Research & Education Association. Used - Very Good. Very Good condition. A copy that may have a few cosmetic defects. May also contain a few markings such as an owner’s name short gifter’s inscription or light stamp. Research & Education Association unknown
Bookseller reference : K12A-02667 ISBN : 0738611190 9780738611198
Research & Education Association 1998. Paperback. Very Good. Disclaimer:A copy that has been read but remains in excellent condition. Pages are intact and are not marred by notes or highlighting but may contain a neat previous owner name. The spine remains undamaged. An ex-library book and may have standard library stamps and/or stickers. At ThriftBooks our motto is: Read More Spend Less.Dust jacket quality is not guaranteed. Research & Education Association paperback
Bookseller reference : G0878915087I4N10 ISBN : 0878915087 9780878915088
Springer 1994. Paperback. Acceptable. Disclaimer:A readable copy. All pages are intact and the cover is intact. Pages can include considerable notes-in pen or highlighter-but the notes cannot obscure the text. An ex-library book and may have standard library stamps and/or stickers. At ThriftBooks our motto is: Read More Spend Less.Dust jacket quality is not guaranteed. Springer paperback
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1. Very Good Single CD in the original jewel Case with CD inserts No other books boxes or manuals - great software requires Windows ME/2000/XP/98/95 Windows 7 may not be supported / MAC is supported. 100% Customer Satisfaction Guaranteed unknown
Bookseller reference : 61--859fds ISBN : 0618945962 9780618945962
Research & Education Association. Used - Good. Item in good condition and has highlighting/writing on text. Used texts may not contain supplemental items such as CDs info-trac etc. Research & Education Association unknown
Bookseller reference : 00011620263 ISBN : 0738611190 9780738611198
Research & Education Association. Used - Acceptable. Paperback The item is fairly worn but still readable. Signs of wear include aesthetic issues such as scratches worn covers damaged binding. The item may have identifying markings on it or show other signs of previous use. May have page creases creased spine bent cover or markings inside. Packed with care shipped promptly. Research & Education Association paperback
Bookseller reference : N-03-2552 ISBN : 0878918981 9780878918980
Pearson Learning Solutions. Used - Good. Good condition. 2nd custom edition. for Frederick Community College A copy that has been read but remains intact. May contain markings such as bookplates stamps limited notes and highlighting or a few light stains. NOT AVAILABLE FOR SHIPMENT OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. Pearson Learning Solutions unknown
Bookseller reference : L18I-00008 ISBN : 1256442526 9781256442523
Pitman Publishing 1956. Hardcover. Good. Disclaimer:A copy that has been read but remains in clean condition. All pages are intact and the cover is intact. The spine may show signs of wear. Pages can include limited notes and highlighting and the copy can include previous owner inscriptions. At ThriftBooks our motto is: Read More Spend Less.Dust jacket quality is not guaranteed. Pitman Publishing hardcover
London: University Tutorial Press 1944 'Revised and rewritten by George Walker'. Fifth edition second printing 'War Economy Standard'. In fairly good pale blue cloth boards with black titles to front and back strip. Tight covers and spine but sunned around the edges and on spine also grubby. Clean end papers. Cut edges foxed and slightly tanned. Very good text block tight clean except for slight foxing on some fore edges and frayed corners and spine ends. Overall good condition. Scarce edition. University Tutorial Press hardcover
Algebra und Geometrie 2. Moduln und Algebren: Algebra und Geometrie 2. Moduln und Algebren. Softcover. Algebra und Geometrie 2. Moduln und Algebren <br/><br/>Algebra und Geometrie 2. Moduln und Algebren Algebra und Geometrie 2. Moduln und Algebren paperback
Bookseller reference : BN25704 ISBN : 3326001932 9783326001937
Independently Published 2018. Paperback. Good. Disclaimer:A copy that has been read but remains in clean condition. All pages are intact and the cover is intact. The spine may show signs of wear. Pages can include limited notes and highlighting and the copy can include previous owner inscriptions. At ThriftBooks our motto is: Read More Spend Less.Dust jacket quality is not guaranteed. Independently Published paperback
Bookseller reference : G1980571295I3N00 ISBN : 1980571295 9781980571292
Research & Education Association 1998. Paperback. Good. Disclaimer:A copy that has been read but remains in clean condition. All pages are intact and the cover is intact. The spine may show signs of wear. Pages can include limited notes and highlighting and the copy can include previous owner inscriptions. At ThriftBooks our motto is: Read More Spend Less.Dust jacket quality is not guaranteed. Research & Education Association paperback
Bookseller reference : G0878915087I3N00 ISBN : 0878915087 9780878915088
Research & Education Association 1998-01-01. Paperback. Good. No CD Included. Access code may be previously used. Moderate dirt wear wrinkling or creasing on cover or spine. Good binding. Moderate writing and highlighting. Cover has used book stickers or residue. Marker on cover or bottom edge of book. Research & Education Association paperback
Bookseller reference : 0878915087-3 ISBN : 0878915087 9780878915088
Research & Education Association. Used - Very Good. All orders guaranteed and ship within 24 hours. Your purchase supports More Than Words a nonprofit job train program for youth empowering youth to take charge of their lives by taking charge of a business. Research & Education Association unknown
Bookseller reference : WAL-A-6c-000740 ISBN : 0878914838 9780878914838
Research & Education Association 1998. Paperback. Acceptable. Disclaimer:A readable copy. All pages are intact and the cover is intact. Pages can include considerable notes-in pen or highlighter-but the notes cannot obscure the text. At ThriftBooks our motto is: Read More Spend Less.Dust jacket quality is not guaranteed. Research & Education Association paperback
Bookseller reference : G0878915087I5N00 ISBN : 0878915087 9780878915088
Leipzig B.G. Teubner 1888. 8vo. Original printed wrappers no backstrip and a small nick to front wrapper. In "Mathematische Annalen. Begr�ndet 1888 durch Rudolf Friedrich Alfred Clebsch. XXXIII.33 Band. 2. Heft." Entire issue offered. Internally very fine and clean. Hilbert: Pp. 223-6; Pp.227-36 Entire issue: Pp. 161-316. � First printing of Hilbert's exceedingly important and groundbreaking paper in which he proved his famous Basis Theorem that is if every ideal in a ring R has a finite basis so does every ideal in the polynomial ring Rx. Hilbert had thus connected the theory of invariants to the fields of algebraic functions and algebraic varieties. When Felix Klein read the paper he wrote "I do not doubt that this is the most important work on general algebra that the Mathematische Annalen has ever published."<br><br>Hilbert submitted a paper proving the finite basis theorem to Mathematische Annalen. However Gordan was the expert on invariant theory for the journal and he found Hilbert's revolutionary approach difficult to appreciate. He refereed the paper and sent his comments to Klein:<br>"The problem lies not with the form . but rather much deeper. Hilbert has scorned to present his thoughts following formal rules he thinks it suffices that no one contradict his proof . he is content to think that the importance and correctness of his propositions suffice. . for a comprehensive work for the Annalen this is insufficient."<br>Gordan rejected the article. His - now famous - comment was: Das ist nicht Mathematik. Das ist Theologie. i.e. This is not Mathematics. This is Theology.<br><br>However Hilbert had learnt through his friend Hurwitz about Gordan's letter to Klein and Hilbert wrote himself to Klein in forceful terms:<br>". I am not prepared to alter or delete anything and regarding this paper I say with all modesty that this is my last word so long as no definite and irrefutable objection against my reasoning is raised."<br><br>At the time Klein received these two letters from Hilbert and Gordan Hilbert was an assistant lecturer while Gordan was the recognised leading world expert on invariant theory and also a close friend of Klein's. However Klein recognised the importance of Hilbert's work and assured him that it would appear in the Annalen without any changes whatsoever as indeed it did. Hilbert expanded on his methods in a later paper again submitted to the Mathematische Annalen 1893 and Klein<br>after reading the manuscript wrote to Hilbert saying:-I do not doubt that this is the most important work on general algebra that the Annalen has ever published.<br><br>Later after the usefulness of Hilbert's method was universally recognized Gordan himself said: "I have convinced myself that even theology has its merits".Klein. Development of mathematics in the 19th century. P. 311.<br><br>Sometimes Hilbert's first publication of the Basis Theorem is referred to as being published in the paper "Zur Theorie der algebraischen Gebilde" in G�ottinger Nachrichten in 1888. This however was published in December 1888 and the present issue was published in March. unknown
Berlin Haude et Spener 1848-52. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "M�moires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres" tome II 1846 tome IV tome VI a. tome VI. Pp. 182-224 pp. 249-291 pp. 361- 378 pp. 413-416 and 1 folded engraved plate. � First apperance of d'Alembert's 3 importent papers on the Calculus of Integration a branch of mathematical science which is greatly indepted to him. He here gives the proof of THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF ALGEBRA called d'Alembert's theorem and later corrected by Gauss 1799.<br><br>The theorem is based on these three assumptions:<br>Every polynomial with real coefficients which is of odd order has a real root. This is a corollary of the intermediate value theorem. <br>Every second order polynomial with complex coefficients has two complex roots. <br>For every polynomial p with real coefficients there exists a field E in which the polynomial may be factored into linear terms.<br><br>Also with an importent paper by Leonhard Euler "M�moire sur l'Effet de la Propagation successive de la Lumiere dans l'Apparition tant des Planetes que des Cometes" Memoir on the effect of the successive propogation of light in the appeareance of both comets and planets. Pp. 141-181 and 2 folded engraved plates. - The paper is founded on Euler's theory of light as waves and not as particles. It is from the same year as his fundamental work on light as waves: "Nova Theoria" - Enestroem E 104. unknown
Leipzig B. G. Teubner 1891. 8vo. Bound in recent full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Mathematische Annalen" Volume 39. 1891. Entire volume offered. Library label pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper. Small library stamp to lower part of title title page and verso of title page. Very fine and clean. Pp. 293-390 . Entire volume: IV 600 pp. 1 plate. � First printing of Scheffers's important paper which contributed considerably to the development of modern algebra. Scheffers here distinguishes between a "Nichtquaternion system" Nqss and a Quaternion system Qss. In today's language Scheffers' Qss has the quaternion algebra as a subalgebra.<br><br>Scheffers anticipates the concepts of direct product of algebras and direct sum of algebras with his section on reducibility addition and multiplication of systems. Thus Scheffers pioneered the structural approach to algebra. <br><br>The volume contain several other papers by influential contemporary mathematicians. hardcover
Paris Charles Houel an VI de la R�publique =1798. 8vo. Recent simple brown half cloth w. gilt title to spine. Uncut. Title-page w. large damp-stain next few leaves w. a bit of soiling to upper corner. Occasinal brownspotting. Every gathering extended and re-inforced at hinge probably in order to make the book open to its full extent. 2 484 1 -errata pp. � The true first edition of this posthumously published major treatise Condillac's final main work which proved to be one of his most important and influential ones. <br><br>The work was originally published both separately as it is here with its own errata-leaf and title-page without mentioning of volume number for the Oeuvres and as the final volume of his "Oeuvres philosophiques".<br><br>Having realized that other philosophers' accounts of knowledge had failed because they focused on the essences instead of the origins Condillac in all of his major treatises set out to define moral and metaphysical problems as precisely as one can define the problems of geometry and the approach that would enable this would be analytic. In the same stroke he would correct Locke's mistake of "Internal sense" the distinction between the process of sensation and of reflection. "His instrument was a highly original theory of language as the analyst of experience. It is by the mind's capacity to invent and manipulate symbols of uniform and determinate significance that it passes from sensation to reflection and communication and hence to effective knowledge. By identifying the operations of language as the cause of intellectual functions Condillac intended to be making the kind of statement Newton had made when he identified gravity as the cause of planetary motion - an exact and verifiable generalization of phenomenal effects. " D.S.B. III:381. <br><br>It is in his last major work that Condillac deals most thoroughly with the analysis of language and the language of algebra. Algebra is the language of mathematics and it is the only language that is well done "bien faite" nothing in this language is arbitrary; the analogies of this language are always precise and lead on to new sensible expressions; in this language the purpose is not to learn to speak like others the purpose is to speak in the greater analogy in order to reach a greater precision. Algebra the language of mathematics is a language of analogies. Analogy which constitute this language also constitutes the methods. "L'analogie: viola donc � quoi se r�duit tout l'art de raisonner comme tout l'art de parler; et dans ce seul mot nous voyons comment nous pouvons nous instruire des d�couvertes des autres et comment nous en pouvons faire nous-m�mes."= "The analogy: now this is what the entire art of reasoning as well as the entire art of talking can be reduced to; and with this single word we see how we can guide the discoveries of others and how we can do them ourselves. own translation" p. 7. And thus the objective of this work is to see how it will be possible to give to other sciences the same exactness as that which we otherwise believe exclusively to be a part of mathematics namely the exactness of the language of algebra.<br><br>"It was through his last works -"La logique" and especially "La langue des calculs"- that Condillac exercised the most decisive influence on the philosophical taste of the generation of scientists immediately following his own. Therein like his predecessors in the rationalist tradition he looked to mathematics as the exemplar of knowledge. He parted company with them however in developing the preference he had expressed in his early work for the analytic over the synthetic mode of reasoning." D.S.B.; III:382. Algebra seen as both a language and as the method of analysis in comparison to the inaccurate instrument that is ordinary language would reveal to Condillac what is the difference between the problems of science and those of society the moral and metaphysical ones. "And in that comparison Condillac's philosophy entered into the reforming mission of the Enlightenment the central imperative of the rationalism then having been to reduce the imperfections of human arrangements by approximating them to the natural and to educate the human understanding in the grammar of nature. In Franceat least the congruence of Condillac's philosophy of science with the broader commitments of progressive culture recommended it so scientists themselves as the most authoritative reading of Newtonian methodology. The terminology and symbolism of the modern science of chemistry are examples still alive in science of the practicality of this program." D.S.B. III:382. <br><br>Condillac's philosophy of science was considered the most authoritative reading of Newtonian methodology. Among many others Lavoicier and other protagonists of the chemical revolution were influenced by his reform of nomenclature as were and are botanists zoologists and geometrics by his scientific explanations. His psychological empiricism is now considered the first positivist account of science.<br><br>Condillac was one of the greatest French philosophers of the Enlightenment. He was friends with Rousseau and Diderot and was a forerunner in the junction between epistemology and philosophy which was inspired by Locke and Newton as the two sciences almost merged into one in this period. "Condillac contibuted to the synthesis more decisively than did any other writer." D.S.B. III:380. hardcover
Kazan Universitetskaia tipografiia 1834. 8vo. In contemporary full brown embossed cloth with four raised bands. Recent black leather title-label with gilt lettering to spine. Spine with gilt ornamentation. Ex-libris A. A. Sidorov pasted on to pasted down front end-paper. Wear to capitals and back hindge loose however firmly attached to book block. Last 10 leaves discretly reinforced in margin. A fine and clean copy. 2 I-X 5-528 2 pp. lacking 1 blank beween p. X and p. 5. � The exceedingly rare first edition of Lobachevsky's landmark work on algebra constituting the very first Russian textbook on number theory in which he reiterated all basic notions of calculus by means of finite algorithms only. Using a synthesis of geometrical and analytical systems he developed a fundamentally new approach to solving equations: the approximation of the roots of algebraic equations computing the roots of a polynomial by squaring them repeatedly a method suggested by Newton and in 1781 touched on by Euler. It is the only substantial book published by Lobachevsky the founder of non-euclidian geometry.<br><br>The majority of Lobachevsky's works on non-Euclidean geometry and other mathematical and scientific fields were confined primarily to journals and small pamphlets. This is the only comprehensive book to appear in his life-time and shows his radical approach to solving equations using a synthesis of geometrical and analytical systems. <br>Belgian G. P. Dandelin and Swiss C. H. Graeffe independently discovered the same method of squaring roots and it is often referred to as the Dandelin-Gr�ffe method. It was however proved by Alston Householder in 1959 that Lobachevskii came up with the solution first: Although Lobachevskii's work bear the date 1834 it was already in the hands of the censors in 1832 Householder: Dandelin Lobacevskii or Graeffe and most of it had been composed as early as 1825 thus Lobachevsky preceeded Dandelin and Gr�ffe by a several years. <br><br>OCLC lists only one copy at Harvard. We have been able to locate two further copies at the National Library of Russia and Russian State Library. hardcover
London Roayl Society 1926. Royal 8vo. Full cloth. Gilt lettering to spine. In: "Proceedings of the Royal Society". Series A Vol. 111. V753LIII pp. textillustr. and plates. Entire volume offered. � First appearance of these papers constituting Dirac's own theory of quantum mechanics.<br><br>"Dirac wanted to establish an algebra for quantum variables or as he now termed them q-numbers. He wanted his q-number algebra to be a general and purely mathematical theory that could then be applied to problem of physics. Although it soon turned out that q-number algebra was equivalent to matrix mechanics in 1926 Dirac's theory was developed as an original alternative to both wave mechanics and matric mechanics. It was very much Dirac's own theory and he stuck to it without paying much attention to what went on inmatrix mechanics. In the summer of 1926 Dirac published a new and very general version of q-number algebra this timepresented as a purely mathematical theory. In this paper offered here he did not refer to physics at all. The work had little impact on the physics community but seems to have been appreciated by those who cultivated the mathematical aspects of quantum physics. Most of the results obtained by Dirac in his paper "The Elimination of the Nodes in Quantum Mechanics" had been found earlier by the German theorists using a method of matric mechanics but Dirac was able to improve on some of the results and deduce them from his own system of quantum mechanics."Helge Kragh. hardcover
Berlin Julius Springer 1926. 8vo. Without wrappers. Extracted from "Mathematische Annalen. Begr�ndet 1868 durch Alfred Clebsch und Carl Neumann. 95. Band". Pp. 735-788. � First publication of Hermann's seminal paper her doctoral thesis which founded computer algebra. It first established the existence of algorithms - including complexity bounds - for many of the basic problems of abstract algebra such as ideal membership for polynomial rings. Hermann's algorithm for primary decomposition is still in use today. The paper anticipates the birth of computer algebra by 39 years.<br><br>"The paper is an intriguing example of ideas before their time. While computational aspects of mathematics were more fashionable before the abstractions of the twentieth century took hold mathematicians of that time certainly knew nothing of computers nor of today's idea of what an algorithm is. The significance of the paper can be found on the first page where we find in translation:The claim that a computation can be found in finitely many steps will mean here that an upper bound for the number of necessary operations for the computation can be specified. Thus it is not enough for example to suggest a procedure for which it can be proved theoretically that it can be executed in finitely many operations if no upper bound for the number of operations is known. The fact that the author requires an upper bound suggests that there must exist an actual procedure or algorithm for doing computations. We see in this paper the first examples of procedures with upper bounds given for a variety of computations in multivariate polynomial ideals. Thus we have here a paper anticipating by 39 years the birth of computer algebra". ACM SIGSAM Bulletin Volume 32. 1998.<br><br>Not in Hook & Norman. unknown
Berlin Haude et Spener 1770. 4to. No wrappers as issued in "M�moires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres" Tome V pp. 203-221 1 plate and pp. 222-288 1 engraved plate. � Both papers first edition. The first paper is Euler's discussion of "Cramers Paradox" and it contains his inventions of 2 kinds of curves "Cusps of first kind" or keratoid cusp and "Cups of second kind" or ramphoid cusp. - Enestroem E 169.<br>The second paper contains Euler's famous proof of "The fundamental Theorem of Algebra". - Enestroem E 170. unknown
Research & Education Association 1998. Paperback. Very Good. Disclaimer:A copy that has been read but remains in excellent condition. Pages are intact and are not marred by notes or highlighting but may contain a neat previous owner name. The spine remains undamaged. At ThriftBooks our motto is: Read More Spend Less.Dust jacket quality is not guaranteed. Research & Education Association paperback
Bookseller reference : G0878915087I4N00 ISBN : 0878915087 9780878915088
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