‎Chimie‎

‎"PROUST, (JOSEPH LOUIS).‎

‎Faits pour servir à la l'Histoire des Prussiates. (+) Suite pour servir... (+) Faits pour l'histoire du cobalt et du nickel.‎

‎Paris, Chez Bernard, 1806. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Wear to top of spine.Slightly rubbed. Stamp to verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie"" Tome 60. 336 pp., 1 engraved plate. (Entire volume offered). Proust's papers: pp. 185-224, 225-252, 260-279.‎

‎Also with papers by Vaguelin, Parmentier, humphrey Davy (transl. into French), Riffault etc.‎

书商的参考编号 : 48190

‎"MITSCHERLICH, EILHARD. - THE LAW OF ISOMORPHISM ANNOUNCED.‎

‎Sur la Relation qui existe entre la forme cristalline et les proportions chimiques. IIe Memoire sur les Arséniates et les Phsophates. (Traduit, par l'Auteur lui-même, des Mèmoires de l'Academie royale des Sciences de Stockholm, pour l'an 1821, tome I.).‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1821. Without wrappers. In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Volume 19, Cahier 4. Titlepage to vol. 19. Pp. 337-442 a. 2 folded plates. (Entire issue offered). Mitscherlich's paper: pp. 350-419. 2 large folded engraved plates (crystalforms). A few minor brownspots.‎

‎First French edition - in the authors own form and translation - of Mitcherlich's announcment of his discovery of Isomorphism, stating that similar crystalline form reflect analogous chemical formulae, which Berzelius used in fixing the formulas of compounds. Mitcherlich was at this time an assistent to Berzelius, and the first printing of this classical paper appeared the same year in Akad. Handl., Stockholm. The paper was soon afterward printed in French (the paper offered) and English, and Berzelius discussed it in his ""Jahresbericht"", so that the work quickly became known. - Leicester & Klickstein pp. 306-08.""The statement of the law of isomorphism...marks Mitscherlich's most importent contribution to chemistry - indeed, Berzelius considered Mitscherlich's discovery to be the most significant since that of chemical proportions. Berzelius himself found Mitscherlich's work to be of great use"" he was at that time concerned with the determination of the atomic weights of the elements amd the law of isomorphism provided him with a valuable tool....Berzeluius' task was simplified by the application of Mitscherlich's law...""(DSB IX, p. 424).‎

书商的参考编号 : 48230

‎"LUNIN, N.‎

‎Ueber die Bedeutung der anorganischen Salze für die Ernährung des Thiers. [In Hoppe-Seyler Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie, V. Band, 1. Heft, 1881]. - [THE STARTING-POINT OF MODERN RESEARCH ON VITAMINS]‎

‎Strassburg, Trübner, 1881. 8vo. Entire volume (V. Band), bound in a nice contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Stamps to title-page and old crossed-out numberings. Otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. (31) - 56. [Entire volume: (4), 436 pp. + 2 plates).‎

‎Scarce first edition of this milestone paper on vitamin research, which constitutes ""the starting-point of modern research on vitamins"" (G&M), being the first documentation of the existence of dietary factors of the nature of vitamins. In spite of its groundbreaking character, Lunin's discovery passed almost unnoticed and his foundational conclusions did not convey further investigation until years later. ""In 1880 Lunin showed that a synthetic milk diet inhibited the growth of animals. Little attention was paid to this discovery."" (PMM 404). It was not until Hopkin's 1912 milestone paper (""Feeding Experiments..."") that the scientific explanation of Lunin's observations was produced.""It is now generally agreed that the first clear evidence, based upon experiment, for the existence of dietary factors of the nature of vitamins came from the school of Bunge at Basel. In 1881 Lunin, one of the workers in that school, fed mice upon an artificial mixture of the separate constituents of milk: of all the constituents, that is, which were then known, namely the proteins, fats carbohydrates, and salts. He found that upon such a mixture the animals failed to survive and was led to conclude that ""a natural food such as milk must therefore contain besides these known principal ingredients small quantities of unknown substances essential to life"". Such a statement, already half a century old, when allowed to stand out clear and apart from a context which tended to bury it, seems to contain the essentials of what is believed today."" (Hopkins, p. 213). ""Working in Bunge's laboratory, Lunin prepared synthetic milk diets and showed that they lacked an unknown factor necessary for animal growth, and that animals cannot live on a chemically pure (i.e. vitamin-free) diet. This was the starting-point of modern research on vitamins."" (Garrison & Morton). Garrison & Morton: 1042.See:Sir F.G. Hopkins: The Earlier History of Vitamin Research. In: Nobel Lectures. Physiology or Medicine. 1922-1941. Nobel Foundation, 1999.‎

书商的参考编号 : 48584

‎"AMPÈRE, ANDRÉ-MARIE‎

‎Mémoire sur une nouvelle Expérience électrodynamique, sur son application à la formule qui représente l'action mutuelle de deux élemend de conducteurs voltaïques, et sur de nouvelles conséquences déduites de cette formule (+) Lettre de M. Ampère à M.... - [""ONE OF THE MOST CELEBRATED MEMOIRS IN THE HISTORY OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY""]‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1825. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 29. Entire volume offered. Very light occassional foxing, otherwise a fine and clean copy with no institutional stamps. Pp. 381-404"" 373-381. [Entire volume: 448 pp. + folded plate].‎

‎First appearance of this famous memoir, in which Ampère presented his collected results on electrodynamics to the French Academy, creating the foundation of 19th century developments in electricity and magnetism. In the words of James Clark Maxwell, ""We can scarcely believe that Ampère really discovered the law of action by means of the experiments which he describes. We are led to suspect, what, indeed, he tells us himself, that he discovered the law by some process which he has not shown us, and that when he had afterwards built up a pefect demonstration he removed all traces of the scaffolding by which he raised it."" The offered memoir was published BEFORE the famous ""Theorie mathématique des phénomènes électro-dynamiques uniquement déduite de L'expérience"", which did not appear until 1827. That 1827-Memoire incorporates, together with a new presentation of Ampère's results from 1820, 1822, 1823, the offered memoir (1825). (Horblit: 100 - Dibner: 62). ""From 1814 until 1820 Ampére did not perform the kind of research that would have made it into the annals of the histrory of science, but on September 11, 1820 when he heard Francois Arago speak about Oersted's work, he got fresh inspiration and started the work that made him famous. Arago related how Oersted had found that a steady electric current influences the orientation of a compass needle. After a weak Ampère had determined experimentally that that two straight, parallel, and current-carrying, wires execute a force on each other. The magnitude of the force is inversely proportional to the distance between the wires and proportional to the strenghts of the current..... During the following years he continued his researches, both experimentally and theoretically. he built an instrument for measuring electricity that later was developed into the galvanometer. Finally in 1825 he presented his collected results to the Academy IN ONE OF THE MOST CELEBRATED MEMOIRS IN THE HISTORY OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY (The paper offered)."" (Citizen's Compendium, p. 2). - Norman No 47. The volumes contain many other notable papers by: Wöhler, Fresnel, Marcet, Berzelius, Felix Savart, De la Rive, Braconnet, Boussingault, Magnus, Poncelet, Vaugelin, Poisson, Gay-Lussac, Faraday, Laplace etc.‎

书商的参考编号 : 59780

‎"LAURENT, AUGUSTE‎

‎Sur la Chlorophéniise et les Acides Chlorophénisique et Chlorophénèsique. (+) Sur l'Acide Camphorique. (+) Essai sur l'Action du Chlore sur la Liqueur des Hollandais et sur quelques Ethers. - [FIRST CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND THE ""SUBSTITUTION THEORY""]‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1836. 8vo. In contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 2e Series, Tome 63. Entire volume offered. Some scattered brownspots, other fine with no institutional stamps. Laurent's papers: pp. 27-45, pp. 207-219 a. pp. 377-389. [Entire volume: 448 pp].‎

‎First apperance of 2 milestone papers in organic chemistry, in which Laurent ""converted Dumas' theory into a real theory theory of substitution by making the importent addition that when a compound undergoes chlorination, the chlorine takes the place , and, as it were, plays the part of the hydrogen, which is removed.""(Findley). In these papers Laurent published his table of chloridised compounds, many being then unknown. His table is THE FIRST ATTEMPT AT A CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS based on the generating hydrocarbonates. (Partington IV, p. 382-83). His system of classification had a profound influence on the development of organic chemistry. ""A founder of modern organic chemistry, Laurent was one of the most important chemists of the nineteenth century. He considered the behavior of matter to be a manifestation of its intimate internal structure, which one cannot determine with certainty but which one has to investigate if one wants to understand. Laurent’s preoccupation was to construct a method that could guide the chemist forward along this path, from facts to their causes. He was the first chemist to intimately associate crystallo-graphic data and chemical studies. Louis Pasteur and Charles Friedel later followed the way.""(DSB). The volume contains other notable papers: Gay-Lussac (5 papers), Boussingault, Pelouze, Justus Liebig etc. etc.‎

书商的参考编号 : 59782

‎"LAURENT, M. A.‎

‎Sur l'Hydrobenzamide.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1836. 8vo. In contemporary half calf with gilt lettering spine and five raised bands. The original wrappers withbound in the back. In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", tome 62. Entire volume offered. Paper label pasted on to top of spine. Three stamps to verso of title-page. A few light occassional brownspots, otherwise a fine copy. 23-31. [Entire volume: 448 pp.].‎

‎First appearance of Laurent's paper in which he presents his discovery of the compound Hydrobenzamid.‎

书商的参考编号 : 59784

‎"PELLETIER, PIERRE et JOSEPH CAVENTOU.‎

‎Note sur un nouvel Alcali (Lu à l'Academie des Sciences le 10 août 1818. - [THE DISCOVERY OF STRYCHNINE]‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1818. 8vo. In contemporary half calf. Wear to extremities and paperlabel pasted on to top to spine. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 8 (Cahier 3). Entire volume offered. Stamps to verso of title-page and verso of plates. (Pelletier & Caventou's paper): pp. 323-324. (Entire issue:) 448 pp. + 1 plate.‎

‎First printing of this classic paper in chemistry in which the authors announced their discovery of Strychnine. This was the first alkali of vegetable origin to be discovered after morphine. This discovery (and their discovery of chlorophyll) brought them international fame. ""Strychnine was only the second alkaloid to be extracted, the first was morphine. Pelletier and Caventou wanted to name their new alkaloid vauqueline after Nicolas Vauquelin, one of their associates who had refined the technique of ether extraction for use in isolating alkaloids. However, the officers of the Académe des Sciences in Paris rejected the idea on the grounds that a respected scientist’s name should not be paired with a deadly poison. In addition to strychnine the pair isolated other important compounds from plants including caffeine, chlorophyll and the anti-malaria drug quinine. (Paul L. Burnham). Parkinson:""Breakthroughs"", 1818 C. - Garrison & Morton: 1846. The first issue also contains their importent memoir ""Examen chimique de la Cochenillee et de sa matière colorante"", pp. 250-287 which describes how they obtained crotonic acid from croton oil and analyzed carmine in the cochineal.‎

书商的参考编号 : 59820

‎"GRATY, ALFRED MARBAIS DU.‎

‎De la Fabrication de la Poudre de Guerre dans la plupart des Pays de L'Europe, suivi d'un apercu sur la Confection des Capsules Fulminantes.‎

‎Bruxelles, Bols-Wittouck, 1849. 8vo. In a very nice full cloth gift-binding. With following dedication to the Danish King in gilt lettering to front board: ""A / Sa Majesté / Le Roi de Danemark"". With five raised bands with gilt ornamentation to compartments. Gilt frame to front and back board. Light wear to extremities and small paper-label pasted on to lower part of spine, Stamp to verso of front board and title-page, otherwise fine and clean. 125 pp. + folded plate.‎

‎Rare first edition, here in a gift-binding to the Danish King, of Graty's work on gunpowder production in various European countries. Catalogue de la bibliothèque du Ministère de la guerre, Volume 1, No. 2564Bibliographie nationale. Dictoinaire des Écrivains Belges, p. 594.Bibliotheca Belgica p. 59.‎

书商的参考编号 : 59825

‎"DAVISSON, C. [CLINTON] & L. H. GERMER [LESTER].‎

‎The Scattering of Electrons by a Single Crystal of Nickel. - [ELECTRON DIFFRACTION - NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1937.]‎

‎London, Macmillian and Co, 1927. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth with whilte title paper-label to spine. In ""Nature"", vol. 119, 1927, entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and title-pages of each issue.Light wear to extremieies, otherwise fine. Pp. 558-560. [Entire volume: LIX, (1), 948, 100].‎

‎First edition of this seminal and highly influential paper on electron diffraction. Today the paper is regarded as one of the most important in the entire journal of Nature, and it led directly to Davisson receiving the Nobel Prize in physics in 1937. It advanced understanding of physics at the quantum level and led to inventions such as the electron microscope. Davisson and Germer's confirmation of the de Broglie hypothesis if today known as the Davisson-Germer experiment.""Davisson's investigations on the scattering of electrons entered a new phase when, in April 1925, his taget was heavily oxidized by an accidental explosion of a liquid-air bottle. He cleaned the target by prolonged heating and then found the distribution-inangle of the secondary electrons completely changed, new showing a strong dependence on crystal direction. Prior to the accident the target had consisted of many tiny crystals, but heating converted it to several large crystals. Davisson and L. H. Germer, who had replaced Kunsman before the accident, at once began bombarding targets of single crystals. [...] When Davisson returned from England, he and Germer began a systematic research for some sort of interference phenomenon, and in January 1927 they observed electron beams resulting from diffraction by a single crystal of nickle. The results were in good agreement with de Broglie's prediction. For his confirmation of electron waves Davisson shared the Nobel Prize in physics in 1937 with G. P. Thomson."" (DSB, III, 597b-598a).‎

书商的参考编号 : 59913

‎"BUCH, LEOPOLD von. (+) POISSON, (SIMÉON-DENIS).‎

‎Lettre de M. Léopold de Buch à M. A. de Humboldt, renfermant de Tableau géologique de la Partie Mériodinale du Tyrol. (+) Sur la Chaleur des Gaz et des vapeurs. - [THE MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF HEAT - POISSON'S ISENTROPE.]‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1823. 8vo. In a bit later half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 23. Entire volume offered. No institutional stamps. (Buch's paper: pp. 276-304). (Poisson's paper:) pp. 337-352. (The entire issue:) 448 pp. + 2 plates.‎

‎First printing of this important geological survey and description of the Alphs with the first geological mapping of the area.""His (von Buch's) explorations in the southern Alps had suggested to Buch that the towering heigh of the Dolomites might be the result of upheaval, for which he thought the active agent in porphyry, including monozite. he concluded that the magnesia in which this rock is rich would also have been active in transforming the original limestone into dolomite. Buch thus came to vizualize great subterranean activities...""(DSB II, p. 555). _____________________ First appearance of Poisson's important paper on the mathematical treatment of ""specific heats"".""In ""Sur la chaleur des gaz et des vapeurs,"" published in August 1823 in Annales de chimie et de physique, Poisson developed ideas published four months before by Laplace in Book XII of Mécanique céleste. Poisson introduced all the precautions needed to render the confused notion of quantity of heat susceptible to mathematical analysis. He called quantity of heat the magnitude that characterizes the transition of a given mass of gas from an arbitrary initial state of temperature and pressure to another state. This definition makes more abstract the quantitative aspect that naturally follows from the concept of heat as a caloric fluid. Poisson could thus deal comfortably with this magnitude, since for him it is simply a function q of p, p, and ø (pressure, density, and temperature). The equation of state p= ap(1+aø) was already classic, and the growing acceptance of the notions of specific heats, at constant pressure and constant volume, allowed him to write the simple partial differential equation of which should be the integral. He also showed that independently of any additional hypothesis, and whatever the arbitray function used in the integration, the adiabatic transformations (the term did not yet exist) correspond to the formulas p · py = constant and (?+266.67)·p1y= constant, y being the ratio of the specific heats, assumed constant.""(DSB).‎

书商的参考编号 : 60068

‎"WÖHLER, F. et J. LIEBIG‎

‎Sur la Formation de l'Huile d'Amandes amères. (+) Emploi d'un nouveau Médicament en place des Waux distillées du Laurier-Cerise ou d'Amandes amères, proposé par.. F. Woehler et J. Liebig.‎

‎Paris, Crochard et Comp., 1837. 8vo. In half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 64, Cahier 2 (Fevrier 1837). Entire issue offered. Light occassional brownspotting. No institutional stamps, otherwise fine. Wöhler a. Liebig's papers: pp. 185-209 a. pp. 209-217. [Entire issue:] 447 pp.‎

‎First appearance of this classic paper in organic chemistry in which Wöhler and Liebig showed how Amygdalin could be decomposed by a vegetable emulsion, the first example of a glycoside. The papers were issued at the same time in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie"".""The conclusions which you have drawn from the investigation of bitter-almond oil,"" wrote Berzelius to Liebig and Wöhler, ""are certainly the most importent which have so far been reached in the domain of vegetable chemistry, and give promise of shedding an unexpected light over this part of the science...The facts which you have set forth inspire such reflections that they may be regarded as the dawn of a new day in vegetable chemistry.""(Berzelius-Wöhler Briefwechsel).""During the years that Liebig was preoccupied with the ether theory and with organic acids, he also carried out two importent investigations with Wöhler. In october 1836 Wöhler wrote that he had discovered a way to transform amygdalin to oil of bitter almonds and hydrocyanid acis, by distilling it with manganese and sulfuric acid, and he invited Liebig to join in pursuing the topic. Two days later he made a more remarkable discovery. It had occurred to him that perhaps thetransformation of amygdalin could be effected by the albumin in the almonds, in a manner similar to the action of yeast in sugar...Wöhler suspected that the decomposition was an example of what Berzelius had recently defined as catalysis. Liebig and Wöhler then divided up the detailed examination of the properties and composition of amygdalin. They precipitated from the emulsion of almonds a substance which when dissolved retain its action. They named the active substance ""emulsion"". Its effectiveness in very small quantities confirmed that it acted like yeast.""(DSB VIII, p. 342).‎

书商的参考编号 : 60070

‎"HELMHOLTZ, ROBERT VON.‎

‎Untersuchungen über Dämpfe und Nebel, besonders über solche von Lösungen. - [FIRST APPEARANCE OF THE OSTWALD-FREUNDLICH EQUATION.]‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1885. 8vo. As extracted. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie"" 263, no 4. Entire issue offered. Traces from old back-strip. Internlly fine and clean. [Helmholtz's paper:] Pp. 508-543. [Entire issue:] Pp. 481-680 + 3 folded plates.‎

‎First appearance of Helmholtz’s dissertation in which the German physicist derived the Ostwald–Freundlich equation and showed that Kelvin's equation could be transformed into the Ostwald–Freundlich equation. The German physical chemist Wilhelm Ostwald derived the equation apparently independently in 1900" however, his derivation contained a minor error which the German chemist Herbert Freundlich corrected in 1909. The Ostwald–Freundlich equation governs boundaries between two phases specifically, it relates the surface tension of the boundary to its curvature, the ambient temperature, and the vapor pressure or chemical potential in the two phases.‎

书商的参考编号 : 60099

‎"SMOLUCHOWSKI, MARIAN.‎

‎Teoria kinetyczna opalescencji gazów w stanie krytycznym oraz innych zjawisk pokrewnych. - [AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION INSCRIPTION]‎

‎Krakowie, Nakladem Akademii Umiejetnosci, 1908. 8vo. Unopened, uncut in the original printed wrappers. With authors inscription.‎

‎Offprint with author's presentation inscription to front wrapper of the first Polish publication of Smoluchowski's important paper on the reasons behind the blue sky and how to reproduce it. ""In 1910 Theodor Svedberg based his experiments on Smoluchowski's calculations, observing how many particles of a suspension can be seen in the field of vision of a microscope at a given time and experimentally confirming Smoluchowski's predictions to an astonishingly high degree Smoluchowski himself had previously proved the existence of fluctuations of density in a pure gas by demonstrating that they are responsible for the known but unexplained phenomenon of the opalescence of a gas at a critical state. His paper ""Teoria kinetyczna opalescencji gazów w stanie krytycznym"" (""kinetic Theory of Gas Opalescence at the Critical Stale"" 1907) shows why the critical point plays such an important role and states that the opalescence of pure gas also should be observable under normal conditions: ""Each of us has observed it innumerable times when admiring the blue of the sky or the glow of the rising sun."" Smoluchowski combined the theory of fluctuations with the results of Lord Rayleigh's researches on the blue of the sky"" his finding (Einstein also took part in the discussion) was that the blueness of the sky was caused by fluctuations in the density of the air. Smoiuchowski's laboratory production of sky blue closed the investigation to a certain extent."" (DSB).‎

书商的参考编号 : 48709

‎"DAVY, HUMPHRY. - INTRODUCING SCIENTIFIC FARMING.‎

‎Elements of Agricultural Chemistry, in the Course of Lectures for the Board of Agriculture.‎

‎London, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1813. 4to. Contemp. full mottled calf, richly gilt spine. Engraved frontispiece. VIII,323,LXIII,(5) pp. and 9 engraved plates (1 folding). Faint offsetting from plates. A few brownspots. Upper ineer corner of the last 2 leaves with a bit of browning. Wide-margined, a fine copy.‎

‎First edition of this importent work which is considered the first text book dealing with the application of chemistry to agriculture. It is the ""first serious attempt to apply chemistry to agriculture (which) remained a standard work until displaced by Justus Liebig's publications a generation later"" (DSB).""An importent book that introduced the era of scientific farming and the use of ""chemically balanced"" fertilizers.... Davy, the first to use the term 'agricultural chemistry', was also the first to point out that agricultural chemistry is concerned with only a limited number of elements. The most complete list of elements that had yet appeared is given (pp. 39-44), including chlorine, which Davy had proven an element. Davy here recognizes the importence of soil analysis and the measurement of its physical properties. It was well received, and several English and American editions appeared, as well as translations in foreign languages."" (Roy G. Neville Historical Chemical Library Vol. I, pp. 333-334).Duveen, pp. 644-45.‎

书商的参考编号 : 48746

‎"SOBRERO, ASCAGNE. - THE DISCOVERY OF NITROGLYCERIN.‎

‎Sur plusieur composés détonants produits avec l'acide nitrique et le sucre, la dextrine, la lactine, la mannite et la glycérine.‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier),1847. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome XXIV, No. 7. Pp. (209-) 252. (Entire issue offered). Sobrero's paper: pp. 247-248. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Sobrero announced his discovery of nitroglycerin.""When I think of all the victims killed during nitroglycerine explosions, and the terrible havoc that has been wreaked, which in all probability will continue to occur in the future, I am almost ashamed to admit to be its discoverer."" (Sobrero)""Nitroglycerin was synthesized by the chemist Ascagne Sobrero in the middle of the nineteenth century. When he tasted it, as all good nineteenth century chemists did when they discovered a new compound, it gave him what he called a migraine, because of its vasodilatory effect, which was later harnessed in the treatment of angina by William Murrell (1879), following the experience of a distinguished British clinician, Lauder Brunton, using amyl nitrite (1867) Later in the nineteenth century, Alfred Nobel discovered how to stabilize nitroglycerin, using kieselguhr (diatomite) clay"" this led to highly successful industrial applications of dynamite and created the fortune that eventually funded the eponymous prizes. For medical purposes nitroglycerin was subsequently renamed glyceryl trinitrate, to hide the fact that it was literally dynamite as well as metaphorically.""‎

书商的参考编号 : 48815

‎"HEITLER W. & F. LONDON. - UNITING CHEMISTRY WITH QUANTUM MECHANICS.‎

‎Wechselwirkung neutraler atome und homöopolare Bindung nach der Quantenmechanik.‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1927. 8vo. Contemp. hcloth. Gilt lettering to spine. In: Zeitschrift für Physik, Vol. 44. VIII,903 pp. (Entire volume offered). Heitler & London's paper: pp. 455-472. A stamp to titlepage. Clean.‎

‎First appearance of grounbreaking paper which was the first to explain the nature of the chemical bound using wave mechanics and thus explaining the forces active when atoms exchange electrons and creating molecules.""In June, Heitler and London published their famous paper on the hydrogen molecule in which they showed the existence of a new kind of saturable, nondynamic forces, the so-called ""exchange forces"" of attraction or repulsion between like particles, and developed a schematic theory of the homopolar valence which eventually BROUGHT THE WHOLE OF CHEMISTRY UNDER THE SOVEREIGNTY OF QUANTUM MECHANICS. These results not only lent weight to the concept of like particles, they also showed that like particles may be indistinguishable, that is, may lose their identity, a conclusion which follows from the uncertainty relations or, more precisely, from the impossibility of keeping track of the individual particles in case of interactions of like particles. (Jammer in ""The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanic"", pp. 343 ff.).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1927 C.‎

书商的参考编号 : 48881

‎"WÖHLER, F. und J. LIEBIG. - PIONEER WORK IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Recherches sur la Nature de l'Acide Urique.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1838. Contemp. hcalf. Raised bands, spine gilt. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 2e Series, Tome 68. 448 pp. (entire volume offered). Wöhler & Liebig's paper: pp. 225-336. Clean and fine. small stamps to verso of titlepage.‎

‎First French edition of this importent paper in the development of organic chemistry. It is the last joint paper of importence from ""these two men, ...pioneers in the development of organic chemistry, form a twin constellation in the chemical firmament""(Alexander Findley in ""A Hundred Years of Chemistry"", p. 23). The paper is a translation of ""Untersuchungen über die Natur der Harnsäure"", published at the same time in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie (1838), Wöhler and Liebig collaborated on one more major piece of work, a study of uric acid. (The paper offered). Wöhler suggested the subject, and the idea seems to have come from his medical interests. Uric acid was not easily obtainable–snake excrement was the only substantial source–and relationships with urea and allantoin were suspected by Wöhler. As a student he had won a prize in 1828 for an essay on the conversion in the human body of chemicals taken orally and excreted in urine. The technique adopted by Liebig and Wöhler was to subject uric acid, ad the derivatives they prepared, to oxidation and reduction by reagents of different concentrations and strengths. Wöhler seems to have been the first to heat reagents together in sealed glass tubes, but after an explosion he thought metal ones safer.Their 100-page paper described fourteen new compounds and their preparation and analysis.7 An attempt to establish a new radical called ""uril"" (C8N4O4) was less successful. Perhaps even more significant than the sophisticated, practical and theoretical organic chemistry was the new spirit revealed. Writing to Berzelius in 1828, Wöhler was doubtful whether animal substances could be prepared in the laboratory. In 1832 he began the paper on the benzoyl radical with a description of organic chemistry as ""the dark region of organic nature."" But in 1838 his work with Liebig led him to write (at Liebig’s suggestion): ""The philosophy of chemistry will conclude from this work that it must be held not only as probable but [as] certain that all organic substances, insofar as they no longer belong to the organism, will be prepared in the laboratory. Sugar, salicin, morphine will be produced artificially. It is true that the route to these and products is not yet clear to us, because the intermediaries from which these materials develop are still unknown, but we shall learn to know them.""(DSB).‎

书商的参考编号 : 48918

‎"HEITLER W. (+) F. LONDON.‎

‎Wechselwirkung neutraler atome und homöopolare Bindung nach der Quantenmechanik. - [UNITING CHEMISTRY WITH QUANTUM MECHANICS]‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1927. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In: Zeitschrift für Physik, Vol. 44. (Entire volume offered). Stamp to title page otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 455-472. [Entire volume: VIII,903 pp.].‎

‎First appearance of this grounbreaking paper which was the first to explain the nature of the chemical bound using wave mechanics and thus explaining the forces active when atoms exchange electrons and create molecules.""In June, Heitler and London published their famous paper on the hydrogen molecule in which they showed the existence of a new kind of saturable, nondynamic forces, the so-called ""exchange forces"" of attraction or repulsion between like particles, and developed a schematic theory of the homopolar valence which eventually BROUGHT THE WHOLE OF CHEMISTRY UNDER THE SOVEREIGNTY OF QUANTUM MECHANICS. These results not only lent weight to the concept of like particles, they also showed that like particles may be indistinguishable, that is, may lose their identity, a conclusion which follows from the uncertainty relations or, more precisely, from the impossibility of keeping track of the individual particles in case of interactions of like particles. (Jammer, ""The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanic"", pp. 343 ff.).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1927 C.‎

书商的参考编号 : 48980

‎"VAN'T HOFF, J.H. - FOUNDING STEREOCHEMISTRY.‎

‎Die Lagerung der Atome in Raume. Nach des verfassers Broschüre ""La chimie dans l'espace"" deutsch bearbeitet von F. Herrmann. Nebst einem Vorwort von Johannes Wislicenus. Mit in dem text eingedruckten Holzstichen. (1877). (+) Die Lagerung der Atom...‎

‎Braunschweig, Vieweg und Sohn, 1877 u. 1894. Leipzig und Wien, Franz Deuticke, 1892. 8vo. Bound in one well-preserved contemp. hcloth with gilt lettering to spine. X,(2),53 pp. + XII,147 pp. + VIII,128 pp. Halftitle and titlepage to the first work with some brownspots in upper right corners. A few scattered brownspots and a few underlinings, otherwise internally fine and clean. From the library of Hans Rupe (with his exlibris on inside frontcover). Rupe became extraordinary professor for organic chemistry at the University of Basel. In 1912 , he was promoted to ordinary professor for organic chemistry.‎

‎First German edition (in the adaptation of Wislicenus) of van't Hoff's epoch making work ""La chimie dans l'espace"", published 1875 (a French expanded translation of his dissertation of 1874), and in which he established the fact that optically active substances contain at least one ""asymmetric"" carbon atom, that is, a carbon atom linked with four different kinds of atoms or radicals. Together here with the second, much expanded version and also WITH THE FIRST GERMAN EDITION OF OF ""Dix Années..."", which includes nearly three times as much material as the first edition (""La Chimie dans l'Espace""). ""His revolutionary ideas on the theory of the asymmetric carbon atom did not attract the attention of chemists, however, until Wislicenus asked van’t Hoff’s permission for a German translation by one of his pupils, Felix Herrmann.""(DSB).""In 1874, at the age of twenty-two, and with his Ph.D., as yet a few months in the future, he published a startling paper on the structure of organic compounds. Chemists had been puzzling for more than half a centurt over the fact that some organic compounds were optically active while others were not. As long ago as Biot there had been suggestion that this was due to some sort of assymetry, but the nature and location of that asymmetry remained a mystery. Pasteur had located the asymmetry in crystals, but that did not help with respect to the optical activity of subsatnces in soolution.Van't Hoff suggested that the symmetry exisyted in the molecules themselves. He drew four valences of the carbon atom (each represented as a short line or ""bond""), not two-dimensionally toward the four angles of a square, as Couper had done, but three-dimensionally toward the four angles of a tetrahedron. When the tetrahedral arrangement was considered, matters cleared up..."" (Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia..).Van't Hoff was the first to receive the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1901.Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1874 C.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49034

‎"PASTEUR, L. (LOUIS).‎

‎Isomorphisme entre des corps isomères, les uns actifs, les autres inactifs sur la lumiere polarisée.‎

‎(Paris, Mallet-Bachelier), 1856. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 42, No 26. Pp. (1229-) 1280. (Entire issue offerd). Pasteur's paper: pp. 1259-1264. A small paperhole in upper margin of p. 1259.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Pasteur announced his finding that the only legitimate exception to his law (law of optical activity and crystalline form) was one which he himself had discovered"" amyl alcohol which shared with a few other compounds the property of being optically active in the absence of crystalline asymmetry but which also displayed in its mode of crystallization unique features that convinced Pasteur that any ""hidden"" asymmetry could never be revealed.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49067

‎"BIOT, JEAN BAPTISTE. - BIOT'S LAW OF ROTATORY DISPERSION ANNOUNCED.‎

‎Extrait d'un Mémoire sur les Rotations que certaines substances impriment aux axes de polarisation des rayons lumineux.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1818. No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 2me Series - Tome 9, Cahier 4. Pp. 337-444. (Entire issue offered). Biot's paper: pp. 372-396.‎

‎In a paper read to the Academy on 22 September 1818, Biot was able to announce what has become known as Biot’s law of rotatory dispersion. Knowing the specific rotation of a compound, BIOT's law determines the concentration of a solution of that compound. This law is additive, that is to say that the rotatory power of a mixture is the sum of the optical rotations of compounds that constitute the mixture.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49071

‎"MITSCHERLICH, EILHARD. - THE LAW OF ISOMORPHISM ANNOUNCED.‎

‎Sur la Relation qui existe entre la forme cristalline et les proportions chimiques. IIe Memoire sur les Arséniates et les Phsophates. (Traduit, par l'Auteur lui-même, des Mèmoires de l'Academie royale des Sciences de Stockholm, pour l'an 1821, tome I.).‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1821. Contemp. full cloth. Gilt lettering to spine. Light wear to top of spine. A stamp to verso of titlepage. In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Volume 19. 448 pp. a. 1 large folded plate. (Entire volume offered). Mitscherlich's paper: pp. 350-419. 1 large folded engraved plates. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎First French edition - in the authors own form and translation - of Mitcherlich's announcment of his discovery of Isomorphism, stating that similar crystalline form reflect analogous chemical formulae, which Berzelius used in fixing the formulas of compounds. Mitcherlich was at this time an assistent to Berzelius, and the first printing of this classical paper appeared the same year in Akad. Handl., Stockholm. The paper was soon afterward printed in French (the paper offered) and English, and Berzelius discussed it in his ""Jahresbericht"", so that the work quickly became known. - Leicester & Klickstein pp. 306-08.""The statement of the law of isomorphism...marks Mitscherlich's most importent contribution to chemistry - indeed, Berzelius considered Mitscherlich's discovery to be the most significant since that of chemical proportions. Berzelius himself found Mitscherlich's work to be of great use"" he was at that time concerned with the determination of the atomic weights of the elements amd the law of isomorphism provided him with a valuable tool....Berzeluius' task was simplified by the application of Mitscherlich's law...""(DSB IX, p. 424).‎

书商的参考编号 : 49079

‎"LIEBIG, JUSTUS.‎

‎Ueber die Verbindungen, welche durch die Einwirkung des Chlors auf Alkohol, Aether, ölbildendes Gas und Essiggeist entstehen.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1832. No wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 24, Zweites Stück. With titlepage to Bd. 24. Pp. (2),193-396. (Entire issue offered) Small stamps to verso of titlepage. Liebig's paper: pp. 243-295.‎

‎First apperance - published simultaneously in Annalen der Pharmacie - of Liebig's massive paper on the chlor-reactions and discovering Chloral hydrate, which was used as a sedative and hypnotic drug. He also described Chloroform independently of Soubeiran who had prepared it the year before.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49109

‎"RAYLEIGH, LORD (J.W. STRUTT) and WILLIAM RAMSAY. - THE DISCOVERY OF ARGON.‎

‎Argon, a New Constituent of the Atmosphere. Received and Read January 31, 1895.‎

‎London, Harrison and Sons, 1895. 4to. Orig. full cloth. Gilt lettering to spine. Blindtooled covers. First corner a bit bumped. In ""Philosophical Transactions"", Vol. 186 - I, Series A. XIV,(2),602,(4) pp. (Entire volume offered). The paper: p. 187-241 a. 8 textillustrations (apparatus). The title-page with faint brownspots. Otherwise internally clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of this importent paper in the history of chemistry, Lord Rayleigh's most famous discovery, announcing the discovery of this new gas, the first finding of one of the rare gases (inert gases) having unusual properties, and forming a distinct group in the periodic table, and all with zero valency.""The original paper in the ""Philosophical Transactions"" will undoubtly rank as a classic, the investigation having been a particularly brilliant ine."" (Ernst von Meyer in History of Chemistry). For this discovery Lord Rayleigh and W. Ramsay received the Nobel Prize (1904). The volume also contains WILLIAM CROOKES ""On the Spectra of Argon"", OSBORNE REYNOLD ""On the Dynamical Theory of Incompressible Viscous Fluids and the determination of the Criterion"", KARL PEARSON ""Contributions to the Mathematical Theory of Evolution. - II. Skew Variations in Homogenous Materials"" etc.After having made several measuring of the densities of gases, ""Rayleigh came across a curious puzzle. With oxygen, he always obtained the same density, regardless of how the oxygen might be produced, whether from one particular compound, from a second compound, or from the air. The situation was different with nitrogen. The nitrogen he obtained from air constantly showed a slightly higher density than the nitrogen he obtained from any of various compounds. Rayleigh could think of several ways in which the nitrogen obtained from air might be contaminated but none of the possibilities checked out experimentally. He was so frustrated that he went so far as to write to the journal ""Nature"" asking for suggestions. Ramsay, a brilliant Scottish chemist, asked permission to tackle the problem and received it. The upshot was that a new gas, somewhat denser that nitrogen, was discovered to exist in the atmosphere. It was named argon and it was the first of a series of rare gases of unusual properties whose existence had never been suspected.""(Asimow).Dibner, Heralds of Science No. 50 - Neville, Historical Chemical Library vol. II, p.358.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49207

‎"BERZELIUS - THE DISCOVERY OF THORIUM.‎

‎Untersuchung eines neuen Minerals und einer darin enthaltenen zuvor unbekannten Erde.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1829. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 16, Siebentes Stück. (2) + pp., 1 folded engraved plate. Entire issue offered with titlepage to volume 16. Berzelius's paper: pp. 387-415. Clean and fine.‎

‎First German printing - printed simultaneously with the English and Swedish version - of the paper in which Berzelius described his discovery of Thorium, the first element after Uranium to be identified as such. In 1829, Jöns Jakob Berzelius of the Royal Karolinska Institute, Stockholm extracted thorium from a rock specimen sent to him by an amateur mineralogist who had discovered it near Brevig and realised that it had not previously been reported. The mineral turned out to be thorium silicate, and it is now known as thorite. Berzelius even produced a sample of metallic thorium by heating thorium fluoride with potassium, and confirmed it as a new metal. He called the black mineral thorite, in honor of the Scandinavian god Thor.Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1829 C.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49248