‎Física‎

‎"MATHISSON, MYRON.‎

‎Die Beharrungsgesetze in der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie (+) Die Mechanik des Materieteilchens in der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. - [THE MATHISSON-PAPAPETROU EQUATIONS]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1931. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 67, 1931. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and title page, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 270-77" pp. 826-844. [Entire volume: VIII, 863 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Mathisson's two important papers (being his two first published papers ever) in which he presented the correct formulation of equations of motion of spinning bodies in general relativity today known as the Mathisson-Papapetrou equations. The two papers is essentially Mathisson's Ph.D. thesis since the original thesis not has been preserved.The Einstein-Mayer theory of 1932, the equations of motion of a spinning particle, is derived from the generalized field equations and are essentially the same as the Mathisson-Papapetrou equations.Those papers contain an implicit polemic with Einstein and his approach to the problem of motion. The first paper contains an essential generalization of Einstein's linearization of the field equation. Mathisson allows the back-ground metric to be curved. In the second Mathisson shows that nonlinearity of the field equation is not essential for obtaining from them the equations of motion. (Sauer, Myron Mathisson: What little we know of his life).‎

Referência livreiro : 49391

‎"MATTEUCCI, CARLO. - THE DISCOVERY OF THE ""CURRENT OF INJURY"" AND THE ""CURRENT OF REST"".‎

‎Note sur les phénomenes électriques des animaux" "‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1841. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome XIII, No. 10. Pp. (487-) 558. (Entire issue offered). Matteucci's paper: pp. 540-41.‎

‎"MATTEUCCI, CH. (CARLO). - MATTEUCCI'S ""RHEOSCOPIC FROG-EFFECT""‎

‎Sur le courant électrique des muscles des animaux vivants ou récemment tués. Extrait d'une Lettre à M. de Humboldt).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1841. 4to. No wrappers. In ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 16, No 4. Pp. (151-) 214. (Entire issue offered). Matteucci's paper: pp. 197-200. Some faint brownspots.‎

‎"MAUPERTUIS, PIERRE LOUIS MOREAU de.‎

‎Accord de Differentes Loix de la Nature qui avoient jusqui'ici paru incompatibles (15 Avril 1744).‎

‎Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1748. 4to. Recent blue boards. Issued in ""Histoire de L'Academie Royale des Sciences, Année 1744, Paris"", pp. 417-426. Bound with the engraved frontispiece and titlepage to the volume.‎

‎First edition. In this importent paper ""Agreement of several Laws that had hitherto seemed to be incompatible"" he showed that the behavior of light during refraction - when it bends on entering a new medium - was such that the total path it followed, from a point in the first medium to a point in the second, minimised a quantity which he again assimilated to action. These results were instances of his later (1748) formulated ""The principle of least action"".‎

Referência livreiro : 38730

‎"MAUPERTUIS, PIERRE LOUIS MOREAU de.‎

‎Loi du Repos des Corps. (20 Février 1740). [Historie de L'Academie Royale des Sciences].‎

‎Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1742. 4to. In a nice contemporary full sprinkled calf binding with five raised bands. In ""Historie de L'Academie Royale des Sciences"", Année 1740. Entire volume offered. Richly gilt spine and gilt boarders to boards. Extremities with light wear, especially to spine missing a bit of top of spine. Ex-libris pasted on to pasted down front end-paper. [offered paper:] pp. 170-176 + folded plate. [Entire volume:] (8), 631 pp. + numerous folded plates.‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK.‎

‎""On the Dynamical Theory of Gases."" Received May 16, - Read May 31, 1866. - [THE ""MAXWELL-DISTRIBUTION""S FINAL FORM - A MAIN PAPER IN 19TH CENTURY PHYSICS.]‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1867. 4to. Extracted and rebound in recent green plain wrappers. Title-page of vol. 157 pasted on to front wrapper. A fine copy. Pp. 49-88.‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK.‎

‎On Faraday's Lines of Force. - [MAXWELL'S VERY FIRST PAPER ON ELECTROMAGNETISM]‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1864. 4to. Extracted and rebound in recent green plain wrappers. In ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 10"" Title-page of vol. 10 withbound. A fine copy. Pp. (2), (27)-83, (1).‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK.‎

‎On the Induction of Electric Currents in an Infinite Plane Sheet of Uniform conductivity.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1872). 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. In ""Proceedings of the Royal Society"", Vol. XX [20], No. 132. Entire issue offered. Wrappers with light soiling and minor chipping with some loss to extremities, not affecting text. Fine and clean. Pp. 160-17. [Entire volume: 135-197].‎

‎First printing of Maxwell's paper in which he seeks to: ""determine the currents which are induced in an infinite plate of uniform conductivity and infinitethickness, and in a sphere or spherical shell of any thickness when in the presence of a varying magnetic system: and in any of these bodies When rotating near a constant magnetic system, round an axis which is normal to the faces of the plate or passes through the centre"" (From the introduction to the present paper"".‎

Referência livreiro : 47991

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK.‎

‎On the Theory of Compound Colours, and the Relations of the Colours of the Spectrum. - [MAXWELL ON THE RELATIONS OF COLOURS]‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1860). 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. In ""Proceedings of the Royal Society"", Vol. X [10], No. 39. Entire issue offered. Wrappers with a few brown spots, fine and clean. Pp. 404-408. [Entire issue: Pp. 319-494].‎

‎First printing of Maxwell's paper on a method of exhibiting the relations of colours.""Maxwell worked on the generation of white light by mixing different colors and in 1860, published the paper On the Theory of Compound Colours and its Relations to the Colours of the. In this paper, he extended the work of Thomas Young who first postulated only three colors, red, green and violet are necessary to produce any color including white and not all the colors of the spectrum are necessary as first illustrated by Newton. He also incorporated Hermann G?nther Grassman's concept that there are three variables of color vision (spectral color, intensity of illumination and the degree of saturation). Maxwell showed that these color variables can be represented on a color diagram based on three primary colors. While Newton distinguished his principal colors from the painters triad of primary colors (red, yellow and blue), he supposed the identity of mixing rule for lights and pigments. Even though Helmholtz explained that the mixture of color lights is an additive process while the mixture of pigments is a subtractive process as illustrated in Figure 2, Maxwell made experiments and developed a complete theory to explain how this happens by creating a color triangle which was originally suggested by James David Forbes and illustrated that any color can be generated with a mixture of any three primary colors and that a normal eye has three sorts of receptors as illustrated in his 1861 paper On the Theory of Three Primary Colours. He chose the three primary colors as red, green, and blue."" (Sarkar, Pp. 4-5). From 1855 to 1872, Maxwell published at intervals a series of valuable investigations concerning the perception of colour, colour-blindness and colour theory, for the earlier of which the Royal Society awarded him the Rumford Medal. The instruments which he devised for these investigations were simple and convenient to use. For example, Maxwell's discs were used to compare a variable mixture of three primary colours with a sample colour by observing the spinning ""colour top."".‎

Referência livreiro : 47992

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK.‎

‎On the transformation of surfaces by bending.‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1856. 4to. Extracted and rebound in recent green plain wrappers. In ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 9"" Title-page of vol. 9 withbound. Title-page with traces after removed stamp. Pp. (2), 445-470.‎

‎First appearance Maxwell's important paper on the transformation of surfaces by bending in which there are clear links between this paper and his geometrical representation of 'lines of force' in his first paper on the theory of the electromagnetic field 'On Faraday's lines of force' which ushered in a new era of classical electrodynamics and catalyzed further progress in the mathematical field of vector calculus. Because of this, it is considered one of the most historically significant publications in the field of physics and of science in general.‎

Referência livreiro : 54407

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK.‎

‎On the transformation of surfaces by bending.‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1856. 4to. Extracted and rebound in recent green plain wrappers. In ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 9"" Title-page of vol. 9 withbound. Title-page with traces after removed stamp. Pp. (2), 445-470.‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK. - OPTICS, ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM UNITED‎

‎""A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field."" Received October 27, 1864. (Abstract)‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1864). No wrappers, as extracted from""Proceedings of the Royal Society"". From November 19, 1863, to December 22, 1864, inclusive."", Vol. XIII. Pp 531-536.‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK. - THE ""MAXWELL-DISTRIBUTION""S FINAL FORM - A MAIN PAPER IN 19TH CENTURY PHYSICS.‎

‎""On the Dynamical Theory of Gases."" Received May 16, - Read May 31, 1866.‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1867. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", Vol. 157 - Part I. Titlepage to volume 155 and pp. 49-88. Titlepage with minor light browning at corners. Internally clean. A small stamp on verso of titlepage.‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK.‎

‎A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field. Received October 27, - Read December 8, 1864. - [THE MOST IMPORTANT PUBLICATION IN PHYSICS IN THE 19TH CENTURY - PMM 355]‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1865. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", Vol. 155. Title-page to volume 155. Pp. 459-512. Title-page with minor light browning at corners. Internally clean. A stamp on verso of title-page.‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK.‎

‎Die Elektrizität in elementare Behandlung. Herausgegeben von William Garnett. Ins Deutsche übertragen von L. Graetz. Mit in den Text eingedruckten Holzstichen.‎

‎Braunschweig, Vieweg und Sohn, 1883. Contemp. hcalf. Gilt spine with gilt lettering. First inner hinge weakening. XVI,224 pp., textillustrations and 4 plates. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK.‎

‎La Chaleur. Lecons Élémentaires sur la Thermometrie, la Calorimétrie, La Thermodynamique, et la Dissipation de L'Énergie. Edition francaise, d'apres la huitieme edition anglaise., par Georges Mouret. Prècédée d'une préface par M.A. Potier.‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars (as a paperlabel pasted on B.Tignot), (1891). Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. Unopened. Sewing broken on back. Nearly all of backstrip preserved. (4),IV,432 pp.Textillustrations. Scattered brownspots, mainly marginal. A good copy.‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK.‎

‎Matter and Motion.‎

‎London, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1876. Small8vo. Original blind stamped brown cloth. End papers renewed and first two leaves reinforced in margin. Repair to lower part of title-page affecting year of printing and small label ( ""S.L.M."") to p. 128. Extremities slightly rubbed, internnaly fine and clean. Pp. viii, (9)-128, (4).‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK.‎

‎On Double Refraction in a Viscous Fluid in Motion.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1873). 8vo. Uncut in the original printed wrappers. In ""Proceedings of the Royal Society"", Vol. XXII [22], No. 148. Entire issue offered. Wrappers with light soiling, spine lacking upper and lower part of paper, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 46-47. [Entire issue: 51 pp.].‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK.‎

‎Theorie der Wärme. Autorisirte Deutsche Ausgabe übersetzt nach der vierten Auflage des Originals von F. Neesen. Mit in den Text eingedruckten Holzstichen.‎

‎Braunschweig, Vieweg und Sohn, 1878. Contemp. hcalf., raised bands gilt spine. A few minor scratches. IX,382,(X-)XVI pp., textillustrations. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK. - THE ""MAXWELL-DISTRIBUTION""S FINAL FORM.‎

‎""On the Dynamical Theory of Gases."" Received May 16, - 1866.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1866). No wrappers, as extracted from""Proceedings of the Royal Society of London."", Vol. XV. May 16, 1866. Pp 167-171.‎

‎First appearance of this seminal paper (in the abstract-version from ""Proceedings""), representing the announcement of Maxwell's final ""Theory of Gases"" and introduces the ""Maxwell Distribution"" in its final form, a statistical means of describing aspects of the kinetic theory of gases, a theory, together with his electromagnetic theory, are considered to be some of the greatest advances in physics of all times. The paper offered, only 5 pages, is an abstract of a paper with the same title, which was printed in full in ""Philosophical Transactions"" in 1868. Everett considers this paper (1868) to be Maxwell's greatest single paper.The ""abstract"", which announces his discovery was printed the year before the larger paper. Maxwell's discoveries laid the foundations of special relativity and quantum mechanics.One of Maxwell's major investigations was on the kinetic theory of gases. Originating with Daniel Bernoulli, this theory was advanced by the successive labours of John Herapath, John James Waterston, James Joule, and particularly Rudolf Clausius, to such an extent as to put its general accuracy beyond a doubt" but it received enormous development from Maxwell, who in this field appeared as an experimenter (on the laws of gaseous friction) as well as a mathematician.In 1866, he formulated statistically, independently of Ludwig Boltzmann, the Maxwell-Boltzmann kinetic theory of gases. His formula, called the Maxwell distribution, gives the fraction of gas molecules moving at a specified velocity at any given temperature. In the kinetic theory, temperatures and heat involve only molecular movement. This approach generalized the previously established laws of thermodynamics and explained existing observations and experiments in a better way than had been achieved previously. Maxwell's work on thermodynamics led him to devise the Gedankenexperiment (thought experiment) that came to be known as Maxwell's demon.‎

Referência livreiro : 41873

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK. - THE KINETIC THEORY OF GASES.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - On the Viscosity or Internal Friction of Air and other Gases. Received November 23, 1865 (+) Postscript.- Received December 7, 1865. - Read February 8, 1866.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1866). Large 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London."", Vol. 156 - Part I. Pp. 249-268 a. 1 lithographed plate. A few brownspots to the plate. Having the titlepage to vol. 156 - Part I. A few brownspots to lower margins.‎

‎First appearance of a major paper in the kinetic theory of gases, in which Maxwell proved that the viscosity was independent of pressure as predicted, and nearly a linear function of the absolute temperature T.One of Maxwell's major investigations was on the kinetic theory of gases. Originating with Daniel Bernoulli, this theory was advanced by the successive labours of John Herapath, John James Waterston, James Joule, and particularly Rudolf Clausius, to such an extent as to put its general accuracy beyond a doubt"" but it received enormous development from Maxwell, who in this field appeared as an experimenter (on the laws of gaseous friction) as well as a mathematician.""James Clerk Maxwell published a famous paper in 1866 (the paper offered) using the kinetic theory of gases to study gaseous viscosity. The internal friction (the viscosity) of the gas is determined by the probability a particle of layer A enters layer B with a corresponding transfer of momentum. Maxwell's calculations showed him that the viscosity coefficient is proportional to both the density, the mean free path and the mean velocity of the atoms. On the other hand, the mean free path is inversely proportional to the density. So an increase of pressure doesn't result in any change of the viscosity.‎

Referência livreiro : 42764

‎"MAYER, J.R. (JULIUS ROBERT). - THE FIRST STATEMENT OF THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY.‎

‎Bemerkungen über die Kräfte der unbelebten Natur.‎

‎Heidelberg, C.F. Winter, 1842. Bound in a nice later hcalf. Raised bands, titlelabel with gilt lettering. In: ""Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. herausgegeben von Friedrich Wóhler und Justus Liebig"", Vol. 42. (6),356 pp. Mayer's paper: pp. 233-240. Volume 42 is offered bound together with vol. 41. (8),376 pp. a. 1 folded plate. (This volume contains importent cehemical papers by Kolbe, Cahours, Kopp, Wöhler, Laurent and Liebig (the first printing of Liebig's famous work on animal physiology and pathology)‎

‎First printing of one of the most important papers in physics, chemistry and physiology in the 19th century. The paper is the first to propose an equivalence of all forms of energy, including heat, and a conservation of total energy. Although Mayer was the first to set forth the general law of the conversation of energy (the first thermodynamical law), it was James Joule who first put the law on firm footing. ""The paper of 1842 (the paper offered) set out Mayer’s definitive view on the conservation of force and established his claim to priority"" historically the paper also provides insight into the processes through which Mayer arrived at his theory.""(DSB).""Originally trained as a physician, mayer did not enjoy medical practice. About 1840 he began to be interested in physics and he entered thhe field of research, ... In 1842 he not only presented a figure for the mechanical equivalent of heat, but he also clearly presented his belief in the conversation of energy. He had some difficulty getting his paper on the subject published but Liebig finally accepted for the importent journal he edited. Though Mayer was five years ahead of Joule his paper aroused no interest, and in the end it was Joule, with his imposing experimental background. who received credit for working out the mechanical equivalent of heat. And it was Helmholtz who recieved credit for announcing the law of conservation of energy because he announced it so much more systematically. Yet Mayer went further than either of the other two, for he included living phenomena in the realm of energy conservation (a daring step in a decade when vitalism, with its view that the laws of inanimate nature did not apply to living systems, was still a considerable force). Mayer argued that solar energy was the ultimate source of all energy on earth, both living and non-living. He further suggested that solar energy was derived from the slow contraction of the sun, or by the fall of meteors into the sun, in either case kinetic energy being converted to radiant energy.""(Asimov)""After 1860, Mayer was finally given the recognition he deserved. Many of his articles were translated into English, and such well-known scientists as Rydolph Clausius in Germany and John Tyndall in England began to champion Mayer as the founder of the law of the conservation of energy.""(Alan Lightman ""Great Ideas in Physics"", p. 8).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1842 P. - Magee ""A Source Book in Physics"", p. 196 ff. - Dibner: 157 (listing the offprint with a different title) - PMM: 330 (offprint-version). - Garrison & Morton: 606.‎

Referência livreiro : 46883

‎"MAYER, MARIA G. & EDWARD TELLER.‎

‎On the Origin of Elements. - [THE DISCOVERY OF THE NUCLEAR SHELL MODEL AND ""MAGIC NUMBERS""]‎

‎Lancaster, American Institute of Physics, 1949. Lex8vo. Volume 76, October 15, No. 8, 1949 of ""The Physical Review"", Second Series. Entire volume offered. In the original printed blue wrappers. Previous owner's name to vaguely stamped to top right corner of front wrapper. Minor traces of wear to extremities and a few small tears to spine. Overall a very nice and clean copy. Pp. 1226-1231. [Entire issue: Pp. 1005-1274].‎

‎First printing of Mayer's seminal paper which led to the finding of ""magic number"" and the Goeppert-Mayer ""shell model"". Marie Goeppert-Mayer and Marie Curie are the only two women to have received the Nobel Prize in Physics.The nuclear shell model is partly analogous to the atomic shell model which describes the arrangement of electrons in an atom. The nuclear shell model describes the structure of the nucleus in terms of energy based on the Pauli exclusion principle.""With Edward Teller in 1947, Marie Goeppert-Mayer began work on the origin of elements, which led to the finding that stable elements contained what would become known as ""magic numbers"", or patterns in the number of particles their nuclei contain. This ultimately led Goeppert-Mayer to the ""shell model"" of the nucleus - the theory that atomic nuclei owe their stability to the existence of relatively fixed ""shells"" or orbits upon which proton and neutrons travel. While other physicists also had envisioned a shell model, there was no convincing evidence until Marie Goeppert-Mayer, acting on a suggestion made by Enrico Fermi, and German scientist H. H. D. Jensen, working simultaneously but seperatly, discovered that spin-orbit coupling occurred within nuclei."" (Cullen-DuPont, Kathryn. Encyclopedia of women's history in America, 2000, p. 102) ""When Teller and I worked on a paper on the origin of elements, I stumbled over the magic numbers. We found that there were a few nuclei which had a greater isotopic as well as cosmic abundance than our theory or any other reasonable continuum theory could possible explain. Then I found that those nuclei had something in common: they either had 82 neutrons, whatever the associated proton number, or 50 neutrons. Eighty-two and fifty are "" magic "" numbers. That nuclei of this type are unusually abundant indicates that the excess stability must have played a part in the process of the creation of elements."" (Marie Goeppert-Mayer's Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1963)‎

Referência livreiro : 43514

‎"MEISSNER, W. & OCHSENFELD, R.‎

‎Ein neuer Effekt bei Eintritt der Supraleitfältigkeit. - [THE DISCOVERY OF THE MEISSNER EFFECT]‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1933. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Die Naturwissenschaften"", Vol. 21, 1933. A library stamp to title page, otherwise a very fine and clean. Pp. 787-788.‎

‎First printing of the influential Meissner effect which lead to the discovery of the phenomenological theory of superconductivity by Fritz and Heinz London in 1935"" The Meissner effect is an expulsion of a magnetic field from a superconductor during its transition to the superconducting state and it allowed the first theoretical predictions for superconductivity to be made""In the spring of 1933, in the course of these measurements Meissner and his colleague Robert Ochsenfeld observed a new phenomenon that contributed greatly to the understanding of superconductivity. The magnitude of the magnetic field measured between conductors was a function of the direction of the current, which could be explained by the role played by the earth's magnetic field. Therefore, Meissner and Ochsenfeld carried out the measurements of changes in the magnetic field close to the conductors when these were subject only to the earth's field, that is, without any current running through them. Before superconductivity set in, the magnetic lines of force penetrated the crystals with almost no resistance because of their low susceptibility. From what was known about superconductivity at that time, it was expected that the distribution of the lines of force would remain unchanged if the temperature were lowered below the threshold level. However, Meissner and Ochsenfeld observed an increase in the lines of force in close proximity to the superconductors. Meissner interpreted this result as follows: the magnetic field flux was displaced from the crystals when superconductivity set in the magnetic field flux that previously flowed inside the conductors was now flowing between the crystals."" (DSB)‎

Referência livreiro : 46974

‎"MEITNER, L. (+) FRISCH (+) H. VON HALBAN (+) F. JOLIOT (+) L. KOWARSKI.‎

‎Disintegration of Uranium by neutrons: a new type of nuclear reaction (+) Products of the fission of the Uranium nucleus [L. Meitner & Frisch] (+) Liberation of neutrons in the nuclear explosion of Uranium [H. Von Halban, F. Joliot & L. Kowarski] (+) ... - [NUCLEAR FISSION DISCOVERED - PMM 422 B,C,D.]‎

‎New York, Macmillian and Co, 1939. Royal8vo. In publisher's pictorial cloth with the original wrappers [in the back] with gilt lettering and Nature's logo to spine. Entire issue of ""Nature"", January - June, 1939, Vol. 143. ""Emmanuel College"" in gilt lettering to spine. Signs of label removal from spine, very slight wear to extremities, otherwise a very fine and clean copy. Rare in the publisher's binding. [Meitner & Frisch:] Pp. 239-40"" Pp. 471-2. [H. Von Halban & F. Joliot & L. Kowarski:] Pp. 470-1. [Frisch:] P. 276. [Entire volume: LIV, 1080 pp.].‎

‎First printing of these seminal papers in which nuclear fission is first described. ""In the famous paper by Meitner and Frisch [Disintegration of Uranium by neutrons], accordingly, the term nuclear fission is introduced."" ( Brandt, The Harvest of a Century). ""Experiments conducted in 1938 at Berlin by Hahn and Strassman were reported to Lise Meitner, an Austrian scientist who had fled to Copenhagen to escape religious persecution. She and her nephew, O.R. Frisch, working in Niels Bohr's laboratory, found the true explanation of this phenomenon. The interpolation of a neutron into the the nucleus of a uranium atom caused it to divide into two parts and to release energy amounting to about 200,000,000 electron volts. This process bore such a close similarity to the division of a living cell that Frisch suggested the use of the term 'fission' to describe it."" (Printing and the Mind of Man 422b, 422c). In the third article in the collection, Halban, Joliot and Kowarski established the theoretical possibility of a self-perpetuating reaction chain"" (PMM 422d).PMM 422b, c, d.‎

Referência livreiro : 46933