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‎"FEYNMAN, R. P. [INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON THEORETICAL PHYSICS].‎

‎Superfluidity and Superconductivity. - [FEYNMAN'S ONLY PAPER ON SUPERCONDUCTIVITY]‎

‎Lancaster, American Physical Society, 1957. Lex8vo. In the original printed orange wrappers. In ""Reviews of Modern Physics"", Volume 29, April, No. 2, 1957. Entire issue offered. Lacking backtrip and stamp to front wrapper (Langley Aeronautical Laboratory). Otherwise a fine a copy. [Feynman] Pp. 205-212. [Entire issue: Pp. 159-254].‎

‎First printing of the Reviews of Modern Physics issue entirely dedicated to the International Congress on Theoretical Physics held in Seattle, Washington, 1957. The congress turned out to be exceptionally important in the field of superconductivity and Feynman here presented his only paper on the subject even though he spend most of the 1950ies on precisely this. Feynman's work on the subject led directly to Bardeen's focus on the subject which eventually resulted on Bardenn, Leon Cooper, and John Robert Schrieffer published their famous BCS-theory paper in 1957:""John Bardeen, already well-known for his work leading to the discovery of the transistor, turned his full attention to superconductivity in 1951, having realized that the isotope effect identified the interaction between electrons that must be responsible for the phenomenon. The basic idea would be a Fermi-degenerate gas of nearly free electrons, with a weakly attractive interaction by way of the lattice phonons. Solving that problem - for example, finding the ground state of such a system - proved to be a difficult task. There was also the threat of powerful competition. Richard Feynman, one of the masters of quantum electrodynamics, could not help but notice the similarity between that problem and this one. By 1955, by then at the University of Illinois at Urbana, Bardeen decided that reinforcements were needed. He called up C. N. Yang at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, to ask for a postdoc versed in the kind of field theory one uses in quantum electrodynamics. Yang recommended Leon Cooper. At about the same time, one of Bardeen's graduate students, J. Robert Schrieffer, decided to work on superconductivity. The team was assembled. In the cramped quarters of the University of Illinois physics department, Bardeen and Cooper had to share an office, a hardship that did not prove to be an obstacle to progress. The team worked furiously in early 1957, driven in part by the feeling that Feynman was hot on the trail, using powerful new techniques they knew little about. However, it was not Feynman, but Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer who produced the microscopic theory"" (Goodstein, Richard Feynman and the History of Superconductivity).‎

Referencia librero : 50909

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‎"FEYNMAN, R. P. [INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON THEORETICAL PHYSICS].‎

‎Superfluidity and Superconductivity. - [FEYNMAN'S ONLY PAPER ON SUPERCONDUCTIVITY]‎

‎Lancaster, American Physical Society, 1957. Lex8vo. In the original printed orange wrappers. In ""Reviews of Modern Physics"", Volume 29, April, No. 2, 1957. Entire issue offered. Lacking backtrip and stamp to front wrapper (Langley Aeronautical Laboratory). Otherwise a fine a copy. [Feynman] Pp. 205-212. [Entire issue: Pp. 159-254].‎

‎"FEYNMAN, RICHARD.‎

‎Relativistic Cut-Off for Quantum Electrodynamics [In: ""The Physical Review. Volume 74, No. 10.""]. - [FEYNMAN'S VERY FIRST PAPER ON QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS (QED)]‎

‎Lancaster, American Institute of Physics, 1948. Royal8vo. Royal8vo. In the original green printed wrappers. In ""The Physical Review"", Volume 74, Second Series, Number 10, November 10. With cloth back-strip. Wrappers bound 1 mm lower than book-block, otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. 1430-1438. [Entire volume: Pp. (1271)-1567].‎

‎First edition of Feynman's very first paper on quantum electrodynamics (QED), being one of Feynman's most important publications which pre-dates his work on Feynman diagrams by a year. Feynman, Schwinger and Tomonago shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics ""for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"".‎

Referencia librero : 54016

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‎"FEYNMAN, RICHARD.‎

‎Relativistic Cut-Off for Quantum Electrodynamics [In: ""The Physical Review. Volume 74, No. 10.""]. - [FEYNMAN'S VERY FIRST PAPER ON QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS (QED)]‎

‎Lancaster, American Institute of Physics, 1948. Royal8vo. Royal8vo. In the original green printed wrappers. In ""The Physical Review"", Volume 74, Second Series, Number 10, November 10. With cloth back-strip. Wrappers bound 1 mm lower than book-block, otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. 1430-1438. [Entire volume: Pp. (1271)-1567].‎

‎"FEYNMAN, RICHARD.‎

‎Space-time approach to quantum electrodynamics. (+)The Theory of Positrons. - [THE BIRTH OF QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS]‎

‎Lancaster, American Physical Society, 1949. Royal8vo. In contemporary full red cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""The Physical Review"", Second Series, Volume 76, Number 6, No. 76. Entire issue offered. From the library of Dean E. Wooldridge. His name in gilt lettering to lower part of spine. Very fine and clean. Pp. 749-760"" 769-789.‎

‎First appearance of Feyman's landmark Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) illustrated but his famous Feynman-Diagrams which ""revolutionized nearly every aspect of theoretical physics"" (Kaiser, Physics and Feynman's Diagrams). The whole field of quantum electrodynamics advanced greatly because of this graphical formalism, which allowed researchers to communicate in an effective manner. Feynman, Schwinger and Tomonago shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics ""for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"".""At Cornell, Feynman perfected his approach to quantum theory, melding several of his prewar insights with the more pragmatic, numbers-driven approach he had honed during the war. One of his first tasks was to publish a long article, based on his dissertation, that presented a brand-new approach to quantum mechanics. Published in 1948 under the title, 'Space-Time Approach to Non-relativistic Quantum Mechanics'"" in the journal Reviews of Modern Physics, his lengthy article focused on the 'Lagrangian' function for a particle, a particular combination of kinetic and potential energy familiar from classical mechanics. The probability that a quantum object would travel from one location, x1, at a time t1, to some other location, x2, at a later time t2, Feynman showed, could be calculated by summing over-that is, integrating-all of the possible paths through space and time that connected these two end points. The contribution of each path to the total would be weighted by its classical Lagrangian function evaluated along that path"" hence, the technique became known as path integrals. The main difference from the standard formalism lay not in outcomes, but in conceptual approach. Werner Heisenberg and Niels Bohr had argued vehemently during the 1920s that quantum mechanics spelled the end for any type of visualization of the atomic domain. Feynman countered with an intuitive approach, built around picturing the paths of particles through space and time. His greatest success [with his Feynman-diagrams] came on the heels of this path-integral approach"" (DSB).""Feynman's two papers on QED [the two present papers] were completed in April and May 1949. In the first one, 'The Theory of Positrons,' he carefully explains the meaning of his diagrams beginning with their application to the Schrödinger equation. Application to the Dirac equation yields an interpretation of the positron in which Dirac's original hole theory is no longer needed. The second paper, 'Space-Time Approach to Quantum Electrodynamics,' contains the Feynman rules and explains their usage. By these rules, computations for specific problems are simplified so much that Schwinger, much later, said: ""Like the silicon chip of more recent years, the Feynman diagram was bringing computation to the masses"""" (Brandt, Harvest of a Century).Dean Everett Wooldridge (1913 - 2006) was a prominent engineer in the aerospace industry.‎

Referencia librero : 51593

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‎"FEYNMAN, RICHARD.‎

‎Space-time approach to quantum electrodynamics. (+)The Theory of Positrons. - [THE BIRTH OF QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS]‎

‎Lancaster, American Physical Society, 1949. Royal8vo. In contemporary full red cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""The Physical Review"", Second Series, Volume 76, Number 6, No. 76. Entire issue offered. From the library of Dean E. Wooldridge. His name in gilt lettering to lower part of spine. Very fine and clean. Pp. 749-760" " 769-789.‎

‎"FINKELSTEIN, DAVID.‎

‎Past-Future Asymmetry of the Gravitational Field of a Point Particle. - [INTRODUCING THE EVENT-HORIZON AND INITIATED BLACK HOLE RESEARCH]‎

‎Lancaster PA, American Physical Society, 1958. Royal8vo. In the original blue printed wrappers. In ""The Physical Review"", Volume 110, Second Series, Number 4, May 15. Previous owner's stamp to front wrapper, otherwise a very fine and clean copy. Pp. 965-967. [Entire issue: Pp. 793-997].‎

‎First printing of Finkelstein's landmark paper in which he identified the Schwarzschild surface as an event horizon, ""a perfect unidirectional membrane: causal influences can cross it in only one direction"". This did not strictly contradict Oppenheimer's results, but extended them to include the point of view of infalling observers. Finkelstein's solution extended the Schwarzschild solution for the future of observers falling into a black hole. This paper influenced Penrose and Landau and essentially triggered the black-hole research.""Many prominent doubting physicists were reluctant to accept the concept of a black hole, in large measurement because of the anomaly that the implosion of a star cannot be observed. Yet a particle inexorably falls into the center at r = 0 just as time marches on - because in general relativity time and space exchange roles inside a black hole (which has the making of another paradox). One solution, or at least reconciliation, of the observational black hole paradox was achieved only in the last decades. David Finkelstein (in the present paper) ascertained a new reference frame of framework for Schwarzschild space-time. Finkelstein's reference frame simultaneously covered all regions of space-time from the imploding star to distant reaches of space. This all-embracing reference frame is now called the Eddington-Finkelstein frame"" (Kreitler, Trends in Black Hole research, P. 6).‎

Referencia librero : 48939

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‎"FINKELSTEIN, DAVID.‎

‎Past-Future Asymmetry of the Gravitational Field of a Point Particle. - [INTRODUCING THE EVENT-HORIZON AND INITIATED BLACK HOLE RESEARCH]‎

‎Lancaster PA, American Physical Society, 1958. Royal8vo. In the original blue printed wrappers. In ""The Physical Review"", Volume 110, Second Series, Number 4, May 15. Previous owner's stamp to front wrapper, otherwise a very fine and clean copy. Pp. 965-967. [Entire issue: Pp. 793-997].‎

‎"FIZEAU, ARMAND HIPPOLYTE & JEAN BERNARD LÉON FOUCAULT. - CONFIRMING THE WAVE THEORY OF LIGHT.‎

‎Sur les phénomène des interférences entre deux rayons de lumiere dans le cas de grandes differences de marche. (+) Sur les phénomène des interférences entre deux rayons de lumiere dans le cas de grandes differences de marche, et sur la polarisation ch...‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson, Imprimerie de Bachelier, 1849-50. No wrappers. In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3me Series - Tome XXVI a. XXX., Juin 1849 a. Octobre 1850. (The entire issues offered). Titlepages to vol. 26 a. 30. Pp. 129-256 a. pp. 129-256. Fizeau & Foucault's paper: pp. 138-148 a. pp. 146-159, 2 folded engraved plates. Some scattred brownspots.‎

‎"FIZEAU, H. (ARMAND HIPPOLYTE). - THE FIRST TERRESTRIAL MEASUREMENT OF THE VELOCITY OF LIGHT.‎

‎Sur une expérience relative à la vitesse de propagation de la lumière. (Séance du Lundi 23 Juillet 1849).‎

‎Paris, Bachelier, 1849. 4to. No wrappers. In ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 29, No 4. With htitle a. titlepage to vol. 29. Pp. 65-96 (entire issue offered). Fizeau's paper: pp. 90-92. Stamps on title-page. Clean and fine.‎

‎"FLEMING, (JOHN AMBROSE).‎

‎On the Conversion of Electric Oscillations into Continous Currents by means of a Vacuum Valve. (+) An Instrument for the Measurement of the Lenght of Long Electric Waves, and also Small Inductances and Capacities. - [THE ""FLEMING-VALVE""]‎

‎London, Harrison and Sons, 1905. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. In ""Proceedings of the Royal Society of London"", vol. 74, No. 505. With new paper back-strip (presumably after having been extracted from a binding). Ex-libris (""Alan. A. C. Swinton"") pasted on to verso of title-page. Internally fine and clean. Pp. 476-487"" pp. 488-498. [Entire volume: Pp. (2), 447-518].‎

‎First printing of these two seminal articles, in which the basic principle of the modern wireless valve, also called the ""Fleming Valve"", is introduced for the first time, making radio-telephony and broadcasting possible. ""The immense superiority of the Fleming thermionic valve to all previous detectors of wireless waves caused it to be widely used as an efficient and reliable detector."" (PMM). When Lee DeForest perfected the ""grid"" in 1907, Fleming's wireless signals could be amplified to the degree necessary to make radio-telephony and broadcasting possible. The Edison effect was first described in a paper by William Henry Preece, who was shown an experiment by Edison ""On a peculier of Glow-Lamps when raised to high Incasdence"", 1885. This effect was known as the ""Edison effect"", and in 1890 Fleming, an electrical engineer who had worked with Edison Company in London and was now professor at University College, began a careful study of this phenomenon in carbon filament lamps. In 1904 he was able to demonstrate that this occurred not only with electric waves but also with wireless waves. He thus introduced the basic principle of the modern wireless valve, which permits only unilateral conductivity. (see PMM No. 396). From the library of Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton (1863-1930), Electrical engineer, member of the Royal Society.Shiers, Early Television. A Bibliographical Guide to 1940, no. 323 (for the first article here present)"" the article has been reprinted in George Shiers, ed. !The Telephone: An Historical Anthology"", 1977. PMM no. 396 (for the first article here present).‎

Referencia librero : 59850

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‎"FLEMING, (JOHN AMBROSE).‎

‎On the Conversion of Electric Oscillations into Continous Currents by means of a Vacuum Valve. (+) An Instrument for the Measurement of the Lenght of Long Electric Waves, and also Small Inductances and Capacities. - [THE ""FLEMING-VALVE""]‎

‎London, Harrison and Sons, 1905. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. In ""Proceedings of the Royal Society of London"", vol. 74, No. 505. With new paper back-strip (presumably after having been extracted from a binding). Ex-libris (""Alan. A. C. Swinton"") pasted on to verso of title-page. Internally fine and clean. Pp. 476-487" " pp. 488-498. [Entire volume: Pp. (2), 447-518].‎

‎"FLEMING, (JOHN AMBROSE). - THE ""FLEMING-VALVE""‎

‎""On the Conversion of Electric Oscillations into Continous Currents by means of a Vacuum Valve."" (And by the same author:) ""An Instrument for the Measurement of the Lenght of Long Electric Waves, and also Small Inductances and Capacities."" - [INTRODUCING THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MODERN WIRELESS VALVE (PMM 396)]‎

‎London, Harrison and Sons, 1905. Bound in recent marbled boards. Both papers extracted from ""Proceedings of the Royal Society of London"", vol. 74, With title-page to volume 74. Pp. 476-487 and pp. 488-498.‎

‎First printing of these two seminal articles, in which the basic principle of the modern wireless valve, also called the ""Fleming Valve"", is introduced for the first time, making radio-telephony and broadcasting possible. ""The immense superiority of the Fleming thermionic valve to all previous detectors of wireless waves caused it to be widely used as an efficient and reliable detector."" (PMM). When Lee DeForest perfected the ""grid"" in 1907, Fleming's wireless signals could be amplified to the degree necessary to make radio-telephony and broadcasting possible. The Edison effect was first described in a paper by William Henry Preece, who was shown an experiment by Edison ""On a peculier of Glow-Lamps when raised to high Incasdence"", 1885. This effect was known as the ""Edison effect"", and in 1890 Fleming, an electrical engineer who had worked with Edison Company in London and was now professor at University College, began a careful study of this phenomenon in carbon filament lamps. In 1904 he was able to demonstrate that this occurred not only with electric waves but also with wireless waves. He thus introduced the basic principle of the modern wireless valve, which permits only unilateral conductivity. (see PMM No. 396).Shiers, Early Television. A Bibliographical Guide to 1940, no. 323 (for the first article here present)"" the article has been reprinted in George Shiers, ed. !The Telephone: An Historical Anthology"", 1977. PMM no. 396 (for the first article here present).‎

Referencia librero : 39122

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‎"FLEMING, (JOHN AMBROSE). - THE ""FLEMING-VALVE""‎

‎""On the Conversion of Electric Oscillations into Continous Currents by means of a Vacuum Valve."" (And by the same author:) ""An Instrument for the Measurement of the Lenght of Long Electric Waves, and also Small Inductances and Capacities."" - [INTRODUCING THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MODERN WIRELESS VALVE (PMM 396)]‎

‎London, Harrison and Sons, 1905. Bound in recent marbled boards. Both papers extracted from ""Proceedings of the Royal Society of London"", vol. 74, With title-page to volume 74. Pp. 476-487 and pp. 488-498.‎

‎"FLETCHER, H. (+) J. C. STEINBERG.‎

‎Articulation Testing Methods. - [ARTICULATION TESTING]‎

‎New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1929. 8vo. Volume VII, October, No. 4, 1929 of ""The Bell System Technical Journal"". In the original printed bluish grey wrappers. A bit of sunning to extremities and a pencil-marking to top of front wrapper. Internally clean. Pp. 806-54.[Entire issue: Pp. 613-861.]‎

‎First printing of this very early study on the technique behind articulation testing. Harvey Fletcher pioneered in research within hearing and psychoacoustics and dominated all research in acoustics within Bell Systems in the period 1925 to 1950. Fletcher is often referred to as the ""father of stereophonic sound"".The issue contains the following papers:1. Dodge, H.F." Romig, H.G. A Method of Sampling Inspection. Pp. 613-631.2. Molina, E.C. Wilkinson, R.I. The Frequency Distribution of the Unknown Mean of a Sampled Universe. Pp. 632-645.3. Sivian, L.J. Speech Power and Its Measurement. Pp. 646-661.4. Wise, W. Howard. Asymptotic Dipole Radiation Formulas. Pp. 662-671.5. Darrow, Karl K. Statistical Theories of Matter, Radiation and Electricity. Pp. 672-748.6. Townsend, J.R. Straw, W.A. Physical Properties and Methods of Test For Some Sheet Non-Ferrous Metals. Pp. 749-805.7. Fletcher, H. Steinberg, J.C. Articulation Testing Methods. Pp. 806-854.‎

Referencia librero : 43719

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‎"FLETCHER, H. (+) J. C. STEINBERG.‎

‎Articulation Testing Methods. - [ARTICULATION TESTING]‎

‎New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1929. 8vo. Volume VII, October, No. 4, 1929 of ""The Bell System Technical Journal"". In the original printed bluish grey wrappers. A bit of sunning to extremities and a pencil-marking to top of front wrapper. Internally clean. Pp. 806-54.[Entire issue: Pp. 613-861.]‎

‎"FLETCHER, HARVEY & W. A. MUNSON.‎

‎Loudness, its Definition, Measurement and Calculation. - [FIRST PUBLICATION OF FLETCHER-MUNSON CURVES.]‎

‎New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1933. Royal8vo. Original full blue cloth. Volume XI!, 1933 of ""The Bell System Technical Journal"". Library stamp to front free end-paper. Minor bumping to extremities. A nice and clean copy. Pp. 377-430. [Entire volume: 7, (1), 537 pp.].‎

‎First edition of Fletcher and Munson's important paper in which they proved that loudness not only varies in intensity but also in frequency. Fletcher is today widely regarded as the father of stereophonic sound.‎

Referencia librero : 43024

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‎"FLETCHER, HARVEY & W. A. MUNSON.‎

‎Loudness, its Definition, Measurement and Calculation. - [FIRST PUBLICATION OF FLETCHER-MUNSON CURVES.]‎

‎New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1933. Royal8vo. Original full blue cloth. Volume XI!, 1933 of ""The Bell System Technical Journal"". Library stamp to front free end-paper. Minor bumping to extremities. A nice and clean copy. Pp. 377-430. [Entire volume: 7, (1), 537 pp.].‎

‎"FLINDERS, MATTHEW. - SURVEYING THE COAST OF NEW HOLLAND.‎

‎Concerning the Differences in the Magnetic Needle, on Board the Investigator, arising from an Alteration in the Direction of the Ship's Head. Read March 28, 1805.‎

‎London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1805. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1805. With titlepage to Phil. Transactions Part I. Pp. 186-197. Having also the titlepage to the volume (Part II, 1805). A few scattered brownspots and very faint browning to outer margins, otherwise fine and wide-margined. A small stamp to verso of titlepage.‎

‎"FOCK, V. [VLADIMIR ALEKSANDROVICH FOK].‎

‎Konfigurationsraum und Zweite Quantelung. - [FOCK SPACE]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1932. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering, In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Band 75, 1932. Entire issue offered. Two stamps to title page, otherwise fine. Pp. 622-647. [Entire volume: VIII, 850 pp + frontiespiece].‎

‎First appearance of Fock's seminal paper in which he introduced his algebraic construction used in quantum mechanics to construct the quantum states space of a variable or unknown number of identical particles from a single particle Hilbert space, often referred to as Fock space. Technically, the Fock space is (the Hilbert space completion of) the direct sum of the symmetric or antisymmetric tensors in the tensor powers of a single-particle Hilbert space H.""Between 1928 and 1934, Fok obtained important results in the quantum field theory. He completed the mathematical method of secondary quantization proposed by Paul A.M. Dirac and developed by Pascual Jordan and Eugene Wigner. It has been shown that this method does not go beyond the traditional framework of quantum mechanics (as Jordan argued) and that the two ways of description are completely equivalent. As early as 1934 Fok suggested describing a system with a variable number of particles (bosons) in the representations of the secondary quantization with the aid of a generating functional (""Fok’s functional"").In his papers Fok introduced a number of new notions. such as ""the Fok space"" (a Hilbert space in the representation of secondary quantization). In papers written with Dirac and Boris Podolsky (1932), Dirac’s results on interaction of charged particles by the exchange of virtual photons were extended. The one-dimensional problem solved by Dirac was generalized to the realistic three-dimensional case: the multitime formalism of Dirac, Podolsky, and Fok was introduced"" and quantum electrodynamics was formulated in its modern form."" (DSB).‎

Referencia librero : 49085

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‎"FOCK, V. [VLADIMIR ALEKSANDROVICH FOK].‎

‎Konfigurationsraum und Zweite Quantelung. - [FOCK SPACE]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1932. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering, In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Band 75, 1932. Entire volume offered. Two stamps to title page, otherwise fine. Pp. 622-647. [Entire volume: VIII, 850 pp + frontiespiece].‎

‎First appearance of Fock's seminal paper in which he introduced his algebraic construction used in quantum mechanics to construct the quantum states space of a variable or unknown number of identical particles from a single particle Hilbert space, often referred to as Fock space. Technically, the Fock space is (the Hilbert space completion of) the direct sum of the symmetric or antisymmetric tensors in the tensor powers of a single-particle Hilbert space H.""Between 1928 and 1934, Fok obtained important results in the quantum field theory. He completed the mathematical method of secondary quantization proposed by Paul A.M. Dirac and developed by Pascual Jordan and Eugene Wigner. It has been shown that this method does not go beyond the traditional framework of quantum mechanics (as Jordan argued) and that the two ways of description are completely equivalent. As early as 1934 Fok suggested describing a system with a variable number of particles (bosons) in the representations of the secondary quantization with the aid of a generating functional (""Fok’s functional"").In his papers Fok introduced a number of new notions. such as ""the Fok space"" (a Hilbert space in the representation of secondary quantization). In papers written with Dirac and Boris Podolsky (1932), Dirac’s results on interaction of charged particles by the exchange of virtual photons were extended. The one-dimensional problem solved by Dirac was generalized to the realistic three-dimensional case: the multitime formalism of Dirac, Podolsky, and Fok was introduced"" and quantum electrodynamics was formulated in its modern form."" (DSB).‎

Referencia librero : 49257

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‎"FOCK, V. [VLADIMIR ALEKSANDROVICH FOK].‎

‎Konfigurationsraum und Zweite Quantelung. - [FOCK SPACE]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1932. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering, In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Band 75, 1932. Entire issue offered. Two stamps to title page, otherwise fine. Pp. 622-647. [Entire volume: VIII, 850 pp + frontiespiece].‎

‎"FOCK, V. [VLADIMIR ALEKSANDROVICH FOK].‎

‎Konfigurationsraum und Zweite Quantelung. - [FOCK SPACE]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1932. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering, In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Band 75, 1932. Entire volume offered. Two stamps to title page, otherwise fine. Pp. 622-647. [Entire volume: VIII, 850 pp + frontiespiece].‎

‎"FORBES, JAMES D.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - On the Transparency of the Atmosphere and the Law of Extinction of the Solar Rays in passing through it.‎

‎(London, Richard and John E., Taylor, 1842.). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1842 - Part II. Pp. 225-273 a. 9 folded engraved plates. Rextfigs.‎

‎A pioneer research on the connection between the atmosphere and solar radiation. In 1843 he received the Royal Medal for a paper on the ""Transparency of the Atmosphere and the Laws of Extinction of the Sun's Rays passing through it.""‎

Referencia librero : 45965

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‎"FORBES, JAMES D.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - On the Transparency of the Atmosphere and the Law of Extinction of the Solar Rays in passing through it.‎

‎(London, Richard and John E., Taylor, 1842.). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1842 - Part II. Pp. 225-273 a. 9 folded engraved plates. Rextfigs.‎

‎"FOSTER, HENRY.‎

‎Account of Experiments made with an invariable pendulum at the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, and at Port Bowen, on the eastern side. etc. etc. The printed report on geomagnetism, velocity of sound, atmospheric refraction gravity etc. observed at Por...‎

‎London, W.Nicol, 1826. 4to. ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1826 - Part IV. With titlepage to Part IV. V,230 pp., 3 engraved plates, 1 large folded table and 16 other tables.‎

‎Henry Foster was involved with geophysical observations throughout his career in the British navy. Foster joined the Royal Navy in 1812. Early projects included surveys and, on a trip to South America with Captain Basil Hall, determination of the acceleration of gravity. In 1824 Foster was made lieutenant and became a fellow of the Royal Society. He performed most of his investigations while on expeditions to the Arctic in 1824 - 1825 and to the South Seas in 1828 - 1831. He spent the winter of 1824 - 1825 at Port Bowen, north of the Arctic Circle, as astronomer of an expedition led by Sir William Edward Parry" he studied geomagnetism, the velocity of sound, atmospheric refraction, and the acceleration of gravity. The Board of Longitude printed a detailed account of his observations. In 1827 Foster received the rank of commander and the Copley Medal of the Royal Society for these researches. In the spring of 1828 he sailed to the South Seas as commander of a sloop sent on a geophysical expedition, at the suggestion of the Royal Society, to study geomagnetism, gravity, meteorology, and oceanography.‎

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‎"FOSTER, HENRY.‎

‎Account of Experiments made with an invariable pendulum at the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, and at Port Bowen, on the eastern side. etc. etc. The printed report on geomagnetism, velocity of sound, atmospheric refraction gravity etc. observed at Por...‎

‎London, W.Nicol, 1826. 4to. ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1826 - Part IV. With titlepage to Part IV. V,230 pp., 3 engraved plates, 1 large folded table and 16 other tables.‎

‎"FOUCAULT, (JEAN BERNARD LEON) - EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR THE WAVE-THEORY OF LIGHT.‎

‎Sur les Vitesses relatives de la Lumière dans L'Air et dans L'Eau.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson, 1854. No wrappers. Extracted from ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3me Series - Tome 41. With titlepage to Tome 41. Pp. 120-164 and 1 large folded engraved plate showing the experimental apparatus. Some foxing throughout.‎

‎"FOUCAULT, (JEAN BERNARD LEON) - THE FOUCAULT PENDULUM FIRST GERMAN EDITION.‎

‎Physikalischer Beweis von der Axendrehung der Erde mittelst des Pendels. (Compt. rend. T. XXXII p. 135).‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1851 Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", 82. Bd., 3. issue (""Heft"" No 3, 1851). Entire issue offered. Pp. 337-464. Foucault's paper: pp. 458-462. With titlepage to volume 82.‎

‎First German edition of the famous paper in which Foucault presented his discovery of the proof of the rotation of the earth by the large pendulum, called FOUCAULT'S PENDULUM. It was presented by Arago at the meeting of the Acadey of Scieces on February 3, 1851.Since Léon Foucault’s public demonstration of his pendulum experiment, it has played a prominent role in physics, physics education, and the history of science. The Foucault pendulum is a long pendulum suspended high above the ground and carefully set into planar motion. The phenomenon described by Foucault1 concerns the orientation of the plane of oscillation of the pendulum. ""The experiment (with the pendulum) caused great exitement at the time. Heracleides had first suggested twenty-two centuries before that the earth was rotating and Copernicus had renewed the suggestion three centuries before. Since the time of Galileo two and a half centuries before, the world of scholarship had not doubted the matter. Nevertheless, all evidence as to that rotation had been indirect, and not until Foucault's experiment could the earth's rotation actually be said to have been demonstrated rather that deduced."" (DSB).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1851 E.‎

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‎"FOUCAULT, (JEAN BERNARD LEON) - THE FOUCAULT PENDULUM FIRST GERMAN EDITION.‎

‎Physikalischer Beweis von der Axendrehung der Erde mittelst des Pendels. (Compt. rend. T. XXXII p. 135).‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1851 Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", 82. Bd., 3. issue (""Heft"" No 3, 1851). Entire issue offered. Pp. 337-464. Foucault's paper: pp. 458-462. With titlepage to volume 82.‎

‎"FOURIER, (JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH).‎

‎Théorie analytique de la Chaleur. - [THE CONDUCTION OF HEAT]‎

‎Paris, Firmin-Didot, 1822. 4to. Contemporary half calf with gilt spine. Old paper label to top of spine. Two old stamps to foot of title-page and old inscription to top of title-page. Half-title browned, otherwise just a bit of mild scattered brownspotting. A mild damp stain to lower blank margin of ab. 20 leaves, far from affecting text. A nice copy. Plates with light brownspotting. (4), XII, 639 pp. + 2 plates.‎

‎"FOURIER, (JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH). - A PRECURSOR TO THE ANALYTICAL THEORY OF HEAT.‎

‎Note sur la Chaleur rayonnante.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1817. Contemp. hcalf. Gilt spine. Spine slightly rubbed. Stamps on verso of titlepage. In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", Tome IV, 2. Series. 448 pp. a. 1 engraved plates. (Entire volume offered). Fourier's paper: pp. 128-145. Clean and fine.‎

‎"FOURIER, (JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH). - FIRST PRINTING OF ANY PART OF ""THE ANALYTICAL THEORY OF HEAT""‎

‎Théorie de la chaleur. (Extrait).‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1816. Contemp. hcloth. Spine with gilt lettering. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."" Sweries 2, tome 3. (Entire volume offered). 448 pp. a. 3 engraved plates. A library stamp to some upper corners. Fourier's paper: pp. 350-375. A few scattered brownspots.‎

‎"FOURIER, (JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH). - THE GREENHOUSE - EFFECT.‎

‎Résumé théorique des Propriétés de la chaleur rayonnante.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1824). Without wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 27, Cahier 3. Pp. 225-336. (Entire issue offered). Fourier's paper: pp. 236-281.‎

‎"FOURIER, (JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH). - THE PHYSICAL THEORY OF HEAT.‎

‎Questions Sur la Théorie-Physique de la Chaleur rayonnante.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1817. Contemp. hcloth. Spine with gilt lettering. In: ""Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie"" 2e Series, Tome 6. - 448,(4) pp. a. 2 engraved plates. (The entire volume offered). Fourier's paper: pp. 259-303. A few scattered brownspots.‎

‎"FOURIER, (JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH). - THE PHYSICAL THEORY OF HEAT.‎

‎Questions Sur la Théorie-Physique de la Chaleur rayonnante.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1817. Contemp. hcalf. Spine with gilt lettering. Light scratching to spine In: ""Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie"" 2e Series, Tome 6. - 448,(4) pp. a. 2 engraved plates. (The entire volume offered). Fourier's paper: pp. 259-303. Internally clean and fine. Stamps on verso of title-page.‎

‎"FOURIER, (JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH). - TOWARDS THE ANALYTICAL THEORY OF HEAT - FIRST GERMAN EDITION.‎

‎Zusammenstellung der Eigenschaften der strahlenden Wärme. (Résumé théorique des Propriétés de la chaleur rayonnante).‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1824. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 2, Jahrgang 1824, Zwölftes Stück. Pp. 345-448 (entire issue offered). Fourier's paper: pp. 359-402.‎

‎"FRANCK, J. und G. HERTZ. - PROVING THE QUANTIZED MODEL OF THE BOHR ATOM AND PLANCK'S QUANTUM THEORY.‎

‎Über Zusammenstösse zwischen Elektronen und den Molekülen des Quecksilberdampfes und die Ionisierungsspannung desselben. (+) Über die Erregung der Quecksilberresonanzlinie 253,6 (u,u) durch Elektronenstösse.‎

‎Braunschweig, Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, 1914. Lex8vo. Contemp hcloth, gilt spine. Lower spine end a bit frayed, otherwise very fine. In: ""Verhandlungen der deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft im Jahre 1914"", 16. Jahrgang. IX,1072 pp. Franck & Hertz' papers: pp. 457-467 a. 512-517, textillustr. Fine and clean.‎

‎First apperance of the famous Franck-Hertz Experiment which is considered as a new and independent support, not only of Planck's quantum theory and Einstein's light-quantum hypothesis but also of Bohr's theory of the atom with stationary states of discrete energies.Franck and Hertz were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1925 for this work and Franck concluded his Nobel lecture with the words ""We know only to well that we owe the wide recognition that our work received to contact with the great concepts and ideas of M. Planck and in particular Niels Bohr.""""In their famous experiments, Franck and Hertz' showed that electrons could impart energy to a mercury atom only if they had a kinetic energy exceeding 4.9 ev., and that exactly this quantum of energy was taken up by the mercury atom, causing it to emit light of the resonance line Å 2537. It was the first direct proof of the quantized nature of the energy transfer and of the connection of the quantum DeltaE of energy with the frequency p = DeltaE/h of the light emitted as the result of the transfer. These experiments are rightly regarded as the first decisive proof of the reality of the quantized energy levels that had just been postulated by Niel’s Bohr..."" (DSB).See: Siegmund Brandt ""The Harevest of a Century. Discoveries of Modern Physics in 100 Episodes"", Episode 25, The Franck-Hartz Experiment (1914), pp. 102-104.The volume contains another importent paper ALBERT EINSTEIN ""Beiträge zur Quantentheorie"", pp. 820-828. First edition. ""In this paper.... two considerations are given which are interrelated by a common goal, inasmuch as it is attempted to derive two of the most importent achievementss of quantum theory, viz. Planck's radiation law and Nernst's third law of thermodynamics, in a new manner. The proofs do not involve Boltzmann's equation and are thus based enterely on macroscopic thermodynamics. They do introduce, however, the quantum hupothesis. (Einstein points out that the alleged 'proofs' which try to derive the theorem of Nernst from the mere fact that the heat capacity of all substances goes to zero at absolute zero temterature, are not genuine)."" (Cornelius Lanczos).Weil No 67.‎

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‎"FRANCK, J. und G. HERTZ. - PROVING THE QUANTIZED MODEL OF THE BOHR ATOM AND PLANCK'S QUANTUM THEORY.‎

‎Über Zusammenstösse zwischen Elektronen und den Molekülen des Quecksilberdampfes und die Ionisierungsspannung desselben. (+) Über die Erregung der Quecksilberresonanzlinie 253,6 (u,u) durch Elektronenstösse.‎

‎Braunschweig, Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, 1914. Lex8vo. Contemp hcloth, gilt spine. Lower spine end a bit frayed, otherwise very fine. In: ""Verhandlungen der deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft im Jahre 1914"", 16. Jahrgang. IX,1072 pp. Franck & Hertz' papers: pp. 457-467 a. 512-517, textillustr. Fine and clean.‎

‎"FRANCK, J. und G. HERTZ. - THE FRANCK-HERTZ EXPERIMENTS, NOBEL PRIZE 1926.‎

‎Über Zusammenstösse zwischen Elektronen und den Molekülen des Quecksilberdampfes und die Ionisierungsspannung desselben. (+) Uber die Erregung der Quicksilberresonanzlinie 256,6 (u u) durch Elektronenstösse.‎

‎Braunschweig, Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, 1914. No wrappers. In: ""Verhandlungen der deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft im Jahre 1914. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel"", 16. jahrgang, Nr. 10 a. 11. Pp. (437-) 494 a. (495-) 566. (Entire issues offered). With titlepage to 16. Jahrgang. The papers: pp. 457-467 a. pp. 512-517, 2 textillustr.‎

‎First apperance of these two groundbreaking papers constituting the famous ""Franck-Hertz Experiments"" giving the first experimental determination of Planck's constant not using blackbody radiation.""Thus, the experiments by Franck and hertz were later considered as a new and independent support not only of Planck's quantum theory and Einstein's light-quantum hypothesis, but also of Bohr's theory of the atom with sationary states of discrete energies. In 1926 Franck and Hertz were awardedthe Nobel prize for 1925.""(Siegmund Brandt ""The Harvest of a century"", Episode 25, p. 102).The Nobel Prize were given ""for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom"".‎

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‎"FRANCK, J. und G. HERTZ. - THE FRANCK-HERTZ EXPERIMENTS, NOBEL PRIZE 1926.‎

‎Über Zusammenstösse zwischen Elektronen und den Molekülen des Quecksilberdampfes und die Ionisierungsspannung desselben. (+) ¨Uber die Erregung der Quicksilberresonanzlinie 256,6 (u u) durch Elektronenstösse.‎

‎Braunschweig, Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, 1914. No wrappers. In: ""Verhandlungen der deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft im Jahre 1914. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel"", 16. jahrgang, Nr. 10 a. 11. Pp. (437-) 494 a. (495-) 566. (Entire issues offered). With titlepage to 16. Jahrgang. The papers: pp. 457-467 a. pp. 512-517, 2 textillustr.‎

‎"FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (+) BECCARIA.‎

‎Experiments in Electricity: In a Letter from Father Beccaria, Professor of Experimental Philosophy at Turin, to Benjamin Franklin, L.L.D. F.R.S. (+) Remarks on the preceding Paper, by Benjamin Franklin, L.L.D. F.R.S‎

‎London, Lockyer Davis, 1773. 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", vol. 51, part 2. Including title-page of volume. A fine copy. Pp. 513-530 + title-page and 1 folding plate.‎

‎First appearance of Beccaria's paper on various experiments in electricity.‎

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‎"FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (+) BECCARIA.‎

‎Experiments in Electricity: In a Letter from Father Beccaria, Professor of Experimental Philosophy at Turin, to Benjamin Franklin, L.L.D. F.R.S. (+) Remarks on the preceding Paper, by Benjamin Franklin, L.L.D. F.R.S‎

‎London, Lockyer Davis, 1773. 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", vol. 51, part 2. Including title-page of volume. A fine copy. Pp. 513-530 + title-page and 1 folding plate.‎

‎"FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (+) JOHN CANTON‎

‎A Letter from John Canton, M.A. and F.R.S. to Benjamin Franklin, LL.D. and F.R.S. containing some Remarks on Mr. Delaval's Electrical Experiments.‎

‎London, L. Davis and C. Reymers, 1763. 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", vol. 52, part II. Including title-page of volume (detached). A fine copy. Pp. 457-464 + title-page.‎

‎First appearance of this paper in which the relationships between the temperatures of various materials"") and their conductivity or non-conductivity is being discussed.‎

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‎"FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (+) JOHN CANTON‎

‎A Letter from John Canton, M.A. and F.R.S. to Benjamin Franklin, LL.D. and F.R.S. containing some Remarks on Mr. Delaval's Electrical Experiments.‎

‎London, L. Davis and C. Reymers, 1763. 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", vol. 52, part II. Including title-page of volume (detached). A fine copy. Pp. 457-464 + title-page.‎

‎"FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (+) WM. WATSON‎

‎An Account of Mr. Benjamin Franklin's Treatise, lately published, intituled, Experiments and Observations on Electricity, made at Philadelphia in America, by Wm. Watson, F.R.S. Read June 6. 1751.‎

‎London, C. Davis, 1753. 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", vol. 47. First leaf detached, otherwise fine. Pp. 201-212.‎

‎First appearance of this paper in which several of Franklin's most important electrical experiments are presented. An accomplished botanist, apothecary and electrical experimenter in his own right, Watson here summarizes ""a few of the most singular"" of Franklin's electrical experiments.‎

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‎"FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (+) WM. WATSON‎

‎An Account of Mr. Benjamin Franklin's Treatise, lately published, intituled, Experiments and Observations on Electricity, made at Philadelphia in America, by Wm. Watson, F.R.S. Read June 6. 1751.‎

‎London, C. Davis, 1753. 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", vol. 47. First leaf detached, otherwise fine. Pp. 201-212.‎

‎"FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN.‎

‎A Letter from Mr. Franklin to Mr. Peter Collinson, F.R.S. concerning the Effects of Lightening. Philadelphia, June 20, 1751. Read Nov. 14, 1751. (+) A Letter of Benjamin Franklin, Esq: to Mr. Peter Collinson, F.R.S. concerning an electrical Kite. Phil... - [THE KITE-LETTER - RECORDING THE MOST FAMOUS ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENT]‎

‎London, C. Davis, 1753. 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", vol. 47. Including title-page of volume. Title-page with repair to inner margin. Pp. 289-91"" pp. 565-70.‎

‎First appearance of both papers, one of them being the milestone paper in which Franklin describes his lightning experiment and proves what he had already conjectured, that lightening is an electrical discharge. Both of the present papers were to become part of his famous work ""Experiments and Observations on Electricity.."" assembled by his friend Peter Collinson, to whom the papers were addressed. The famous letter was also published in the ""Gentleman's Magazine"" for 1752.""Franklin was the first American scientist to achieve an international reputation, with his work on electricity...The most dramatic result of Franklin's researches was the proof that lightening is really an electrical phenomenon. Others had made such a suggestion before him - even Newton himself - but it was he who provided the experimental proof. In 1752 he flew a kite in a thunderstorm and attached a key to its string. From this he collected electrical charges in a Leiden jar and showed that atmospheric and frictional or machine-made electricity are the same. He went on to propose the fixing of iron rods at the top of buildings, masts of ships, etc., from which he conducted the electric charges they collected from lightening into the wet subsoil - the invention of the lightening conductor.""His reputation as a scientist was immediately established by the publication of the results of his researches in a series of letters addressed to Peter Collinson, a London merchant and naturalist, in 1751"" and the Experiments and Observations [ which collected all the Collinson letters not just those offered here ] remains the most important scientific book of eighteenth-century America."" (PMM 199).""Later, Franklin devised a second experiment to test the electrification of clouds (the first was the sentry-box experiment), one which has become more popularly known: the lightning kite. Franklin reported his experiments to Collison in a letter of October 1752 (the paper offered), written after Franklin had read ""in the public papers from Europe, of the success of the Philadelphia -Experiment for drawing the electric fire from clouds by means of pointed rods of iron erected on high buildings..."" Actually, Franklin appears to have flown his electrical kite prior to having learned of Dalibard's successful execution of the sentry-box experiment. The KITE LETTER, published in the ""Philosophical Transactions"", referred to the erection of lighetning rods on public buildings in Philadelphia. The lightening experiment caused Franklin's name to become known throughout Europe to the public at large and not merely to men of science. Joseph Priestly, in his ""History...of Electricity"", characterized the experimental discovery that the lightening discharge is an electrical phenomenon as ""THE GREATEST, PERHAPS, SINCE THE TIME OF NEWTON"".....the discoveries made in the summer of 1752 will make it memorable in the history of electricity,"" William Watson wrote in 1753. ""These have opened a new field to philosophers, and have given them room to hope, that what they have learned before in their museums, they may apply, with more propriety than they have hitherto could have done, in illustrating the nature and effects of thunder"" a phenomenon hitherto almost inaccessible to their inquiries.""(DSB V, pp. 134-35).The volume offered contains a series of other notable papers: T. Simpson (mathematics), Thomas Debenham (medicine), James Parsons (Phocae Marinae, the long-necked seal), W. Watson (the sex of flowers), Francis Blake (steem-engine), William Watson (An Account of Mr. Benjamin Franklin's Treatise, lately published, Experiments and Observations on Electricity...""pp. 202-211),Dunthorne (on comets), William Watson (""An Account of the Phaenomena of Electricity in vacuo"", pp. 362-376), J. Smeaton (Air-pump), Richard Brooke (surgery), Abbe Nollet (electricity from the clouds), W. Watson (electrical experiments in England upon Thunder-Clouds), etc. etc.‎

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‎"FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN.‎

‎A Letter from Mr. Franklin to Mr. Peter Collinson, F.R.S. concerning the Effects of Lightening. Philadelphia, June 20, 1751. Read Nov. 14, 1751. (+) A Letter of Benjamin Franklin, Esq: to Mr. Peter Collinson, F.R.S. concerning an electrical Kite. Phil... - [THE KITE-LETTER - RECORDING THE MOST FAMOUS ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENT]‎

‎London, C. Davis, 1753. 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", vol. 47. Including title-page of volume. Title-page with repair to inner margin. Pp. 289-91" " pp. 565-70.‎

‎"FRAUNHOFER, JOSEPH.‎

‎Kurzer Bericht von den Resultanten neuerer Versuche über die Gesetze des Lichtes, und die Theorie derselben. - [SPECTROSCOPY AND THE FORMULATION OF THE GRATING EQUATION]‎

‎(Leipzig), 1823. Wrappers blank. Uncut. Extracted from ""Gilberts Annalen der Physik und der Physikalischen Chemie"", Bd. 74, Jahrg. 1823, Achtes Stück, pp. (337-) 378. First and last leaves a bit browned.‎

‎First edition of this importent paper where Fraunhofer analyzed diffration phenomena and interpretet them in terms of a wave theory of light, leading him to formulate the GRATING EQUATION. - ""In the paper in 1823, Fraunhofer revealed his continued invstigation of diffraction gratings. Using a diamont point, he could rule up to 3,200 lines per Parish inch. He continued his study of the effect of oblique reays, developed formulations based on the wave conception, and calculated a revised set of wavelenghts for the major spectral lines. Thus, his earlier observations of the dark lines in the solar spectrum enabled him to make the highly precise measurements of dispersions"" then his ude of the wave theory of light allowed him to derive, with suitable simplifications, the general formulation of the grating equation still in use today."" (Reese V. Jenkins in DSB).‎

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