‎Physique‎

‎"MATTEUCCI, CH. (CARLO). - MATTEUCCI'S ""RHEOSCOPIC FROG-EFFECT""‎

‎Sur le courant électrique des muscles des animaux vivants ou récemment tués. Extrait d'une Lettre à M. de Humboldt).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1841. 4to. No wrappers. In ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 16, No 4. Pp. (151-) 214. (Entire issue offered). Matteucci's paper: pp. 197-200. Some faint brownspots.‎

‎First appearance of a classic paper in electrophysiology in which Matteucci's ""rheoscopic frog-effect"" is described for the first time.""Matteucci began in 1830 a series of experiments which he pursued until his death in 1865. Using a sensitive galvanometer of Leopoldo Nobili, he was able to prove that injured excitable biological tissues generated direct electrical currents, and that they could be summed up by adding elements in series, like in Alessandro Volta’s (1745-1827) electric pile. Thus, Mateucci was able to develop what he called a ""rheoscopic frog"", by using the cut nerve of a frog’s leg and its attached muscle as a kind of sensitive electricity detector. His work in bioelectricity influenced directly the research developed by Emil du Bois-Reymond..."" (Wikipedia).Garrison & Morton No 608.‎

Référence libraire : 47223

‎"MAUPERTUIS, (PIERRE LOUIS MOREAU DE).‎

‎Les Loix du Mouvement et du Repos déduites d'un Principe Metaphysique. [In: ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres. Année 1746""]. - [THE PRINCIPLE OF LEAST ACTION]‎

‎Berlin, Ambroise Haude, 1748. 4to. Later boards. Issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres. Année 1746"", tome II, pp. 267-294. Bound with the orig. title-page and special title to the whole volume II. Title printed in red and. black, with an engraved vignette. Title-page with a stamp (Royal College of Surgeons of England)‎

‎"MAUPERTUIS, PIERRE LOUIS MOREAU de.‎

‎Accord de Differentes Loix de la Nature qui avoient jusqui'ici paru incompatibles (15 Avril 1744).‎

‎Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1748. 4to. Recent blue boards. Issued in ""Histoire de L'Academie Royale des Sciences, Année 1744, Paris"", pp. 417-426. Bound with the engraved frontispiece and titlepage to the volume.‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK.‎

‎""On the Dynamical Theory of Gases."" Received May 16, - Read May 31, 1866. - [THE ""MAXWELL-DISTRIBUTION""S FINAL FORM - A MAIN PAPER IN 19TH CENTURY PHYSICS.]‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1867. 4to. Extracted and rebound in recent green plain wrappers. Title-page of vol. 157 pasted on to front wrapper. A fine copy. Pp. 49-88.‎

‎First appearance of this seminal paper (in its full version from ""Transactions""), representing the announcement of Maxwell's final ""Theory of Gases"" and introduces the ""Maxwell Distribution"" in its final form, a statistical means of describing aspects of the kinetic theory of gases, a theory, together with his electromagnetic theory, are considered to be SOME OF THE GREATEST ADVANCES IN PHYSICS OF ALL TIMES. Everett considers this paper (1868) to be Maxwell's greatest single paper. Maxwell's discoveries laid the foundations of special relativity and quantum mechanics.One of Maxwell's major investigations was on the kinetic theory of gases. Originating with Daniel Bernoulli, this theory was advanced by the successive labours of John Herapath, John James Waterston, James Joule, and particularly Rudolf Clausius, to such an extent as to put its general accuracy beyond a doubt" but it received enormous development from Maxwell, who in this field appeared as an experimenter (on the laws of gaseous friction) as well as a mathematician.In 1866, he formulated statistically, independently of Ludwig Boltzmann, the Maxwell-Boltzmann kinetic theory of gases. His formula, called the Maxwell distribution, gives the fraction of gas molecules moving at a specified velocity at any given temperature. In the kinetic theory, temperatures and heat involve only molecular movement. This approach generalized the previously established laws of thermodynamics and explained existing observations and experiments in a better way than had been achieved previously. Maxwell's work on thermodynamics led him to devise the Gedankenexperiment (thought experiment) that came to be known as Maxwell's demon.‎

Référence libraire : 54393

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK.‎

‎On Faraday's Lines of Force. - [MAXWELL'S VERY FIRST PAPER ON ELECTROMAGNETISM]‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1864. 4to. In plain white paper-wrappers with title-page of journal volume pasted on to front wrapper. In ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"", Volume 10. Fine and clean. Pp. (27)-83, (1) + the pasted on title-page.‎

‎First appearance of Maxwell's landmark - and his very first published on electromagnetism - paper in which he anticipates many of the fundamental ideas presented in his famous four-part paper ""On Physical Lines of Force"" (1861-2) in which he derived the equations of electromagnetism. The present paper ushered in a new era of classical electrodynamics and catalyzed further progress in the mathematical field of vector calculus. Because of this, it is considered one of the most historically significant publications in the field of physics and of science in general.Maxwell began his researches on electromagnetism following the completion of his studies at Cambridge in 1854. They were aimed at constructing, at a theoretical level, a unified mathematical theory of electric and magnetic phenomena that would express the methods and ideas of Faraday as an alternative to the theory of Weber."" This programme was announced in his first article, 'On Faraday's lines of force', in 1856, and continued in two other major texts, 'On physical lines of force' in 1861-1862 and 'A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field' in 1865. According to a famous passage in its preface, the Treatise (1873) represented the outcome of this programme"" (Landmark Writings, p. 569). ""Maxwell's first paper, ""On Faraday's Line of Force"" (1855-1856), was divided into two parts, with supplementary) examples. Its origin may he traced in a long correspondence with Thomson, edited by Larmor in 1936. Part 1 was an exposition of the analogy between lines of force and streamlines in an incompressible fluid. It contained one notable extension to Thomson's treatment of the subject and also an illuminating opening discourse on the philosophical significance of analogies between different branches of physics. This was a theme to which Maxwell returned more than once. His biographers print in full an essay entitled ""Analogies in Nature,"" which he read a few months later (February 1856) to the famous Apostles Club at Cambridge" this puts the subject in a wider setting and deserves careful reading despite its involved and cryptic style. Here, as elsewhere, Maxwell's metaphysical speculation discloses the influence of Sir William Hamilton, specifically of Hamilton's Kantian view that all human knowledge is of relations rather than of things. The use Maxwell saw in the method of analogy was twofold. It crossfertilized technique between different fields, and it served as a golden mean between analytic abstraction and the method of hypothesis. The essence of analogy (in contrast with identity) being partial resemblance, its limits must be recognized as clearly as its existence" yet analogies may help in guarding against too facile commitment to a hypothesis. The analogy of an electric current to two phenomena as different as conduction of heat and the motion of a fluid should, Maxwell later observed, prevent physicists from hastily assuming that ""electricity is either a substance like water, or a state of agitation like heat. ""The analogy is geometrical: ""a similarity between relations, not a similarity between the things related."""" (DSB)The 1856 paper has been eclipsed by Maxwell's later work, but its originality and importance are greater than is usually thought. Besides interpreting Faraday's work and giving the electrotonic function, it contained the germ of a number of ideas which Maxwell was to revive or modify in 1868 and later an integral representation of the field equations (1868),the treatment of electrical action as analogous to the motion of an incompressible fluid (1869, 1873), the classification of vector functions into forces and fluxes (1870), and an interesting formal symmetry in the equations connecting A, B, E, and H, different from the symmetry commonly recognized in the completed field equations. The paper ended with solutions to a series of problems, including an application of the electrotonic function to calculate the action of a magnetic field on a spinning conducting sphere.‎

Référence libraire : 54755

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK.‎

‎On Faraday's Lines of Force. - [MAXWELL'S VERY FIRST PAPER ON ELECTROMAGNETISM]‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1864. 4to. In plain white paper-wrappers with title-page of journal volume pasted on to front wrapper. In ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"", Volume 10. Fine and clean. Pp. (27)-83, (1) + the pasted on title-page.‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK.‎

‎On the Induction of Electric Currents in an Infinite Plane Sheet of Uniform conductivity.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1872). 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. In ""Proceedings of the Royal Society"", Vol. XX [20], No. 132. Entire issue offered. Wrappers with light soiling and minor chipping with some loss to extremities, not affecting text. Fine and clean. Pp. 160-17. [Entire volume: 135-197].‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK.‎

‎On the Theory of Compound Colours, and the Relations of the Colours of the Spectrum. - [MAXWELL ON THE RELATIONS OF COLOURS]‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1860). 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. In ""Proceedings of the Royal Society"", Vol. X [10], No. 39. Entire issue offered. Wrappers with a few brown spots, fine and clean. Pp. 404-408. [Entire issue: Pp. 319-494].‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK.‎

‎On the Transformation of Surfaces by Bending.‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1856. 4to. In plain white paper-wrappers with title-page of journal volume pasted on to front wrapper. In ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"", Volume 9. Fine and clean. Pp. (445)-470 + the pasted on title-page.‎

‎First appearance Maxwell's important paper on the transformation of surfaces by bending in which there are clear links between this paper and his geometrical representation of 'lines of force' in his first paper on the theory of the electromagnetic field 'On Faraday's lines of force' which ushered in a new era of classical electrodynamics and catalyzed further progress in the mathematical field of vector calculus. Because of this, it is considered one of the most historically significant publications in the field of physics and of science in general.‎

Référence libraire : 54756

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK.‎

‎On the Transformation of Surfaces by Bending.‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1856. 4to. In plain white paper-wrappers with title-page of journal volume pasted on to front wrapper. In ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"", Volume 9. Fine and clean. Pp. (445)-470 + the pasted on title-page.‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK. - THE ""MAXWELL-DISTRIBUTION""S FINAL FORM - A MAIN PAPER IN 19TH CENTURY PHYSICS.‎

‎""On the Dynamical Theory of Gases."" Received May 16, - Read May 31, 1866.‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1867. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", Vol. 157 - Part I. Titlepage to volume 155 and pp. 49-88. Titlepage with minor light browning at corners. Internally clean. A small stamp on verso of titlepage.‎

‎First appearance of this seminal paper (in its full version from ""Transactions""), representing the announcement of Maxwell's final ""Theory of Gases"" and introduces the ""Maxwell Distribution"" in its final form, a statistical means of describing aspects of the kinetic theory of gases, a theory, together with his electromagnetic theory, are considered to be SOME OF THE GREATEST ADVANCES IN PHYSICS OF ALL TIMES. Everett considers this paper (1868) to be Maxwell's greatest single paper. Maxwell's discoveries laid the foundations of special relativity and quantum mechanics.One of Maxwell's major investigations was on the kinetic theory of gases. Originating with Daniel Bernoulli, this theory was advanced by the successive labours of John Herapath, John James Waterston, James Joule, and particularly Rudolf Clausius, to such an extent as to put its general accuracy beyond a doubt" but it received enormous development from Maxwell, who in this field appeared as an experimenter (on the laws of gaseous friction) as well as a mathematician.In 1866, he formulated statistically, independently of Ludwig Boltzmann, the Maxwell-Boltzmann kinetic theory of gases. His formula, called the Maxwell distribution, gives the fraction of gas molecules moving at a specified velocity at any given temperature. In the kinetic theory, temperatures and heat involve only molecular movement. This approach generalized the previously established laws of thermodynamics and explained existing observations and experiments in a better way than had been achieved previously. Maxwell's work on thermodynamics led him to devise the Gedankenexperiment (thought experiment) that came to be known as Maxwell's demon.‎

Référence libraire : 43456

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK. - THE INTRODUCTION OF THE ""ELECTRICAL FORMULATION"" OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY OF LIGHT.‎

‎On a Method of making a Direct Comparison of Electrostatic with Electromagnetic Force" " with a Note on the Electromagnetic Theory of Light. (Read June 18, 1868).‎

‎(London, Taylor & Francis, 1869) Large 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London."", Vol. 158. Maxwell's paper: pp. 643-657. Clean and fine, wide margins.‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK.‎

‎Die Elektrizität in elementare Behandlung. Herausgegeben von William Garnett. Ins Deutsche übertragen von L. Graetz. Mit in den Text eingedruckten Holzstichen.‎

‎Braunschweig, Vieweg und Sohn, 1883. Contemp. hcalf. Gilt spine with gilt lettering. First inner hinge weakening. XVI,224 pp., textillustrations and 4 plates. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK.‎

‎La Chaleur. Lecons Élémentaires sur la Thermometrie, la Calorimétrie, La Thermodynamique, et la Dissipation de L'Énergie. Edition francaise, d'apres la huitieme edition anglaise., par Georges Mouret. Prècédée d'une préface par M.A. Potier.‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars (as a paperlabel pasted on B.Tignot), (1891). Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. Unopened. Sewing broken on back. Nearly all of backstrip preserved. (4),IV,432 pp.Textillustrations. Scattered brownspots, mainly marginal. A good copy.‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK.‎

‎Matter and Motion.‎

‎London, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1876. Small8vo. Original blind stamped brown cloth. End papers renewed and first two leaves reinforced in margin. Repair to lower part of title-page affecting year of printing and small label ( ""S.L.M."") to p. 128. Extremities slightly rubbed, internnaly fine and clean. Pp. viii, (9)-128, (4).‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK.‎

‎On Double Refraction in a Viscous Fluid in Motion.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1873). 8vo. Uncut in the original printed wrappers. In ""Proceedings of the Royal Society"", Vol. XXII [22], No. 148. Entire issue offered. Wrappers with light soiling, spine lacking upper and lower part of paper, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 46-47. [Entire issue: 51 pp.].‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK.‎

‎Theorie der Wärme. Autorisirte Deutsche Ausgabe übersetzt nach der vierten Auflage des Originals von F. Neesen. Mit in den Text eingedruckten Holzstichen.‎

‎Braunschweig, Vieweg und Sohn, 1878. Contemp. hcalf., raised bands gilt spine. A few minor scratches. IX,382,(X-)XVI pp., textillustrations. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK. - THE ""MAXWELL-DISTRIBUTION""S FINAL FORM.‎

‎""On the Dynamical Theory of Gases."" Received May 16, - 1866.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1866). No wrappers, as extracted from""Proceedings of the Royal Society of London."", Vol. XV. May 16, 1866. Pp 167-171.‎

‎First appearance of this seminal paper (in the abstract-version from ""Proceedings""), representing the announcement of Maxwell's final ""Theory of Gases"" and introduces the ""Maxwell Distribution"" in its final form, a statistical means of describing aspects of the kinetic theory of gases, a theory, together with his electromagnetic theory, are considered to be some of the greatest advances in physics of all times. The paper offered, only 5 pages, is an abstract of a paper with the same title, which was printed in full in ""Philosophical Transactions"" in 1868. Everett considers this paper (1868) to be Maxwell's greatest single paper.The ""abstract"", which announces his discovery was printed the year before the larger paper. Maxwell's discoveries laid the foundations of special relativity and quantum mechanics.One of Maxwell's major investigations was on the kinetic theory of gases. Originating with Daniel Bernoulli, this theory was advanced by the successive labours of John Herapath, John James Waterston, James Joule, and particularly Rudolf Clausius, to such an extent as to put its general accuracy beyond a doubt" but it received enormous development from Maxwell, who in this field appeared as an experimenter (on the laws of gaseous friction) as well as a mathematician.In 1866, he formulated statistically, independently of Ludwig Boltzmann, the Maxwell-Boltzmann kinetic theory of gases. His formula, called the Maxwell distribution, gives the fraction of gas molecules moving at a specified velocity at any given temperature. In the kinetic theory, temperatures and heat involve only molecular movement. This approach generalized the previously established laws of thermodynamics and explained existing observations and experiments in a better way than had been achieved previously. Maxwell's work on thermodynamics led him to devise the Gedankenexperiment (thought experiment) that came to be known as Maxwell's demon.‎

Référence libraire : 41873

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK. - THE KINETIC THEORY OF GASES.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - On the Viscosity or Internal Friction of Air and other Gases. Received November 23, 1865 (+) Postscript.- Received December 7, 1865. - Read February 8, 1866.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1866). Large 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London."", Vol. 156 - Part I. Pp. 249-268 a. 1 lithographed plate. A few brownspots to the plate. Having the titlepage to vol. 156 - Part I. A few brownspots to lower margins.‎

‎First appearance of a major paper in the kinetic theory of gases, in which Maxwell proved that the viscosity was independent of pressure as predicted, and nearly a linear function of the absolute temperature T.One of Maxwell's major investigations was on the kinetic theory of gases. Originating with Daniel Bernoulli, this theory was advanced by the successive labours of John Herapath, John James Waterston, James Joule, and particularly Rudolf Clausius, to such an extent as to put its general accuracy beyond a doubt"" but it received enormous development from Maxwell, who in this field appeared as an experimenter (on the laws of gaseous friction) as well as a mathematician.""James Clerk Maxwell published a famous paper in 1866 (the paper offered) using the kinetic theory of gases to study gaseous viscosity. The internal friction (the viscosity) of the gas is determined by the probability a particle of layer A enters layer B with a corresponding transfer of momentum. Maxwell's calculations showed him that the viscosity coefficient is proportional to both the density, the mean free path and the mean velocity of the atoms. On the other hand, the mean free path is inversely proportional to the density. So an increase of pressure doesn't result in any change of the viscosity.‎

Référence libraire : 42764

‎"MAYER, J.R. (JULIUS ROBERT). - THE FIRST STATEMENT OF THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY.‎

‎Bemerkungen über die Kräfte der unbelebten Natur.‎

‎Heidelberg, C.F. Winter, 1842. Bound in a nice later hcalf. Raised bands, titlelabel with gilt lettering. In: ""Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. herausgegeben von Friedrich Wóhler und Justus Liebig"", Vol. 42. (6),356 pp. Mayer's paper: pp. 233-240. Volume 42 is offered bound together with vol. 41. (8),376 pp. a. 1 folded plate. (This volume contains importent cehemical papers by Kolbe, Cahours, Kopp, Wöhler, Laurent and Liebig (the first printing of Liebig's famous work on animal physiology and pathology)‎

‎First printing of one of the most important papers in physics, chemistry and physiology in the 19th century. The paper is the first to propose an equivalence of all forms of energy, including heat, and a conservation of total energy. Although Mayer was the first to set forth the general law of the conversation of energy (the first thermodynamical law), it was James Joule who first put the law on firm footing. ""The paper of 1842 (the paper offered) set out Mayer’s definitive view on the conservation of force and established his claim to priority"" historically the paper also provides insight into the processes through which Mayer arrived at his theory.""(DSB).""Originally trained as a physician, mayer did not enjoy medical practice. About 1840 he began to be interested in physics and he entered thhe field of research, ... In 1842 he not only presented a figure for the mechanical equivalent of heat, but he also clearly presented his belief in the conversation of energy. He had some difficulty getting his paper on the subject published but Liebig finally accepted for the importent journal he edited. Though Mayer was five years ahead of Joule his paper aroused no interest, and in the end it was Joule, with his imposing experimental background. who received credit for working out the mechanical equivalent of heat. And it was Helmholtz who recieved credit for announcing the law of conservation of energy because he announced it so much more systematically. Yet Mayer went further than either of the other two, for he included living phenomena in the realm of energy conservation (a daring step in a decade when vitalism, with its view that the laws of inanimate nature did not apply to living systems, was still a considerable force). Mayer argued that solar energy was the ultimate source of all energy on earth, both living and non-living. He further suggested that solar energy was derived from the slow contraction of the sun, or by the fall of meteors into the sun, in either case kinetic energy being converted to radiant energy.""(Asimov)""After 1860, Mayer was finally given the recognition he deserved. Many of his articles were translated into English, and such well-known scientists as Rydolph Clausius in Germany and John Tyndall in England began to champion Mayer as the founder of the law of the conservation of energy.""(Alan Lightman ""Great Ideas in Physics"", p. 8).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1842 P. - Magee ""A Source Book in Physics"", p. 196 ff. - Dibner: 157 (listing the offprint with a different title) - PMM: 330 (offprint-version). - Garrison & Morton: 606.‎

Référence libraire : 46883

‎"MAYER, MARIA G. & EDWARD TELLER.‎

‎On the Origin of Elements. - [THE DISCOVERY OF THE NUCLEAR SHELL MODEL AND ""MAGIC NUMBERS""]‎

‎Lancaster, American Institute of Physics, 1949. Lex8vo. Volume 76, October 15, No. 8, 1949 of ""The Physical Review"", Second Series. Entire volume offered. In the original printed blue wrappers. Previous owner's name to vaguely stamped to top right corner of front wrapper. Minor traces of wear to extremities and a few small tears to spine. Overall a very nice and clean copy. Pp. 1226-1231. [Entire issue: Pp. 1005-1274].‎

‎First printing of Mayer's seminal paper which led to the finding of ""magic number"" and the Goeppert-Mayer ""shell model"". Marie Goeppert-Mayer and Marie Curie are the only two women to have received the Nobel Prize in Physics.The nuclear shell model is partly analogous to the atomic shell model which describes the arrangement of electrons in an atom. The nuclear shell model describes the structure of the nucleus in terms of energy based on the Pauli exclusion principle.""With Edward Teller in 1947, Marie Goeppert-Mayer began work on the origin of elements, which led to the finding that stable elements contained what would become known as ""magic numbers"", or patterns in the number of particles their nuclei contain. This ultimately led Goeppert-Mayer to the ""shell model"" of the nucleus - the theory that atomic nuclei owe their stability to the existence of relatively fixed ""shells"" or orbits upon which proton and neutrons travel. While other physicists also had envisioned a shell model, there was no convincing evidence until Marie Goeppert-Mayer, acting on a suggestion made by Enrico Fermi, and German scientist H. H. D. Jensen, working simultaneously but seperatly, discovered that spin-orbit coupling occurred within nuclei."" (Cullen-DuPont, Kathryn. Encyclopedia of women's history in America, 2000, p. 102) ""When Teller and I worked on a paper on the origin of elements, I stumbled over the magic numbers. We found that there were a few nuclei which had a greater isotopic as well as cosmic abundance than our theory or any other reasonable continuum theory could possible explain. Then I found that those nuclei had something in common: they either had 82 neutrons, whatever the associated proton number, or 50 neutrons. Eighty-two and fifty are "" magic "" numbers. That nuclei of this type are unusually abundant indicates that the excess stability must have played a part in the process of the creation of elements."" (Marie Goeppert-Mayer's Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1963)‎

Référence libraire : 43514

‎"MEISSNER, W. & OCHSENFELD, R.‎

‎Ein neuer Effekt bei Eintritt der Supraleitfältigkeit. - [THE DISCOVERY OF THE MEISSNER EFFECT]‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1933. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Die Naturwissenschaften"", Vol. 21, 1933. A library stamp to title page, otherwise a very fine and clean. Pp. 787-788.‎

‎First printing of the influential Meissner effect which lead to the discovery of the phenomenological theory of superconductivity by Fritz and Heinz London in 1935"" The Meissner effect is an expulsion of a magnetic field from a superconductor during its transition to the superconducting state and it allowed the first theoretical predictions for superconductivity to be made""In the spring of 1933, in the course of these measurements Meissner and his colleague Robert Ochsenfeld observed a new phenomenon that contributed greatly to the understanding of superconductivity. The magnitude of the magnetic field measured between conductors was a function of the direction of the current, which could be explained by the role played by the earth's magnetic field. Therefore, Meissner and Ochsenfeld carried out the measurements of changes in the magnetic field close to the conductors when these were subject only to the earth's field, that is, without any current running through them. Before superconductivity set in, the magnetic lines of force penetrated the crystals with almost no resistance because of their low susceptibility. From what was known about superconductivity at that time, it was expected that the distribution of the lines of force would remain unchanged if the temperature were lowered below the threshold level. However, Meissner and Ochsenfeld observed an increase in the lines of force in close proximity to the superconductors. Meissner interpreted this result as follows: the magnetic field flux was displaced from the crystals when superconductivity set in the magnetic field flux that previously flowed inside the conductors was now flowing between the crystals."" (DSB)‎

Référence libraire : 46974

‎"MEITNER, L. (+) FRISCH (+) H. VON HALBAN (+) F. JOLIOT (+) L. KOWARSKI.‎

‎Disintegration of Uranium by neutrons: a new type of nuclear reaction (+) Products of the fission of the Uranium nucleus [L. Meitner & Frisch] (+) Liberation of neutrons in the nuclear explosion of Uranium [H. Von Halban, F. Joliot & L. Kowarski] (+) ... - [NUCLEAR FISSION DISCOVERED - PMM 422 B,C,D.]‎

‎New York, Macmillian and Co, 1939. Royal8vo. In publisher's pictorial cloth with the original wrappers [in the back] with gilt lettering and Nature's logo to spine. Entire issue of ""Nature"", January - June, 1939, Vol. 143. ""Emmanuel College"" in gilt lettering to spine. Signs of label removal from spine, very slight wear to extremities, otherwise a very fine and clean copy. Rare in the publisher's binding. [Meitner & Frisch:] Pp. 239-40" " Pp. 471-2. [H. Von Halban & F. Joliot & L. Kowarski:] Pp. 470-1. [Frisch:] P. 276. [Entire volume: LIV, 1080 pp.].‎

‎"MEITNER, LISE.‎

‎Das Y-Strahlenspektrum des Protactiniums und die Energie der Y-Strahlen bei A- und B-Strahlenumwandlungen.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1928. 8vo. In contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 50, 1928. Stamp to title page and light wear to extremities, otherwise fine and clean. (2), 893, (1), III-VII pp.‎

‎First printing of Meitner's paper on gamma-rays.‎

Référence libraire : 48985

‎"MENDEL, GREGOR.‎

‎Meteorologische Beobachtungen aus Mähren und Schlesien für das Jahr 1866. [In: Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereins in Brünn. V. Band. 1866]. - [GREGOR MENDEL - A LEADING METEOROLOGIST]‎

‎Brünn, 1867. 8vo. Entire volume present. Uncut and unopened in the original printed wrappers. A few tears and lacks of paper to extremities. Paper spine (entirely present) kept together by tape. Internally completely fresh. Pp. (160) - 172. [Entire volume: XXII, (2), 87, (1), 236, (2) pp.].‎

‎Extremely scarce first edition of the fifth meteorological publication (from the same periodical in which ""Über Pflanzen-Hybriden"" was published the year before) by the founder of genetics, Gregor Mendel. The paper represents an important contribution to the emergence of exact weather-forecasting and helped found Mendel's reputation as the leading meteorologist of Moravia.Apart from plant growing and seeding, Gregor Mendel's main interest lay in the field of meteorology, to which he contributed substantially throughout many years of his life. Mendel was a farmer's son and grew up with farm growing. His great interest in the science of meteorology may be partly explained by his background, as he was very much aware of the tremendous influence of the weather on the productivity and harvesting of crops. The idea behind his precise meteorological observations, the first official one of which he made in 1848, was for him to become able to make reliable weather predictions - a thing which would be of great value to farmers especially. From 1848 to 1862 Mendel and Dr. Pavel Olexik recorded a series of observations, which they presented at the first meeting of the newly established Brünn Natural Science Society. After that Mendel began supplying the Vienna Meteorological Institute with the data of his daily observations in Brünn. It was due to Mendel and other experts on the subject that the institute began publishing daily weather reports and forecasts in the 1870'ies, as they had been persuaded of the value of such reports and forecasts to farmers. ""Mendel began his meteorological studies in 1856 and was soon recognized as the only authority on this subject in Moravia. In his first meteorological paper, published in 1863, he summarized graphically the results of observations at Brno, using the statistical principle to compare the data for a given year with the average conditions of the previous fifteen years. Between 1863 and 1869, the paper was followed by five similar communications concerned with the whole of Moravia... In 1877, with his support, weather forecasts for farmers in Moravia were issued, the first in central Europe... These studies [i.e. the meteorological ones]... have much in common methodologically with his studies of hybridization. They grew out of his habit of scrupulously collecting and recording data, thinking in quantitative terms, and subjecting observational data to statistical treatment "" (D.S.B. IX:279).""Note that his meteorological work was well known and highly regarded during his lifetime, but is now almost forgotten. By contrast, his work with peas, to which he devoted only eight years, was ignored during his lifetime, but is now highly regarded."" (Corcos & Monaghan, Gregor Mendel's Experiments on Plant Hybrids, 1966, p. 32). According to Dictionary of Scientific Biography, ""The ""Verhandlungen"" was distributed to 134 scientific institutions in various countries, including those in New York, Chicago, and Washington."" It is generally accepted that no more than 200 copies of the ""Verhandlungen"" were published, and the surviving volumes are of great scarcity.‎

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