‎Mathématiques‎

‎"LIOUVILLE, JOSEPH. - THE EXISTANCE OF TRANSCENDENTAL NUMBERS PROVED.‎

‎Remarques... à des classes très-étendues de quantités dont la valeur n'est ni rationelle ni méme réductible à des irratonnelles algébriques... à un passage du livre des principes ou Newton... (Séance du Lundi 13 mai 1844). (+) Nouvelle démonstratio...‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1844 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 18, No 20 a. 21. Pp. (883-) 898 a. pp. (899-) 960. (Entire issues offered). Liouville's papers: pp. 883-885 a. 910-911.‎

‎"LIPSCHITZ, R.H:2086‎

‎Beiträge zur Theorie der Vertheilung der statischen und der dynamischen Electricität in leitenden Körpern.‎

‎[Berlin, G. Reimer, 1861]. 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle"", 58. Bd. Fine and clean. Pp. 1-53.‎

‎"LOBACHEVSKY (LOBACHEVSKII, LOBACEVSKIJ, LOBATSCHEWSKIJ), (NIKOLAI IVANOVITSCH).‎

‎Pangeometriya (i.e. Pangeometry). (In: ""Uchenye zapiski""). - [""THE MOST CONSEQUENTIAL AND REVOLUTIONARY STEP IN MATHEMATICS SINCE GREEK TIMES""]‎

‎Kazan, Kazan University Press, 1855-56. 4to (263 x 216 mm). In a nice later half calf binding with four raised bands and marbled paper covered boards. Extracted from ""Uchenye zapiski, Imperatorskago Kazanskago Universiteta"", 1855, vol. 1. Two library-stamps to p. 51 with offsetting to p. 50 and small stamp to last free end-paper. With very light creasing to outer margin, otherwise a fine and clean copy. 56 pp.‎

‎Exceedingly rare first appearance of Lobachevsky’s landmark 'Pangeometry', a seminal work that serves as a synthesis of his exploration into non-Euclidean geometry and its practical applications and is widely considered his clearest account of the subject. It is also the conclusion of his life's work and the last and final attempt he made to acquire recognition. Lobachevsky's contributions not only marked a turning point in mathematical thought, but were also a catalyst for profound shifts in physics, and philosophy as they expanded the boundaries of human understanding, challenging 2000 year old conventional wisdom"" consequently, he is often referred to as ""The Copernicus of Geometry"". Lobachevsky wrote his Pangeometry in 1855, the year before his death, at a time when he was completely blind. He dictated two versions, a first one in Russian (the present), and a second in French. Despite his revolutionary work, Lobachevsky’s received little, if any, attention from the scientific community. One reason for this was that his works were published in very small numbers in relatively obscure journals – they seem to have had minimal circulation even within Russia. The present treatise contains basic ideas of hyperbolic geometry, including the trigonometric formulae, the techniques of computation of arc length, of area and of volume, with concrete examples. It also deals with the applications of hyperbolic geometry to the computation of new definite integrals. “Lobachevskii’s geometry represents the culmination of two thousand years of criticism of Euclid’s fifth, or parallel, postulate, which states that given a line and a point not on the line, there can be drawn through the point one and only one coplanar line not intersecting the given line. As this postulate had stubbornly resisted all attempts (including Lobachevskii’s) to prove it as a theorem, Lobachevskii came to the realization that it was possible to construct a logically consistent geometry in which the Euclidean postulate represented a special case of a more general system that allowed for the possibility of hyperbolically curved space. Lobachevskii’s system refuted the unique applicability of Euclidean geometry to the real world, and pointed the way to the Einsteinian concept of variably curved space” (Norman 1379.). “At the same time as Lobachevsky, other geometers were making similar discoveries. Gauss had arrived at an idea of non-Euclidean geometry in the last years of the eighteenth century and had for several decades continued to study the problems that such an idea presented. He never published his results, however, and these became known only after his death and the publication of his correspondence. Janos Bolyai, the son of Gauss’s university comrade Farkas Bolyai, hit upon Lobachevskian geometry at a slightly later date than Lobachevsky. Since Gauss did not publish his work on the subject, and since Bolyai published only at a later date, Lobachevsky clearly holds priority.” DSB. Lobachevsky's non-Euclidean geometry paved the way for further advancements in mathematics, including the development of differential geometry and the study of Riemannian manifolds. These areas of mathematics have found applications in fields as diverse as physics, engineering, and computer science. Furthermore, his work laid the groundwork for Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, which relies on the concept of curved spacetime. It showed that there is no single ""correct"" geometry, but rather multiple valid systems. This led to a broader understanding of the nature of axiomatic systems and their relation to reality - implications that extend well beyond the realm of mathematics, shaping our understanding of space, reality, and the limits of human knowledge.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 60473

‎"LOBATSCHEVSKY (LOBACHEVSKY, LOBACHEVSKII, LOBACEVSKIJ, LOBATSCHEWSKIJ), (NIKOLAI IVANOVITSCH).‎

‎Ueber die Convergenz der uendlichen Reihen (i.e. English: ""On the Convergence of Infinite Series"").‎

‎(Kazan, Universitäts-Buchdruckerei, 1841). 4to. In a contemporary modest half calf over marbled paper boards. Published in a supplement to ""Meteorologische Beobachtungen aus dem Lehrbezirk der Kaiserlich. Russischen Universitaet Kasan"". Heft 1, 1835–1836. 1841. Small stamp to upper outer corner of front free end-paper. A few leaves brownspotted. Book block split between pp. 4 and 5, otherwise a fine copy. 48 pp.‎

‎Exceedingly rare first appearance of this work by Lobachevsky in which he returns to convergence of infinite series, on the foundations of calculus and real analysis, which he previous had dealt with in his 1834-textbook Algerbra and his 1834-paper ‘Ob ischezanii trigonometricheskikh strok’. Here, he expands and further develops the modern definition of the idea of a function in the works of Dirichlet, Poisson, and himself, adding and supplying more proofs. Primarily famous for his non-Euclidean geometry, Lobachevsky published a few papers on such nongeometrical subjects as algebra and the theoretical aspects of infinite series. The chief thrust of his scientific endeavor was, however, geometrical, and his later work was devoted exclusively to his new non-Euclidean geometry, the present work being one of his last on algebra and infinite series.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 60236

‎"LOBACHEVSKY, N.‎

‎Ob izchezanij trigonometrisheskikh strok. [Russian - i.e. On the Convergence of Trigonometrical Series] [In: ""Uchenye zapiski"" (""Scientific Memoirs"") of Kazan University]. - [THE GENERAL DEFINITION OF A FUNCTION]‎

‎Kazan, 1834. 8vo. Contemporary blank, blue wrappers (original?). A closed tear and a bit of staining to back wrapper and some tears and scratches to spine. Internally very nice and clean. Presumably not an off-print, as there are stitching-holes to the margins, indicating that it has been removed from a volume, although the wrappers could look original, certainly contemporary. With the original title-page for Book 11 of the ""Uchenye zapiski"" + pp. (167)-226.‎

‎"LOBATSCHEVSKY (LOBACHEVSKY, LOBACHEVSKII, LOBACEVSKIJ, LOBATSCHEWSKIJ), (NIKOLAI IVANOVITSCH).‎

‎Ueber die Convergenz der uendlichen Reihen (i.e. English: ""On the Convergence of Infinite Series"").‎

‎(Kazan, Universitäts-Buchdruckerei, 1841). 4to. In a contemporary modest half calf over marbled paper boards. Published in a supplement to ""Meteorologische Beobachtungen aus dem Lehrbezirk der Kaiserlich. Russischen Universitaet Kasan"". Heft 1, 1835–1836. 1841. Small stamp to upper outer corner of front free end-paper. A few leaves brownspotted. Book block split between pp. 4 and 5, otherwise a fine copy. 48 pp.‎

‎"LORENTZ, HENDRIK ANTOON.‎

‎Weiterbildung der MaxwellschenTheorie. Elektronentheorie.‎

‎(Leipzig, Teubner, 1904). No wrappers as issued in ""Encyclopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften"", V,2, pp. 145-280.‎

‎"LUSIN, N. [LUZIN].‎

‎Sur le probléme de M. J. Hadamard d'uniformisation des ensembles.‎

‎[Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1930.] 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 190, No 6, Entire issue offered. No backstrip, stamp to first leaf. Pp. 349-51. [Entire issue: Pp. 337-408].‎

‎"LÜROTH, JACOB.‎

‎Beweis eines Satzes tiber rationale Kurven. - [LÜROTH'S THEOREM]‎

‎Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1876. 8vo. Bound in recent full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Mathematische Annalen"", Volume 9., 1876. Entire volume offered. Library label pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper. Small library stamp to lower part of title title page and verso of title page. Very fine and clean. Pp.163-165 [Entire volume: IV, 575 pp.].‎

‎"MATEMATISK MANUSKRIPT - MATHEMATICAL MANUSCRIPT. (CHRISTIAN CRAMER).‎

‎Arithmetica Tyronica. Eller Den Gÿldne Regne Kunst Efter Christian Chramer Forfattede Regne Bog Paa Practique Maade Excercere.‎

‎(Ebbestofte ?), 1770-71. 4to. Bindet dateret 1770 i guldtryk på forperm ligesom ejers initialer i guldtryk O.C.v.H (Oluf Christian v. Hessen) på forperm. Helbind med spejl. og rygforgyldning. Spor efter lukkestroppe. Rygforgyldning. 177 blade (= 354 pp.) i smuk håndskrift, helt igennem er titler og kapiteloverskrifter kalligraferet i rødt og grønt.‎

‎Et omhyggeligt udført matematisk håndskrift, som delvist er bygget på og afskrevet fra Cramers populære regnebog, men også med talrige tilføjelser af emner og øvelsesstykker, omhandlende de fire regnearter og udvidet med kapitler til brug for husholdningsregskab, rentesregning, procentregning, handels-regning (netto,tara-og brutto), arv og skifte, konkurs, vexel-regning (inden-og udenlandsk), mål og vægt-regning, kubik og kvadrat etc.etc.Af dedikationsbladet fremgår, at bogen er lavet til Oluf Christian v. Hessen og at den er overrakt ham af B. Prostrop (?) Ebbestofte 1. Sept. 1770 ""til hans aarsdag"". Af sidste side fremgår, at ""Denne min Zifre-Bog haver jeg fuldendt Dend 11te Aprilj Anno 1771 Pro MDCCLXXI"" og underskrevet A. Heÿm.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 31527

‎"MAUPERTUIS, PIERRE LOUIS MARIE de - FORMEY, JEAN HENRI S.‎

‎Eloge de Monsieur Maupertuis.‎

‎Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1766. 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", Année 1759, tome XV. Titlepage to tome XV a. pp. 464-512. Titlepage with a stamp and engraved vignette.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 44785

‎"MAHALANOBIS, P.C.‎

‎On Large-Scale Sample Surveys. (Offprint from: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Vol. 231, pp.329-451).‎

‎London, Cambridge University Press, 1944. Large 4to. Original printed wrappers. A fine copy. Owner's signature of statistician Anders Hald (the author of ""A History of Mathematical Statistics""). (123 pp.).‎

‎First edition, offprint issue of this important paper in the history of statistics. ""Mahalanobis's contributions to large scale sample surveys are among his most significant and lasting gifts to statistics. He started his work on sample surveys with estimation of area and yield of jute crop in Bengal in 1937. However, it was not easy for him to get these estimates"" controversy between him and the advocates of complete enumeration continued for over a decade. Ultimately he was able to demonstrate that estimates based on sample surveys were often more accurate than those based on complete enumeration, and that sample surveys could yield estimates with small margins of error within a short time and at a smaller cost than complete enumeration. He made many methodological contributions to survey sampling that included optimal choice of sampling design using variance and cost functions, and the technique of interpenetrating network of sub-samples for assessment and control of errors, especially non-sampling errors, in surveys. The concept of pilot surveys was a forerunner of sequential sampling developed by Abraham Wald, as acknowledged by Wald in his book. In addition to introducing these concepts, Mahalanobis raised important and difficult philosophical questions on randomness and representativeness of a sample, which remain relevant and challenging even today. He was elected Chairman of the United Nations Sub-Commission on Statistical Sampling in 1947, and held this post until 1951. His tireless advocacy of the usefulness of sample surveys resulted in the final recommendation of this Sub-Commission that sampling methods should be extended to all parts of the world. Mahalanobis received the Weldon Medal from Oxford University in 1944 and was elected Fellow of the Royal Society, London, in 1945, for his fundamental contributions to statistics, particularly in the area of large-scale sample surveys."" - Heyde: Statisticians of the Centuries, p.436.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 35747

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK.‎

‎On Boltzmann's Theorem on the Average Distribution of Energy in a System of material points.‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1879. 4to. In plain white paper-wrappers with title-page of journal volume pasted on to front wrapper. In ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 12. Fine and clean. Pp. 547-570.‎

‎First appearance of Maxwell's paper on Boltzmann's theorem on the average distribution of motion, in which he showed that when a material system has arrived at that steady distribution of motion among its parts which corresponds in real bodies to thermal equilibrium, the energy of the internal motion for any portion of the system is proportional to the number of degrees of freedom of that portion.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 54753

‎"MACWILLIAMS, JESSIE.‎

‎Permutation Decoding of Systematic Codes. - [FIRST PUBLICATION OF PERMUTATION DECODING]‎

‎New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1964. 8vo. Volume XLIII (63), January, Number 1, part 2, 1964 of ""The Bell System Technical Journal"". In the original blue printed wrappers. Previous owner's stamps to front wrapper. A part from minor light spotting to front wrapper, a very nice and clean copy. Pp. 485-505. [Entire issue: Pp. 339-563].‎

‎First publication of MacWilliam's important paper on permutation decoding.""MacWilliams (1917-1990) was a mathematician who contributed to the field of coding theory. She was born in Stoke-on-Trent, England and studied at the University of Cambridge, receiving her BA in 1938 and her MA in the following year. She spent most of her career at Bell Labs, where she worked on error-correcting codes and co-wrote 'The Theory of Error-Correcting Code with Neil Sloane'."" (Codings: Webster's Quotations, 42 p.)The issue contains the following papers.1. Darlington, Sidney. Demodulation of Wideband, Low-Power FM Signals. Pp. 339-374.2. Froehlich, F.E." Anderson, R.R. Data Transmission over a Self-Contained Error Detection and Retransmission Channel. Pp. 375-398.3. Sunde, E.D. Intermodulation Distortion in Analog FM Troposcatter Systems. Pp. 399-435.4. Harris, S.E. DeGrasse, R.W. Schulz-Dubois, E.O. Cutoff Frequencies of the Dielectrically Loaded Comb Structure as Used in Traveling-Wave Masers. Pp. 437-484.5. MacWilliams, Jessie. Permutation Decoding of Systematic Codes. Pp. 485-505.6. Gordon, Eugene I. Optical Maser Oscillators and Noise. Pp. 507-539.7. Wood, Elizabeth A. The 80 Diperiodic Groups in Three Dimensions. Pp. 541-559.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 43550

‎"MAUPERTUIS, (PIERRE LOUIS MOREAU DE).‎

‎Sur une Question de Maximis et Minimis. - [MAUPERTUIS'S FIRST PAPER]‎

‎Paris, De l'Imprimerie Royale, 1728.. 4to. In a nice contemporary full mottled calf binding with five rasied bands and rchly gilt spines. Gilt borders on covers. In ""Histoire de L'Academie Royale des Sciences. Année M. DCCXXVI"", entire volume offered. Small tear to upper part of spine and ex-libris pasted on to pasted down front end-paper. A fine copy. Pp. 84-94. [entire volume: (8), 84, 341, (2) pp + 16 folded plates.‎

‎First appearance of Maupertuis's first mathematical paper, a solution to the problem maxima and minima.""His early paper represent the the possibilities opened up by the calculus. [The present paper] is as much an exploration of the power of the method to discover unexpected results as it is the solution to a specific problem. The problem is a simple one from plane geometry: to fine trapezoids of greatest and least area, given certain conditions for the length of the sides."" (Terrall, The Man Who Flattened the Earth: Maupertuis).‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 58915

‎"MACWILLIAMS, JESSIE.‎

‎A Theorem on the Distribution of Weights in a Systematic Code. - [MACWILLIAMS IDENTITIES]‎

‎New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1963. 8vo. Volume XLII, January, Number 1, 1963 of ""The Bell System Technical Journal"". In the original printed blue wrapper. Previous owner's stamp to front wrapper. Spine slightly discoulered and lower right corner slightly bumped. A nice and clean copy. Pp. 79-94. [Entire issue: 206 pp].‎

‎"MACWILLIAMS, JESSIE.‎

‎Permutation Decoding of Systematic Codes. - [FIRST PUBLICATION OF PERMUTATION DECODING]‎

‎New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1964. 8vo. Volume XLIII (63), January, Number 1, part 2, 1964 of ""The Bell System Technical Journal"". In the original blue printed wrappers. Previous owner's stamps to front wrapper. A part from minor light spotting to front wrapper, a very nice and clean copy. Pp. 485-505. [Entire issue: Pp. 339-563].‎

‎"MALMSTÉN, C. J.‎

‎De integralibus quibusdam definitis, seriebusque infinitis.‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1849. 4to. Contemporary binding with marbled paper over boards. In ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik"", 38. band, Heft 1-4, 1849. Entire 38. band offered. Fine and clean. Pp. 1-92. [Entire offered volume: IV, 372 pp. + 1 folded plate].‎

‎"MATEMATISK MANUSKRIPT - MATHEMATICAL MANUSCRIPT. (CHRISTIAN CRAMER).‎

‎Arithmetica Tyronica. Eller Den Gÿldne Regne Kunst Efter Christian Chramer Forfattede Regne Bog Paa Practique Maade Excercere.‎

‎(Ebbestofte ?), 1770-71. 4to. Bindet dateret 1770 i guldtryk på forperm ligesom ejers initialer i guldtryk O.C.v.H (Oluf Christian v. Hessen) på forperm. Helbind med spejl. og rygforgyldning. Spor efter lukkestroppe. Rygforgyldning. 177 blade (= 354 pp.) i smuk håndskrift, helt igennem er titler og kapiteloverskrifter kalligraferet i rødt og grønt.‎

‎"MAUPERTUIS, (PIERRE LOUIS MOREAU DE).‎

‎Sur une Question de Maximis et Minimis. - [MAUPERTUIS'S FIRST PAPER]‎

‎Paris, De l'Imprimerie Royale, 1728.. 4to. In a nice contemporary full mottled calf binding with five rasied bands and rchly gilt spines. Gilt borders on covers. In ""Histoire de L'Academie Royale des Sciences. Année M. DCCXXVI"", entire volume offered. Small tear to upper part of spine and ex-libris pasted on to pasted down front end-paper. A fine copy. Pp. 84-94. [entire volume: (8), 84, 341, (2) pp + 16 folded plates.‎

‎"MAUPERTUIS, PIERRE LOUIS MARIE de - FORMEY, JEAN HENRI S.‎

‎Eloge de Monsieur Maupertuis.‎

‎Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1766. 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", Année 1759, tome XV. Titlepage to tome XV a. pp. 464-512. Titlepage with a stamp and engraved vignette.‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK.‎

‎On Boltzmann's Theorem on the Average Distribution of Energy in a System of material points.‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1879. 4to. Extracted and rebound in recent green plain wrappers. In ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 12"" Title-page of vol. 12 withbound. A fine copy. Pp. (2), 547-570.‎

‎"MEALY, GEORGE H.‎

‎A Method for Synthesizing Sequential Circuits. - [FIRST PUBLICATION OF THE MEALY MACHINE]‎

‎New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1955. 8vo. Original full green cloth. Volume XXXIV, 1955 of ""The Bell System Technical Journal"". Library stamp to front free end-paper and title page. Minor bumping to extremities. A nice and clean copy. Pp. 1045-1079. [Entire volume: 13, (3), 1330 pp.].‎

‎First publication of the highly influential Mealy machine: a finite-state machine whose output values are determined both by its current state and by the values of its inputs. Mealy machines are useful to describe how an output is associated with the transition. A full-adder changes state to reflect the carry-in and outputs the sum as the transition takes place. Vending machines can be set up as Mealy machines.Other papers of interest contained in the present volume: 1. Uhlir, A., The Potentials of Infinite Systems of Sources and Numerical Solutions of Problems in Semiconductors Engineering. Pp. 105-1282. Hohn, Franz E." Schissler, L. Robert. Boolean Matrices and the Design of Combinational Relay Switching Circuits. Pp. 177-202.3. Herring, Conyers. Transport Properties of a Many-Valley Semiconductor. Pp. 237-290. 4. Brewer, S.T. Hecht, G.. A Telephone Switching Network and Its Electronic Controls. Pp. 361-402. 5. Doba, Stephen Jr. Kolding, A. Robert. A New Local Video Transmission System. Pp. 677-712. 6. Fox, A.G. Wave Coupling by Warped Normal Modes. Pp. 823-852. 7. Louisell, W.H.. Analysis of the Single Tapered Mode Coupler. Pp. 853-870. 8. Lee, C.Y. Analysis of Switching Networks. Pp. 1287-1315.And many other.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 43021

‎"MEHLER, G. F. (+) NEUMANN, CARL.‎

‎Ueber eine mit den Kugel- und Cylinderfunctionen verwandte Function und ihre Anwendung in der Theorie der Elektricitätsvertheilung (Mehler) (+) Ueber die Mehler'schen Kegelfunctionen und deren Anwendung auf elektrostatische Probleme (Neumann). - [CONICAL FUNCTION]‎

‎Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1881. 8vo. Bound in recent full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Mathematische Annalen"", Volume 18., 1881. Entire volume offered. Library label pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper. Small library stamp to lower part of title title page and verso of title page. Very fine and clean. Pp. 195-236 . [Entire volume: Pp. IV, 608.]‎

‎First printing of these two important papers in the history of Conical function. The functions were introduced by Mehler and expanded by Neumann.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 47126

‎"MEHLER, G. F. (+) NEUMANN, CARL.‎

‎Ueber eine mit den Kugel- und Cylinderfunctionen verwandte Function und ihre Anwendung in der Theorie der Elektricitätsvertheilung (Mehler) (+) Ueber die Mehler'schen Kegelfunctionen und deren Anwendung auf elektrostatische Probleme (Neumann). - [CONICAL FUNCTION]‎

‎Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1881. 8vo. Bound in recent full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Mathematische Annalen"", Volume 18., 1881. Entire volume offered. Library label pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper. Small library stamp to lower part of title title page and verso of title page. Very fine and clean. Pp. 195-236 . [Entire volume: Pp. IV, 608.]‎