‎Physics‎

‎"THOMSON, J.J.‎

‎Elemente der mathematischen Theorie der Elektricität und des Magnetismus. Aut.deutsche Ausg.von Gustav Wertheim.‎

‎Braunschweig, 1897. One corner of wrappers lacks. XIII,414 pp., 133 Illustr. - First German edition. In his work ""The Discharge of Electricity through Gases, 1898"" he calls his discovery of the electron a ""copuscle"".‎

‎"THOMSON, J.J. (JOSEPH JOHN) & G.F.C. SEARLE.‎

‎A determination of ""v"", the Ratio of the Electromagnetic Unit of Electricity to the Electrostatic Unit. Received March 12, - Read March 27, 1890.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1891). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1890. Vol. 181 - A. Pp. 583-621, textillustrations. Clean and fine.‎

‎"THOMSON, J.J. (JOSEPH JOHN).‎

‎On some Applications of Dynamical Principles to Physical Phenomena. Received December 16, 1884, - Read January 8, 1885. (+) Some Applications of Dynamical Principles to Physical Phenomena. - Part II. Received March 31, - Read April 21, 1887. (2 Papers).‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1886 a. 1888). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1885. Vol. 176 - Part II. Pp. 307-342. + 1887. Vol. 178 - Series A. pp. 471-526.‎

‎"THOMSON, J.J. (JOSEPH JOHN).‎

‎On the Determination of the Number of Electrostatic Units in the Electromagnetic Unit of Electricity. Communicated by Lord Rayleigh. Received June 19, - Read June 21, 1883.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1884). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1883. Vol. 174 - Part II. Pp. 707-721, textillustrations. Clean and fine.‎

‎"THOMSON, J.J. (JOSEPH JOHN). - THE ""VORTEX ATOM""‎

‎On the Vibrations of a Vortex Ring, and the Action upon each other of Two Vortices in a Perfect Fluid. Communicated by Lord Rayleigh. Received November 16, - Read December 8, 1881.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1883). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1883. Vol. 173 - Part II. Pp. 493-521, textillustrations. Fine and clean.‎

‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (BARON KELVIN OF LARGS).‎

‎A Mathematical Theory of Magnetism. Received June 21, - Read Juni 21, 1849. (+) A Mathematical Theory of Magnetism. Continuation of Part I. Received June 20, - Read June 20, 1850. (2 Papers).‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor, 1851). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1851 - Part I. Pp. 247-268 a. pp. 269-285.‎

‎First appearance of Lord Kelvin's most importent paper on magnetism.""In Paris, Joseph Liouville (1809-1882) encouraged Thomson's professional interest in Michael Faraday, whom Thomson knew and interacted with in London, by suggesting that the reconciliation of Faraday's electrostatic experimental results and the views of the French mathematicians, Ampère, Coulomb, Poisson, etc., could be a fertile field of mathematical endeavor. Intrigued by Liouville's suggestion Thomson wrote several papers over the next few years based on Faraday's experimental results, including: On a Mechanical Representation of Electric, Magnetic and Galvanic Forces (1847). On the Mathematical Theory of Electricity (1848). On the Mathematical Theory of Magnetism (1851). (The paper offered).After receiving Maxwell's request for guidance, Thomson shared with him the challenge presented by interpreting Faraday's written experimental results using mathematical formalism. Faraday's work on electricity and magnetism intrigued Maxwell and he began his research by reading Thomson's papers on the subject.""(Alan T. Williams).‎

Bookseller reference : 44046

‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (BARON KELVIN OF LARGS).‎

‎Electrodynamic Qualities of Metals. - Part VII. Effects of Stress on the Magnetization of Iron, Nickel, and Cobolt. Received May 9, - Read May 23, 1878.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1880). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", Vol. 1710 - Part I. Pp. 55-85, 12 plates and textillustrations.‎

‎First printing. In the paper Lord kelvin describes the effects of magnetization on different metals, reaching a notion of ""critical stress"".‎

Bookseller reference : 44050

‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (BARON KELVIN OF LARGS).‎

‎Elements of a Mathematical Theory of Elasticity. Received April 16, - Read April 24, 1856.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1856). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1856 - Vol. 146 - Part II. Pp. 481-498.‎

‎First edition of an importent paper on the elasticity of materials. ""The most importent contributions made to physics by Thomson during the first years of his work at Glasgow were in the field of thermodynamics, buthe also obtained a considerable amount of experimental data in strenght of materials and in the theory of elasticity. The result were later used in the preparation of articles which appeared in the ninth edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica and they became widely read and greatly valued.""(Timoshenko p. 263).Lord Kelvin ""was generally looked upon as the founder of British physics. Together with helmholtz in germany, he had been the foremost figure in transforming - indeed, in creating - the science of physics as it was known in 1900.""(DSB XIII, p. 387).‎

Bookseller reference : 44045

‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (BARON KELVIN OF LARGS). - A NEW THERMO-ELECTRIC EFFECT.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - On the Electro-dynamic Qualities of Metals. Received February 28, - Read February 28, 1856.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1856). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" Vol. 146 - Part III. Pp. 649-751 a. 58 textillustr. of experimental apparatus. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of Lord kelvin's large account of his thermo-electric researches in which he found, that the Peltier-effect must be directly proportional to the absolute temperature in a circuit formed of two metals. ""This result, however, as Thomson well knew, was contradicted by the observations of Cumming, who had shown that when the temperature of the hot junction is gradually increased, the electromotive force rises to a maximum value and then decreases. The contradiction led Thomson to PREDICT THE EXISTANCE OF A HITHERTO UNRECOGNIZED THERMO-ELECTRIC PHENOMENON - namely, a reversible absorption of heat at places in the circuit other than the junctions.(Whittaker ""A History of the Theories of Aether & Electricity"", pp. 237-38).‎

Bookseller reference : 44047

‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (LORD KELVIN) & JAMES PRESCOTT JOULE. - THE JOULE-THOMSON EFFECT DISCOVERED.‎

‎On the Thermal Effects of Fluids in Motion. Received June 15, - Read June 16, 1853.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1853) 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1853, Vol. 143 - Part III. Pp. 357-365. Textillustrations. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this highly importent paper in the development of thermodynamics, describing the experiments leading to the discovery of the cooling effect when a gas is allowed to expand freely. This is the founding theory, later used in refrigeration.""The only substantial contribution to thermodynamics to which the joint names of Joule and Thomson are attached belongs to an idea conceived by Thomson, who saw the possibility of analyzing the deviations of gas properties from the ideal behavior. In particular a non-ideal gas, made to expand slowly through a porous plug so as to approximate a specified mathematical condition - constant enthalpy), would in general undergo cooling (essentially a transformation of atomic motion into work spent against the interatomic attractions)....But the appliocation of the Joule-Thomson effect to technology of refrigeration belongs to a later stage in the development of thermodynamics.""(DSB VII, p. 182).The Joule-Thomson effect or Joule-Kelvin effect describes the increase or decrease in the temperature of a real gas (as differentiated from an ideal gas) or a liquid when allowed to expand freely through a valve or other throttling device while kept insulated so that no heat is transferred to or from the fluid, and no external mechanical work is extracted from the fluid. The Joule-Thomson effect is an isenthalpic process, meaning that the enthalpy of the fluid is constant (i.e., does not change) during the process. It is named for James Prescott Joule and William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin who established the effect in 1852, following earlier work by Joule on Joule expansion in which a gas expands at constant internal energy. The Joule-Thomson effect is sometimes referred to as the Joule-Kelvin effect. Engineers often refer to it as simply the J-T effect.‎

Bookseller reference : 42715

‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM (LORD KELVIN) and J.P. JOULE. - THE JOULE-THOMSON EFFECT.‎

‎On the Thermal Effects of Fluids in Motion. Part I-II (2 Papers).‎

‎London, Richard taylor and William Francis, 1853-54. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1853, Vol. 143 and 1854, Vol. 144. With titlepages to vol. 143 a. 144. The papers: pp. 357-365 a. pp. 321-364, textillustrations. The first titlepage bears the name of P.G. Tait.‎

‎First printing of these importent papers in which the authors found the so-called Joule-Thomson effect which should be the founding technology in refrigeration. They showed that a gas expanding into vacuum without addition of external work undergo a change in temperature, in spite of the theoretical speculations. The temperature change occurs due to the internal work required to overcome the attractive forces between molecules.""The only substantial contribution to thermodnamics to which the joint names of Joule and Thomson, are attached belongs to an idea conceived by Thomson, who saw the possibility of analyzing the deviations of gas properties from the ideal behavior. In particular, a non-ideal gas, made to expand slowly through a porous plug (so as to approximate a specified mathematical condition—constant enthalpy), would in general undergo a cooling (essentially a transformation of atomic motion into work spent against the interatomic attractions). For the delicate test of this effect Thomson required Joule’s unsurpassed skill (1852). But the application of the Joule- Thomson effect to the technology of refrigeration belongs to a later stage in the development of thermodynamics.""(DSB).Peter Guthrie Tait (1831 - 1901) was a Scottish mathematical physicist, best known for the seminal energy physics textbook Treatise on Natural Philosophy, which he co-wrote with Kelvin, and his early investigations into knot theory, which contributed to the eventual formation of topology as a mathematical discipline. His name is known in graph theory mainly for Tait's conjecture. (His name on the first titlepage).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1852 C.‎

Bookseller reference : 48811

‎"THOMSON, WILLIAM.‎

‎On the Mathematical Theory of Electricity in Equilibrium, On the Elementary Laws of Statical Electricity. - [ANTICIPATION OF THE QUADRANT ELECTROMETER THE PORTABLE ELECTROMETER, AND THE ABSOLUTE ELECTROMETER]‎

‎Cambridge, Macmillan and Co., 1846. 8vo. Bound with the original front wrapper in contemporary half calf with black and red title labels to spine with gilt lettering. In ""The Cambridge and Dublin Mathematical Journal"", Vol. I [1], (Being Vol. V [5], of the Cambridge Mathematical Journal), 1846. Bookplate pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper and library code written in hand to lower part of spine. Library cards in the back. A fine and clean copy. Pp. 75-96. [Entire volume: IV, 288, VIII pp.].‎

‎First English translation (and first translation in general) with 'considerable additions' (as stated on p. 75) of Thomson's highly influential paper in which he for the very first time occupies himself with - and anticipates the invention of - the quadrant electrometer, the portable electrometer, and the absolute electrometer. ""When resident in Paris he published in Lionville's Journal a paper [first publication of the present], in which he examined the experiments and deductions of Sir. W. Snow-Harris. This investigator had made an experimental examination of the fundamental laws of Coulomb. Thomson showed by pointing out the defects of Harris' electrometer that the results, instead of disproving these laws, actually confirmed them, so far as they went, from this examination dates Thomson's interest in electrometers, which led to the invention of the quadrant electrometer, the portable electrometer, and the absolute electrometer. "" (Lectures on Ten British Physicists of the Nineteenth Century, P. 57).""Thomson's extensive contact with Liouville led him to think more deeply about electrical theory. Liouville had heard of Faraday's work in electrostatics, or at least of the aspects in which Faraday claimed to have found that electrical induction occurs in ""curved lines."" The conception seemed to conflict with the action-at-a-distance approach, and Liouville asked Thomson to write a paper clarifying the differences between Faraday on the one hand and Coulomb and Poisson on the other. This request prompted Thomson to bring together ideas he had been turning over in his mind during the previous three years.From Thomson's new point of view, both the French approach to electrical theory and that of Faraday should consist only of sets of mathematical propositions about the ""distribution of electricity"" on conducting bodies. Of Coulomb, who had never written like Poisson of the ""thickness"" of the electrical layer, Thomson said that he had ""expressed his theory in such a manner that it can only be attacked in the way of proving his experimental results to be inaccurate."" He did not, therefore, believe that Coulomb's approach would stand or fall with the fate of the electrical fluid.Of course, it may be wondered how Thomson could have employed the phrase ""distribution of electricity"" without believing that some hypothetical entity is implicated. He did not think so, however. Instead, by 1845 he was drawing a distinction between a ""physical hypothesis"" and an elementary mathematical law."" By a physical hypothesis he meant an assumption concerning the physical existence of an unobservable entity like the electrical fluid or Faraday's contiguous dielectric particles. By an elementary mathematical law he meant a statement that can be directly applied in experiments because its referents are phenomenal entities and mathematical propositions about them. For example, when it is a question of the ""distribution of electricity"" a phrase that might appear in an ""elementary mathematical law,"" the actual subject concerns the effects produced when a proof-plane is applied to a point of an electrified conductor. The measure of those effects is the twist given to the torsion-bearing thread of an electrometer. Coulomb's laws, therefore, and also those aspects of Poisson's mathematical development of them that do not depend upon the conception of electricity as a physical fluid, were thus actually concise, mathematical laws applicable to the results of such experiments. They were not hypotheses concerning the nature of electricity."" (DSB)‎

Bookseller reference : 47439

‎"TINUS, W. C. (+) W. H. C. HIGGINS.‎

‎Early Fire-Control Radars for Naval Vessels.‎

‎New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1946. 8vo. In the original printed blue wrappers. In ""The Bell System Technical Journal"", Volume XXV, Number 1, January, 1946. Entire issue offered. Previous owner's name to front wrapper. A very fine fine and clean copy. Pp. 1-46. [Entire issue: 166 pp.].‎

‎First printing. The focusing ability of a lens or mirror type antenna is directly related to its width in wavelengths of the radar wave. The wider the antenna is in wavelengths, the smaller the angle of the beam that contains 50% of the radiated energy. The smaller the angle of the beam, the farther the radar can see the target and the more precisely the angle of the target can be known. Nike tracking radars had an effective antenna width of about 150 wavelengths. (The antennas were actually physically a little larger, but there are edge effects which decrease the focusing effect of the edge areas.)‎

Bookseller reference : 47637

‎"TORREY, H. C.‎

‎Bloch Equations with Diffusion Terms. - [THE BLOCH-TORREY EQUATION]‎

‎Lancaster and New York, American Institute of Physics, 1956. Lex8vo. Volume 104, November 1, No. 3, 1956 of ""The Physical Review"", Second Series. In the original printed blue wrappers. A small stain to front wrapper, otherwise a very nice and clean copy. Pp. 975-980. [Entire issue: Pp. 933-1188].‎

‎First edition of the important paper in which the Bloch-Torrey equation is first described. H.C. Torrey showed mathematically how the Bloch equations, a set of macroscopic equations that are used to calculate the nuclear magnetization, would change with the addition of diffusion. Torrey modified Bloch's original description from 1946 of transverse magnetization to include diffusion terms and the application of a spatially varying gradient. Today the equation is used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a method that produces images of biological tissues weighted with the local micro-structural characteristics of water diffusion. Diffusion tensor MRI can provide information about connections among brain regions.‎

Bookseller reference : 43435

‎"TOWNSEND, JOHN S.‎

‎Magnetization of Liquids. Communicated by J.J. Thomson. Received June 11, - Read June 18, 1896.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1897). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" Year 1896, Volume 187 - Series A. Pp. 533-549, textillustr.‎

‎First appearance of one of Townsend's earliest papers. He is best known for his research on the kinetics of ions and electrons in gases in which he obtained importent results and discovered a new physical effect, The Townsend-Ramsauer effect.‎

Bookseller reference : 44041

‎"TSIOLKOVSKIJ, K(ONSTANTIN E(DUARDOVICH). - TSIOLKOVSKI, TSIOLKOVSKIY, TSIOLKOWSKY, CIOLKOWSKY, ZIOLKOWSKY, TZIOLKOWSKY.‎

‎Zvjezdoplavatjeljam (Russian). (To the Astronauts). - [THE POSSIBILITIES OF SPACEFLIGHT]‎

‎Kaluga, 1930. Small 8vo. (15 x 10,5 cm). Original printed wrappers. Completely fine and fresh. 31, (1) pp.‎

‎"TYNDALL, JOHN.‎

‎On the physical Basis of Solar Chemistry.‎

‎(London), 1861. No wrappers as issued, uncut and unopened. Offprint from ""Royal Institution of Great Britain. Weekly Evening Meeting, June 7, 1861"" 10 pp.‎

‎"TYNDALL, JOHN. - CLASSICAL PAPER ON RADIANT HEAT.‎

‎On the Absorption and Radiation of Heat by Gaseous and Liquid Matter. - Fourth Memoir. Received June 18, Read June 18, 1863.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1864). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1864 - Vol. 154 - Part II. Pp. 201-225., textillustrations.‎

‎"TYNDALL, JOHN. - CLASSICAL PAPER ON RADIANT HEAT.‎

‎Sixth Memoir on Radiation and Absorption. - Influence of Colour and Mechanical Condition on Radiant Heat. Received December 21, 1865 - Read January 18, 1866.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1866). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1866 - Vol. 156 - Part I. Pp. 83-96. Clean and fine.‎

‎"TYNDALL, JOHN. - CLASSICAL PAPER ON RADIANT HEAT.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - Contributions to Molecular Physics. - Being the Fifth Memoir of Researches on Radiant Heat. Received March 17,- Read March 17, 1864.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1864). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1864 - Vol. 154 - Part II. Pp. 327-368, textillustr. Clean and fine.‎

‎"TYNDALL, JOHN. - COINING THE WORD 'CALORESCENCE'.‎

‎On Calorescence. Received October 20, - Read November 23, 1865.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1866). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", Vol. 156 - Part I, pp. 1-24, textillustr. a. 1 lithographed plate. Plate with minot brownspots.‎

‎"TYNDALL, JOHN. - THE FOG-SIGNAL EXPERIMENTS.‎

‎On the Atmosphere as a Vehicle of Sound. Received February 5, - Read February 12, 1874.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1874). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1874. Vol. 164. Pp. 183-244. Clean and fine.‎

‎"UHLENBECK, G. E. (+) GOUDSMIT, S.‎

‎Ersetzung der Hypothese vom unmechanishen Zwang durch eine Forderung bezüglich des inneren Verhaltens jades einzelnen Elektrons. - [DISCOVERY OF ELECTRON SPIN]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1925. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth with paper label with handwritten title to spine. In ""Die Naturwissenschaften"", Vol. 30, 1925. Library stamp to title page, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 953-954. [Entire volume: XXIII, (1), 1092, 44 pp.].‎

‎"VAN ALLEN , J. A. (+) A. V. GANGNES.‎

‎Cosmic-ray intensity above the atmosphere at the geomagnetic equator.‎

‎Lancaster, American Institute of Physics, 1950. Lex8vo. Entire volume offered in the original blue wrappers with previous owner´s stamps [C. Møller, Danish physician] to front wrapper. In ""The Physical Review"" Volume 78, April 1, No. 1, 1950. A fine and clean copy. Pp. 50-51. [Entire volume: Pp. (2), 94].‎

‎"VARIGNON, (PIERRE).‎

‎Des Mouvemens commencés par des vitesses quelconques, & ensuite primitivement acceleres en raison des tems écoulés, dans des miliieux résistans en raison des quarrés des vitesses effectives du mobile.‎

‎(Paris, Jean Boudot, 1711). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences. Année 1709"". Pp. 267-308 and 1 folded engraved plate.‎

‎An importent work in mechanical physics in whichhe used the mathematics of the new calculus.‎

Bookseller reference : 45237