‎Thé‎

‎"DE GEER, (CHARLES). - ON THE GLOW-WORM.‎

‎Mémoire sur un Ver luisant femelle, et sur sa Transformation.‎

‎(Paris, Imprimerie Royale, 1755). 4to. Extract from ""Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans"", Tome II. Pp. 261-275 and 1 engraved plate.‎

‎First printing of De Geer's study of the Glow-worm.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 45937

‎"LINDNER, DAVID JONATHAN. - ILLUSTRATING THE BIBLE IN 100 LARGE ENGRAVINGS.‎

‎The holy Scripture of the old and new testament in one hundred copper-plates represented accordingly to the order of the books in the bible. With historical explanations. Translated into English by J.A.E. Schmidt.‎

‎Leipzig, Edward Kummer, 1836. Small folio-oblong. (23x37 cm.). Contemp. modest hcloth. Boards rubbed. (4),27 pp. in double-columns with description of the plates. Before the plates an engraved titlepage with the text: ""Biblia Sacra Veteris et Novi Testamenti representata Centum Imaginibus Aeri incisis in Forma dimidii Plagulae transverssae, una cum Expositione dilucidativa. Augustae Vindelicorum. Prostat apud Antonium Klauber. MDCCCXXXV"". With 100 large engraved plates. (Plates sign. C.P.S.C.M. - Klauber Cath. Sc. et exc. A.V.). A bit of browning to edges of text and plates. Otherwise internally fine.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 45942

‎"BREGUET, ANTOINE. - THE THEORY OF THE GRAMME MACHINE.‎

‎Recherches sur la Théorie de la Machine de Gramme, sur la Cause de la Position dissymétrique de ses Frotteurs, et incidement, Étude des Écrains magnetiques.‎

‎Paris, G. Masson, Imprimerie Gauthier-Villars, 1879. 8vo. Contemporary half calf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of title-page. In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", Cinquiéme Series - Tome XVI. 576 pp. a. 2 folded plates. (Entire volume offered). Breguet's paper: pp. 5-48 a. 1 large folded engraved plate.‎

‎First edition of this importent paper giving the first physical theory of the Grammo machine's magnetic function. - Wheeler Gift No. 3990.A Gramme machine, Gramme ring, Gramme magneto, or Gramme dynamo is an electrical generator which produces direct current, named for its Belgian inventor, Zénobe Gramme, and was built as either a dynamo or a magneto. It was the first generator to produce power on a commercial scale for industry.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 45987

‎"LAURENT, AUGUSTE. - CLEARING THE CONCEPTS EQUIVALENTS, ATOMS AND MOLECULES.‎

‎Recherches sur les Combinaisons Azotées.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson, 1846. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", Troisieme Series - Tome 18. 512 pp. and 2 folded engraved plates. Laurents paper: pp. 266-298. Somewhat brownspotted.‎

‎First printing of this classic work in the history of organic chemistry in which Laurent made clear ""the distinction between equivalents, atoms and molecules, by attaching to these terms meanings similar to those given to them at the present day. Like Avogadro and Ampère, Laurent regarded the molecules of hydrogen, of oxygen, of chlorine, etc., as consisting of two atoms and of forming ""homogenous Compounds"" which could then give rise to ""heterogenous compounds"" by double decomposition -(HH) + (CICI) = (HCI) + (HCI) - as had long before been pointed out by Avogadro.""(Findley ""A Hundred Years of Chemistry"", p. 32.""A founder of modern organic chemistry, Laurent was one of the most important chemists of the nineteenth century. He considered the behavior of matter to be a manifestation of its intimate internal structure, which one cannot determine with certainty but which one has to investigate if one wants to understand. Laurent’s preoccupation was to construct a method that could guide the chemist forward along this path, from facts to their causes. He was the first chemist to intimately associate crystallo-graphic data and chemical studies. Louis Pasteur and Charles Friedel later followed the way.""(DSB).‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 45993

‎"REGNAULT, V. (HENRI VICTOR) et J. REISET. - INSPIRING JULES VERNE - THE ""RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT""‎

‎Recherches chimiques sur la Respiration des Animaux des diverses Classes.‎

‎(Paris, Victor Masson, 1849). Without wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", Troisieme Series - Tome 26. Cahier 3-4. Pp. 299-528 a. 2 folded engraved plates, showing apparatus used.(Entire issues offered). The joint paper takes up both issues. With half-title to tome 26.‎

‎First appearance of this classic paper, which contains extensive comparative studies of respiration and calorimetry. They refined Lavoisier's experiments on measuring the oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production of animals and calculated the first good ratios of what came to be called the ""RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT"". It was the use of the apparatus and methods developed here, that enabled scientists the world over to gain some understanding of utilization of energy by many different animals.The inspiration for the space age scientific novel by JULES VERNE ""De la Terre a la Lune"" (1865) was based on the methods described by Regnault and Reiset in this paper to provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide produced by men, dogs and chickens in the ""projectile"". The paper is cited several times in this famous novel.The species study in the Regnault and Reiset collaboration included warm-blooded animals, such as dogs, cats, and rabbits as well as hibernating and non-hibernating marmots. Cold-blooded animals , such as frogs, salamanders, reptiles and lizards were also described...In over 100 experiments their assays included the effects of temperature, season, diet, level of nutrition, compositionof air, sex, hibernation, age, body weights and other variables onrespiratory exchange and nitrogen exhalation or absorption (Based on W. Flatt & W. Payne).Garrison & Morton: 932.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46006

‎"LANGLEY, S.P. - INVENTION OF THE BOLOMETER.‎

‎Le Bolomètre. Mémoire lu devant la Societe Mét´rorologique américaine, décembre 1880.‎

‎Paris, Imprimerie Gauthier-Villars, 1881. 8vo. Contemporary half calf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Two small stamps on verso of title-page, and one on verso of the plates. In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", Cinquiéme Series - Tome XXIV. 576 pp. + 2 folded plates. Langley's paper: pp. 275-284, textillustrations.‎

‎First French edition of the paper in which Langley describes the function of his invention of the bolometer for measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation. A bolometer is a device for measuring the power of incident electromagnetic radiation via the heating of a material with a temperature-dependent electrical resistance.""Correctly recognizing the need for measurements of the energy of radiation as a function of wavelenght, Langley developed a new instrument ""the bolometer"" between 1879 and 1881 to do this......The superior measurements by means of the bolometer, the newly discovered extent of the solar spectrum, and the new results for selective absorption of the earth’s atmosphere were significant contributions to the study of the sun and its effects on the earth.""(DSB).Langley was awarded the Nobe l in physics in 1908.The volume conatins also Gabriel Lippmann (Nobel Prize 1908) ""Princiope de la Coservation de L'électricité"", pp. 145-178 and Crooke's famous paper (in French) ""Sur la viscosité des Gaz trés raréfies"", pp. 476-547 with 1 plate.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46019

‎"ØRSTED (OERSTED), H.C. - THE DISCOVERY OF ELECTROMAGNETISM - FIRST ANNOUNCEMENT IN FRENCH.‎

‎Experimenta circa Effectum, etc. Expériences sur l'effet du conflict électrique sur l'aiguille animantée.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1820). No wrappers. In ""Annales"". In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago"" Tome XIV, Cahier 4, Titlepage to vol. 14 + pp. 337-442. (Entire issue offered). Ørsted's paper: pp. 417-25. A few scattered brownspots.‎

‎First French translation and the first translation of Oersted's epoch-making announcement in his Latin pamphlet ""Extperimenta circa effectum conflictus electrici in acun magneticam. Hafniæ, 1820"" (privately printed in a very small number, and only distributed to colleques in Europe). This discovery and confirmation of the connection between 2 forces, electricity and magnetism, must be considered one of the happiest events in the history of science, both with regard to scientific and practical results. - ""From the moment that Ørsted's discovery became known it created an enormous sensation. The results communicated were so astounding that they were received with a certain distrust, but they were stated with such accuracy that it could hardly be permitted to entertain any doubts. In the course of a short time the treatise was translated into all the chief languages."" (Kirstine Meyer). - Dibner:61 - PMM: 282 - Horblitt: 3 b. - Sparrow: 152.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46026

‎"BERZELIUS, JÖNS JACOB. - ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTENT WORKS IN THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY - THE FRENCH VERSION.‎

‎Essais sur les proportions déterminées dans lesquelles se trouvent réunis les élémens de la nature inorganiques. (+) Suite des experiences sur les proportions déterminées, d'après lesquelles les élémens de la nature inorganique s'unissent... (In all...‎

‎Paris, Chez J. Klostermann fils, 1811-12. Bound in 6 contemp. hcalf. Gilt spines, slightly rubbed. Wear to top of spines. In: ""Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie"" Tome 78, 79, 80, 81, 82 and 83. (Entire volumes offered). The 14 parts: (Tome 78:) pp. 5-37, 105-132, 217-242. - (Tome 79:) pp. 113-142, 233-264. - (Tome 80:) pp. 5-37, 225-258. - (Tome 81:) pp. 5-36, 278-303. - (Tome 82:) pp. 5-33, 113-125, 225-72. (Tome 83:) pp. 5-35 a. pp. 117-127. With in all 3 engraved plates. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎The papers represents one of the first announcements of Berzelius' discovery of the fixed chemical proportions, determining the weights and valencies of the various constituent elements in inorganic compounds. The papers were published at the same time in Swedish, German (both here in Annalen and in Schweiger's Journal), and in French. By running many hundreds of analysis of chemical compounds he gave so many examples of the law of definite proportions that the world of chemistry could no longer doubt its validity, and in so doing he gave experimental evidence to the atomic theory. He hereby laid a solid fundation for the further development of chemistry. A reprint is found in Ostwald's Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften, No. 35.According to Söderbaum (Jac. Berzelius, 2, p.12) ""It was a giant work, one of the most importent in the history of chemistry, which was here presented. One is even more impressed when one remembers that it was a pioneer undertaking in every sense of the term. Analytic and synthetic methods existed before Berzelius' time, to be sure, but there were no precise methods of the sort which he required. They all had to be elaborated at the cost of time and labour.""(J. Erik Jorpes ""Jac. Berzelius"", p.45).""In general Berzelius's efforts were directed toward the consolidation and extension of the atomic theory. He improved chemical analysis and determined the composition of a large number of compounds, thus verifying the laws of constant and multiple proportions and furnishing the most accurate equivalent weights then available. By ingenious methods he arrived at the correct atomic composition of most common substances, and thus was enabled to draw up (in 1826) a table of atomic weights very nearly identical with the modern one.""(Leicester & Klicktein ""A Source Book in Chemistry"", p. 258).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1810-20 C.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46030

‎"SAVART, FELIX. - THE RATIONALIZED VIOLIN AND THE PHYSICS OF THE VIOLIN.‎

‎Sur la Communication des mouvemens vibratoires entre les corps solides.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1820. Uncut with orig. printed wrappers (Juin-issue). In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago"" Tome XIV, Juin issue, pp. 113-222. (Entire issue in orig. wrappers). Savart's paper: pp. 113-172 and 3 folded engraved plates.‎

‎First printing of a pioneer paper on the acoustics of the violin and on the construction of the Trapezoidal Fiddle.""In his earliest work Savart gave the first explanation of the function of certain parts of the violin. To learn how vibrations are transmitted from the strings to the rest of the instrument, he induced vibrations in a free wood plate by passing a vibrating string over a bridge at its center" he also used Chladni’s sand-pattern technique to observe the resulting nodal lines. Savart showed that the bridge transmits the string’s vibrations that the plate can be made to vibrate at any frequency" and that the corresponding mode is a modification of an unforced mode. He demonstrated that the sound post also serves to transmit vibrations, and he explained that it therefore should not be placed under a nodal line. Thinking that symmetry and regularity would produce the best tone, Savart built a trapezoidal violin with rectangular sound holes. When the instrument was played before a committee that included Biot, the Composer Cherubini, and other members of the Academy of Sciences and the Académie des Beaux-Arts, its tone was judged as extremely clear and even, but somewhat subdued.""(DSB).The issue also contains Eilhard Mitscherlich' famous paper in the first French version ""Sur la Relation qui existe entre la forme cristalline et les proportions chimiques"", pp. 172-190.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46032

‎"WOLLASTON, WILLIAM HYDE. - THE INVENTION OF THE FIRST PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA LENS.‎

‎On a Periscopic Camera Obscura and Microscope. Read June 11, 1812.‎

‎London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1812. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1812. With titlepage to the year 1812 - Part I. Pp. 370-377. Light yellowing to titlepage.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Wollaston explains his invention and function of photography's first lens, the Wollaston Meniscus, invented more than 25 years before the first photography appeared.""Wollaston developed the first lens specifically for camera lens called Wollaston's meniscus lens, or just meniscus lens, in 1812. The lens was designed to improve the image projected by the camera obscura. By changing the shape of the lens, Wollaston was able to project a flatter image, eliminating much of the distortion that was a problem with many of that day's biconvex lenses"" (DSB).‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46063

‎SOUTH, JAMES. - THE SEVEN-FEET TRANSIT INSTRUMENT DESCRIBED.‎

‎On the discordances between the Sun's observed and computed Right Ascensions, as determined at the Blackman-street Observatory, in the years 1821 to 1822" wih Experiments to show that they did not originate in instrumental derangement. Aklso a descrip...‎

‎London, W.Nicol, 1826. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1826 - Part III. With titlepage to Part III.Pp. 423-482 and 3 engraved plates, of which 2 are larger and folded. A faint dampstain to margins of plates.‎

‎James South "" fitted up an observatory attached to his house in Blackman Street, Borough, with two equatoreals of respectively five and seven feet focal length, besides a first-rate transit instrument by Troughton Here he observed, jointly with John Frederick William Herschel, 380 double stars. In presenting him with the gold medal of the Astronomical Society in 1826, Francis Baily spoke of his ‘princely collection of instruments, such as have never yet fallen to the lot of a private individual’. In 1835 South removed his five-foot telescope to Passy, near Paris, where he came to know Humboldt and Arago, and convinced Laplace of the reality of revolving stars by ocular demonstration in the case of 70 Ophiuchi. He executed there in a few months what Herschel called ‘a noble series of measures’ on 458 compound stars, of which 160 were new " and for these labours, together with his paper ‘On the Discordances between the Sun's observed and computed Right Ascensions,’ presented to the Royal Society on 8 June 1826 (the paper offered), was awarded the Copley medal in 1826. He was elected a member of the Royal Society in 1821.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46067

‎"BARLOW, PETER. - THE FIRST ""BARLOW LENS""‎

‎An account of a Series of experiments made with the view to the construction of an achromatic telescope with a fluid concave lens, instead of the usual lens of flint glass. In a letter adressed to Davies Gilbert.... Read January 17, 1828.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor, 1828). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1828 - Part I. Pp. 105-112.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Barlow described his invention of the so-called first ""Barlow-Lens"".He constructed his first achromatic telescope lens by enclosing liquid carbon disulfide between two pieces of glass. The Barlow- lens has come into general use for increasing the eyepiece power of any optical instrument.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46089

‎"WHEWELL, W. - THE FOUNDATION OF MATHEMATICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY.‎

‎A general Method of Calculating the Angles made by any Planes of Chrystals, and the Laws according to which they are formed. Read November 25, 1824.‎

‎(London, G. and W. Nicol, 1825). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1825 - Part I. Pp. 87-130 and 2 engraved plates with many figs. Upper right corner dampstained, mostly on the first page and here only slightly touching a few letters.‎

‎First appearance of this importent paper in which Whewell gave crystallography a mathematical foundation.""In a paper read before the Royal Society in 1824, Whewell, according to Herbert Deas, ""laid the foundations of mathematical crystallography."" His system for calculating the angles of planes of crystals assumed that crystals are aggregates of small rhomboids that can be thought to shrink below the level of possible measurement, thus suggesting that crystals are latticelike. In 1825 Whewell visited Mohs in Germany. In 1828, the year in which Whewell became professor of mineralogy, he published a revision of Mohs’s system of mineralogical classification.""(DSB).‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46098

‎HILBERT, D. UND W. ACKERMANN. - THE FOUNDATION OF MODERN MATHEMATICAL LOGIC.‎

‎Grundzüge der theoretischen Logik.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1928. Orig. full cloth. Lower part of spine with loss of cloth. Lower right cornerof titlepage cut away, no loss of letters. VIII,120 pp.‎

‎First edition. (Die Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenshaften in Einzeldarstellungen, Band XXVII). In the years 1917-22 Hilbert gave three seminal courses at the Univeristy og Göttingen on logic and the foundation of mathematics. He received considerable help in preperation and eventual write up of these lectures from Bernays. This material was subsequently reworked by Ackermann into the monograph 'Grundzüge der Theoretischen Logik' (the offered item). It containes the first exposition ever of first-order logic and poses the problem of its completeness and the decision problem ('Entscheidungsproblem'). The first of these questions was answered just a year later by Kurt Gödel in his doctorial dissertation 'Die Vollständigkeit der Axiome des logischen Funktionenkalküls'. This result is known as Gödel's completeness theorem. Two years later Gödel published his famous 1931 paper 'Über formal unentscheidbare Sätze der Principia Mathematica und verwandter Systeme I' in which he showed that a stronger logic, capable of modeling arithmetic, is either incomplete or inconsistent (Gödel's second incompleteness theorem). The later question posed by Hilbert and Ackermann regarding the decision problem was answered in 1936 independantly by Alonzo Church and Allan Turing. Church used his model the lambda-calculus and Turing his machine model to construct undecidable problems and show that the decision problem is unsolvable in first-order logic. These results by Gödel, Church, and Turing rank amongst the most important contributions to mathematical logic ever.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46101

‎"NITZE, MAX. - FOUNDING UROLOGY - THE FIRST TEXTBOOK IN UROLOGY‎

‎Lehrbuch der Kystoskopie. Ihre Technik und klinische Bedeutung. Mit 6 Tafeln und 26 Abbildungen im Texte.‎

‎Wiesbaden, J.F. Bergmann, 1889. Contemp. hcalf. Raised bands, gilt, titlelabel in leather with gilt lettering. Compartments richly blindtooled. A small crack to backhinge, board still holding. VIII,(1),319,(1) pp. 5 lithographed plates (numb. I-V, No. I in chromolitography) and 1 folded woodengraved plate (Tafel A). Internally fine and clean, but with some pencil undrlinings (easy toremove) and some underlinings in ink on the last leaves (from p. 304 ff).‎

‎First edition of Nitze's important monograph on cystoscopy, which revolutionized the surgery of the bladder. The first edition is of renowned scarcity.""The invention of the cystoscope by Nitze revolutionized endoscopy but his true genius lay in his lifelong pursuit of better methods to diagnose and treat patients with urological diseases and in teaching others the practical use and value of cystoscopy. He also designed the first operating cystoscope, took the first endoscopic photographs and published the first textbook in urology... The legacy of discovery of Max Nitze established the specialty of urology and a legitimate claim as the father of urology"" (Harry W. Herr).Garrison & Morton: 4184.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46232

‎"CHRISTIE, S. HUNTER. - THE INVENTION OF ""THE WHEATSTONE BRIDGE""‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture.- Experimental Determination of the Laws of Magneto-electric Induction in different masses of the same Metal, and of its Intensity in different Metals. Read Feb. 28, 1833.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor, 1833). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1833 - Part I. Pp. 95-142 a. 2 engraved plates (showing the apparatus, the Wheatstone Bridge).‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Christie describes his invention of the electrical circuit meant to measure an unknown electrical resistance by balancing two legs of a bridge circuit, one leg of which includes the unknown component. It was later (1843) improved and popularized by Charles Wheatstone, and then baptized ""Wheatsone's Bridge"". Wheatstone called the circuit a ""Differential Resistance Measurer."" ""Christie’s paper ""Experimental Determination of the Laws of Magneto-electric Induction"" was the Bakerian lecture for 1833. In it Christie showed that ""the conducting power, varies as the squares of [the wires’] diameters directly, and as their lengths inversely."" He also concluded that voltaelectricity, thermoelectricity, and magnetoelectricity are all conducted according to the same law, which lent further support to the theory that all these electricities are identical. In this paper (the paper offered) Christie also gave the first description of the instrument that came to be known as the Wheatstone bridge.""(DSB).‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46365

‎WATT, GREGORY. - THE CRYSTALLIZATION HYPOTHESIS.‎

‎Observations on Basalt, and on the Transition from the vitreous to the stony Texture, which occurs in the gradual Refrigeration of melted Basalt" with some geological Remarks. In a Letter from Gregory Watt to theRight Hon. Charles Greville. Read May 1...‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1804). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1804 - Part II. Pp.279-314.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Watt set forth his ""Crystallization Hypothesis"".""The first hypothesis as to the origin of prismatic structure which which had any experimental or observational basis was that of Gregory Watt, and may be entitled ""crystallization hypothesis"". Whatt in 1804 observed (the paper offered) that a large mass of basalt which he had melted down in a reverbatory furnace crystallized radially from centers which were fairly regularly spaced in a horizontal plane"" the intersections of these radially growing fibrous bundles formed a network of hexagonal partings through the mass, leading Watt to the conclusion that this manner of crystallization, by its vertical extension upward from the base of a mass of basalt, must have been the cause of the prisms found in the Giant's Causeway, Fingal's Cave, and elsewhere."" (Robert B. Sosman in ""Types of Prismatic Structure in Igneous Rocks"", p. 215).‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46371

‎"AIRY, B.G. (GEORGE BIDELL). - WEIGHTING THE EARTH.‎

‎Account of Pendulum Experiments undertaken in the Harton Colliery, for the purpose of determining the Mean Density of the Earth. Received December 26, 1855, - Read January 24 and 31, 1856. (+) Supplement to the ""Account of Pendulum Experiments...."" "" ...‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1856). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1856 - Vol. 146 - Part I. Pp. 297-342 a. pp. 343-355. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of the paper in which Airy describes his remarkable experiments aiming at finding the density of the earth. His approach to the problem was to determine the differences of gravity at the top as well at the bottom of a suitable deep mine.""One of the most remarkable of Airy's researches was his determination of the mean density of the Earth. In 1826, the idea occurred to him of attacking this problem by means of pendulum experiments at the top and bottom of a deep mine. His first attempt, made in the same year, at the Dolcoath mine in Cornwall, failed in consequence of an accident to one of the pendulums. A second attempt in 1828 was defeated by a flooding of the mine, and many years elapsed before another opportunity presented itself. The experiments eventually took place at the Harton pit near South Shields in 1854. Their immediate result was to show that gravity at the bottom of the mine exceeded that at the top by 1/19286 of its amount, the depth being 383 m (1,256 ft) From this he was led to the final value of Earth's specific density of 6.566.[This value, although considerably in excess of that previously found by different methods, was held by Airy, from the care and completeness with which the observations were carried out and discussed, to be ""entitled to compete with the others on, at least, equal terms."" (The currently accepted value for Earth's density is 5.5153 g/cm.). (Wikipedia).‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46373

‎"DAVY, HUMPHRY - THE DISCOVERY OF HYDROGEN TELLURIDE - THE RIVALRY WITH GAY-LUSSAC & THENARD.‎

‎Nouvelles Recherches électro-chimiques, principalement relatives aux substances métalliques tirées des alcalis et de terres, et à quelques combinations de l'Hydrogène. (+) Suite des Recherches... (+) Sur les Observations sur les Recherches faites p...‎

‎Paris, J. Klostermann, 1810. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Slightly rubbed. A few scratches to binding. Small stamps on verso of titlepage.In: ""Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie"" Tome 75. 336 pp. a. 2 folded engraved plates. Some scattered brownspots. The papers: pp. 27-77, 129-175, 256-263, 264-273, 274-289 a. 290-316.‎

‎First French version of Davy's ""The Bakerian Lecture for 1809. On some new Electrochemical Researches, on various Objects, particularly the metallic Bodies, from the Alkalies, and Earth, and on some Combinations of Hydrogene. Read November 16, 1809."", together with the controversy papers by Davy and Gay-Lussac & Thenard.""Mr. Davy having from the commencement of his electro-chemical researches, communicated the several steps of his progress to the Society (The Royal Society), takes the present opportunity of reporting the results of his further inquiries under four principal heads. First, on the nature of the metals of the fixed alkalis. Second, on the nature of Hydrogen and composition of ammonia. Thirdly, on the metals of the earth"" and Fourthly he makes a comparison between the antiphlogistic doctrine, and a modified phlogistic hypothesis.""(Abstract). He further gives arguments for considering potassium and sodium, which he discovered in 1808, as a element.""""Gay-Lussac had a slight rivalry between himself and the creation scientist Sir Humphry Davy. Davy was chemically preparing Potassium and Sodium through an electrical current, and this made Gay-Lussac and Thénard envious of his success. They too decided to perform the same task, but they had no battery at their disposal as Davy had, so they had to form another way to chemically prepare the two elements. In 1808, they used a red-hot iron fused to potash, the water-soluble form of a manufactured salt containing potassium, to perform this task, a method that Davy admitted had its advantageous qualities. Gay-Lussac and Thénard were successful in preparing Potassium, and continued to make a full analysis of its chemical properties, and began to use it for their own experiments. In 1809, Davy performed the same task, using it to reduce Boron in Boracic acid.""‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46377

‎"WOLLASTON, WILLIAM HYDE. - INVENTION OF THE GONIOMETER.‎

‎Description of a reflective Goniometer. Read June 8, 1809.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1809). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1809 - Part I. Pp. 253-258 and 1 engraved plate showing the Goniometer. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this paper describing Wollaston's invention of the Goniometer.""Nor was it only in chemistry that he (Wollaston) left his mark. He invented a goniometer, a device to measure the angles between crystal faces, which greatly advance mineralogical research. A calcium silicate mineral is named wollastonite in his honor."" (Asimow).""When a surface is so small as one fiftieth of an inch in breadth, it becomes axtremely difficult to apply the short radius of a goniometer to it with correctness. But since a surface of that magnitude may reflect a very brilliant light, the reflected ray may be employed as radius, and may at pleasure be taken of such a lenght that the angles of small crystals can be known with as much precision as those of the largest surfaces.""(Abstract).‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46391

‎"TSCHIRNHAUS, EHRENFRIED W. V. [FIRST PUBLICATION OF THE ""TSCHIRNHAUS TRANSFORMATION"".]‎

‎Methodus datae figurae, rectis lineis & curva Geometrica terminate, aut Quadraturam, aut impossibilitatem ejusdem Quadraturae determinandi. (+) Nova Methodus determinandi Maxima & Minima (+) Aufrendi omnes terminos intermedios ex data aequatione. - [FORCED LEIBNIZ TO PUBLISH THE CALCULUS]‎

‎Leipzig, Grosse & Gleditsch, 1683. 4to. Contemporary full vellum. Handwritten title on spine. Library label to pasted down front free end-paper and a small stamps on titlepage. In: ""Acta Eruditorum Anno MDCLXXXIII"". As usual with various browning to leaves and plates. Tschirnhaus' paper: pp. 122-124" Pp. 204-207" Pp. 433-437. [Entire volume: (8), 561, (7) pp + 13 plates].‎

‎First appearance of Tschirnhaus's three exceedingly important papers which were to to initiate one of the most famous mathematical discoveries. In the papers he used infinitisimal methods which were very close to Leibniz's method and where he tried to lay down criteria for rational quadratures in the case of conic, cubic and quadratic curves, papers that led Leibniz to publish his first paper on the differential calculus, the ""Nova Methoda"" in the Acta for 1684 in order to secure his priority over Tschirnhaus concerning the calculus. Leibniz discovered, when he read Tschirnhaus' papers, that Tschirnhaus had here published results showing similarity with Leibniz's invention of the calculus as he had confided to Tschirnhaus earlier, during their Parisian stay, and this without references to Leibniz.The present volume of Acta also contain the first edition of Tschirnhaus' ""Tschirnhaus Tranformation"". Tschirnhaus work intensively on finding a general method for solving equations of higher of higher degree. ""His transformations constituted the most promising contribution to the solution of equations during the seventeenth century" but his elimination of the second and third coefficients by means of such transformation was far from adequate for the solution of the quintic.(Boyer. A History of Mathematics, 1968, 472 p.).Tschirnhaus (1651-1708) , a Saxon nobleman, had as wide interest as acquaintances: He studied in Leyden, served in the Dutch army, visited England and Paris several times. He set up a glassworks in Italy and is said to have introduced Porcelain to Europe. He wrote about philosophy and mathematics and was a close friend of Leibniz.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46399

‎"LAMBERT, JOHANN HEINRICH. - THE THEORY OF THE WAVES OF THE SEA.‎

‎Sur la Figure de L'Océan.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1769). 4to. No wrappers as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome XXIII, 1767, pp., 1 folded engraved worldmap in the Lambert projection.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Lambert set forth his theory of how ocean Waves devellops.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46430

‎"GROVE, WILLIAM ROBERT. - THE FIRST FUELL CELL DESCRIBED BY THE ""FATHER OF THE FUELL CELL""‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - On certain Phenomena of Voltaic Ignition and the Decomposition of Water into its constituent Gases by Heat. Received September 3, - Read November 19, 1846. (+) Supplementary Paper on certain Phenomena of Voltaic Ignition, and t...‎

‎(London, Richard and John E. Taylor, 1847). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1847 - Part I. Pp. 1-16 a. pp. 17-21 and 1 lithographed plate‎

‎First appearance of an importent paper in which Grove describes and depicts his invention - from 1839 - of the first FUEL CELL, which he named ""The Gas Voltaic Battery"", and where he applied his anticipation of the principle of ""Conservation of Energy"" to the decomposition of water. and to the ignition of the released gases.In 1846, Grove published ""On The Correlation of Physical Forces"" in which he anticipated the general theory of the conservation of energy that was more famously put forward in Hermann von Helmholtz' Über die Erhaltung der Kraft (On the Conservation of Force) published the following year.His 1846 Bakerian lecture relied heavily on his theory.(The paper offered).During the early 1960s, General Electric produced the fuel-cell-based electrical power system for NASA's Gemini and Apollo space capsules. General Electric used the principles found in the ""Bacon Cell"" as the basis of its design. Today, the Space Shuttle's electricity is provided by fuel cells, and the same fuel cells provide drinking water for the crew.NASA decided that using nuclear reactors was too high a risk, and using batteries or solar power was too bulky to use in space vehicles. NASA has funded more than 200 research contracts exploring fuel-cell technology, bringing the technology to a level now viable for the private sector‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46461

‎"EINSTEIN, A. - THE SINGULARITY PROBLEM - ASSOCIATION COPY.‎

‎Demonstration of the Non-Existence of Gravitational Fields with a non-vanishing total Mass free of Singularities.‎

‎Tucuman, Argentina, 1941. Royal8vo. Orig. printed wrappers. Offprint from ""Revista. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman"", Series A Matematicas y Fisica Teorica, Vol. 2, Diciembre de 1941, Nos 1 y 2. Pp. 11-15. Fine and clean. This copy has belonged to Abraham Pais (1918-2000) - the famous Einstein scholar, theoretical physicist and Einsteins collegue at Princeton - and having his name on top of the frontwrapper ""A Pais""‎

‎First edition of a scarce paper in the offprint version. The paper ""represents the basis of the one written by the same author in collaboration with Wolfgang Pauli in 1943, in which, by following analogous lines, the proof of the non-existence of regular particle-type solutions was generalized to the case of cilyndrical geometries in Kaluza-Klein theory (Einstein & Pauli, 1943). Besides, other generalizations were subsequently presented. The (non)-existence of such solutions in classical unified field theory was undoubtedly an important criterion leading Einstein's investigations.""(Galvagno and Giribet).""In his search for a unified field theory that could undercut quantum mechanics, Einstein considered five-dimensional classical Kaluza-Klein theory. He studied this theory most intensively during the years 1938-1943. One of his primary objectives was finding a non-singular particle solution. In the full theory this search got frustrated, and in the x5-independent theory Einstein, together with Pauli, argued it would be impossible to find these structures."" (Jeroen van Dongen).Weil: 208. - Boni: 243.‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46476

‎"KATER, HENRY. - ESTIMATING THE ELLIPTICITY OF THE EARTH.‎

‎An account of experiments for determining the ariation in the lenght of the pendulum vibrating seconds, at the principal stations of the Trigonometrical Survey of Great Britain. Read June 24, 1819.‎

‎London, W. Bulmer & Co., 1819. 4to. No wrappers as issued in ""Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London for the Year MDCCCXIX."", Part III. With titlepage to Part III. (4), pp. 337-508. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of Kater's great paper, a report of his results as member of ""The Survey of Great Britain"", using his invention, ""Kater's Pendulum"".""On the basis of the principle enunciated by Huygens that the centers of suspension and oscillation are interchangeable, Kater devised a reversible pendulum (which became known as ""Kater’s pendulum"") with knife edges accurately adjusted to lie at the conjugate points. By using the distance between these points as the ""length"" in the formula for a simple pendulum, he was able to determine with great accuracy the length of a pendulum beating seconds under specified conditions. He thereby obtained accurate values for g, the acceleration due to gravity, at several stations of the Trigonometrical Survey of Great Britain and estimated the ellipticity of the earth. Kater performed these experiments as a member of a committee appointed by the Royal Society in response to a request by the governmnet for assistance in standardizing weights and measures.""(DSB).‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 46536