‎Matemáticas‎

‎"LAGRANGE, (LA GRANGE), JOSEPH LOUIS. - LAGRANGE'S CONTINUED FRACTIONS.‎

‎Additions au Mémoire Sur la Résolution des Équations Numériques.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1770). 4to. Clean and fine without wrappers as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", Tome XXIV, pp. 111-180. With titlepage to ""Classe de Mathematique"".‎

‎"LAGRANGE, JOSEPH LOUIS.‎

‎Nouvelle Methode pour Résoudre les Équations littérales par les moyen des Séries.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1770). 4to. No wrappers as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome XXIV, pp. 251-326. Clean and fine.‎

‎"LAGRANGE, JOSEPH LOUIS.‎

‎Nouvelle Méthode pour Résoudre les Problemes indéterminés en Nombre entiers.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude & Spener, 1770). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome XXIV, pp. 181-250. Clean and fine.‎

‎"LAGRANGE, JOSEPH LOUIS.‎

‎Sur L'Élimination des Inconnues dans les Équations.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1771). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires des l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome XXV, pp. 303-318. Fine and clean.‎

‎"LAGRANGE, JOSEPH LOUIS.‎

‎Sur la Force des ressorts pliés. (+) Sur le Probleme de Kepler. (2 Memoirs).‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1771). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires des l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome XXV, pp. 167-203 a. pp. 204-233 a. 1 folded engraved plate. With titlepage to ""Classe de Mathematique.""‎

‎"LAGRANGE, JOSEPH LOUIS.‎

‎Théorie des fonctions analytiques, contenant les principes du calcul différentiel, dégagés de toute considération d'infiniment petits ou d'évanouissans, de limites ou de fluxions et réduits à l'analyse algébrique des quantités finies. - [FOUNDATION OF ANALYSIS]‎

‎Paris, De L'Imprimerie de la République, An V (1797). 4to. Uncut and partially unopened. Contemporary manuscript-binding. Provenance: With the exlibris of Stillman Drake - one of the most renown Galileo scholars. Some light brown spotting through out. Otherwise a very good copy. (4),VIII,276 pp.‎

‎"LAMBERT, JOHANN HEINRICH.‎

‎Abhandlung Von dem Gebrauche der Mittagslinie Beym Land=und Feldmessen.‎

‎(München, 1863). 4to. Bound in recent hcloth. Issued in ""Abhandlungen der Churfürstlichen Baierischen Akademie der Wissenschaften"", Bd. I, pp. (3-)54, and 1 folded engraved plate. Fine and clean.‎

‎First edition. - Poggendorff I:1357.‎

Referencia librero : 38812

‎"LAMBERT, JOHANN HEINRICH.‎

‎Mémoire sur quelques Propriétés remarquable des Quantités transcendentes circulaires et logarithmiques. - [LAMBERT'S CONTINUED FRACTIONS AND IRRATIONALITY OF ""N""]‎

‎(Berlin, Haue et Spener, 1768). 4to. No wrappers as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome XVII, pp. 265-322 and 1 folded engraved plate.‎

‎First edition, journal issue. ""One of Lambert's most famous results is the proof of the irrationality of ""N"" and e. It was based on the continued fractions, and two such fractions still bear his name.""(DSB).""Euler's work on continued fractions was used by Johann Heinrich Lambert.....to prove that if x is a rational number (not 0), then ex and tan x cannot be rational. He thereby proved not only that ex for positive integral x is irrational, but that all rational numbers have irrational natural (base e) logarithms.From the result of tan x, it follows tha, since tan (n/4)= 1, that neither n/4 nor n can be rational.Lambert actually proved the convergencee ofthe continued fraction expansion for tan x. (Morris Kline). - Struik, A Source Book, Chapter V, No 17).‎

Referencia librero : 38981

‎"LAMBERT, JOHANN HEINRICH.‎

‎Observations Analytiques.‎

‎(Berlin, C.F. Voss, 1772. 4to. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Nouveaux Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", Annee 1770, pp. 225-244 and 1 engraved plate.‎

‎First edtion. In this paper Lambert starts from a simple problem for a function of 2 variables x and y, then proceeds to expand the method to more difficult differentiations.‎

Referencia librero : 39084

‎"LAMBERT, JOHANN HEINRICH.‎

‎Solution générale et absolue du problème de Trois Corps, moyennant des suite infinies. - [THE THREE BODY PROBLEM]‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1769). 4to. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome XXIII. Pp. 353-364.‎

‎First edition. In this paper Lambert shows that one can solve the classic three body problem by the use of infinite series. This allows numerical approximations, but Lambert notes that nearly nothing in the problem (excepts for the classic easier cases) allows for shortcuts in these calcualtions. More even, approximations of neighboured streches of the orbit to be calculated may even require different approximatuion series, so as to renderr even tables more or less or at least rather ineffective.‎

Referencia librero : 39081

‎"LAMBERT, JOHANN HEINRICH.‎

‎Sur la Méthode du Calcul Intégral.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1769). 4to. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome 18, pp. 441-484.‎

‎First edition. In this paper Lambert gives a classification of integrals, with the objective that one could then list or tabulate solutions to the respective classes.‎

Referencia librero : 39086

‎"LAMBERT, JOHANN HEINRICH. - ESTABLISHING A MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF ORDER.‎

‎Essai de Taxéométrie ou sur la mesure de l'Ordre.‎

‎Berlin, C.F. Voss, 1772. 4to. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Nouveaux Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", Annee 1770. With titlepage to 1770 with engraved vignette. Pp. 327-342.‎

‎First appearance of this importent paper in which Lambert established a mathematical theory of order in all sorts of classifications. He treats the problem of order and its measures not only in relation to natural history or any domain of particulars, but abstractly as a problem of epistemology in general. He attempts to create a new mathematics of ordered systems and to measure by a fraction the elements to which any collection of items departed from the ordered system, and he carries his mathematical ideal even into taxonomy and systematics.‎

Referencia librero : 44755

‎"LAMÉ, G. (+) B. P. E. CLAPEYRON.‎

‎Mémoire sur l’équilibre intérieur des corps solides homogènes. - [VERY EARLY WORKS ON THE THEORY OF ELASTICITY]‎

‎[Berlin, G. Reimer, 1831]. 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle"", 1831, Pp. 145-69.‎

‎First printing of Lamé and Glapeyron seminal paper which constitute one of the very earliest works on the theory of elasticity.Lame's stress ellipsoid, here presented for the first time is an alternative to Mohr's circle for the graphical representation of the stress state at a point. The surface of the ellipsoid represents the locus of the endpoints of all stress vectors acting on all planes passing through a given point in the continuum body.""During their service in St. Petersburg, these two engineers wrote their important memoir ""Sur l'équilibre interieur des corps solides homogénes"" [...]. This memoir owes its importance to the fact that it contains not only a derivation of the equations of equilibrium (which were already known at that time from the work of Navier and Cauchy) but also some applications of these general equations to the solution of problems of practical interest.In the first section of the memoir they deduce the equations of equilibrium using Navier's notion of the molecular forces and show that the same equations are obtained by using the concept of stresses, introduced by Cauchy. In the second section the stresses at a point of an elastic body are studied and it is shown that if, for each plane passing through the point, the corresponding stress is represented by a vector drawn from that point, the ends of all such vectors will be on the surface of an ellipsoid. This is the so-called 'Lamé stress ellipsoid'."" (Timoshenko, History of Strength and Materials Pp. 115-6).""Following his graduation in 1820, he went to Russia with his friend Bénoit Clapeyron. There he was appointed director for the School of Highways and Transportation at St. Petersburg and introduced mechanical testing for the iron used in the construction of suspension bridges. Praised by Todhunter and Pearson for the clarity of his exposition and the depth of his though, Lamé's greatest contributions were made through his lectures and textbooks. He wrote extensively on elasticity and was the first to advance the theory of failure based upon an ultimate tensile stress. His name is immortalized by the ""Lamé Equations"" for determining the strength of thick cylinders"" (Bibliotheca Mechanica, P. 193).‎

Referencia librero : 49764

‎"LAMÉ, GABRIEL. - PROVING FERMAT'S LAST THEOREM FOR n=7.‎

‎Mémoire sur la dernier théoreme de Fermat.‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1839. 4to. No wrappers. Extracted from ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome IX. Pp. 45-46.‎

‎"LANDSBERG, GEORG.‎

‎Über die Krümmung in der Variationsrechnung.‎

‎Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1908. 4to. In ""Mathematische Annalen"", 65. Band, 3 Heft, 1865"". In the original printed wrappers, without backstrip. Front wrapper with small stamp to lower part, otherwise fine and clean. [Clebsch:] Pp. 313-349. [Entire issue: Pp. 331-432].‎

‎"LAPLACE, PIERRE-SIMON.‎

‎Philosophischer Versuch über Wahrscheinlichkeiten. Nach der dritten Pariser Auflage übersetzt von Friedrich Wilhelm Tönnies. Als wissenschaftliche Anleitung zur Berichtigung unsere Urtheile in Fällen der Ungewischheit für Philosophen, Aerzte, Richter,... - [THE LAPLACIAN DETERMINISM]‎

‎Heidelberg, Karl Groos, 1819. Contemp. marbled boards. Title-label with gilt lettering probably of more recent date. A stamp on titlepage. XIV,(2),207 pp. Very light browning to a few leaves and margins, otherwise fine.‎

‎Scarce first German edition of this ground-breaking work. It is the translation of Laplaces's work from 1814 with the title:""Essai philosophique sur la probabilités"" as a separate work of Laplaces introduction to the second edition of his ""Theorie analytique des probalités"". ""It contains the famous passage to the effect that the future of the world is completely determined by the past and that one possessed of the mathematical knowledge of the state of the world at any given instant could predict the future."" (Morris Kline).""The long introduction that Laplace added to the second edition (of Theorie analytique...) was also published separately in the same year, as ""Essai philosophique sur les probabilités""....This essay was extremely popular and influential, unlike the ""Theorie analytique..."" it required no guide and was widely read and quoted. The ""Essay"" was itself the product of years of thought by Laplace"" four different versions saw publication even before the first edition appeared !.....it presented the ideas of the ""Theorie analytique..."" to a broad popular audience while serving as a synopsis of the full treatise, in part mirroring it in organization. (S.M. Stigler in Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics...edited by Grattan-Guiness).‎

Referencia librero : 40130

‎"LAUREMBERG, JOANNE (HANS WILLUMSEN). - TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN DENMARK.‎

‎Lusus et Recreationes ex Fundamentis Arithmeticis depromptæ.‎

‎Hafniæ (Copenhagen), Melchior Martzan, 1634. Lille 8vo. Lidt senere hldrbd. Let rygforgyldning. Rester af titeletiket. Ryg lidt slidt. (4),54,(2) pp., 1 kobberstukket planche. De første blade løse. Mangler blad A8 (Pp. 11-12).‎

‎"LEBESGUE, H. (HENRI LÉON) - REVOLUTIONIZING THE CALCULUS.‎

‎Sur une généralisation de l'intégrale dérfinie. Note de H. Lebesgue, présentée par M. Picard. (Séance du Lundi 29 Avril 1901).‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1901). 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 132, No 17. pp. (1013-) 1080. (Entire issue offered). Lebesgue's paper: pp. 1025-1028. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of Lebesgue's seminal paper on the calculus, which generalized the Riemann integral.""Building on the work of others, including that of Emile Borel and Camille Jordan, Lebesgue formulated the theory of measure in 1901 and in his famous paper Sur une generalisation de l'integrale definie, which appeared in the Comptes Rendus on 29 April 1901 (the paper offered), he gave the definition of the Lebesgue integral that generalises the notion of the Riemann integral by extending the concept of the area below a curve to include many discontinuous functions. This generalisation of the Riemann integral revolutionised the integral calculus. Up to the end of the 19th century, mathematical analysis was limited to continuous functions, based largely on the Riemann method of integration. There is a problem here, namely that a function which is not Riemann integrable may be represented as a uniformly bounded series of Riemann integrable functions. What made the new definition important was that Lebesgue was able to recognise in it an analytic tool capable of dealing with - and to a large extent overcoming - the numerous theoretical difficulties that had arisen in connection with Riemann's theory of integration.""‎

Referencia librero : 49675

‎"LEBESGUE, HENRI.‎

‎Lecons sur L'integration et la Recherce des Fontions primitives.‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1904. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. Wrappers a little soiled. Backstrip repaired with paper pasted on, reaching inner margin of frontwrapper. Internally clean. VIII,138 pp.‎

‎First edition of Lebesgue's lectures on integration, held 1902-03 at Cours Peccot at the Colege de France, summing up his work on the Lebesgue Integral, which is now considered definitive.""Although Lebesgue was primarely concerned with his own theory of integration, he played a role in bringing about the development of the abstract theorie of measure andd integration that prdominate in contemporary mathematical research.""(Thomas Hawkins in DSB).‎

Referencia librero : 38727

‎"LEBESGUE, HENRI.‎

‎Lecons sur les Séries Trigonométriques.‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1906. Contemp. full cloth, gilt lettering on spine. (8),128 pp. A few faint brownspots in the margins of the first leaves, otherwise fine and clean.‎

‎First edition. Lebesgue is known for ""The Lebesgue Integral"" and his invention of measure, called ""The Lebesgue Measure"". The item offered is his second book.‎

Referencia librero : 38673

‎"LEBESGUE, HENRI.‎

‎Lecons sur les Séries Trigonométriques.‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1906. Orig. printed wrappers. Uncut. A few small closed tears to backstrip. Stamps on titlepage. (8),128 pp. Internally clean and fine. From the library of the Danish logician and philosopher Jørgen Jørgensen with his name on frontwrapper.‎

‎"LEBESGUE, HENRI.‎

‎Recherches sur la Convergence des Séries de Fourier.‎

‎Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1905. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Mathematische Annalen, 61. Band, 2. Heft, 1905"". Entire volume 61 offered. Wear to extremities. Book plate to pasted down front free end-paper and library stamp to verso of title page. Pp. 251-80. [Entire volume: IV, 588 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Lebesque's paper in which he extended and accepted Fourier's work that stated that any arbitrary function, defined in a finite interval, can be expressed as a sum of sine and cosine functions: ""In 1905 Lebesgue gave a new sufficient condition for the convergence of the Fourier series to a function f(x) that include all previously known conditions"". (Kleine, P. 1047)‎

Referencia librero : 47379

‎"LEBESGUE, HENRI.‎

‎Recherches sur la Convergence des Séries de Fourier.‎

‎Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1905. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Mathematische Annalen, 61. Band, 2. Heft, 1905"". Entire volume 61 offered. Wear to extremities. Book plate to pasted down front free end-paper and library stamp to verso of title page. Pp. 251-80. [Entire volume: IV, 588 pp.].‎

‎"LEE, C, Y.‎

‎Representation of Switching Circuits by Binary-Decision Programs. - [FIRST PUBLICATION ON BINARY DECISION DIAGRAMS]‎

‎New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1959. 8vo. In the original printed blue wrappers. In ""The Bell System Technical Journal"", Volume XXXVIII, July, Number 4, 1959. Entire issue offered. Light miscolouring to spine. A fine fine and clean copy. Pp. 985-1000. [Entire issue: 909-1065 pp.].‎

‎"LEGENDRE, A.M.‎

‎Die Elemente der Geometrie und der ebenen und sphärischen Trigonometrie. Aus dem Französischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen begleitet von A.L. Crelle. Vierte Auflage der Uebersetzung. (Nach der 12. Auflage des Originals).‎

‎Berlin, Rücker & Pückler, 1844. Contemp. hcalf, spine gilt. Titlelabel somewhat torn with gilt lettering. Spine somewhat rubbed. X,379 pp. and 15 folded engraved plates. Some brownspots and browning to last leaves. A faint dampstain to last ca. 4o lvs. and plates.‎