‎Thé‎

‎"PASTEUR, LOUIS. - ANNOUNCING THE DISCOVERY OF ""MOLECULAR ASSYMETRY""‎

‎Mémoire sur la relation qui peut exister entre la forme cristalline et la composition chimique, et sur la cause de la polarisation rotatoire"" (Extrait). (Séance du Lundi 22 Mai 1848).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1848. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 26, No 21. Pp. (529-) 548. (Entire issue offered). Pasteur's paper: pp. 535-538. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of the announcement of Pasteur's momentous and revolutionary discovery of ""molecular assymetry"" and founding the science of Polarimetry.The discovery was first announced by Pasteur in may 1848 by the printing of the preliminary report of only 4 short pages, in order to establish priority (the paper offered). A more full exposition was published the same year in ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3me Series - Tome XXIV.""In 1848....Pasteur studied the crystals of tartrates (one of the substances that exhibited the now-clockwise, now-counterclockwise effect) under the microscope and found that the xcrystasls were mirror images of the others. The two crystals resemmbled each other as a right-hand glove resembles a left-hand glove....This was a revolutionary discovery and it took some courage to announce it. A few years before, the well-known chemist Mitscherlich had studies the same tartrate crystals and declared them all to be identical. Pasteur was only a twenty-sic-year-old unknown. neverthelless he announced his findings and went before Biot to repeat the separation ofthe crystals before the eyes of the aged authority in the field. Biot was convinced and Pasteur received the Rumford medal of the Royal Society for his work....Pasteur had thus founded the science of polarimetry in which the measurements of the manner in which the plane of polarized light was twisted could be used to help to determine the structure of organic substance, to follow various chemical reactions, and so on.""(Asimov). Leicester & Klickstein ""A Source Book of Chemistry"", p. 374-379).‎

Référence libraire : 49456

‎"SEMMELWEIS. IGNACE PHILIPPE. - THE DEBUT OF ASEPTIC.‎

‎Note sur la fièvre puerpérale et sur une cause qu’il regarde comme présidant très fréquemment au développement de la maladie. (Séance 21 février 1848).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1848. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 26, No 8. Pp. (233-) 264. (Entire issue offered). Semmelweis's paper: pp. 254-255. Clean and fine.‎

‎First French announcement of this epochal event in the history of medicine, the discovery of the etiology and prevention of childbed fever. First announce by Ferdinand von Hebra in December 1847, then followed (only 2 months) after by the French announcement.""Although Semmelweis's importent discoveries were made in the 1840s, he did not publish them immediately. The first printed reports of his findings were written by his collegues and were published in various German, French, or English Journals. Semmelweis himself gave three lectures before the Imperial and Royal Medical Society of Vienna in 1850 but did not publish his complete discussion of ""The etiology, concept, and prophylaxis of childbeed fever"" until 1861, having previously contributed several shorter accounts to Hungarian medical journals.""(Norman ""One Hundred Books famous in Medicine"", p. 265).Semmelweis demonstrated that puerperal fever (also known as childbed fever) was contagious and that this incidence could drastically be reduced by appropriate hand washing by medical care-givers. He made this discovery in 1847 while working in the Maternity Department of the Vienna Lying-in Hospital. His failure to convince his fellow doctors led to a tragic conclusion. However, he was ultimately vindicated. While employed as assistant to the professor of the maternity clinic at the Vienna General Hospital in Austria in 1847, Semmelweis introduced hand washing with chlorinated lime solutions for interns who had performed autopsies. This immediately reduced the incidence of fatal puerperal fever from about 10 percent (range 5-30 percent) to about 1-2 percent.Toward the end of 1847, accounts of Semmelweis's work began to spread around Europe. Semmelweis and his students wrote letters to the directors of several prominent maternity clinics describing their recent observations. Ferdinand von Hebra, the editor of a leading Austrian medical journal, announced Semmelweis's discovery in the December 1847 and April 1848 issues of the medical journal. Hebra claimed that Semmelweis's work had a practical significance comparable to that of Edward Jenner's introduction of cowpox inoculations to prevent smallpox.Garrison & Morton: 6275 (German version).‎

Référence libraire : 49472

‎"ARAGO, FRANCOIS - LOUIS DAGUERRE. - THE DAGUERREOTYPE.‎

‎Le Daguerréotype. (Seance du Lundi 19 Aout 1839). (+ Daguerre:) Des procédés photogéniques comme moyens de gravure - Lettre de M. Daguerre à M. Arago. (Séance du Lundi 20 Septembre 1839).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1839. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome IX, No. 8 a. 14. Pp. (249-) 282 a. pp. (417-) 436. Arago's rapport: Pp. 250-267 - Daguerre's letter: pp. 423-429. Both issues clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of the first official and complete report of the invention of the ""daguerreotype"", the photographic process invented by Louis Daguerre. The presentation by Arago preceeded Daguerre's own publication ""Historique de description des procédés du daguerreotype et du diorama"", (1839). Together with Daguerre's letter to Arago in which he relates the process of heliography and describes his contract with Niépce to exploit the heliogrphis process. The Heliogravure was invented by Niépce‎

Référence libraire : 49477

‎"MAREY, (ETIENNE JULES). - MAREY'S ""LAW OF THE HEART""‎

‎Loi qui préside à la fréquence des battements du coeur.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1861. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 53, No 3. Pp. (77-) 128. (Entire issue offered). Marey's paper: pp. 95-98. Faint marginal brownspots.‎

‎First printing of the paper in which Marey formulates the law, named after him and stating that heart rate is related inversely to arterial blood pressure.Marey contributed greatly to the development of experimental physiology. In 1860 he invented the modern sphygmograph, an instrument for recording the features of the pulse and variation in blood pressure on a graph. In 1861 he formulated Marey's law. He was the first to realize the relationship between blood pressure and heart rate.Garrison & Morton: 813.‎

Référence libraire : 49480

‎"MENDELÉEFF, D. (MENDELÉEV, MENDELEYEV, MENDELÉEFF). - THE DECISIVE CONFIRMATION OF MENDELEEV'S PERIODIC TABLE OFTHE ELEMENTS.‎

‎Remarque à propos de la découverte du gallium.‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1875. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 81, No 21. Pp. (909-) 992. With titlepage to vol. 81. Mendelejeff's paper: pp. 969-972. Titlepage lightly browned and with a punched stamp in lower margin. Otherwise clean and fine.‎

‎First apperance of this importent paper which established that Gallium is identical with Eka-aluminum (the missing element between Aluminum and Indium) in Mendelejeff's periodic table. The properties of the new element corresponded well with those predicted. A bitter contorversy was raised between the discoverer of Gallium, Lecog de Boisbaudran and Mendelejeff. ""The discovery of the three elements predicted by Mendeleev was, however, of decisive importance in the acceptance of his law. In 1875 Lecoq de Boisbaudran, knowing nothing of Mendeleev’s work, discovered by spectroscopic methods a new metal, which he named gallium. Both in the nature of its discovery and in a number of its properties gallium coincided with Mendeleev’s prediction for eka-aluminum, but its specific weight at first seemed to be less than predicted. Hearing of the discovery, Mendeleev sent to France ""Zametka po povodu otkrytia gallia"" (the paper offered) (""Note on the Occasion of the Discovery of Gallium""), in which he insisted that gallium was in fact his eka-aluminum. Although Lecoq de Boisbaudran objected to this interpretation, he made a second determination of the specific weight of gallium and confirmed that such was indeed the case. From that moment the periodic law was no longer a mere hypothesis, and the scientific world was astounded to note that Mendeleev, the theorist, had seen the properties of a new element more clearly than the chemist who had empirically discovered it. From this time, too, Mendeleev’s work came to be more widely known""(DSB).Parkinson Breakthroughs"" 1875 C.‎

Référence libraire : 49528

‎"PREECE, WILLIAM HENRY - THE EDISON EFFECT.‎

‎On a Peculiar Behaviour of Glow-Lamps raised to High Incandescence. (Received March 14, 1885).‎

‎London, Harrison and Sons, 1885. Later full buckram. Gilt lettering to spine. IX,506,XL pp., 1 plate, textillustr. (Entire volume offered). Preece's paper: pp. 219-230 with 6 large textillustrations. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of this importent paper in which Preece was the first to use the term ""Edison effect.""""In 1884 William Henry Preece, an official of the British General Post Office, was shown an experiment by Thomas Edison. Of this experiment Preece gave what appears to be the first printed account in a paper entitled 'On a Peculiar Behaviour of Glow-Lamps raised to High Incandescence' (the paper offered)... What Edison had demonstrated was that if a metal plate is sealed into an electric light bulb and joined to the positive end of the filament a considerable curent will pass. If the plate is joined to the negative terminal, however, no current will pass. This was known as the 'Edison effect' and in 1890 Fleming, an electrical engineer who had workes with the Edison Company in London and now was professor at University College, began a carefull study of this phenomenon in carbon filament lamps. In 1904 he was able to demonstrate that this occurred not only with electric waves but also with wireless waves. He thus introduced the basic principle of the modern wireless valve, which permits only unilateral conductivity.""(PMM No 396).Shiers & Shiers ""Early television"", No 186.‎

Référence libraire : 49594

‎"CURIE, (MARIE) SKLODOWSKA. - RADIATION IS AN ATOMIC PROPERTY - COINING THE TERM 'RADIOACTIVITY'‎

‎Rayons émis par les composés de l'uranium et de thorium. Presentée par M. Lippmann. Séance du Mardi 12 Avril 1898).‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1898. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 126, No 15). Entire issue offered. With htitle and titlepage to vol. 126. Pp. 1059-1110. Curie's paper: pp. 1101-1103. Clean and fine. A punched stamp in lower margin of title-page.‎

‎First printing of this milestone paper, being the first ""Note"" from Marie Curie about ""radioactivity"". This same ""Note"" contains a the fundamental observation: ""Two uranium ores... are much more active than uranium itself. This fact... leads one to believe that these ores may contain an element much more active than uranium."" This paper gives the first proof of the fact that radiation is an atomic property.""Henri Becquerel, discovered (1896) that uranium salts shielded from light for several months spontaneously emit rays related in their effects to Roentgen rays. Mme. Curie became enthusiastic about this subject filled with the unknown and, as she later acknowledged, involving no bibliographic research.The first step in the research was to determine whether there existed other elements capable, like uranium, of emitting radiation. Abandoning the idea of hyperfluorescence, couldn’t one calculate by electrical measurement the effects on the conductivity of air that were revealed by the gold-leaf electroscope? Pierre Curie and his brother Jacques had constructed an extremely sensitive apparatus to measure weak currents"" Mme. Curie employed it in testing both pure substances and various ores. In her first ""Note"" in the Comptes rendus""de l Académie des sciences (12 April 1898) she described the method that she followed throughout her life, the method that enabled her to make comparisons through time and crosschecks with other techniques:""I employed... a plate condenser, one of the plates being covered with a uniform layer of uranium or of another finely pulverized substance [(diameter of the plates, eight centimeters"" distance between them, three centimeters). A potential difference of 100 volts was established between the plates.]. The current that traversed the condenser was measured in absolute value by means of an electrometer and a piezoelectric quartz. In general she preferred the zero method, in which the operator compensates for the current created by the active material by manipulating the quartz. All of her students followed this procedure.""(DSB).The first results came in 1898: the measurements varied between 83 × 10-12 amperes for pitch blende to less than 0.3 × 10-12 for almost inactive salts, passing through 53 × 10-12 for thorium oxide and for chalcolite (double phosphate of uranium and copper). Thorium would thus be ""radioactive"" (the term is Mme. Curie’s" its radioactive properties were discovered at the same time, independently, by Schmidt in Germany.‎

Référence libraire : 49598

‎"FOURIER, (JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH). - THE PHYSICAL THEORY OF HEAT.‎

‎Questions Sur la Théorie-Physique de la Chaleur rayonnante.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1817. Contemp. hcalf. Spine with gilt lettering. Light scratching to spine In: ""Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie"" 2e Series, Tome 6. - 448,(4) pp. a. 2 engraved plates. (The entire volume offered). Fourier's paper: pp. 259-303. Internally clean and fine. Stamps on verso of title-page.‎

‎First apperance of this importent memoir in which Fourier gives an account of the Physical theory of heat conduction and radiation.""Fourier made observations on the heating power of the Sun and on night-time refrigeration. He conducted experiments on the heating and cooling of objects of different composition and shape, and on the transmission,absorption and reflection of radiant heat. He employed basic physical principles and formulated mathematical laws to explain and predict universal phenomena, such as ‘the progressive extinction of heat rays in the atmosphere."" (James R. Fleming).The volume contains other notable papers JOHN MURRAY ""Analyse de l'Eau de mer,et Observations sur l'analyse des sources salées"", first edition in French, MAGENDIE ""Mémoire sur Emploi de l'Acide prussique dans le traitement de plusieurs maladies de poitrine, et particulierement dans la phthisie pulmonaire"", by Leopol de Buch, Gay-Lussac etc. etc.‎

Référence libraire : 49605

‎"PROUT, WILLIAM. - COINING THE WORD ""MERORGANIZED""‎

‎Sur la Composiion des Substances alimentaires simples, etc.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1827. Contemp. hcalf. Gilt lettering on spine. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 2 Séries, Tome 36.. Entire volume offered. 448 pp. a. 1 folded engraved plate. Prout's paper: pp. 366-378. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎First French edition (simultaneously with the English original ""On the ultimate composition of simple alimentary substances"".."") of this milestone paper, containing the first scientific classifilassification of foodstuffs as carbonhydrates, fats, proteins, and water.""The brilliant demonstration in 1824 that the gastric juices of animals contains hydrochloric acid appeared incredible to many of Prout's contemporaries. Yet in 1827 (in the paper offered) they readily adopted his classification of foodstuffs into water, saccharinous (carbonhydrates), oleagineous (fats), and albuminous (proteins). Although Prout promised detailled analyses of the three organic aliments, only those of the saccharinous class were published by him. As a vitalist, Prout maintained that organized bodies (which were composed from organic substances) contained ""independent existing vital principles.""Under the influence of these teleological agents, the four aliments were transformed into blood and tissues. Prout termed the process of digestion and blood formation ""primary assimilation."" ""Secondary assimilation"" (Liebig's ""metamorphosis of tissues"") included both the process of tissue formmation from blood and the destruction and removal of unwanted parts from the animal system. The absorption and removal of water from processed aliments were the principal chemical features of chylification and sanguification, respectively. Organization of processed aliments could not occur, however, without the presence and admixture of minute amounts of water or of elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. In 1827 Prout coined the word (in the paper offered) ""merorganized"" to denote the isomerism and vitalization of organic substances by the presence of these incidental materials.""(DSB XI, p. 173). Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1827 C.The volume contains an importent pioneer-investigation on piezo-electricity by ANTOINE CÉSAR BECQUEREL ""De quelques Phénoménes électriques produits pa la pression et le clivage des cristaux"", pp. 265-271.‎

Référence libraire : 49625

‎"LIEBIG, JUSTUS von. - THE ETHER THEORY OF LIEBIG.‎

‎Mémoire sur la Constitution de l'Ether et de ses Combinaisons.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1833. No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 2 Séries, Tome 55, Cahier 2. pp. 113-224. Entire issue offered. Liebig's paper: pp. 113-156. Scattered brownspots.‎

‎First appearance in French - the paper was published at the same time in ""Annalen der Pharmacie"" and in""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff""- of an importent paper on Radicals in which he regards alcohol as a hydrate of the ethyl radical and ether as the oxide of the ethyl radical. The paper is also relevant for the discovery and development of ether as an anaesthesia.‎

Référence libraire : 49628

‎"LE VERRIER (LEVERRIER), URBAIN JEAN JOSEPH. - PREPARING FOR, PREDICTING AND CONFIRMING THE EXISTENCE OF NEPTUNE.‎

‎Premier Mémoire sur la théorie d'Uranus. (Séance 10 Novembre 1845). (+) Recherches sur les mouvements d'Uranus. (Séance du Lundi 1er Juin 1846). (+) Sur la planète qui produit les anomalies observées dans le mouvement d'Uranus. Détermination de ...‎

‎Paris, Bachelier, 1845 a. 1846. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 21, No 19, Vol. 22, No 22, Vol. 23, Nos 9, 14, 16 a. 17. (6 entire issues offered). Le verrier's papers: pp. 1050-1055 (No 19), pp. 907-919 (no 22), pp. 428-438 (No 9), pp. 657-659, 659-643, 676 (No 14), pp. 741, 741-754, 754 (No 16), pp. 798-799, 799-800 (No 17). With title-pages to vol. 21,22 a. 23. Titlepages with a small stamp in upper corner and a perforated stamp to lower margin. Light yellowing to title-pages, otherwise clean and fine on good paper.‎

‎First printing of Le Verrier's importent and famous papers, predicting and confirming the discovery of the Planet Neptune, including the ""preparatory"" paper, the first paper on the anomalities in the orbit of Uranus, the calculations on which eventually leading to his prediction and discovery of a new planet, Neptune the following year, 1846.""In 1846 John Cauch Adams... and Urban J. Leverrier... simultaneously and independently determined the location of a possible new planet... In 1845 he wrote of his findings of the mathematical location of a new planet to Sir George Bidell Airy,,, Because Adams was unknown, his letter was put aside. Meanwhile the same perturbations of Uranus had become of interest to Leverrier. On July 1(should be June !), 1846 he presented a paper ""Recherches sur les mouvements d'Uranus"" to the Academie des Sciences inParis. When Airy realized that Leverrier and Adams had reached the same conclusions, he hastened to suggest that a search be made for the newplanert. Shortly hereafter it was seen bur not recognized. About a week before it was found in England, it was discovered by Galle in Berlin on information supplied by Leverrier. Thus, the honour of the discovery, or even co-discovery of the new planet, Neptune, was lost to Adams and credited to Leverrier.... Adams paper was reade before the Royal Astronomical Society, November 13, 1846, and was published in 1847. (Milestones p. 40).Milestones of Science No 132. - Dibner No. 16.‎

Référence libraire : 49635

‎"LEBESGUE, H. (HENRI LÉON) - REVOLUTIONIZING THE CALCULUS.‎

‎Sur une généralisation de l'intégrale dérfinie. Note de H. Lebesgue, présentée par M. Picard. (Séance du Lundi 29 Avril 1901).‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1901). 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 132, No 17. pp. (1013-) 1080. (Entire issue offered). Lebesgue's paper: pp. 1025-1028. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of Lebesgue's seminal paper on the calculus, which generalized the Riemann integral.""Building on the work of others, including that of Emile Borel and Camille Jordan, Lebesgue formulated the theory of measure in 1901 and in his famous paper Sur une generalisation de l'integrale definie, which appeared in the Comptes Rendus on 29 April 1901 (the paper offered), he gave the definition of the Lebesgue integral that generalises the notion of the Riemann integral by extending the concept of the area below a curve to include many discontinuous functions. This generalisation of the Riemann integral revolutionised the integral calculus. Up to the end of the 19th century, mathematical analysis was limited to continuous functions, based largely on the Riemann method of integration. There is a problem here, namely that a function which is not Riemann integrable may be represented as a uniformly bounded series of Riemann integrable functions. What made the new definition important was that Lebesgue was able to recognise in it an analytic tool capable of dealing with - and to a large extent overcoming - the numerous theoretical difficulties that had arisen in connection with Riemann's theory of integration.""‎

Référence libraire : 49675

‎CATHERINE THE GREAT (CATHERINE II) - CHURCH SLAVONIC RITUAL.‎

‎Church Slavonic/ Cyrrilic letters (On the Church and the Sacrements).‎

‎(City of the Regent (St. Petersburg), November 7303 (= 1795)). 4to. Contemp. full calf over wood, remains of clasps. The covers bent. A crack in the wood and leather on the backcover. 82 leaves (164 pp). Printed on thick paper, internally clean. A small nick to margin on the first leaf.‎

‎First edition of Catherine's Church Ritual for the Old Believers.‎

Référence libraire : 49686

‎"EULER, LEONHARD. - DEVELOPING THE TURBINE THEORY.‎

‎Recherches sur l'effet d'un machine hydraulique proposée par M. Segner, professeur à Goettingue. (Research concerning the effects of a hydraulic machine proposed by M. Segner, professor at Gottingen)‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1752). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome VI, Année 1750. Pp. 311-354 and 5 folded engraved plates.‎

‎First edition. In this importent paper Euler perfection Segner's hydraulic turbine, giving the theory of hydraulic turbines created in accordence with the principle of action and reaction.""In this work, Euler gives a complete hydraulic analysis, an early example of the theory of relative motion. He also shows that very high speeds are necessary for good efficiency. He argues that ""by means of fixed conducting tubes, adjust the incoming velocity of the water so that the speed of efflux relative to the rotor is zero"" in this way, the theorietical efficiency will be 100% at the desired speed of operation.""""(Truesdell).Enestroem: 179.‎

Référence libraire : 49696

‎"LOEB, JACQUES. - ""TROPISM"" AS THE BASIS OF PSYCHOLOGY.‎

‎Einleitung in die vergleichende Gehirnphysiologie und vergleichende Psychologie. Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Wirbellosen Thiere. Mit 39 Abbildungen.‎

‎Leipzig, arth, 1899. Contemp. hcalf. Gilt spine with gilt lettering. (8),207,(2) pp. Stamp on foot of title-page and on last page. Inernally fine and clean.‎

‎First edition of a main work on the the physiology of the nerves in the lower animals. Loeb founded the theory of ""tropism"" as the basis of the psychology of the lower forms of life and he became the apostle of the mechanistic conceptions in biology.Loeb became one of the most famous scientists in America, widely covered in newspapers and magazines. He was the model for the character of Max Gottlieb in Sinclair Lewis's Pulitzer-winning novel Arrowsmith, the first great work of fiction to idealize and idolize pure science. Mark Twain also wrote an essay titled ""Dr. Loeb's Incredible Discovery"", which urges the reader not to support a rigid general consensus, but instead be open to new scientific advances.Loeb was nominated many times for the Nobel Prize but never won. - Garrison & Morton: 1428.‎

Référence libraire : 49746

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - THE EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE.‎

‎Lichtsgeschwindigkeit und Statik des Gravitationsfeldes (&) Zur Theorie des statischen Gravitationsfeldes"‎

‎(Leipzig, Barth),1912. 8vo. No wrappers. In: ""Annalen der Physik IV, Bd. 38"", No 7. Pp.249-472 a. 3 plates. (Entire issue offered). Einstein's papers: pp. 355-369 and pp. 443-458. Clean and fine.‎

‎Both papers in first edition, and they are considered as the first appearance of a Nonlinear Field Equation for Gravitation. ""Einstein published two remarkable memoirs in 1912 which were efforts to construct a complete theory of gravitation incorporating the equivalence principle. In these memoirs Einstein supposed that the gravitational field can be characterized completely by one function, the local speed of light, analogous to the Newtonian description, where only the gravitational potential appears. By an extraordinary argument he extended the potential equation of Newton...In his second Memoir in 1912, he used the equivalence principle to show the influence of a static gravitational field on electromagnetic and thermal processes."" (DSB IV p.320 ff). - Weil No. 47 and 48.‎

Référence libraire : 49779

‎"SEUTTER, GEORG MATTHÄUS. - SCANDINAVIA AND THE BALTIC.‎

‎Synopsis Plagae septemtrionalis sive Sueciae Daniae et Norvegiae Regn.‎

‎(Wien, ca. 1730) (49x58,5 cm.). Kobberstukket, håndkoloreet Skandinavienskort med Estland, Letland, Litauen og det vestlige Rusland. Velbevaret indrammet under glas i fin ramme af brun birketræsfiner. Håndkolorereingen en smule svag.‎

‎Kortet er fra Seutter's ""Atlas Novus"", som blev udgivet 1730-35.‎

Référence libraire : 49794

‎"SMOLUCHOWSKI, MARIAN. - WHY IS THE SKY BLUE ?‎

‎Molekular-kinetische Theorie der Opaleszenz von Gasen im kritischer Zustande. sowie einiger verwandter Erscheinungen. (Kinetic Theory of Gas Opalescence at the Critical State). (Bearbeitet nach einer am 2. December 1907 der Krakauer Akademie vorgelegt...‎

‎(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth), 1908 No wrappers. In: ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Hrsg. von W. Wien und M. Planck."", Vierte Folge. Band 25, No 2. Pp. 185-376. The entire issue offered. Smoluchowski's paper: pp. 206-226The block is punched in inner margins after cords.‎

‎First German edition. ""His paper ""Teoria kinetyczna opalescencji gazów w stanie krytycznym"" (""kinetic Theory of Gas Opalescence at the Critical Stale"" 1907) - the paper offered in the German version - shows why the critical point plays such an important role and states that the opalescence of pure gas also should be observable under normal conditions: ""Each of us has observed it innumerable times when admiring the blue of the sky or the glow of the rising sun."" Smoluchowski combined the theory of fluctuations with the results of Lord Rayleigh’s researches on the blue of the sky" his finding (Einstein also took part in the discussion) was that the blueness of the sky was caused by fluctuations in the density of the air. Smoiuchowski’s laboratory production of sky blue closed the investigation to a certain extent.that pure air can opalesce in the laboratory under normal conditions.‎

Référence libraire : 49835

‎"LE CHATELIER, HENRI LOUIS. - INVENTION OF THE PLATINUM THERMOCOUPLE.‎

‎Sur la variation produite par une élèvation de température, dans la force électromotrice des couples thermo-électriques.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1886. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 102, No 14. Pp. (783-) 834. (Entire issue offered). Le Chatelier's paper: pp. 819-822.‎

‎Firs printing of an importent paper in thermometry where he demonstrates that high temperatures could be precisely measured by way of a platinum wire in conjunction with a platinum-rhodium alloy wire.""It is to Henri Louis Le Chatelier th a t we owe the successful practical use of the platinum thermocouple which for many years was in fact known by his name. Among his many activities Le Chatelier was engaged in the study of silicates and cements and needed a reliable method of measuring high temperatures. In 1886 he reported to the Académie des Sciences an investigation on the use of thermocouples for this purpose in which he had tried to verify the parabolic relationships found by Professor T a i t between the electromotive force and the temperature of the hot junction, the cold junction being at 0°C. Using various metals and alloys against platinum, which he calibrated at the known melting points of lead, zinc, aluminium, silver, gold, copper and palladium, he obtainedresults that agreed with his calculations to within 20°C (11). He also came to the conclusion that of the various combinations he had used, platinum against 10 per cent rhodium-platinum gave the most consistent results."" (Donald McDonald and Leslie B. Hunt).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1885 P.‎

Référence libraire : 49879

‎"POISSON, (SIMÉON-DENIS). - COINING THE PHRASE ""LAW OF LARGE NUMBERS""‎

‎Recherches sur la probabilité des jugements, principalement en matière criminelle. (+) Note sur la loi des grands nombres. (+) Note sur le calcul des probabilités. (+) Formules relatives aux probabilités qui dépendent de très grands nombres. (3 papers).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1835-36. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 1, Séance du Lundi 14 Décembre 1835 and tome 2, Séance Lundi 11 Avril 1836 + Séance Lundi 27 Juin 1836 + Séance du Lundi 18 Avril 1836. + Pp. (467-) 498, (355-) 386, (387-) 402 a. pp. (601-) 630. (4 entire issues offered. Poisson's papers: pp. 473-495 (1835), pp. 377-380, pp. 395-400 and pp. 603-13. (1836). Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of 3 importent paper in probability theory, serving as a preamble to Poissons's famous work published two years later, and with nearly the same title ""Recherches sur la probabilité des jugements en matiere criminelle et en matiere civile"" (1837). The paper offered introduces THE LAW OF LARGE NUMBERS (Loi universelle des Grandes nombres, pp. 478-79), a key concept in probability theory. Poisson states that all events of a moral as well as of a physical nature are subject to this universal law. His definition (in English translation) on p. 478 reads ""Things of every kind obey a universal law that we may call the law of large numbers. Its essence is that if we observe a very large number of events of the same nature, which depend on constant causes and on causes that vary irregularly, sometimes in another, 1.e., not progressively in any determined sense, then almost constant proportions will be found among numbers"" (p. 478 in the first memoir).‎

Référence libraire : 49883

‎"MANTOUX, CH. (CHARLES) - THE INVENTION OF THE ""MANTOUX TEST"" FOR TUBERCULOSIS.‎

‎Intradermo-reaction de la tuberculine.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1908. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 147, No 6. Pp. (323-) 366 (entire issue offered). Mantoux's paper: pp. 355-357.‎

‎First printing of the paper in which Mantoux published his invention of the famous test for tuberculosis.""The Mantoux test or Mendel-Mantoux test (also known as the Mantoux screening test, tuberculin sensitivity test, Pirquet test, or PPD test for purified protein derivative) is a screening tool for tuberculosis (TB). It is one of the major tuberculin skin tests used around the world, largely replacing multiple-puncture tests such as the Tine test."" (Wikipedia). - Garrison & Morton: 2341 (listing only the paper from 1910).‎

Référence libraire : 49892

‎BOLTEN, JOACHIM FRIEDRICH. - THE ANIMAL-PLANT DISCUSSION.‎

‎Ad illustrem systematis Naturae Authorem Carolum a Linné equitem auratum Epistola de Novo qvodam Zoophytorum genere. (And) Nacricht von einer neuen Thierpflanze. (2 Parts).‎

‎Hamburg, Heroldischen Buchhandlung, 1770. Large 4to. Orig. blank blue covers. Backstrip nearly gone. 11,12 pp. and 1 large folded handcoloured engraved plate (42x25,5 cm.). The plate strenghtened in folding on verso. A large uncut copy, printed on thick paper. Clean and fine.‎

‎First edition of Bolton's discussion on how to place the newly found Zoophytes in the Linnean system, is it animal or plant, does the genus belongs to zoology or botany ?. In a previous letter to Linné the same year he tells him, that he intends to publish a work on a new zoophyte and ask for permission to dedicate it to Linné as a token of his high esteem.‎

Référence libraire : 50067

‎CALVISIUS, SETHUS. - THE ASTRONOMICAL SYSTEM OF CALVISIUS.‎

‎Opus Chronologicum : Ex autoritate potissimum Sacrae Scripturae & Historicorum Fide Dignissimorum " Ad motum Luminarium coelestium, tempora & annos distinguentium ... & deductum usque ad nostra tempora. Cui praemißa est Isagoge Chronologica, In qua Cu...‎

‎Franckfurt, Thumius, 1629. 4to. Contemp. full, richly blindtooled pigskin over wood. Raised bands. Ms title on spine. Engraved pictorial titlepage, engraved portrait. Printed titlepage in red/black. (10),242,1294,(84) pp. A faint dampstain to some right margins of some leaves in the Index. Internally fine.‎

‎Calvisius was a significant astronomer, apart from beeing a noted composer and musical theorist. In this, his ""Opus Chronologicum"" he set forth his own astronomical system which he based on the records of nearly 300 historical eclipses cited and expounded here in their historical context. ""Les rapprochements entre les phénoménes célestes et les événements de l'histoire sont établis avec beaucoup d'érudition."" (Houzeau & Lancaster No 12831). - Zinner, 4029 (the first edition of 1605).‎

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‎"DAVY, HUMPHRY - THE DISCOVERY OF POTASSIUM AND SODIUM (FRENCH VERSION).‎

‎Recherches ëlectrochimiques sur la décomposition des terres, avec des observations sur les métaux obtenus des terres alcalines, et sur un amalgame produit avec l'ammoniaque. Tireeis des Transactions philosophiques, et traduites par M. C.A. Prieur. (+)...‎

‎Paris, Mad. Ve Barnard, 1809. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Wear to top of spine. A few scratches to binding. Small stamps on verso of titlepage.In: ""Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie"" Tome 70. 336 pp. (Entire volume offered). Davy's paper: pp. 189-254.‎

‎First edition in French (the first English 1808) of this importent historical paper in chemistry, in which Davy shows that electricity is capable of decomposing some alkalies, isolating two new substances and discovering potassium and sodium. Neville in his Historical Chemical Library vol. I, p.340, writes about this paper ""ONE OF THE GREAT CLASSIC RESEARCHES IN CHEMISTRY, in which Davy announced in this, his second Bakterian lecture, the isloation of metallic potassium and sodium by the electrolytic decomposition of their fused oxides.""""He (Davy) began his own electrical experiments...The results were spectacular. On October 6, 1807, the current passing through molten potash liberated a metal, which Davy called potassium. The little globules of shining metal tore the water molecule apart as it eagerly recombined with oxygen and the liberated hydrogen burst into lavender flame. Davy danced about in a delirium of joy. A week later he isolated sodium from soda.""(Asimow). The paper offered here describes these discoveries.""Humphry Davy was one of the most brilliant chemists of the early nineteenth century. His early study of nitrous oxide brought him his first reputation, but his later and most importent investigations were devoted to electrochemistry. Following Galvani's experiments and the discovery of the voltaic pile, interest in galvanic electricity had become widespread. The first electrolysis by means of the pile was carried out in 1800 by Nicholson and Carisle, who obtained oxygen and hydrogen from water. Davy began to examine the chemical effects of electricity in 1800, and his numerous discoveries were presented in his Bakerian lecture to the Royal Society on November 20, 1806. (A Source Book in Chemistry p. 243).‎

Référence libraire : 50198

‎[THE ECONOMIST].‎

‎The Economist. Vol. CXXXVIII, no 5033, February 10.‎

‎London, Eyre and Spottiswoode Limited, 1940. Folio. In the original printed wrappers. A fine and clean copy. Pp. II, 239-280‎

‎Original printing of The Economist - the most important and influential economic journal worldwide.‎

Référence libraire : 50277