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Anzahl der Treffer : 15.936 (319 seiten)

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‎SÁNCHEZ LORA, José Luis.‎

‎El diseño de la santidad. La desfiguración de San Juan de la Cruz.‎

‎Huelva, 2004. 4to. alargado; 233 pp., 1 h. Cubiertas originales.‎

‎SÁNCHEZ LORO, Domingo.‎

‎La celda de Carlos V. (Historia del Monasterio de Yuste).‎

‎Cáceres, Publicaciones de la Asociación "Amigos de Guadalupe", 1949. 4to. menor; 139 pp., 6 hs., y 9 láminas fotográficas. Cubiertas originales.‎

‎SÁNCHEZ MARÍN, José A. y MUÑOZ MARTÍN, Nieves (Eds.).‎

‎Retórica, poética y géneros literarios.‎

‎Granada, 2004. 4to.; 629 pp. Cubiertas originales.‎

‎SÁNCHEZ MOGUEL, Antonio (1847-1913).‎

‎Memoria acerca de "El Mágico Prodigioso" de Calderón, y en especial sobre las relaciones de este drama con el "Fausto" de Goethe. Precédela un Discurso de Don Víctor Balaguer.‎

‎Madrid, Tipografía de La Correspondencia Ilustrada, 1881. 4to. menor; 212 pp. Impresión en papel de hilo. Ejemplar con la rública autógrafa de Sánchez Moguel. Encuadernación de época en media piel con puntas y lomera ornada.‎

‎SÁNCHEZ MOLLEDO, José María.‎

‎Arbitristas aragoneses de los Siglos XVI y XVII. Textos.‎

‎Zaragoza, 2009. 4to. alargado; 341 pp. Cubiertas originales.‎

‎SÁNCHEZ MOLLEDO, José María.‎

‎Diccionario de arbitristas aragoneses de los Siglos XVI y XVII.‎

‎Zaragoza, 2005. 4to. alargado; 366 pp. Ilustraciones. Cubiertas originales.‎

‎SÁNCHEZ MONTAÑÉS, Emma.‎

‎Orfebreria Precolombina y Colonial: Oro y Plata para los Dioses.‎

‎Madrid, Anaya, 1988. 4to.; 127 pp., con numerosas ilustraciones fotográficas en color. Cubiertas originales en cartoné.‎

‎SÁNCHEZ PORTERO, Antonio.‎

‎Cervantes y Liñán de Riaza. El autor del otro Quijote atribuído a Avellaneda.‎

‎Calatayud, 2011. 4to.; 429 pp. Cubiertas originales.‎

‎SÁNCHEZ ROBAYNA, Andrés.‎

‎Estudios sobre (Bartolomé) Cairasco de Figueroa (1538-1610).‎

‎La Laguna, Real Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País de Tenerife, 1992. 4to.; 177 pp., 3 hs. y 4 láminas. Ejemplar con envío autógrafo del autor. Cubiertas originales.‎

‎SÁNCHEZ SÁNCHEZ, Mercedes.‎

‎Cartas de Francisco de Quevedo a Sancho de Sandoval (1635-1645).‎

‎Madrid, 2009. 4to.; 355 pp. Ilustraciones. Cubiertas originales.‎

‎SÁNCHEZ TELLEZ, María del Carmen, GUERRA, Francisco y VALVERDE, José Luis.‎

‎La doctrina farmacéutica del Renacimiento en la obra de Francisco Hernández (1517-1587).‎

‎Granada, 1981. 4to.; 140 pp. y cuatro láminas dobles, con facsímiles de portadas. Cubiertas originales.‎

‎SÁNCHEZ, José Rogerio (1876-1949).‎

‎Antología de Textos Castellanos. Primera Parte: hasta Cervantes.‎

‎Madrid, Imprenta de los Hijos de Gómez Fuentenebro, 1918. 4to.; 406 pp. Cubiertas originales.‎

‎SÁNCHEZ, José Rogerio (Ed.).‎

‎Antología de Textos Castellanos. Siglos XIII al XX. Ordenada y anotada por...‎

‎Madrid, Sucesores de Hernando, Imprenta de los Hijos de G. Fuentenebro, 1919. 4to.; 2hs., 1007 pp. Encuadernación original en tela estampada.‎

‎SÁNCHEZ, José Rogerio (Ed.).‎

‎Antología de Textos Castellanos. Siglos XIII al XX. Ordenada y anotada por...‎

‎Madrid, Librería de los Sucesores de Hernando, 1924. 4to.; 804 pp. Encuadernación en media tela.‎

‎SÁNCHEZ, José Rogerio.‎

‎Textos y Ejercicios para el estudio de la Literatura.‎

‎Madrid, Librería de los Sucesores de Hernando, 1925. 4to.; 415 pp., VI pp., 1 h. Encuadernación en media tela, original.‎

‎SÁNCHEZ, Juan Manuel.‎

‎Bibliografía Aragonesa del Siglo XVI.‎

‎Madrid, Imprenta Clásica Española, 1913 - 1914. Dos volúmenes en folio; XIII pp., 407 p. y XIV pp., 577 pp., 3 hs. Numerosas reproducciones de portadas, grabados y textos, algunas de ellas a dos tintas. Ejemplar perteneciente a la tirada de 250 impresos sobre papel verjurado y con envío autógrafo del autor. Cubierta superior original salvada sobre encuadernación en media tela.‎

‎SÁNCHEZ, Vicente.‎

‎Lira Poética (1688). [Lira poetica con todo genero de metros agudissimos, un examen poetico ingenioso, y los meiores villancicos de España]. Edición de Jesús Duce García.‎

‎Zaragoza, 2003. Dos volúmenes en 4to.; CX pp., 1044 pp., 1 h. en paginación continuada. Cubiertas originales.‎

‎SÁNCHEZ-CID, Francisco Javier.‎

‎La familia del dramaturgo Felipe Godinez. Un clan judeoconverso en la época de la Contrarreforma.‎

‎Huelva, 2016. 4to.; 332 pp. Cubiertas originales.‎

‎SÁTIRA MENIPEA.‎

‎La Satyre Ménippée ou La Vertu du Catholicon d'Espagne. Et de la tenue des Etats de Paris. Selon l'édition princeps de 1594. Édition nouvelle avec introduction et éclaircissements par M. Charles Read.‎

‎Paris, Librairie des Bibliophiles, des Presses de D. Jouaust, 1876. 4to. menor; 2 hs., XXIII-322 pp., 1 h. Cubiertas originales. Este célebre panfleto político dirigido contra las pretensiones españolas y contra la "Liga", en favor de las pretensiones de Enrique IV, está considerado "El Rey de los Panfletos", donde el adversario es pintado con los rasgos más caricaturescos y representa el punto de partida de la conciencia nacional francesa, bajo fórmulas heredadas de la tradición escénica medieval y de las "arengas" que anuncian la elocuencia clásica francesa del siglo siguiente. Es obra colectiva de los canónigos Jacques Guillot y Jean Leroy, del humanista Jean Passerat, del erudito Florent Chrestien y de los juristas G. Durant, Nicolas Rapin y Pierre Pithou representantes de los "políticos" favorables al fin de las luchas religiosas y a la unidad alrededor de la autoridad real encarnada por el "Verde Galante" Enrique el Bearnés.‎

‎Sänger, Reinhard u.a.:‎

‎Silber aus Heilbronn für die Welt. P. Bruckmann & Söhne 1805-1973.‎

‎27,5 x 22,5 cm. 237 Seiten mit 457 s/w, 26 farbigen Abb. und 38 Marken. Pappband (wie neu, noch original verschweißt). *Katalog zur Ausstellung. Vollständiges Verzeichnis aller Entwerfer für Bruckmann mit Biographien und vollständigem Katalog aller Bestecke. ISBN 9783931411992 Bücher de‎

‎Sänger, Reinhard u.a.:‎

‎Silber aus Heilbronn für die Welt. P. Bruckmann & Söhne 1805-1973.‎

‎27,5 x 22,5 cm. 237 Seiten mit 457 s/w, 26 farbigen Abb. und 38 Marken. Pappband (wie neu, noch original verschweißt). *Katalog zur Ausstellung. Vollständiges Verzeichnis aller Entwerfer für Bruckmann mit Biographien und vollständigem Katalog aller Bestecke. ISBN 9783930811908 Bücher de‎

‎sédillot ( rené )‎

‎histoire de l'or‎

‎fayard 1971 in 8 cartonnage éditeur jaquette 406 pages - index‎

‎l'or fétiche - l'or parure - l'or monnaie - l'or étalon - l'or refuge - l'or réserve.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 3081

Livre Rare Book

Le Monde à l'Envers
Montargis France Francia França France
[Bücher von Le Monde à l'Envers]

€ 20,00 Kaufen

‎Ségur Comtesse de‎

‎Après la pluie le beau temps‎

‎GP Rouge et Or Dauphine 1968 187 pages poche. 1968. Cartonnage editeur. 187 pages.‎

‎état d'usage‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 44208

Livre Rare Book

Un Autre Monde
Val Couoesnon France Francia França France
[Bücher von Un Autre Monde]

€ 3,00 Kaufen

‎Ségur Comtesse de‎

‎Contes choisis‎

‎Rouge et or 1969 187 pages in12. 1969. Cartonné. 187 pages.‎

‎Etat Correct‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 139547

Livre Rare Book

Un Autre Monde
Val Couoesnon France Francia França France
[Bücher von Un Autre Monde]

€ 10,00 Kaufen

‎Ségur Comtesse de‎

‎Le mauvais génie‎

‎GP Rouge et Or Dauphine 1966 185 pages poche. 1966. Cartonnage editeur. 185 pages.‎

‎état d'usage‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 44209

Livre Rare Book

Un Autre Monde
Val Couoesnon France Francia França France
[Bücher von Un Autre Monde]

€ 3,00 Kaufen

‎Ségur Comtesse de‎

‎Le général Dourakine‎

‎GP Rouge et Or Dauphine 1963 251 pages poche. 1963. Cartonnage editeur. 251 pages.‎

‎état d'usage‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 44210

Livre Rare Book

Un Autre Monde
Val Couoesnon France Francia França France
[Bücher von Un Autre Monde]

€ 3,00 Kaufen

‎Söhn, Gerhard‎

‎Handbuch der Original-Graphik in deutschen Zeitschriften, Mappenwerken, Kunstbüchern und Katalogen (HDO) 1890-1933. 7 Bände u. Register in 8 Bänden.‎

‎Düsseldorf, Edition GS, 1989-1998. 4°. Mit ca. 6.000 Abbildungen. Zus. ca. 1.280 S., OLwd.-Bde. m. OUmschlägen.‎

‎Erstausgabe; vollständiges Exemplar. - Erschienen in einer Auflage von 450-650 Exemplaren. - Verzeichnet rund 6.000 Orig.-Graphiken, die im genannten Zeitraum (vom Jugendstil über den Expressionismus bis zur Neuen Sachlichkeit) in Zeitschriften, Büchern usw. erschienen sind; alle abgebildet und mit ausführlichem Kommentar (Titel, Datierung, Signaturen, Referenzliteratur, Auflage, Zustände usw.) - Die Umschläge leicht lichtrandig; nur der Registerband ohne Schutzumschlag.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 61055

‎Südafrika - Strecker, Carl Christoph‎

‎Auf den Diamanten- und Goldfeldern Südafrikas. Schilderungen von Land und Leuten, der politischen, kirchlichen und kulturellen Zustände Südafrikas. Mit Titelbild, 100 Abbildungen im Text und einer Karte.‎

‎Freiburg Herdersche Verlagshandlung 1901. XV, 681 Seiten. Reich farbig geprägter u. vergoldeter Original-Leinwand-Einband in guter Erhaltung! 24x17 cm‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 129625

‎Südafrika - WILSON Francis‎

‎Labour in the Sout African Gold Mines 1911 - 1969.‎

‎Cambridge at the University Press. 1972. XVIII, 218 pages. With some illustrations. Original-cloth (Libryry stamp) 25x16 cm‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 23351

‎T Gold‎

‎The Lega Nord and Contemporary Politics in Italy‎

‎Hardcover. New. New Book; Fast Shipping from UK; Not signed; Not First Edition; The author links the Lega Nord's rise to the socioeconomic development of the north over the south in Italy and the political process which created a voting block in the south. This led the north of Italy to see 'Rome' as a predatory en hardcover‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : ria9780312296315_inp ISBN : 0312296312 9780312296315

Biblio.com

Ria Christie Collections
United Kingdom Reino Unido Reino Unido Royaume-Uni
[Bücher von Ria Christie Collections]

€ 47,65 Kaufen

‎T Gold‎

‎The Lega Nord and Contemporary Politics in Italy‎

‎Hardback. New. The author links the Lega Nord's rise to the socioeconomic development of the north over the south in Italy and the political process which created a voting block in the south. This led the north of Italy to see 'Rome' as a predatory entity drawing resources and impeding progress in the north to support the south. hardcover‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : B9780312296315 ISBN : 0312296312 9780312296315

Biblio.com

The Saint Bookstore
United Kingdom Reino Unido Reino Unido Royaume-Uni
[Bücher von The Saint Bookstore]

€ 50,56 Kaufen

‎T Gold‎

‎Visual Requirements Study for Head-Up Displays‎

‎PN. New. 1972. Soft Cover. Date is original print. This is a reprint edition. . PN paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 743453

Biblio.com

J. E. MILES, A BOOKSELLER
United States Estados Unidos Estados Unidos États-Unis
[Bücher von J. E. MILES, A BOOKSELLER]

€ 118,20 Kaufen

‎T M Addiscott A J Gold C A Oviatt N Benjamin K E Giller‎

‎Nitrate Agriculture and the Environment CABI Publishing‎

‎C A B Intl 2005. Paperback. New. 304 pages. 9.75x6.75x0.75 inches. C A B Intl paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : __0851999131 ISBN : 0851999131 9780851999135

Biblio.com

Revaluation Books
United Kingdom Reino Unido Reino Unido Royaume-Uni
[Bücher von Revaluation Books]

€ 72,05 Kaufen

‎T S Gold‎

‎Descriptive Catalogue of Farms in Connecticut for Sale Classic Reprint‎

‎paperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 1332257933.G ISBN : 1332257933 9781332257935

Biblio.com

Bonita
United States Estados Unidos Estados Unidos États-Unis
[Bücher von Bonita]

€ 43,88 Kaufen

‎T S Gold‎

‎Descriptive Catalogue of Farms in Connecticut for Sale Classic Reprint‎

‎hardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 0267861192.G ISBN : 0267861192 9780267861194

Biblio.com

Bonita
United States Estados Unidos Estados Unidos États-Unis
[Bücher von Bonita]

€ 54,58 Kaufen

‎T S Gold‎

‎Descriptive Catalogue of Farms in Connecticut for Sale Classic Reprint‎

‎hardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 0656218967.G ISBN : 0656218967 9780656218967

Biblio.com

Bonita
United States Estados Unidos Estados Unidos États-Unis
[Bücher von Bonita]

€ 54,04 Kaufen

‎T S Gold‎

‎Fourteenth Annual Report of the Secretary of the Connecticut Board of Agriculture 1880-81‎

‎hardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 0331510065.G ISBN : 0331510065 9780331510065

Biblio.com

Bonita
United States Estados Unidos Estados Unidos États-Unis
[Bücher von Bonita]

€ 65,09 Kaufen

‎T S Gold‎

‎Fourteenth Annual Report of the Secretary of the Connecticut Board of Agriculture 1880-81‎

‎paperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 0331509954.G ISBN : 0331509954 9780331509953

Biblio.com

Bonita
United States Estados Unidos Estados Unidos États-Unis
[Bücher von Bonita]

€ 53,13 Kaufen

‎T S Gold‎

‎Handbook of Connecticut Agriculture‎

‎like new. unknown‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46902108 ISBN : 1019995785 9781019995785

Biblio.com

GreatBookPrices
United States Estados Unidos Estados Unidos États-Unis
[Bücher von GreatBookPrices]

€ 44,25 Kaufen

‎T'SERSTEVENS, Albert (1885-1974).‎

‎La Légende de Don Juan. [Étude romanesque de la psychologie du séducteur].‎

‎Paris, L'Édition d'Art H. Piazza, 1924. 4to.; 5 hs., 184 pp., 5 hs. Diseño y ornamentación de Pierre Courtois. Cubiertas originales.‎

‎Table of contents/Nob's aeronautical scale graffiti/Nobuo Shimoda Scenery with planes Or a landscape with people / Kiyohiro Naka‎

‎Bimonthly Scale Aviation November 1 2004 Vol.40‎

‎Not Available 2004. Soft Cover. Fine. The book is in fine condition. Not Available paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 2090502113718065

Biblio.com

Potato Head Bookshop
Singapore Singapur Cingapura Singapour
[Bücher von Potato Head Bookshop]

€ 84,61 Kaufen

‎Table of Contents: [Changes in Japanese Language] Introduction 1, Phase 1 Early Japanese Language 2, Phase 2 Ancient or Classica‎

‎change of national language‎

‎Not Available 1952. Soft Cover. Fine. The book is in fine condition. Not Available paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 2090502113716992

Biblio.com

Potato Head Bookshop
Singapore Singapur Cingapura Singapour
[Bücher von Potato Head Bookshop]

€ 84,61 Kaufen

‎Table of Contents/Hunting and Shooting: Shooting Guns and Hunting Guns: Haruo Kita Hunting Gun Details Hunting Guns and Eyes (or‎

‎Full Hunt December 1976‎

‎Not Available 1976. Soft Cover. Fine. The book is in fine condition. Not Available paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 2090502113717792

Biblio.com

Potato Head Bookshop
Singapore Singapur Cingapura Singapour
[Bücher von Potato Head Bookshop]

€ 84,61 Kaufen

‎Table of Contents: Genkaku Sanbo Gears Or A Fool's Life Commentary (Shinichiro Nakamura)‎

‎Gears and two others‎

‎Not Available 1983. Soft Cover. Fine. The book is in fine condition. Not Available paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 2090502113715620

Biblio.com

Potato Head Bookshop
Singapore Singapur Cingapura Singapour
[Bücher von Potato Head Bookshop]

€ 84,61 Kaufen

‎Table of Contents: Movie Legendary Giant Ideon Space Adventure Cobra Golden Warrior Gold Lightan Arcadia of My Youth Color Graph‎

‎Monthly OUT July 1982 Eiga Densetsu Kyojin Ideon / Gauche the Cellist‎

‎Not Available 1982. Soft Cover. Fine. The book is in fine condition. Not Available paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 2090502113717741

Biblio.com

Potato Head Bookshop
Singapore Singapur Cingapura Singapour
[Bücher von Potato Head Bookshop]

€ 84,61 Kaufen

‎Tacconi R., Rosignoli M. P.‎

‎Gioielli e Pietre Preziose‎

‎Mm 175x250 Volume rilegato di pp. 296+indice, numerose illustrazioni a colori. In ottimo stato. SPEDIZIONE IN 24 ORE DALLA CONFERMA DELL'ORDINE.‎

‎Tacitus Publius or Gaius Cornelius‎

‎P. Cornelius Taciti libri quinque noviter inventi atque cdum reliquis eius operibus editi by Filippos Beroaldo with Annotationes by Andrea Alciati‎

‎Milan: Alessandro Minuziano 1517. <p>Tacitus Publius Cornelius ca. 56 - ca. 120 C.E. P. Cornelii Taciti libri quinque noviter in venti atque cum reliquis eius operibus editi. Small 4to. 20 233 3ff. Signatures H-K bound in reverse order in this copy. Milan: Ex officina Minutiana 1517. 192 x 127 mm. Full morocco tooled in gilt and blind in antique style. Occasional faint dampstaining but a fine copy. Engraved armorial bookplate of Count Dmitri Petrovich Boutourlin 1790-1849.</p> <p> First Minuziano Edition and the First Example of a Challenge to a Copyright. In 1508 Pope Leo X formerly Cardinal Giovanni de'Medici purchased the only surviving manuscript of the "lost" first six books of Tacitus's Annals which had earlier been stolen from the monastery of Corvey in Westphalia. Six year later Leo granted the Vatican librarian humanist Filippo Beroaldo the younger the exclusive right or privilegio to issue a printed edition the complete works of Tacitus including the previously unpublished "lost" books from the Corvey manuscript. Violators of the privilegio were threatened with excommunication. Beroaldo's Tacitus printed in Rome by Stephanus Guilleretus de Lotheringia was published in 1515.</p> <p> At the same time the Milanese printer Alessandro Minuziano undaunted by the fear of papal displeasure began preparing a word-for-word reprint of the Beroaldo Tacitus probably bribing one of Lotheringia's employees for sheets of the work as it was being printed. It is likely that Minuziano intended to issue his pirated edition around the same time as the legitimate one but the Pope got word of his scheme and the subsequent dispute over the privilegio forced Minuziano to suspend publication until the matter was resolved. The matter was serious especially as Leo X actively involved himself in issues of publication and censorship. The case was eventually resolved in Minuziano's favor and he added an appendix to the edition containing the key documents pertaining to the case. These included the papal privilege of November 14 1514 Minuziano's "supplication and prayers" to Leo X of March 30 1516 in which he defended himself remarkably by claiming ignorance of the Pope's privilegio and the papal letter of pardon dated September 7 1516 reiterating Minuziano's defense and granting Minuziano permission to publish his edition.</p> <p> This copy of the Minuziano Tacitus bears the bookplate of Dmitri Petrovich Boutourlin or Buturlin a Russian general statesman and military historian who became director of the Russian Imperial Public Library in 1843. A catalogue of Boutourlin's extensive private library was published in 1831.</p> . $12500 rebound by Sean Richards. Alessandro Minuziano unknown books‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 42431

ABAA

Jeremy Norman & Co., Inc.
United States Estados Unidos Estados Unidos États-Unis
[Bücher von Jeremy Norman & Co., Inc.]

€ 8.037,95 Kaufen

‎Tacker, Sylvia; Forrest, Janet; Freeman, Mollie; West, Virginia; Bradley, Louise; French, Louise; Kennard, Teresa; Kaestner, Tracy; Winslow, Heather; Hutchison, Jean; Geis, Flavian; et al‎

‎Handwoven (Hand Woven) Magazine, May / June 2001 - Special Garment Issue / Tribute to Virginia Isham Harvey‎

‎104 pages. Features: Tribute to Virginia Isham Harvey; Custom Pattern for a Dolman Jacket; A Tunic for all fabrics and figures; Start with a Vest; Sewing Skills are a Good Investment; Sundance Visit - Weaving and Sewing with Rayon Chenille; An Evening Dress in Thick 'n Turn; Two terrific tunics in fine silk; Two Sewing techniques for the beginning sewer; I'll Never Do That Again - Shirt Tales; To Serge or Not - professional seam alternatives; Paper patterns for handwoven garments; A Shawl and a Hat; Deflected Double Weave and Differential Shrinkage; Meet me at the Fair; and more. Average wear. Unmarked. A sound copy. Magazine‎

‎TACQUET, Andre (or Andreas)‎

‎Cylindricorum et annularium libri IV: item De circulorum volutione per planum dissertatio physiomathica‎

‎Antwerp: Jacob van Meurs 1651. First edition. <p>First edition very rare and a fine copy. "Tacquet's most important mathematical work Cylindricorum et annularium contained a number of original theorems on cylinders and rings. Its main importance however lay in its concern with questions of method. Tacquet rejected all notions originating with Cavalieri that solids are composed of planes planes of lines etc." DSB. "It was Tacquet's decisive influence followed by Pascal's large-scale implementation which allowed the passage from indivisibles to infinitesimals" Julien Seventeenth-Century Indivisibles Revisited.</p>. <p>'ALLOWED THE PASSAGE FROM INDIVISIBLES TO INFINITESIMALS'</p> . <p>First edition very rare and a fine copy. "Tacquet's most important mathematical work Cylindricorum et annularium contained a number of original theorems on cylinders and rings. Its main importance however lay in its concern with questions of method. Tacquet rejected all notions originating with Cavalieri that solids are composed of planes planes of lines and so on except as heuristic devices for finding solutions. The approach he adopted was that of Luca Valerio and Gregorius of Saint-Vincent an essentially Archimedean method" DSB. "Tacquet's criticisms must have been effective because indivisibles became homogeneous magnitudes as a result of innovations introduced during the course of the seventeenth century" Rossini p. 465. The historian of mathematics Henri Bosmans "states that it was Tacquet's decisive influence followed by Pascal's large-scale implementation which allowed what is sometimes referred to as the passage from indivisibles to infinitesimals" Julien p. 187. "In this work the ideas that the tangent and the area under a curve were inverse to each other appeared. It arises from the way that Tacquet thought of curves generated by moving points but not actually comprising of points. Of course this idea is an early form of what would become clear when the calculus was invented namely that the derivative and integral were inverse to each other. This book had a considerable effect on Pascal and was important in setting the scene for the invention of the calculus" MacTutor. Bosmans has pointed out the debt owed to Tacquet's Cylindricorum et annularium by Pascal in his preparation of the Lettres de Dettonville 1659. Indeed in the Lettre à Carcavy Pascal writes that Tacquet's book is full of "learned geometry" praises how Tacquet "handles the indivisibles with all desirable rigour" and refers specifically to Tacquet for a result on the approximation of a surface by inscribed and circumscribed polyhedra see Descotes. "The change in Pascal to a clear point of view with respect to infinitesimals may well have come from Pascal's reading of Tacquet's Cylindricorum et annularium in which the author denied the validity of concluding anything about the ratio of surfaces from the ratio of their indivisibles or lines" Boyer p. 151. This is a rare work particularly in commerce. ABPC/RBH list only the Turner copy from the University of Keele offered by a prominent London dealer in 2002 and subsequently sold at Reiss in 2005 quite a poor copy in modern binding with some paper repairs and a partially removed library stamp. Ours is a fine untouched copy in contemporary binding.</p> <br /> <p>Provenance: Contemporary ownership inscription on title of "Conde da Torre" possibly the Portuguese nobleman João de Mascarenhas 1633-1681 second Count of Torre and first Marquis of Fronteira. </p> <br /> <p>"The Jesuit mathematician André Tacquet 1612-60 was by the standards of his time a man of the world. Although he may never have left his native Flanders his network of correspondents spanned Europe's religious divide reaching to Italy and France but also to Protestant Holland and England. Only months before his death he entertained the Dutch polymath Christiaan Huygens who had travelled to Antwerp with the express purpose of meeting Tacquet by then regarded as one of the brightest mathematical stars ever to come out of the Society of Jesus . It was his mathematical excellence that transcended 17th-century prejudices. In England Henry Oldenburg secretary of the Royal Society of London and no friend of the Jesuits spent so much time describing Tacquet's Opera mathematica at the Society's meeting in January 1669 that he felt compelled to apologise to the fellows for abusing their patience. But it was he insisted 'one of the best books ever written on mathematics'" Alexander p. 118.</p> <br /> <p>"In 1651 André Tacquet the urbane Fleming whose work was celebrated by Catholics and Protestants alike published hisCylindricorum et annularium libri IV 'Four books on cylinders and rings' a work dedicated to the study of geometrical features of these figures and their applications. Befitting a Jesuit publication the frontispiece shows two angels bathed in divine light holding up a ring enclosing the book's title; on the ground below them a band of cherubs is busy putting the theory into practice. The implication is clear: divine mathematics universal and perfectly rational orders and arranges the physical world to the best possible effect. It is a fetching visual depiction of the Jesuit view of the role and nature of mathematics.</p> <br /> <p>"The Cylindricorum et annularium is Tacquet's most celebrated work the one that established his reputation as one of Europe's most original and creative mathematicians. As it turned out it may have been a bit too 'original and creative' for his superiors: when Tacquet sent a copy of the book the newly appointed superior general Goswin Nickel the general's response was surprisingly cool. After thanking the mathematician and congratulating him on the book Nickel added that it would be better if Tacquet applied his impressive gifts to producing textbooks of elementary geometry for use by students at the Society's colleges rather than original works aimed at a select audience of professional mathematicians . Tacquet a good soldier in the Army of Christ obeyed. From then on he published no more original work but concentrating instead on producing textbooks some of which are of such quality that they became standards in the field for over a century .</p> <br /> <p>"In his critique Tacquet is respectful even deferential toward his rivals. He refers to Cavalieri as 'a noble geometer' and insists that he 'does not wish to detract from the deserved glory' of Cavalieri's 'most beautiful invention' Geometria indivisibilibus 1635. Tacquet knew of what he spoke because he was himself deeply familiar with the work of Cavalieri and Torricelli and was no less capable than they of using their method to arrive at new results. But once he gets beyond his congenial style and mathematical mastery it becomes clear that Tacquet's opposition to the infinitely small is . unyielding . 'I cannot consider the method of proof by indivisibles as either legitimate or geometrical' he states flatly at the opening of his discussion of indivisibles. 'It proceeds from lines to surfaces from surfaces to solids and applies to the surface the quality or proportion obtained from the lines and transfers what was obtained from the surfaces to the solid.' 'By this method' he concludes 'nothing can be proven by anyone'" ibid. pp. 161-2.</p> <br /> <p>"André or Andreas Tacquet resembles his contemporary Torricelli in the generality of his adoption from his predecessors of varied infinitesimal methods. In his Cylindricorum et annularium libri IV he gave for example four demonstrations of the proposition that the volume of a sphere is equal to that of a cylindrical wedge whose base is half a great circle of the sphere and whose altitude is equal to the circumference of the sphere. This theorem had been given by a number of mathematicians since Kepler as well as by Archimedes in the Method probably not then extant. Tacquet however after proving the theorem in two ways by the use of inscribed and circumscribed figures gave two further demonstrations by indivisibles based on the equality of triangles and circular sections. Torricelli had himself been satisfied with the rigor of proofs by means of indivisibles although he supplied alternative demonstrations for the benefit of others. Tacquet on the other hand said that he did not consider that the method of Cavalieri was to be admitted as either legitimate or geometrical. He maintained that the cylindrical wedge could not in all strictness be considered as made up of triangles; nor could the sphere be regarded as composed of circles . A geometrical magnitude he asserted is made up only of homogenea that is parts of like dimension - a solid of small solids and area of small areas and a line of small lines - and not of heterogenea or parts of a lower dimension as Cavalieri had maintained. He therefore felt that a proposed magnitude is exhausted a word he undoubtedly acquired from Gregory of St. Vincent by inscribing homogenea within them 'as in the manner of the ancients'" Boyer pp. 139-140.</p> <br /> <p>Tacquet gave a famous example where Cavalieri's method led to incorrect results. On pp. 23-24 he considers a right-angled triangle with one horizontal and one vertical side. Rotating this triangle around the vertical side generates a cone. Each plane section of the cone parallel to the base determines a circle and the circumference of each of these circles bears the same ratio to its radius namely 2π to use our notation. Since the surface of the cone is made up of all these circular cross-sections and the triangle is made up of all the radii Cavalieri's method would imply that the same ratio is also that between the surface area of the cone and the area of the triangle. But this is not the case.</p> <br /> <p>Archimedes had used a double reductio ad absurdum style of proof to find areas and volumes and this argument continued to be used until the publication of Cavalieri's work. To show that the area of a given region is equal to A Archimedes showed that for any number B smaller than A an inscribed figure could be constructed whose area is greater than B the inscribed area was usually composed of rectangles or triangles so that its area could easily be determined. This shows that the area of the given region cannot be smaller than A. A similar argument with circumscribed figures shows that the area cannot be larger than A. This technique is usually referred to as the 'method of exhaustion.'</p> <br /> <p>In the Cylindricorum et annularium Tacquet gives two proofs of most of his results on rings and cylinders the first using a modified form of the exhaustion technique the second using indivisibles; the precision and rigour of the traditional method is repeatedly stressed. But Tacquet introduces a number of innovations in the use of the method of exhaustion.</p> <br /> <p>"Tacquet's book has two theorems dealing with exhaustion which are the foundation for nearly all other theorems in the book. The first proposition of the first book is reminiscent of Valerio's theorem De Centro Gravitatis Solidorum Libri Tres 1604:</p> <br /> <p>Let A and B be two magnitudes either areas or volumes and let the ratio of E to F be given. If one can consecutively inscribe into A and B a sequence of magnitudes that relate to one another as E to F and if these magnitudes exhaust A and B i.e. they differ from these by an arbitrarily small amount then the magnitude A will relate to the magnitude B as E to F.</p> <br /> <p>"Tacquet's general theorem has the advantage that he does not have to repeat a double reductio ad absurdum with each proof .</p> <br /> <p>"The first proposition of the second book introduces another exhaustion method:</p> <br /> <p>If a sequence of magnitudes Ain and Bin can be inscribed in magnitudes A and B and if likewise a sequence of magnitudes Acn and Bcn can be circumscribed about magnitudes A and B and if moreover Ain and Acn exhaust A and for the corresponding magnitudes we have Ain / Bin = E/F and Acn / Bcn = E/F then A/B = E/F.</p> <br /> <p>"The simplification lies in the fact that it is no longer necessary to exhaust the inscribed and circumscribed magnitudes for each of the magnitudes A and B as it suffices to calculate the ratio for one or the other .</p> <br /> <p>"An important new concept is found in Tacquet's definitions of surfaces and solids. He defines the cylinder for instance as a solid that is generated by the movement of a circle in such a way that one of the points of the circle segment moves along a straight line. The axis of this cylinder is the straight line joining the centre of two of the generated circles. Despite this definition he does not accept that the cylinder is composed of circles" ibid. pp. 214-5.</p> <br /> <p>An important example of Tacquet's 'kinetic' method of generating curves and surfaces is contained in the second part of the Cylindricorum et annularium entitled 'Dissertatio physico-mathematica de circulorum volutionibus' in which Tacquet studies the cycloid a curve traced out by a point on the circumference of a circle as it is rolled along a straight line. This curve was to be the focus of Blaise Pascal's work on indivisibles published in the Lettres de A. Dettonville 1659.</p> <br /> <p>"Although Pascal was undoubtedly attracted by the power of indivisible methods he was impressed by the careful geometrical approach of Grégoire de Saint-Vincent and swayed by the vigorous criticism of Cavalierian indivisibles launched by André Tacquet in his work Cylindricorum et annularium. Pascal was accordingly impelled to examine carefully the basis for the use of indivisibles in geometry" Baron pp. 199-200.</p> <br /> <p>"Blaise Pascal in a sense represents the highest development of the method of infinitesimals carried out under the tradition of classical geometry . Pascal was not a professional geometer and as a result his geometrical work was accomplished in two periods which were separated by an interval of mathematical inactivity from 1654 to 1658 during which he devoted his interests to theology. These two periods moreover are characterised by somewhat different views as to the nature of infinitesimals . In this connection he enunciated in the Potestatum numericarum summa of 1654 the theorem on the integral of xn . The essential point in Pascal's demonstration is the omission of terms of lower dimension . The geometrical intuition of indivisibles of lower dimension was carried over into arithmetic to justify the neglect of certain terms of lower degree .</p> <br /> <p>"In the later period of his mathematical activity his view appears to be modified. In connection with problems such as those in his Traité des sinus du quart de cercle of 1659 contained in the Lettres de Dettonville . he used the language of infinitesimals in speaking of the sum of all the ordinates; but he added that one need not fear to do this inasmuch as what is really meant is the sum of arbitrarily small rectangles" Boyer pp. 147-151.</p> <br /> <p>Bosmans sees Pascal's Potestatum numericarum summa as containing two mutually incompatible ideas about indivisibles. On the one hand Pascal sometimes regards indivisibles as rigorously null quantities as had Cavalieri. On the other hand he sometimes regards indivisibles as simply quantities that are negligible in comparison to other quantities. "Bosmans then strongly underlines the difference with the clarity of the Lettres de Dettonville where Pascal expresses himself with impeccable rigour substituting for the strict indivisibles of Cavalieri homogeneous quantities whosesums differ from that to be measured by less than any given quantity. He then finds the reason for this progress in the reading that Pascal would have made between 1654 and 1658 of the book published by Tacquet in 1651" Descotes pp. 1-2 our translation.</p> <br /> <p>In the last section of the Lettre à Carcavy Pascal refers specifically to Tacquet in his discussion of the problem of finding the area of a surface obtained by rotating a curve around a vertical axis. When an infinitesimal section of the curve is rotated one obtains a circular band; these bands together make up the whole surface. "This is properly what according to Dettonville Tacquet has demonstrated: 'The sum of these semi-circumferences of the surface of the semi-solid makes up this very surface as others have demonstrated among them Tacquet'. We find in fact in the Cylindricorum et annularium Book II 1st part a Proposition VI which corresponds to Pascal's words. Its object is to prove that if we consider in a great-circle BICQ on a sphere with diameter BC if we inscribe and circumscribe regular polygons on the semi-circle BIC and if we rotate these polygons around the diameter BC they inscribe and circumscribe in the sphere with solids whose surfaces differ from that of the sphere by a quantity which can be made as small as one wishes. We see how it accords with Pascal's thought: the inscribed and circumscribed segments generate bands during the rotation which at the limit can be said to compose the curved surface. In accordance with his principles Father Tacquet demonstrates it in the manner of the Ancients" ibid. p. 4.</p> <br /> <p>"Tacquet was the son of Pierre Tacquet a merchant and Agnes Wandelen of Nuremberg. His father apparently died while the boy was still young but left the family with some means. Tacquet received an excellent education in the Jesuit collège of his native town and a contemporary report describes him as a gifted if somewhat delicate child. In 1629 he entered the Jesuit order as a novice and spent the first two years in Malines and the next four in Louvain where he studied logic physics and mathematics. His mathematics teacher was William Boelmans a student of and secretary to Gregorius Saint Vincent. After his preliminary training Tacquet taught in various Jesuit collèges for five years notably Greek and poetry at Bruges from 1637 to 1639. From 1640 to 1644 he studied theology in Louvain and in 1644-45 he taught mathematics there. He took his vows on 1 November 1646 and subsequently taught mathematics in the collèges of Louvain 1649-55 and Antwerp 1645-49 1655-60" DSB.</p> <br /> <p>A second edition of the Cylindricorum et annularium was published in 1659 with the addition of a fifth book devoted to an unrelated subject the paradox of 'Aristotle's wheel'. The perceived unsuitability of the Cylindricorum at annularium for the Jesuit colleges may explain why it was not added to all copies of the Opera mathematica 1669 it was not present in the Macclesfield copy for example.</p> <br /> <p>De Backer-Sommervogel VII 1806 3; Poggendorff II 1064. Alexander Infinitesimal 2014. Baron The Origins of the Infinitesimal Calculus 1969. Boyer The History of the Calculus and its Conceptual Development 1949. Descotes 'Documents relatifs aux lettres de A. Dettonville I. Pascal et le Père Tacquet' Courrier du Centre international Blaise Pascal 14 1992 pp. 1-13. Julien ed. Seventeenth-Century Indivisibles Revisited 2015. Malet From indivisibles to infinitesimals 1996. Meskens Between Tradition and Innovation: Gregorio a San Vicente and the Flemish Jesuit Mathematics School 2021. Rossini 'Giordano Bruno and Bonaventura Cavalieri's theories of indivisibles: a case of shared knowledge' Intellectual History Review 28 2018 pp. 461-476.</p> <br/> <br/> Small 4to 217 x 162 mm pp. xx 284 4 with 18 folding engraved plates the first 9 bound preceding title the remainder at end as in the instructions to binder on p. 286 full-page engraving on title second work with special half-title occasional light browning and spotting. Contemporary yapped limp vellum with manuscript title on spine remains of ties a few stains and light rubbing. Jacob van Meurs unknown‎

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