‎Chimie‎

‎"GROTTHUSS, THEODOR VON - THE BASIC LAWS OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY FORMULATED.‎

‎Auszug aus vier Abhandlungen physikalisch-chemischen Inhalts. I. Ueber die chemische Wirksamheit des Lichtes und der Electricität, und einen merkwürdigen neues Gegensatz in der erstern, je nachdem das Licht aus nicht oxydirenden oder aus oxydirenden M...‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1819. 8vo. Contemporary half calf. Raised bands, gilt spine. Spine slightly rubbed.""Annalen der Physik. Neue Folge. Hrsg. von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 61. Small stamps on verso of title-pages. (12),430,(6) pp. and 4 engraved plates. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of these milestone papers on photochemistry, as it was here the opinion ""that only the absorbed light rays are active in the production of chemical changes"", was expressed for the first time and ""thus, he formulated the importent basic law of photochemistry, which is named after him, ""the Grotthuss law of photochemical absorption"" (Eder ""Histo of Photography"" p. 166 ff.). The extracts as offered here, from ""Annalen"" were published before they appeared in the Annalen der Curländischen Gesellschaft für Litteratur und Kunst.""This importent Grutthussian thesis was in time so completely forgotten that John William Draper, two years after the inventionof the daguerreotype, discovered the same law and entirely independently of Grotthuss (1841). For a long time it was known as ""Draper's Law of absorption"" in ignorance of Grotthuss' priority....The four laws of Grotthuss (as formulated in the first paper offered) are....These laws... found little appreciation among his contemporaries...Still we must recognize the fact that the basic ideas which Grotthuss laid down in his photochemical theses were not far removed from the most modern views of physcal chemistry, since the chemical forces of affinity are essentially of an electrical nature"".(Eder opt.cit. p. 168).The volume contains other importent papers Macartney & Tilesius Beobachtungen über leuchtende Thiere"" (4 parts), Chladni, E.F.F. ""Ueber die Glühlampen"" etc. etc.‎

Référence libraire : 44749

‎"RAOULT, FRANCOIS MARIE.‎

‎Recherches sur les forces electromotrices et les quantités de chaleur dégagées dans les combinaisons chimique. Premier-Deuxieme Partie. (1. Étude des forces électromotrices. 2. Mesure de la chaleur dégagée par les courants ou absorbée par les actions ...‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson et Fils, Imprimerie Gauthier-Villars, 1864-65. 8vo. Bound in 2 contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges, spines slightly rubbed.. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 4e Series - Tome 2 a. 4. 512 pp. and 2 folded engraved plates. + 512 pp. and 3 folded engraved plates. (The entire volumes offered). Raoult's papers: pp. 317-372 a. pp. 392-426.‎

‎First printing of these pioneering papers in thermochemistry and electrochemistry.""Raoult’s work may be divided into three stages: physical, chemical, and physicochemical. During the first stage, which lasted until Raoult moved to Grenoble, he discovered that the chemical heat of reaction of galvanic cells of the Daniell type was generally different from the heat equivalent of the electrical work done in these cells. He also used a voltameter, an instrument that measures the quantity of electricity by the amount of electrolysis, to study the heat evolved in voltaic cells. Raoult was one of the first to recognize that the electrical work done by voltaic cells was not equal to the heat evolved by the chemical reaction driving these cells. He showed that whenever the electrical work done in voltaic cells was less than the heat of all reactions, heat was evolved. Moreover, he stated that changes in concentration, oxidation, and in acid-base relationships, but not changes in aggregation such as dissolving, melting, or solidifying, were the sources of the electromotive force of voltaic cells.""(DSB).‎

Référence libraire : 44784

‎"LAVOISIER, (ANTOINE-LAURENT) & PIERRE-SIMON DE LAPLACE. - RESPIRATION & COMBUSTION.‎

‎Von dem Verbrennen und Athemholen. (IV Stück von ""Über die Wärme"")‎

‎Helmstädt und Leipzig, J.G. Müllerschen Budhhandlung, 1787. Small 8vo. Orig. printed blue wrappers. In: ""Chemische Annalen...von Lorenz Crell"", 1787, 2. Bd., 7. Stück. Pp. 1-95 (the entire issue (Stúck 7) offered). Lavoisier & La place's paper: pp. 62-94.‎

‎First appearance in German of the fourth part of of the classic joint paper ""Mémoir sur la Chaleur"", published 1783, which contains the section on combustion and respiration.""Few collaborations in the history of science can equal, for the eminence of the two participants, that between the coryphaeus of the Chemical Revolution, Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, and his collegue in the Royal Academy of Science, the mathematical physicist, Pierre-Simon de Laplace. We remember this collaboration chiefly, if not solely, for the famous investigatuon on Calorimetry, which resulted in one of the aknowledged classics of science, the joint ""Mémoir sur la Chaleur"", pulished in the Histoire et Mémoires of the Academy of Sciences in 1784.""(Henry Guerlac).‎

Référence libraire : 44791

‎"LAVOISIER, ANTOINE-LAURENT.‎

‎Über die Verbindung des Säurestoffs mit Eisen. (2 Theile).‎

‎(Helmstädt und Leipzig, J.G. Müllerschen Budhhandlung), 1789. Small 8vo. Orig. printed blue wrappers. In: ""Chemische Annalen...von Lorenz Crell"", 1789, Drittes und Viertes Stück. Pp. 194-288 a. pp. 289-384 (2 entire issues offerd). Lavoisier's papers pp. 260-275 a. pp. 323-29.‎

‎First German edition of Lavoisier's ""Mémoire sur l'union du Principe oxygine avec le Fer"", published in the memoires of the French Academy, 1785 in which he concluded that commercial iron contains carbon, that metals are combustible bodies, whichcan combine with other combustible bodies such as sulphur, phosphorus and carbon.Partington III, pp. 458-59.‎

Référence libraire : 44846

‎"BERZELIUS, J. (JÖNS JACOB). - INTRODUCING CATALYSIS AND CATALYTIC FORCE, A NEW CHEMICAL POWER.‎

‎Quelques Idées sur une nouvelle Force agissant dans les Combinaisons des Corps Organiques.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1836. No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 2e Series, tome 61, Cahier 2. Pp. 113-224. (entire issue offered). Berzelius's paper: pp. 146-151. With titlepage to Tome 61.‎

‎First French edition of this importent paper in the history of chemistry in which Berzelius advanced the concept of 'Catalysis', and described inorganic reactions by way of metals and the biological reactions by enzymes. The paper on Catalysis was first published in his ""Årsberättelse"" (Annual Survey) in 1835. - Axel Holmberg 1836:14. - Partington IV, pp. 263-64""This is a new force in inorganic and organic nature, bringing into being chemical activity, and more widely distributed than has hitherto been thought, the naure of which is completely concealed. If I all it a new force it is not my meaning that it is independent of the electrochemical relations of matter, but on the contrary I can only assume that it is a special kind of manifestation of these. So long as its nature and relations are unknown it will be convenient to considerit a new force, and to give it a name.""(Berzelius).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1836 C.The issue contains furthermore two importent papers by the founder of modern organic cemeistry, Auguste Laurent ""Sur l'Acide Naphtalique et ses Combinaisons"", pp. 113-125 and ""Théorie des Combinaisons Organiques"", pp. 125-151.Laurent: A founder of modern organic chemistry, Laurent was one of the most important chemists of the nineteenth century.‎

Référence libraire : 44894

‎"DUMAS, JEAN BAPTISTE-ANDRE & J.S. STAS. - THE ATOMIC WEIGHT OF CARBON ESTABLISHED.‎

‎Recherches sur la véritable poids atomiques du carbone. (Lu à l'Academie des Sciences, le 21 décembre 1840).‎

‎Paris, Fortin, Masson et Cie, 1841. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3e Series - Tome 1. 512 pp. a. 3 folded engraved plates (showing experimental apparatus).Small stamp to verso of plates. (The entire volume offered). Dumas & Stas' paper: pp. 1-59. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance in full of this paper, stating the correct weight of the carbon atom, which had profound influence on the development of organic chemistry. The first announcement (in extrait) came out in Comptes rendus, Tome Xi, 1840.""From 1840 onward he carried out an important revision of the atomic weights of thirty elements. His most valuable contribution in this field was his very precise determination of the atomic weight of carbon (jointly with his pupil Stas) in 1840.2 A previously accepted weight, determined by Berzelius as C = 12.20 (O = 16), was shown to be incorrect. Dumas proved that C = 12±.002 (O = 16) or C = 75 (O = 100). The analysis was made by burning diamond and artificial and natural graphite in oxygen"" the carbon dioxide formed was weighed in potash solution. The results were in close agreement. The ""new"" weight of carbon had a great effect on the progress of organic chemistry.""(DSB).The volume contains further notable papers by Gerhardt et Cahours ""Recherches chimiques sur les huiles essentitielles"", pp. 60-110, by Laurent, Boussingault, Regnault, Dulong, Melloni et al.‎

Référence libraire : 44902

‎"LAVOISIER, ANTOINE-LAURENT ET AL. - THE SALPETRE COMMISSION.‎

‎Histoire de ce qui s'est passé relativement au Prix proposé sur la Formation du Salpêtre. (+) Recueil de Mémoires et de Pièces sur la Formation et la Fabrication du Salpêtre. (2 parts).‎

‎Paris, Moutard, 1786. 4to. Contemp. full sprinckled calf with 5 raised bands on spine. Richly gilt compartments, title-and tomelabels with gilt lettering. A small nich to leather at middle of front hinge. A small tear to rear hinge at upper compartment. ""Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans"", Tome XI. (4),198,682 pp. Wide-margined, fine and clean.‎

‎This collective work is the French Academy's monumental treatise on the chemistry and the production of Salpetre, a topic of great importence for the war-industry in making gunpowder. The volume contains papers by Macquer, Darcy, Lavoisier, Sage, Baumé, de la Rochefoucault, Clouer and an anonymous report on experiments made in England (CAVENDISH'S) on the composition of nitric acid....papers by Cornette, Thouvenel and Thouvenel, Le Lorgna, Gavinet and Chevrand, de Beunie, Romme, Clouet and Lavoisier, de Rochefoucault etc.(Partington III, p. 467 n).""The Regie des Poudres et Salpetres had the monopoly of refining salpetre from 1775 until it was suppressed during the Revolution. Until his retirement in 1791 the leading light in it was Lavoisier, who seems to have written its publications. - In 1775 the Academy offered a prize of 4000 livres for a process for procuring an abundant supply of salpetre,the announcement being written by Lavoisier. Altogether 66 papers were received and the prize was finally awarded in 1782 to the brothers Thouvenel, who gave a full account of nitre plantations. The material was published in 1786 in one volume by the Academy. In it Lavoisier describes 'Experiences sur la décomposition du nitre par le charbon' said to have been made in 1784...""(Partington III, pp. 466 ff.).""Peu de temps après que Lavoisier eut été nommé régisseur des poudres et salpêtres, il suggéra à Turgot, alors contrôleur général des finances, l'idée de charger l'Académie des sciences de décerner un prix au meilleur mémoire sur la formation du salpêtre. 'Académie nomma une commission dont Lavoisier fut le rapporteur " c'est lui qui examina tous les mémoires présentés au concours, en fit l'analyse, et, quand l'Académie publia en 1786 un volume contenant l'histoire du prix du salpêtre et les mémoires présentés au concours, c'est encore Lavoisier qui en fut le rédacteur. Ce volume fait partie du Recueil des mémoires de mathématiques et de physique présentés à l'Académie royale des sciences par divers savants et lus dans ses assemblées (tome XI, contenant le Recueil des mémoires sur la formation et la fabrication du salpêtre, à Paris, de l'imprimerie Moutard, DCCLXXXVI). Sauf les mémoires des concurrents et un mémoire du duc de la Rochefoucault, ce volume est tout entier de la main de Lavoisier. Il est formé de deux parties la première est intitulée : Histoire de ce qui s'est passé relativement au prix proposé sur la formation du salpêtre " la seconde partie comprend les mémoires présentés au concours ainsi que des mémoires de Lavoisier et Clouet, un mémoire sans signature, mais qui appartient à Lavoisier (le manuscrit autographe a été conservé), le mémoire du duc de La Rochefoucault, et les expériences de Lavoisier sur la décomposition du nitre par le charbon.""‎

Référence libraire : 44923

‎"VENEL, (GABRIEL FRANCOIS). - THE ANALYSIS OF SELTZER-WATER.‎

‎Mémoire sur L'Analyse des Eaux de Selters ou de Seltz. Première - (Seconde) Partie. (2 Mai 1750).‎

‎(Paris, Imprimerie Royale, 1755). 4to. Extracts from ""Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans"", Tome II. Pp. 53-112. Clean and fine, wide-margined.‎

‎In these two memoirs Venel attempted to prove that effervescent mineral waters contain a quantity of common air in solution, thus seperating carbon dioxyde (he called it air surabondante) without knowing what it really was, thus beeing ""so close to making a discovery without actually making it..."" (Fourcroy). ""In 1750 Venel described his analysis of the effervescent mineral water of Selz, in Germany. Evaporation yielded only common salt and a little lime, and he was more interested in the effervescence, which was, he thought, caused by the escape of common air. All water contained a small amount of dissolved air, but Selzer and other effervescent waters contained superabundant air, as Venel called it. He made artificial Selzer water by adding the correct amounts of marine (hydrochloric) acid and soda to pure water, and he called the product aerated water, a term that is still in use. Stephen Hales had thought that effervescent mineral waters contained “sulphurous spirit"""" Venel’s experiments proved the absence of the gas now called sulfur dioxide, but he failed to notice that the ""superabundant air"" differed in any way from common air. It was, of course, carbon dioxide, characterized in 1754 by Joseph Black, who called it fixed air. Fourcroy later commented that no one had ever been so close to making a discovery without actually making it as was Venel.""(DSB).‎

Référence libraire : 44935

‎"LIEBIG, JUSTUS.‎

‎Sur la Constitution des Acides Organiques: Traduit par Horace Demarcay.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1838. No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 2e Series, Tome 68, Cahier 1. Pp. 1-112. With titlepage to vol. 68. Liebig's paper: pp. 1-42. Clean and fine. A few later leaves with some brownspots.‎

‎This milestone paper on organic acids, in which Liebig set forth the now accepted view, that hydrogen is the essential element in acids and that acid are salts of hydrogen. The paper appeared simultaneously in German (""Über die Constitution der organischen Sauren"") and French. The offered paper is the French version.""The paper on organic acids was one of Liebig’s finest achievements, reflecting the best of the attributes that had marked his previous work. He based his position on precise analyses of numerous compounds. Some concerned substances he had discovered, but many were refinements of analyses done by others. He had not originated the theories he defended, but had greatly extended approaches drawn from Davy, Graham, Pelouze, and others. Through his extensive knowledge of compounds and reactions, he was able to amass impressive evidence for his inferences. He displayed a realistic sense of the value and limits of theoretical conceptions. He utilized flexibly such currently accepted foundations of reasoning as the radical theory. He was able to weld these elements into a comprehensive, unifying whole. He took a major step in one of the most important revisions in general chemical theory since the acceptance of Lavoisier’s system of chemistry: a revision completed a few years later in the more universal statement of the hydrogen theory of acids by Liebig’s former student, Gerhardt.""(DSB).‎

Référence libraire : 44996

‎"WÖHLER, F. und J. LIEBIG.‎

‎Recherches sur la Nature de l'Acide Urique.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1838). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 2e Series, Tome 68, Cahier 3 entire issue offered. Pp. 225-352. Wöhler & Liebig's paper: pp. 225-336.‎

‎First French edition of this importent paper in the development of organic chemistry. It is the last joint paper of importence from ""these two men, ...pioneers in the development of organic chemistry, form a twin constellation in the chemical firmament""(Alexander Findley in ""A Hundred Years of Chemistry"", p. 23). The paper is a translation of ""Untersuchungen über die Natur der Harnsäure"", published at the same time in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie (1838), Wöhler and Liebig collaborated on one more major piece of work, a study of uric acid. (The paper offered). Wöhler suggested the subject, and the idea seems to have come from his medical interests. Uric acid was not easily obtainable–snake excrement was the only substantial source–and relationships with urea and allantoin were suspected by Wöhler. As a student he had won a prize in 1828 for an essay on the conversion in the human body of chemicals taken orally and excreted in urine. The technique adopted by Liebig and Wöhler was to subject uric acid, ad the derivatives they prepared, to oxidation and reduction by reagents of different concentrations and strengths. Wöhler seems to have been the first to heat reagents together in sealed glass tubes, but after an explosion he thought metal ones safer.Their 100-page paper described fourteen new compounds and their preparation and analysis.7 An attempt to establish a new radical called ""uril"" (C8N4O4) was less successful. Perhaps even more significant than the sophisticated, practical and theoretical organic chemistry was the new spirit revealed. Writing to Berzelius in 1828, Wöhler was doubtful whether animal substances could be prepared in the laboratory. In 1832 he began the paper on the benzoyl radical with a description of organic chemistry as ""the dark region of organic nature."" But in 1838 his work with Liebig led him to write (at Liebig’s suggestion): ""The philosophy of chemistry will conclude from this work that it must be held not only as probable but [as] certain that all organic substances, insofar as they no longer belong to the organism, will be prepared in the laboratory. Sugar, salicin, morphine will be produced artificially. It is true that the route to these and products is not yet clear to us, because the intermediaries from which these materials develop are still unknown, but we shall learn to know them.""(DSB).‎

Référence libraire : 45001

‎"BUCQUET, (JEAN BAPTISTE MICHEL).‎

‎Mémoire sur quelques circonstances qui accompagnent la décomposition du Sel Ammoniac par la Chaux vive, par les matières métalliques & par leur Chaux, relativement aux propriètés attribuées à l'Ait fixe. (Présent´1773). (+) Analyse de la Zéolite. (2 ...‎

‎(Paris, Moutard, Panckoucke, 1780). 4to. Extract from ""Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans"", Tome IX. Pp. 563-575 and pp. 576-592.‎

‎First printing of two chemical papers. ""In a research on sal ammoniac (the first paper offered), Bucquet, who criticised Black's experiments, found that dry carbon dioxide is not absorbed by quicklime, and concluded that fixed air and lime do not combine without intermediate, which is water. This is an early recognition of the effect of moisture on chemical reactions. Bucquet's work on gases overlaps Lavoisier's early researches...and probably provided him with much information.""(Partington III, p. 103-4). The second paper offered deals with the mineral Zeolite.‎

Référence libraire : 45006

‎"LAURENT, AUGUSTE.‎

‎Sur les Acides Pimarique, Pyromarique, Azomarique, etc. (+) Sur les divers Nitrites et chlorure Anthrocéniques. (2 Papers).‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1839) No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 72, Cahier 4. Pp. 337-445 (entire issue offered). Laurent's papers: pp. 383-415 and pp. 415-427. With general titlepage to volume 72.‎

‎First printing of two importent papers on organic chemistry in which Laurent used halogens systematically, and these led him to distinguish two types of reactions, (equivalent) substitutions and additions, and to develop his nucleus theory. ""A founder of modern organic chemistry, Laurent was one of the most important chemists of the nineteenth century. He considered the behavior of matter to be a manifestation of its intimate internal structure, which one cannot determine with certainty but which one has to investigate if one wants to understand. Laurent’s preoccupation was to construct a method that could guide the chemist forward along this path, from facts to their causes. He was the first chemist to intimately associate crystallo-graphic data and chemical studies. Louis Pasteur and Charles Friedel later followed the way.""(DSB).‎

Référence libraire : 45008

‎"LAURENT, AUGUSTE. - FIRST CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND THE ""SUBSTITUTION THEORY"".‎

‎Sur la Chlorophéniise et les Acides Chlorophénisique et Chlorophénèsique. (+) Sur l'Acide Camphorique. (+) Essai sur l'Action du Chlore sur la Liqueur des Hollandais et sur quelques Ethers.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1836. Contemp. hcalf with the orig. printed yellow wrappers bound at end. Spine gilt. Slightly rubbed along edges. Two stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 2e Series, Tome 63. 448 pp. (entire volume offered). Some scattered brownspots. Laurent's papers: pp. 27-45, pp. 207-219 a. pp. 377-389.‎

‎First apperance of 2 milestone papers in organic chemistry, in which Laurent ""converted Dumas' theory into a real theory theory of substitution by making the importent addition that when a compound undergoes chlorination, the chlorine takes the place , and, as it were, plays the part of the hydrogen, which is removed.""(Findley). In these papers Laurent published his table of chloridised compounds, many being then unknown. His table is THE FIRST ATTEMPT AT A CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS based on the generating hydrocarbonates. (Partington IV, p. 382-83). His system of classification had a profound influence on the development of organic chemistry.""A founder of modern organic chemistry, Laurent was one of the most important chemists of the nineteenth century. He considered the behavior of matter to be a manifestation of its intimate internal structure, which one cannot determine with certainty but which one has to investigate if one wants to understand. Laurent’s preoccupation was to construct a method that could guide the chemist forward along this path, from facts to their causes. He was the first chemist to intimately associate crystallo-graphic data and chemical studies. Louis Pasteur and Charles Friedel later followed the way.""(DSB).The volume contains other notable papers: Gay-Lussac (5 papers), Boussingault, Pelouze, Justus Liebig etc. etc.‎

Référence libraire : 45010

‎"STAS, J.S. (JEAN-SERVAIS). - ATOMIC WEIGHTS OF THE ELEMENTS ARE INCOMMENSURABLE.‎

‎Nouvelles Recherches sur les Lois des Proportions chimiques, sur les Poids atomiques et leurs Rapports mutuels.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson et Fils, 1866. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Wear to top of spine. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 4ieme Series - Tome IX. 528 pp., 2 folded plates. (The entire volume offered). Stas' paper: pp. 215-243. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎First French printing of Stas's importent (first) paper in which he demonstrates the incommensurability of the atomic weights, proving that atomic weights are not whole numbers or multiples of halv or a quarter of the atomic weight of hydrogen.""Stas demonstrated that the values of the atomic weights he had determined were neither multiples of unity, nor of one half, as Marignac believed, nor of one quarter, as Dumas maintained. This publication led Marignac to doubt the universality of the law of definite proportions. In three papers collectively entitled ""Nouvelles recherches sur les lois des proportions chimiques, sur les poids atomiques et leurs rapports mutuels"" (1865), Stas presented the results of an extensive series of experiments devoted to the new demonstration. By painstaking and accurate measurements he established that atomic weights were incommensurable, thereby disproving the facile conclusion that discrepancies with whole-number values were due merely to experimental errors. Prout’s hypothesis was thus discredited.""(DSB).‎

Référence libraire : 45026

‎"WURTZ, ADOLPHE. - THE DISCOVERY OF THE AMINES IN CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Mémoire sur une Série D'Alcaloïdes homologues avec L'Ammoniaque.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson, 1855. 8vo. Without wrappers. In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Series 3 , tome 30, December-issue. With halftitle to vol. 30. Pp. 385-508 a. 1 plate. (Entire issue offered). Wurtz's paper: pp. 443-506.‎

‎First appearance of the entire memoir in which Wurtz describes his outstanding discovery of Liebig’s prediction, that there might be organic compounds analogous to ammonia and derivable from it by the replacement of hydrogen - the amines. The discovery was announced in 1849, and a small extract was printed in ""Comptes rendu"" (4 pp.). The offered paper is the memoir in full.Wurtz is most noted for his investigation of glycols and for his discovery of the amines. The latter discovery in 1849 (the paper offered) was very significant at the time, for ot suggested the possibility of a new type, the ammonia type, which helped to explain the behaviour of nitrogenous compounds. (Leicester & Klickstein ""A Source Book.."", pp. 362-63). - Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1849 C.Charles Adolphe Wurtz, was born at Strasbourg 1817. For many years he was Professor of Chemistry at the Ecole de Médicine and at Sorbonne in Paris. He was known not only for his researches in organic chemistry but also for his many literary works. He was editor of a Dictionnaire de Chemie Pure et Appliquée, and after 1868 one of the editors of the Annalen der Chemie et de Physique. He died in Paris in 1884.‎

Référence libraire : 45031

‎"LAURENT, AUGUSTE. - INTRODUCING THE ""NUCLEUS THEORY"" IN CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Recherches diverses de Chimie organique. (+) Suite des Recherches diverses de Chimie organique.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1836. Contemp. hcloth. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 2e Series, Tome 66. 448 pp. a. 1 folded engraved plate. (Entire volume offered). Laurent's papers: pp. 136-213 a. pp. 314-335. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎First printing of Laurent's long paper in which he tried to develope the rules of substitution into a chemical system oforganic compounds, the ""Nucleus theory"". Laurent is considered one of the most importent chemists in the 18th centuryHis first theoretical efforts were largely taxonomic in character. He then began to develop a pictorial model based on atomistic representations as considered by earlier French crystallographers. Laurent’s ""nucleus theory"" or ""theory of derived radicals""located every substance at the intersection of two kinds of transformations: substitutions, which operate on the matter inside the fundamental radical and do not affect its general chemical behavior, and external modifications, which influence various chemical functions. (DSB).""In his studies of the derivatives of naphtalene, Laurent was impressed by the fact the the fundamental properties of these compounds remained, in spite of the various substitutions which took place in them. A certain nucleus seemed to impose its properties on all its derivatives. This nucleus theory was the basis for the unitary which was specifically formulated by Gerhardt.""(Leicester & Klickstein ""A Source Book in Chemistry"", p. 345).The volume contains other notable papers by Regnault, D'Arcet, Chevreuil, Rose, Gay-Lussac and Carlo Matteucci's importent memoir ""Sur la Propagation du Courant Electriques dans les Liquides"", pp. 225-313.‎

Référence libraire : 45079

‎"DAVY, HUMPHRY - FOUNDATION OF ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture, on some chemical Agencies of Electricity. Read November 20, 1806.‎

‎London, Philosophical Transactions, 1807. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1807 - Part I. Pp. With titlepage to Part I. Pp. 1-56 and 1 engraved plate (showing the pile used). A bit of browning to the plate and a larger brownspot in right margin. Otherwise clean and fine, wide-margined.‎

‎First printing of a MILESTONE PAPER IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY in which Davy shows that electricity is capable of decomposing the most stable elements.""Humphry Davy was one of the most brilliant chemists of the early nineteenth century. His early study of nitrous oxide brought him his first reputation, but his later and most importent investigations were devoted to electrochemistry. Following Galvani's experiments and the discovery of the voltaic pile, interest in galvanic electricity had become widespread. The first electrolysis by means of the pile was carried out in 1800 by Nicholson and Carisle, who obtained oxygen and hydrogen from water. Davy began to examine the chemical effects of electricity in 1800, and his numerous discoveries were presented in his Bakerian lecture to the Royal Society on November 20, 1806 (the paper offered here). His experiments, along the lines stated in this paper, lead to his discoveries of potassum and sodium in 1807 and the year after to barium, calcium and boron.(A Source Book in Chemistry p. 243). - Sparrow: Milestones of Science No 52. - Wheeler Gift: 2511.‎

Référence libraire : 45127

‎DAVY, HUMPHRY. - ELECTROCHEMISTRY DISCLOSING THE NATURE OF SUBSTANCES.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. An Account of some new analytical Researches on the Nature of certain Bodies, particularly the Alkalies, Phosphorus, Sulphur, Carbonaceous Matter, and the Acids hitherto undecompounded" with some general Observations on Chemical ...‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1809). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1809 - Part I. Pp. 39-104 and 1 engraved plate showing some of the apparatus used in his electrochemical researches. Fine and clean.‎

‎First printing of a historical paper in chemistry, in which Davy announced his isolation, by electrochemistry, of Calcium, Barium, Strontium and Magnesium, and claiming that boracic acid is metallic in nature and proposing the name ""boracium"". He further discusses chemical theory.""The objects which principally occupied Mr. Davy's attention in the present lecture are, the elements of ammonia" the nature of sulphur the nature of phosphorus, the states of carbonaceous principle in plumbago, charcoal, and diamond the analysis of boracic acid the analysis of fluoric acid" with a series of numerous experiments on muriatic acid."" (Abstracts).‎

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‎DAVY, HUMPHRY - PROVING THAT CHLORINE IS AN ELEMENT.‎

‎Researches on the oxymuriatic Acid, its Nature and Combinations" and on the Elements of the muriatic Acid. With some Experiments on Sulphur and Phosphorus, made in the Laboratory of the Royal Institution. Read July 12, 1810. (+) The Bakerian Lecture. ...‎

‎London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1810 a. 1811. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1810 - Part I. Pp. 231-257 and 1811 - Part I. Pp. 1-35. Both papers clean and fine. With titlepages to 1810, Part I and 1811, Part I. Titlepage to 1810 with a brownspot to upper inner margin.‎

‎First appearance of these importent papers in the history of chemistry in which Davy announces his proofs of the elementary nature of clorine, describing the preparation, physical and chemical properties of a new gas, which he called 'euchlorine'. It is unstable and explodes on heating to give chlorine and oxygen. Davy here suggested the name 'chlorine', from a greek work for green, because of the greenish colour of the gas.Thorpe said of this first paper ""As a piece of induction, the memoir is a model of its kind, and as an exercise in ""the scientific use of ofthe imagination"" it has few equals.""Davy's researches on chlorine are of an importence comparable with those on the alkali metals. Chlorine, first discovered by Scheele, was regarded by him as a *dephlogisticated muriatic acid"". As phlogiston was practically synonymous with with hydrogen to Scheele, this view was essentialy correct. Lavoisier, however, chiefly occupied with phenomena of combustion, assumed that chlorien was an oxide of an unknown ""radical"". Davy performed many experiments endeavouring to confirm the presence of oxygen and finally concluded that chlorine was an element.""(A Source Book in Chemistry 1400-1900, p. 244).‎

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‎"THOMSON, THOMAS & WILLIAM HYDE WOLLASTON. - THE LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS CONFIRMED - THE FOUNDATIONS OF ATOMIC THEORY.‎

‎On Oxalic Acid. Read January 14th, 1808. (Thomson) (+) On Super-acid and Sub-acid Salts. Read January 28, 1808. (Wollaston). 2 Papers.‎

‎London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1808. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1808 - Part I. Pp. 63-95 (Thomson) and pp. 96-102 (Wollaston:). Clean and fine. With titlepage to 1808, Part I.‎

‎First appearance of these two historical papers in chemistry in which Thomson and Wollaston, independently, presents experimental proofs of John Dalton's ""Law of Multiple Proportions"", and thereby laying the foundations of the Atomic Theory. - These demonstrations went far to influence chemists favorably toward Dalton's atomic theory. ""In January 1808 Thomson was the first to submit an experimental illustration of the law of multiple proportions, doing so at least four months before the publication of Dalton's ""New System of Chemistry Philosophy"" (1808). This paper, ""On Oxalic Acid"" also established a usefull method of determining empirical formulas.""(DSB XIII, p. 373).""This paper is also importent as he here introduces quantified chemical symbolism for compounds, a compound with, for instance, two parts oxygen (w) and one part carbon (c) being denoted by 2w + c."" (Parkinson in ""Breakthroughs"", 1808 C).""In 1808 he (Wollaston) described his experiments on carbonates, sulfates, and oxalates, which proved that the composition of these substances was regulated by the law of multiple proportions. These additional instances of the law were easely verifiable and were often mentioned as standard examples. Wollaston accepted that his findings were merely particular instances of Dalton's assertion that the atoms of elements united one to one, or by simple multiple relation.""(DSB XIV, p.488).‎

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‎"DUTROCHET, RENÉ JOACHIM HENRI. - A CLASSIC WORK ON OSMOSIS.‎

‎De l'Endosmose des Acides.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1835). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 2e Series, tome 60, Cahier 4. Pp. 337-448 (entire issue offered). With htitle to vol. 60. Dutrochet's paper: pp. 337-368.‎

‎First appearance of one of the classic papers in which Dutrochet investigated his discovery of OSMOSIS. ""Dutrochet’s research on the phenomena of osmosis and diffusion (or endosmosis and exosmosis, as he not very aptly called them) and their applications to the study of previously unexplained vital phenomena attracted general attention. His chief observation was that certain organic membranes allow the passage of water but stop the molecules dissolved in it, so that between two solutions of different concentration, separated by such a membrane, water passes from the less concentrated to the more concentrated, even against gravity. Although the conditions of Dutrochet’s experiments were rather simple and did not allow of great accuracy, he made the first important steps toward the study of osmosis and diffusion.""(DSB).Garrison & Morton: 670.‎

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‎PROUST, (JOSEPH LOUIS) - THE DISCOVERY AND ISOLATION OF GRAPE-SUGAR.‎

‎Memoire sur le Sucre de raisin" (+) Suite du Mémoire....sur le sucre de raisin. (2 Parts).‎

‎Paris, Chez Bernard, 1806. No wrappers. Ectracts from ""Annales de Chimie ou Recueil de Mémoires.."" Vol. 57. Pp. 131-174 a. pp. 225-272. With the titlepage to volume 57.‎

‎First appearance of a classic paper in which Proust describes his discovery of Grape.Sugar and the identificationof this with glucose. He investigated the varieties of sugar that occur in sweet vegetable juices, distinguishing three kinds, and he showed that the sugar in grapes, of which he announced the existence to his classes at Madrid, is identical with that obtained from honey by the Russian chemist J. T. Lowitz.Proust is famous for his work on the steadiness of composition of chemical compounds.""In chemistry, the law of definite proportions, sometimes called Proust's Law, states that a chemical compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass. An equivalent statement is the law of constant composition, which states that all samples of a given chemical compound have the same elemental composition. For example, oxygen makes up 8/9 of the mass of any sample of pure water, while hydrogen makes up the remaining 1/9 of the mass. Along with the law of multiple proportions, the law of definite proportions forms the basis of stoichiometry.""(Wikipedia).‎

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‎"VRIES, HUGO DE. - DISCOVERING PLASMOLYSIS.‎

‎Sur la perméabilité du Protoplasma des Betteraves rouges.‎

‎La Haye, Nijhoff, 1871. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. Frontwrapper frayed at edges and with some nicks. In ""Archives Néerlandaises des Science Exactes et Naturelles."", Tome 6. II,VIII,483,(1) pp. a. 10 lithographed plates, some in colour. De Vries' paper: pp. 117-126. Internally clean and fine, partly unopened.‎

‎First appearance of this importent paper on osmosis, in which De Vries gave the name of 'PLASMOLYSIS"" to a chemical concentration of the cytoplasm and linked it with the increased osmotic pressure outside the cell. he also introduces the concept ""isotronic"", denoting the ration of concentrations, the 'isotronic coefficient'.""In 1871 he was studying the changes induced in fragments of beetroot immersed in various solutions. The sugar and the cytoplasmic pigment never entered the bath. In contrast, if the concentration of cane sugar or sodium chloride in the external liquid were raised, the cytoplasm contracted, returning to its normal volume when exposed to pure ayer. The impermeability of the cell wall to cane sugar and sodium chloride and the ready passage of water through it was thus established. De Vries gave the name of plasmolysis to this concentration..""‎

Référence libraire : 45566

‎"AMONTONS, (GUILLAUME).‎

‎Experiences sur les dissolutions & sur les fermentation froides de M. Geoffroy, réiterées dans les Vaves de l'Observatoire.‎

‎(Paris, Jean Boudot, 1706). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences. Année 1705"". Pp. 83-87.‎

‎First printing.‎

Référence libraire : 45668

‎"FREMY, EDMOND. - TOWARDS ISOLATION OF FLUORINE FREMY'S SALT.‎

‎Recherches sur les Fluorures. Premier Mémoire.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson, 1856. No wrappers. Extracted from: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3e Series - Tome 47. Pp. 5-50. Textillustr. With titlepage to vol. 47. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎First appearance of Fremy's importent paper on the isolation of fluorine, a historic paper in electro-chemistry. The existence of the element fluorine had been well known for many years (since 1813, Davy), but all attempts to isolate it had failed and some experimenters had died in the attempt.""The history of fluorine is a tragic record. Marggraf described hydrofluoric acid in 1768, and Scheele studied it three years later. Lavoisier..., thought that all acids contain oxygen, but Davy showed that this one does not. Ampere suggested to Davy that hydrofluoric acid must be composed of hydrogen and an unknown element. Poul Schutzenberger expressed the belief that this unknown substance, fluorine, would be found to be the most active of all elements, and correctly predicted some of its properties. Ti is this extreme activity of the element that made its liberation such a difficult and dangerous task and brought agony and death to some of the pioneer investigators.""(Weeks p. 266-67). ""An important step was made by Frémy, Moissan’s first mentor, when he succeeded in preparing pure, anhydrous HF and also KHF2, so-called Frémy’s salt, expressed ""KFl.HFl"" using the notations of that time. Frémy had come very close to finding the solution by electrolysing anhydrous HF, molten calcium fluoride or potassium fluoride, but he seemed not to have had the idea of replacing these compounds by KHF2, perhaps because of the high melting point of the compound, TF = 293°C, which would have led to insurmountable technical difficulties."" Weeks ""Discovery of teh Elements"", p. 266 ff.‎

Référence libraire : 45677