‎Biologie‎

‎"DARWIN, CHARLES.‎

‎Observations on the Structure and Propagation of the genus Sagitta. - [""ONE OF THE MOST ANOMALOUS ANIMALS IN THE WORLD""]‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1844. 8vo. In a nice later half morocco binding with five raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Blind stamped to upper outer corner of first leaf of table of contents. In ""The Annals and Magazine of Natural History"", volume 13. A very fine and clean copy. [Darwin's paper] pp. (1)-6 + 1 plate. [Entire volume:] viii, [1] - 528 + 14 plates (4 hand-coloured).‎

‎"DARWIN, CHARLES.‎

‎Om Arternes Oprindelse ved Kvalitetsvalg (Danish) + Arternes Oprindelse gjennem naturligt Udvalg (Norwegian) + Om Arternas Uppkomst genom naturligt Urval (Swedish). - [INTRODUCTION OF THE ""ORIGIN"" IN SCANDINAVIA]‎

‎Kjøbenhavn [Copenhagen], 1872 - (Kristiania [Oslo], 1890) - Stockholm, 1871. A very nice and harmonious set, in four excellent half calf bindings.1) The Danish translation: 1 volume 8vo. A nice contemporary half calf with gilding to spine and gilt title-label. Only light wear. Internally some light brownspotting. (19), XIII, 605, (1) pp.2) The Norwegian translation: 2 volumes small 8vo. Bound in two excellent, uniform, recent red morocco bindings in pastiche-style, with gilt lines to spines. The work is printed in quite bad paper, which is always yellowed and quite brittle. Thus, the first title-page has two small restorations from verso, far from arrecting printing. The second title-page had an old owener's signature and a previous owner's stamp. 379, (5)" " 383 pp.3) The Swedish translation: 1 volume large 8vo. Bound uncut and with the extremely scarce original front wrapper in a lovely later brown half morrocco binding in contemporary style, with five raised bands and gilt author and year to spine. Front wrapper bound on a strip at inner hinge and with a missing outer coner (far from affecting printing). Old owner's name to front wrapper. An excellent copy. XI, (1), 420 pp.‎

‎"DARWIN, CHARLES.‎

‎Om Arternes Oprindelse ved Kvalitetsvalg eller ved de heldigst stillede Formers Sejr i Kampen for Tilværelsen. Efter Originalens femte Udgave oversat af J.P. Jacobsen. - [FIRST DANISH EDITION OF ""THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES"".]‎

‎Kjøbenhavn, Gyldendalske Boghandel (F. Hegel), 1872. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine. Spine rubbed. A few light brownspots throughout. Otherwise a fine and clean copy. (10), XIII, 605, (1) + 1 plate.‎

‎"DARWIN, CHARLES.‎

‎Om Arternes Oprindelse ved Kvalitetsvalg eller ved de heldigst stillede Formers Sejr i Kampen for Tilværelsen. Efter Originalens femte Udgave oversat af J.P. Jacobsen. - [FIRST DANISH EDITION OF ""THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES"".]‎

‎Kjøbenhavn, Gyldendalske Boghandel (F. Hegel), 1872. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with 4 raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Spine rubbed. A few light brownspots throughout. Otherwise a fine and clean copy. (10), XIII, 605, (1) + 1 plate.‎

‎The Scarce first Danish edition (translated from the 5. edition) of Darwin's monumental ""On the Origin of Species"". ""In 1872 the book was translated into Danish by the young botanist J. P. Jacobsen. He was soon to become a celebrated novelist famous for Marie Grubbe - A Lady of the Seventeenth Century (1876) and Niels Lyhne (1880). In the early 1870's, however, he was still dedicated to science. In 1873 he received the University of Copenhagen's Gold Medal for his work on desmids, single-celled green freshwater algae. The Descent of Man was also translated by Jacobsen and appeared in 1874-75. ""In the early 1870s [With the Danish translation] the literary critic Georg Brandes started promoting Darwin's ideas as part of his liberal ideology and soon Darwinism became the mark of a new generation of intellectuals. Both the Steenstrup circle and the Brandes circle held Darwin in high esteem, but made completely different attributions to his theory. Consequently they both decided to raise money separately for the same Darwin. Darwin had borrowed the collection of barnacles from the Zoology Museum in Copenhagen with the help of Steenstrup. As a compliment Darwin sent him a signed copy of the Origin. Steenstrup acknowledged Darwin as an important fellow naturalist, but like many of his colleagues at the University of Copenhagen he never accepted evolutionary theory. The initial scientific reaction to Darwin's work on evolution by means of natural selection was respectful, but made few converts. memorial in 1882. Independently, Darwinism transformed as it became part of popular culture. ""(Kjærsgaard, Darwinism comes to Denmark)Freeman: 643. (PMM 344 - first edition)‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 52105

‎"DARWIN, CHARLES.‎

‎Origem das Espécies. [i.e. Portuguese: ""Origin of Species""]. - [FIRST PORTUGUESE TRANSLATION OF 'ORIGIN OF SPECIES'.]‎

‎Oporto, Livraria Chardron, de Lello y Irmao, (1913). 8vo. Partly uncut in the original printed wrappers. Spine cracked and front hindge with repair. Wrappers with a few nicks. Half-title with previous owners names. Internally fine and clean. XVI, 477 pp.‎

‎The first edition, in the rarely seen wrappers, of the first Portuguese translation of Darwin's ""Origin of Species"". The comparatively late translation is partly due to the Portuguese 'Frenchism' at the time. The first French translation appeared in 1862 and was also widely circulated in Portugal. It also appears that the translator, a doctor and professor (who was also a Mason, a self-proclaimed poet, and the founder of the Spiritist Society of Portugal) named Joaquim [Marques] Dá Mesquita [Montenegro] Paúl (1875-1946), used the French translation rather than the English original. This apparently led to a number of errors and mis-translations that rendered the work unfaithful, to say the least. Unfortunately, this translation continued to be reprinted for the rest of the century in the Portuguese speaking world, oftentimes by simply changing the name of the translator for a spurious name. The first Brazilian edition, in 1973, turned out to be nothing but an exact reproduction of the text of the Portuguese translation. It appears that even in the 21st century many of the purported new translations were still reprints of the first Portuguese edition. A proper translation from the English was made in 1982, but it was apparently condensed from the 6th ed. (1872). In 1985 a complete translation was published, but it was based on the first ed. (1859). In 2011 and 2014, finally, two different translations were published in Brazil that appear to be more legitimate, which, as a commentator avers (see links below) doesn't necessarily guarantee that they are faithful. Thus, the Portuguese OSS bibliography remains murky and convoluted to this day, and it appears to be a continuing saga. Therefore this late, defective first translation, seems to have been crucial to the understanding-or misunderstanding- of Darwin's OSS for Portuguese readers for the remainder of the century, and then some.The uncertainty regarding the publication year is quite puzzling for a modern book. Freeman (online) gives three different numbers (F743, F743a, and F743b, the latter being 1961 and 1990, both of which are by the same translator as the first), and he gives the date ""[?192-]"" and 1920 to the first. The entry in the Biblioteca Nacional de España states ""1924"", and two Brazilian libraries give ""1900's"" and the rather wide ranging ""1910-1992,"" a Portuguese university library states ""1900-80,"" and the Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal says ""1900."" The year 1925 is given to the only two copies in US libraries, the American Philosophical Society and The Huntington. In the links below, the commentators assign it to the year 1913, and even though they don't justify that date, they seem to be quite familiar with Portuguese OSS editions in general. The date 1913 is also given by Ana Leonor Pereira in ""The Reception of Darwin in Portugal (1865-1914)"" Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia T. 66, Fasc. 3, Evolução, Ética e Cultura / Evolution, Ethics and Culture (2010), pp. 643-660, which perhaps makes it more plausible As a final note, the 1961 translation at the Huntington purportedly by Eduardo Fonseca, is one of those spurious reprints with a made up name mentioned earlier. (http://catalog.huntington.org/record=b1703473 )(For a few commentaries on the different editions and on various Portuguese OOS translations and purported translators, see:http://observatoriodaimprensa.com.br/armazem-literario/_ed802_lendo_darwin_em_portugues/ andhttp://naogostodeplagio.blogspot.com/2009/10/miseria-pouca-e-bobagem.html )Freeman 743‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 55761

‎"DARWIN, CHARLES.‎

‎Priruchennyie zhivotnyie i vozdelannyie rasteniya [i.e. Russian ""The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication"". Translated from English with the consent and assistance of the author by V. Kovalevsky. Edited by I. M. Sechenov, botanical sect... - [THE VERY FIRST PUBLICATION OF DARWIN'S 'VARIATION UNDER DOMESTICATION' IN ANY LANGUAGE. ]‎

‎St. Petersburg, 1868 [but in fact 1867-1869]. 8vo. In contemporary half calf with renewed spine. Inner hindges with repairs and boards with soiling and a few marks and holes to volume 1. Light foxing throughout, primarily affecting margins and plates. Overall a good copy. IV, 443, (1): ill" " V.2: 462, (I)-VI pp.‎

‎"DARWIN, CHARLES.‎

‎Proiskhozhdenie chelovieska i polovoi podbor [i.e. English ""Descent of Man""]. - [FIRST TRANSLATION OF DARWIN'S 'DESCENT OF MAN' INTO ANY LANGUAGE]‎

‎S.-Peterburg, Izdanie redaktsii zhurnala ""Znanie, 1871. 8vo. In contemporary black half calf with four rasied bands and gilt lettering to spine. Corners of binding with repairs and a three cm long tear to lower front hindge. Light miscolouring throughout, especially to first 10 leaves. (2), VII, (6), 439 pp.‎

‎"DARWIN, CHARLES.‎

‎Put Jednoga Prirodoslovca Oko Zemlje. Part 1 (All that was published).‎

‎Zagreb, Tisak Kr. zemaljske tiskare, 1922. 8vo. Partly uncut in the original printed wrappers. Wrappers with light wear a few nicks. Internally fine and clean. (4), (1)-165‎

‎"DARWIN, CHARLES.‎

‎Shurjerkrya chanaparhordutyun BIGL navov [i.e. ""Voyage of the Beagle""]. - [EXCEEDINGLY RARE FIRST ARMENIAN TRANSLATION OF DARWIN'S ""JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES""]‎

‎Erevan, Academy of Sciences Armenian S.S.R., 1949. Large8vo. In publisher's original printed cardboard binding. Title printed to spine and front board. A pictures of The Beagle on lower part of front board. Binding with wear to spine, especially to upper part. Back board with a few stains. Internally fine and clean with many text-illustrations throughout. (4), 460 pp. + frontiespiece of Darwin.‎

‎"DARWIN, CHARLES.‎

‎Sposobnost rastenij dvischenijo. [i.e. The Power of Movements in Plants]. [translated by:] G. Miloradovich (+) A. Kobelyatskii, - [FIRST RUSSIAN TRANSLATION]‎

‎Kief, F. A. Johanson, 1882. 8vo. In contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Extremities with wear and spine lacking 1 cm of upper part of spine. Title-page with 8 numbers written in contemporary hand. Pasted down back end-paper with two small stamps, otherwise internally fine. VII, 433 pp.‎

‎"DARWIN, CHARLES.‎

‎Über die Entstehung der Arten im Thier-und Pflanzen-Reich durch natürliche Züchtung, oder Erhaltung der vervollkommneten Rassen im Kampfe um's Daseyn. Nach der zweiten Auflage mit einer geschichtlichen Vorrede und andern Zusätzen des Verfassers für d... - [FIRST GERMAN TRANSLATION OF ""ORIGIN OF SPECIES"".]‎

‎Stuttgart, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung und Druckerei, 1860. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. Small stamp and previous owner signature to title page. Leather on lower part of spine with a tear and part detached. Hinges weak but book-block firmly attached. VIII (including half, 520, (6) pp + 1 plate.‎

‎The very scarce first edition of the highly important first German translation, which appeared just months after the original.This translation came to play a tremendous role in the spreading of Darwinism in Germany and Northern Europe in general. It was through this translation that Darwinian thought reached most of the German scientists and thinkers of the period, and it was this translation that challenged German scholars to think in new ways about morphology, systematics, paleontology, and other biological disciplines. It was from this translation that Ernst Haeckel, Darwin's most famous nineteenth-century proponent and popularizer in Germany, got his Darwinism and was able to further spread the new ideas in his own country. The German translation of Darwin's ""The Origin of Species"" appeared in 1860, just months after the original, thanks to Heinrich Georg Bronn, a distinguished German paleontologist whose work in some ways paralleled Darwin's. Bronn's version of the book (with his own notes and commentary appended) did much to determine how Darwin's theory was understood and applied by German biologists, for the translation process involved more than the mere substitution of German words for English.""Its [Origin of Species] greatest impact on German biological practice lay in the introduction of historical modes of explanation for the observable phenomena of living nature. The historical approach to nature was rejected, not only by the opponents of evolution, but also by the idealist evolutionist. Whether they favored a teleological or a reductionist biology, the idealists could not see the point of a theory that emphasized the irregularities and exceptions in the organic world. In the timeless real of idealist thinking, unchanging laws worked out an inevitable destiny. But Darwin taught his followers to look at living beings one by one. Thus prompted, they recognized, as if for the first time, the surprising fact of anomaly and the wisdom of an open-ended theory."" (Glick, The Comparative Reception of Darwinism). ""Darwin was not happy about the first German translation. It was done from the second English edition by H.G. Bronn, who had, at Darwin's suggestion, added an appendix of the difficulties which occurred to him"" but he had also excised bits of which he did not approve. This edition also contains the historical sketch in its shorter and earlier form."" (Freeman).Freeman No 672 - Freeman does not mention the lithographed plate.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 50927

‎"DARWIN, FRANCIS. - PLANT GROWTH CONTROLLED BY HORMONES.‎

‎Observations on Stomata. Received May 31, - Read June 16, 1898.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1898). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" Year 1897, Volume 190 - Series B. - Pp. 531-621.‎

‎First printing of a classic paper on plant physilogy and plants growth, reporting his discovery of the stomatal responses to light. The fundamental concept that the growth of plants, and the interrelation between their parts, is controlled by hormones, stems from the classic work of Charls Darwin and his son Francis Darwin.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 45943

‎"DARWIN, KAROL [CHARLES DARWIN].‎

‎Podróz Naturalisty. [i.e. ""Journal of Researches""]. - [FIRST POLISH TRANSLATION OF DARWIN’S JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES]‎

‎Warszawa, 1887. 4to. In contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine and four raised bands. Spine with wear and top right corner (3 x 5 cm) of title-page lacking, not affecting text. Internally fine and clean. (4), II, 412, XVIII pp.‎

‎Extremely rare first Polish translation of Darwin’s Journal of Researches: ""His first published book is undoubtedly the most often read and stands second only to ‘On the origin of Species’ as the most often printed. It is an important travel book in its own right and its relation to the background of his evolutionary ideas has often been stressed.""(Freeman p. 31).Freeman 223‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 53495

‎"DARWIN, KAROL [CHARLES].‎

‎Dobór plciowy. Przetlomaczyl z angielskiego za upowaznieniem autura Ludwik Maslowski. [i.e. Polish: ""Descent of Man"", Translated by Ludwik Maslowski]. 2 vols. - [POLISH TRANSLATION OF DARWIN'S 'THE DESCENT OF MAN']‎

‎Lwów, Ksiegarnia Polska, 1875-1876. 8vo. In contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Previous owner's stamp and another owner's sginature to title-page. Light wear to extremities, otherwise a fine and clean set. 262, (2)"" 313, (3) pp.‎

‎Rare first Polish edition of the second and third parts of the Descent of Man, but published separate from the first part, as one work, hence the title 'Sexual Selection', a translation authorised by Darwin in response to Malowski's request to make the translation (Letter 8910, 14 May 1873). Whereas ""Origin of Species"" established Darwinism as a turning point in nineteenth-century biology ""The Descent of Man"" helped built a bridge between biology, the social sciences, and the humanities and made Darwinism a broad system of research designs, theoretical principles, and philosophical outlook.The numeration of parts is from Chapter I to Chapter VI (vol. I) and from Chapter VII to Chapter XIV (vol. II). It is generally based on the first English edition (1871) but at the end of vol. II the Polish publisher has added the short note on the brains of man and apes of T. H. Huxley, which was originally published in the second English edition (1874). ""It was translated into Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Polish, Russian and Swedish in Darwin's lifetime and into ten further languages since."" Freeman.Maslowski (1847-1928) studied medicine and natural sciences in Paris before returning to Poland, where he took part in the January Uprising: he remained active in politics, primarily as a journalist. At first an ardent Darwinian, he later became a fierce opponent.Not in FreemanDarwin Online: F1101b.1, F1101b.2.OCLC locates four copies worldwide (Cornell Univ., Huntington Libr., Yale Univ. Libr., National Library of Poland,)‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 55758

‎"DARWIN, KAROL [CHARLES].‎

‎O Powstawaniu Gatunków. [i. e. Polish: ""Origin of Species""]. [Translated by Szymon Dickstein]. - [FIRST FULL POLISH TRANSLATION OF DARWIN'S ""ORIGIN OF SPECIES""]‎

‎Warszawa, Przegladu Tygodniowego, 1884. Large8vo. In contemporary half calf. Spine with wear, lacking the upper 1 cm. Small stamp to title-page. Hindges weak and back board detached from bookblock. Verso of title-page and first leaf on content. 437, (1), XVI [Including the plate] pp.‎

‎First edition of the first full Polish translation of Darwin's ""Origin of Species"". An attempt to publish a Polish translation was made as early as 1873. This was, however, never completed and only half of the work was published (Freeman 739), thus making the present copy the very first full Polish translation. As seen in several other countries (especially in Japan) the majority of Polish intellectuals adopted a Social Darwinism perspective at a very early stage, rather than appreciating the English naturalist's caution in applying his ideas to human society.""Before the first translations of Darwin's appeared [...], many Polish intellectuals, such as positivist writer Eliza Orzeszkowa (1841-1910) complained about the increasing confusion over the essence of the English naturalist's ideas, which had all too often been mixed up with all sorts of ideological debates. However, when Darwin's books were actually available in Polish translations, the novelty of his concepts gradually wore off, making room for more serious attempts to come to terms with evolutionary theory."" (Glick, The Reception of Charles Darwin in Europe). ""It appears that the struggle for or against Darwinism in partitioned Poland prefigured a pattern that is relevant for Polish thinking up to the present day: the conflict of striving for progress with the help of powerful allies abroad and of virulently rejecting all foreign advice for fear of losing one's cultural identity."" (Ibid.).Translation was begun by Szymon Dickstein who in the processe of the translation committed suicide. It was completed by Józef Nusbaum who also translated 'The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication' in 1888.Freeman 740‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 56005

‎"DARWIN, KAROL [CHARLES].‎

‎Zmiennosc zwierzat i roslin w stanie kultury [i.e. ""The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication"", translated by Jozef Nusbaum]. 2 vols. - [RARE FIRST POLISH TRANSLATION OF DARWIN'S 'THE VARIATION OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS UNDER DOMESTICATION']‎

‎Warszawa, Wydawnictwo Przegladu Tygodnio, 1888-1889. Large8vo. In two uniform contemporary half calf bindings with four raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Top right corner (app. 3 x 5 cm) of both title pages cut off" volume 1 not affecting text, volume 2 missing the n in 'Darwin'. Light wear to extremities, otherwise a fine set. (2), X, 11-357, III" (2), 379, IV, VIII, V pp.‎

‎Rare first Polish translation of Darwin's extensive work 'The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication'. It is the longest work and, being so detailed, was never a very successful one, selling only about five thousand copies in his life time and eight before the end of the century"" (R.B. Freeman). Freeman 922.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 53153

‎"DE VRIES, HUGO. - THE REDISCOVERY OF MENDEL'S LAWS - THE BIRTH OF MODERN GENETICS.‎

‎Sur la loi de disjonction des hybrides. (The Law of Segregation of Hybrides - Das Spaltungsgesetzt der Bastarde).‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1900. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 130, No 13. Titlepage and half-title to tome 130 included. Pp. (809-) 864. (Entire issue offered). De Vries paper: pp. 845-847. Clean and fine.‎

‎"DUHAMEL DU MONCEAU, H.L.‎

‎Des Semis et Plantations des Arbres et de leur Culture ou méthodes pour multiplier et elever les Arbres, les Planter en Massifs et en Avenues former les Forets & les Bois‎

‎Paris, Veuve Desaint, 1780. 4to. In fine contemporary motted full calf with five raised bands and gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. A bit of wear to extremities, mainly to lower part of hindges, otherwise a very fine and clean copy. LXXXII, 420, (2) pp. + 16 folded plates.‎

‎Second edition of Duhamel's important work on tree cultivation. ""Duhamel's tree-planting on both his own estate and his brother's provided the practical experience behind his books as he explained in the preface to 'Semis et Plantations' . The sections of the book discuss the soil, the climate, and the choice of the trees" their propagation nursery gardens planting" forests, and maintenance and re-afforestation, with all instuments based firmly on the author's long experience of forestry"" (S. Raphael. An Oak Spring Sylva p. 10)‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 60161

‎"GALTON, FRANCIS.‎

‎""The Patterns in Thumb and Finger Marks" " on their Arrangement into naturally distinct Classees, the Permanence of the Papillary Ridges that make them, and the Resemblance of their Classes to ordinary Genera."" ( (And same author:) ""Methods of indexing ... - [FINGER-PRINTS AND CRIMINOLOGY]‎

‎Lindon, Harrison and Sons, 1890-91. Bound together in recent marbled boards. With both titlepages to vols 48 and 49 (both 1891) in ""Proceedings of the Royal Society of London"" pp. 455-459 (in vol. 48) and pp. 540-548.‎

‎"GALTON, FRANCIS. - FIRST BOOK OF THE STATISTICAL STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL VARIATION.‎

‎Natural Inheritance.‎

‎London and New York, Macmillan and Co., 1889. Orig. full cloth, uncut. Light wear along edges. Part of hinges neathly repaired. Small tears to spine ends. IX,(4),259,(3) pp. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎"GALTON, FRANCIS.- THE LAW OF ANCESTRAL HEREDITY.‎

‎The average Contribution of each several Ancestor to the total heritage of the Offspring. Received and Read June 3, 1897.‎

‎London, Harrison and Sons, 1897. No wrappers. Extracted from ""Proceedings of the Royal Society"", Vol. 61. Pp. 401-413.‎

‎"GAMOW, G.‎

‎Possible Relation Between Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Protein Structures. - [GAMOW'S DISCOVERY OF NUCLEOTIDES]‎

‎London, Macmillian and Co, 1954. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary full cloth with title to spine. In ""Nature"", Vol. 173, 1968. Library stamp to upper right corner of title page, otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. 709-13. [Entier volume: LXVVI, 1246 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Gamow's exceedingly influential discovery of four different kinds of acino-acids, nucleotides, which were to influence Watson and Crick in their further work. To Gamow, most famous for his work within physics and cosmology, this was a highly unfamiliar field. His work was described as: ""perhaps the last example of amateurism in scientific work on a grand scale"".""In early 1954, less than a year after J. D. Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double helical structure of DNA, Gamow recognized that the information contained in the four different kinds of nucleotides (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine) constituting the DNA chains could be translated into the sequence of twenty amino acids which form protein molecules by counting all possible triplets one can form from four different quantities. This remarkable way in which Gamow could rapidly enter a more or less unfamiliar field at the forefront of its activity and make a highly creative contribution to it, often far more by intuition than by calculation, led Ulam to characterize his work as ""perhaps the last example of amateurism in scientific work on a grand scale."" It earned him membership in a number of professional societies-American Physical Society, Washington Philosophical Society, International Astronomical Union, American Astronomical Society, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters-as well as an overseas fellowship in Churchill College, Cambridge."" (DSB)""Even as he was starting research in relativistic cosmogony, Gamow came to think that the time was nearly ripe for phys-ics to help biology move beyond its descriptive stage. This perception probably derived from Erwin Schrödinger's What Is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell (1945) and his longtime friend Max Delbrück's successful migration from theoretical physics to experimental genetics. In any case, Gamow got so caught up with the idea that rejecting his initial plans to revive the Washington conferences with one focused on cosmogony, he instead devoted the first postwar gathering to ""the physics of living matter."" His preparations for the conference held in the fall of 1946, and his subse-quent endeavours to promote the infusion of more physics into biology, led Gamow to believe by the early 1950s that the central ""riddle of life"" is how each species' genes shape its distinctive proteins. But lacking any notion about the molecular structure of genes, he could not imagine how to formulate this enigma in a tangible way.In June 1953 Gamow got an idea for doing so from reading James Watson and Francis Crick's soon-to-be-famous Nature paper on DNA's structure. Confident that they were on the right track, he impulsively introduced himself to them by letter, praising them for their success in moving biology into the ""exact' sciences"" and expressing his hope that he could meet with them in England at the end of the summer to talk about the possibility of using combinatorics to tackle genetic problems. As both were planning to be away then, Watson discussed Gamow's letter briefly with Crick, then filed it away. In late October, undeterred by their failure to respond, Gamow sent a short note off to Nature on a ""Possible Relation between Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Protein Structures"" (1954). He opened by crediting Watson and Crick with having established that the basic hereditary materials are DNA molecules. Then he daringly outlined what soon evolved into the protein-coding research program. He proposed that each organism's DNA ""could be characterized by a long number written in a four-digital system"" that ""completely determined"" the composition of its unique complement of proteins, which in turn ""are long peptide chains formed by about 20 different amino-acids [that] can be considered as 'long' words based on a 20-letter alphabet."" The problem to be solved was how these ""four-digital 26 numbers [are] translated into such 'words.'"" Gamow closed by suggesting how this might be done and promising that a fuller account would be published elsewhere.During the next few months, Gamow plunged into work on the protein-coding problem. He wrote up an expanded version of his note in Nature for the National Academy of Sciences' Proceedings and, when it was not accepted there-possibly because Gamow jokingly listed his fictional character Tompkins as co-author-submitted it successfully (without Tompkins as co-author) to the Royal Danish Society of Sciences' biological series. He also spurred first Crick, then Watson, and then many other researchers-especially those associated with Caltech's Delbrück and Berkeley's Gunther Stent-to join the enterprise of identifying how DNAcoded proteins. As this growing research circle reviewed prior and ongoing experimental work of relevance, a consensus soon emerged that DNA did not serve as a simple template in protein synthesis. It appeared instead that the coding might be a two-step process in which DNA first coded RNA and then RNA coded proteins. Although initially resisting this view, Gamow ended up as the ""synthesizer"" in the ""RNATie Club,"" founded in mid-1954 to foster the circle's informal communications and camaraderie.Gamow's involvement in the expanding circle of coding researchers remained intense for another year and a half. He found it stimulating to be once again on the wave crest of an exciting new specialty. Just as important if not more so, he enjoyed being at the center of the ambitious circle's partying and joking. But starting in late 1955, years before a consensus emerged about the coding of proteins, Gamow's engagement with the problem wilted. One reason was that his marriage of 23years had just fallen apart. Asecond, and more compelling reason was that, as he had experienced toward the end of his active participation in nuclear, stellar, and cosmogonical researches, he was getting bored with coding research because the opportunities for someone with his freewheeling style were ever more limited in this increasingly competitive and empirically constrained field"" (George Gamow: A Biographical Memoir, National Academy of Sciences).‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46966

‎"GASKELL, WALTER HOLBROOK - A CLASSIC PAPER IN NEUROSCIENCE.‎

‎The Croonian Lecture. - On the Rhytm of the Heart and the Frog, and the Nature of the Action of the Vagus Nerve. Read December 22, 1881.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1883). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" Year 1882, Volume 173 - 1883. - Pp. 993-1033 and 5 plates (1 heliogravure (instrument), 4 folded recordings).‎

‎First edition of Gaskell's classic in neuroscience on the musculature and innervation of the heart.""In the Croonian lecture for 1881, dealing with the frog heart, Gaskell presented an important new method for studying heart action (later named the ""suspension method"") and insisted that cardiac inhibition depended less on nerve or ganglionic mechanisms than on the inherent properties of the cardiac musculature. The role of the vagus nerve in inhibition was reduced to that of being the “trophic” (anabolic) nerve of the cardiac muscle. Yet in the same lecture Gaskell produced impressive evidence against Foster’s myogenic theory of rhythmicity and advocated instead the neurogenic view that discontinuous ganglionic discharges are responsible for the rhythmicity of the normal heartbeat. The background to this defection was exceedingly complex, but it derived from an initial assumption (which Foster himself accepted) that ganglionic impulses - whatever their role in rhythmicity - are somehow involved in coordinating the normal sequence of the vertebrate heartbeat.""(DSB).Garrison & Morton, 829.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 51495

‎"GEOFFROY, CLAUDE-JOSEPH. - FIRST DELINEATION OF POLLEN GRAINS.‎

‎Observations sur la structure & l'usage des principales parties des Fleurs.‎

‎(Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1714). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences. Année 1711"". Pp. 210-234 and 1 engraved plate. Clean and fine.‎

‎First edition. In this paper Geoffroy supported the views of Grew and others as to the sexes of plants and he here produced the first illustrations of pollen grains in the literature (the engraved plate). He states that the germ is never to be seen in the seed till the apices (anthers) shed their dust" and that if the stamina be cut out before the apices open, the seed will either not ripen, or be barren if it ripens. He mentions two experiments made by him to prove this one by cut ting off the staminal flowers in Maize, and the other by rearing the female plant of Mercurialis apart from the male. In these instances most of the flowers were abortive, but a few were fertile, which he attributes to the dust of the apices having been wafted by the wind from other plants.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 53260

‎"GRAHAM, THOMAS. - THE FOUNDATION OF COLLOID CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Liquid Diffusion applied to Analysis.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1854). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1861, Vol. 151 - Part I. Pp. 183-224, textillustrations.‎

‎First printing of a groundbreaking paper in biochemistry and physiology, as Graham here introduced the distinction between colloidal and crystalloid substances by his method of separating animal and other fluids.""Although some isolated investigations on colloids had been carried out before Graham, his publications in this field laid the foundations of colloid chemistry. In ""On the Diffusion of Liquids,"" Graham applied to liquids the exact method of inquiry he had applied to gases twenty years before, and he succeeded in placing the subject of liquid diffusion on about the same footing as that to which he had raised the subject of gaseous diffusion prior to the discovery of his numerical law. He showed that the rate of diffusion was approximately proportional to the concentration of the original solution, increased with rise in temperature, and was almost constant for groups of chemically similar salts at equal absolute (not molecular) concentrations and different with different groups.""(DSB).Garrison & Morton: 688.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 49415