‎Physique‎

‎"BOHR, N. (+) D. COSTER [DIRK].‎

‎Röntgenspektren und periodisches System der Elemente. Mit vier Abbildungen.‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1923. 8vo. Entire volume 12 of ""Zeitschrift für Physik"" bound in contemporary black half cloth with gilt title to spine. Library stamp to title-page and paper label pasted on to lower part of spine. Minor wear to extremities. A nice and clean copy. Pp. 342-75. [Entire volume: IV, 380 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Bohr's conceptions about atomic structure including electronic orbits. The paper was written in the months during which element 72 was discovered (first named Hafnia, the Latin name for Copehagen, then Danium, and finally the official name became Hafnium), and in the paper, element 72 is mentioned but not named. This is Bohr's first paper with joint authorship.""Element 72 is included, but it is still indicated as unknown. In the second section of the paper a classification is given of the known X-ray spectra of 48 elements, from magnesium to uranium."" (Bohr. Collected Works: The periodic system (1920-1923), p. 33).The volume also contains the following paper by Erwin Schrödinger:""Über eine bemerkenswerte Eigenschaft der Quantenbahnen eines einzelnen Elektrons"" in which he made a new remarkable characteristic of the quanta channnel of a single electron.‎

书商的参考编号 : 43717

‎"BOHR, N. (+) D. COSTER [DIRK].‎

‎Röntgenspektren und periodisches System der Elemente. Mit vier Abbildungen.‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1923. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", 12 band, 1923. The entire volume offered. Library stamp to title page. Internally a fine and clean copy. Pp. 272-286. [Entire volume: IV, 383 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Bohr's conceptions about atomic structure including electronic orbits. The paper was written in the months during which element 72 was discovered (first named Hafnia, the Latin name for Copehagen, then Danium, and finally the official name became Hafnium), and in the paper, element 72 is mentioned but not named. This is Bohr's first paper with joint authorship.""Element 72 is included, but it is still indicated as unknown. In the second section of the paper a classification is given of the known X-ray spectra of 48 elements, from magnesium to uranium."" (Bohr. Collected Works: The periodic system (1920-1923), p. 33).The volume also contains the following paper by Erwin Schrödinger:""Über eine bemerkenswerte Eigenschaft der Quantenbahnen eines einzelnen Elektrons"" in which he made a new remarkable characteristic of the quanta channnel of a single electron.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49489

‎"BOHR, N. (+) D. COSTER [DIRK].‎

‎Röntgenspektren und periodisches System der Elemente. Mit vier Abbildungen.‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1923. 8vo. Contemp. hcloth. A stamp to titlepage. Entire volume 12 of ""Zeitschrift für Physik"". IV, 380 pp. Entire volume offered). The paper: pp. 342-75. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎"BOHR, N. (+) J. A. WHEELER (+) J. R. OPPENHEIMER (+) H. SNYDER.‎

‎The mechanism of nuclear fission [N. Bohr. & J. A. Wheeler] ""On continued gravitational contraction"" [J. R. Oppenheimer & H. Snyder]. - [THE FIRST THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION OF A SINGULARITY]‎

‎Lancaster, American Institute of Physics, 1939. Royal8vo. In the original green printed wrappers. In ""The Physical Review"", Volume 56, Second Series, Number 5, September 1. With cloth back-strip. A quire, affecting both papers, detached but without any loss of paper. A few minor tear throughout, far from affecting text. [Bohr & Wheeler:] Pp. 426-50. [Oppenheimer & Snyder:] Pp. 455-59. [Entire volume: Pp. 387-486].‎

‎First printing of two landmark papers, all of seminal importance in history of physics: The intricacies of the fission process, the groundwork for atomic and hydrogen bombs and the forgotten birth of black holes: The first theoretical description of a black hole, the production of a singularity when a sufficiently large neutron star collapses.Oppenheimer and Snyder's ""ON CONTINUED GRAVITATIONAL CONTRACTION"" constitute the very first theoretical prediction of a singularity when a sufficiently large neutron star collapses. This phenomenon was later to be coined as a black hole. ""Had J. Robert Oppenheimer not led the US effort to build the atomic bomb, he might still have been remembered for figuring out how a black hole could form."" (American Physical Society). The paper has by several physics historians been described as the forgotten birth of black holes. ""Oppenheimer and his graduate student George Volkoff presented the first analysis of the formation of a neutron star in a 1939 Physical Review paper titled, ""On Massive Neutron Stars"". Oppenheimer wondered what would happen to a very massive neutron star. The Schwartzschild analysis of General Relativity has a theoretical limit, called the ""Schwartzschild limit"", when the ratio of mass-to-radius of a star is 236,000 times greater than the ratio for our sun. When this limit is exceeded, the Schwartzschild analysis does not yield a solution. Oppenheimer believed that a neutron star could have sufficient mass to exceed this limit. What would happen to it? Oppenheimer and his graduate student Hartland Snyder applied General Relativity theory to a star with sufficient mass and density to exceed the Schwartzschild limit. The Schwartzschild analysis assumed that the size of the star stays constant with time. Oppenheimer and Snyder found that they could achieve a real solution from General Relativity when the Schwartzschild limit is exceeded by assuming that the diameter of the star decreases with time. They presented their analysis in a 1939 Physical Review paper, titled, ""On Continual Gravitational Contraction,"" which concluded with: ""When all thermonuclear sources of energy are exhausted, a sufficiently heavy star will collapse. Unless fission due to rotation, the radiation of mass, or the blowing off of mass by radiation, reduce the star's mass to the order of that of the sun, this contraction will continue indefinitely."" This analysis concluded that when the Schwartzschild limit is exceeded, the star must collapse indefinitely until it reaches a singularity having an infinite density of matter"" (Bjornson, Singularity Predictions of General Relativity, P. 4).The Chandrasekhar / Eddington controvery in the mid 30ies did discuss the fate of neutron stars but the first thoroughly theoretical desciption was first published here. ""THE MECHANISM OF NUCLEAR FISSION"" is the first fully worked out theory of nuclear fission, which laid the groundwork for atomic and hydrogen bombs.""Wheeler's technical mastery of physics is best seen in the classic paper of Bohr and Wheeler. Bohr and Wheeler wrote the paper in Princeton, where Bohr was visiting in the spring of 1939, a few months after the discovery of fission. The paper is a masterpiece of clear thinking and lucid writing. It reveals, at the center of the mystery of fission, a tiny world where everything can be calculated and everything understood. The tiny world is a nucleus of uranium 236, formed when a neutron is freshly captured by a nucleus of uranium 235. The uranium 236 nucleus sits precisely on the border between classical and quantum physics. Seen from the classical point of view, it is a liquid drop composed of a positively charged fluid. The electrostatic force that is trying to split it apart is balanced by the nuclear surface tension that is holding it together. The energy supplied by the captured neutron causes the drop to oscillate in various normal modes that can be calculated classically. Seen from the quantum point of view, the nucleus is a superposition of a variety of quantum states leading to different final outcomes. The final outcome may be a uranium 235 nucleus with a re-emitted neutron, or a uranium 236 nucleus with an emitted gamma-ray, or a pair of fission-fragment nuclei with one or more free neutrons. Bohr and Wheeler calculate the cross-section for fission of uranium 235 by a slow neutron and get the right answer within a factor of two. Their calculation is a marvelous demonstration of the power of classical mechanics and quantum mechanics working together. By studying this process in detail, they show how the complementary views provided by classical and quantum pictures are both essential to the understanding of nature. Without the combined power of classical and quantum concepts, the intricacies of the fission process could never have been understood. Bohr's notion of complementarity is triumphantly vindicated"" (John Archibald Wheeler, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 154 (2010)).‎

书商的参考编号 : 54015

‎"BOHR, N. (NIELS). - THE ATOMIC MODEL AND THE ""STATIONARY STATE""‎

‎On the Quantum Theory of Radiation and the Structure of the Atom. (+) On the Decrease of velocity of Swiftly Moving Electrified Particles passing through Matter. (2 papers).‎

‎London, Taylor & Francis, 1915. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt, title- and tomelabels with gilt lettering. Spine a bit rubbed, some cracking to hinges, but covers not detached. In: ""The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"", Vol. XXX, Sixth Series. VIII,824 pp., textillustr. and 18 plates. (Entire volume offered). Bohr's papers: pp. 394-413 and pp. 581-612. A stamp to verso of titlepage. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of a landmark paper in which Bohr found experimental support for his energy equation for electron orbits and of stationary states in the work of Franck and Hertz from 1914. Furthermore, Franck and Hertz unwittingly provided an independent confirmation of the concept of stationary state. In 1914 they observed an energy threshold in the electron-stopping power of mercury vapor. This threshold, Bohr explained the following year, corresponded to a transition between the normal state and another (first excited) stationary state of the mercury atom (and not, as Franck and Hertz had originally thought, to the ionization of the atom). The supramechanical stability implied by the assumption of stationary states was now empirically proved to comprehend stability with regard to electron impacts.""Bohr had to frequently revise and refine his atomic model in light of new discoveries. One significant paper ""On the Quantum Theory of Radiation and the Structure of the Atom,"" (the paper offered) added more specific details about atomic states. For example Bohr had earlier made the argument that electrons could jump from one orbit to another as energy was emitted or absorbed. In this paper, he theorezed that an atom possesses stationary states in which energy was neither emitted nor absorbed. Any emission or absorption that did occur, such as might induce an electron ump, would correspond to the transition between two stationary states.""(sparknotes.com).An: the second paper offered. When Bohr had finished his importent paper on the hydrogen atom ""On the Theory of Decrease of Velocity of Moving Electrified Particles on passing through Matter"" 1913, he completed another paper on that subject (the paper offered), which includes the influence of effects due to relativity and to straggling (that is, the fluctuations in energy and in range of individual particles).(Pais p. 128).Rosenfeld no 13 a. 14.The volume contains further importent papers by J.J. THOMSON, W.H. BRAGG, RUTHERFORD & BARNES, SODDY & HITCHINS etc.‎

书商的参考编号 : 47170

‎"BOHR, NIELS (+) H.A. KRAMERS (+) J.C. SLATER.‎

‎Über die Quantentheorie der Strahlung. (The quantum theory of radiation). - [TOWARDS QUANTUM MECHANICS]‎

‎Braunschweig, Berlin, Vieweg & Sohn u. Julius Springer, 1924. 8vo. Bound in contemporary halfcloth. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 24. (Entire volume offered). A stamp on titlepage otherwise fine and clean. Pp.69-87. [Entire volume: IV,412 pp].‎

‎First apperance (simultaneously printed in Philosophical Magazine) of a fundamental paper in the development of the Quantum Theory, as it here was set forth three fundamental ideas: 1. Slater's idea of 'a Virtual radiation field', 2. statistical conservation of energy and momentum, and 3. statistical independence of the processes of emission and absorption in distant atoms. (See Van der Waerden ""Sources of Quantum Mechanics"" No. 5).""In an effort to reconcile the particulate and wavelike properties of radiation, Bohr, Kramers, and Slater in 1924 formulated a new quantum theory of radiation. According to their hypothesis, momentum and energy-are conserved only statistically in interactions between radiation and matter."" (DSB).The present paper became a great influence to Bothe and his Compton collisions and the Coincidence method which eventually resulted in him being awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.‎

书商的参考编号 : 48931

‎"BOHR, NIELS (+) H.A. KRAMERS (+) J.C. SLATER.‎

‎Über die Quantentheorie der Strahlung. (The quantum theory of radiation). - [TOWARDS QUANTUM MECHANICS]‎

‎Braunschweig, Berlin, Vieweg & Sohn u. Julius Springer, 1924. 8vo. Bound in contemporary halfcloth. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 24. (Entire volume offered). A stamp on titlepage otherwise fine and clean. Pp.69-87. [Entire volume: IV,412 pp].‎

‎"BOHR, NIELS (+) HENRY MOSELEY.‎

‎On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules. 3 Parts (all). (+) The High-Frequency Spectra of the Elements. - [THE BIRTH OF MODERN ATOMIC THEORY (PMM 411)]‎

‎London, Taylor & Francis, 1913. 8vo. Bound in one nice contemporary half calf binding with gilt leather title-label to spine. Published in ""The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"", Vol. 26. No. 151-156 offered. Small repair to spine and blind stamped to lower part of title page. Front hindge a bit loose. A fine copy. The Bohr papers: pp. 1-25" pp. 476-502 pp. 857-875. [Moseley:] Pp. 1024-1034. [Entire volume: VIII, 1064 pp.+ 24 plates].‎

‎First edition of Bohr's seminal main work, which constitutes the departure from classical theories to the birth of modern atomic physics" by incorporating Planck's quantum postulate it became possible to calculate the wavelength of the hydrogen emission and thus to explain the regularity of the Balmer-lines. In 1922 Bohr was awarded the Nobel Prize ""for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them"".""Bohr's three-part paper postulated the existence of stationary states of an atomic system whose behavior could be described using classical mechanics, while the transition of the system from one stationary state to another would represent a non-classical process accompanied by emission or absorption of one quantum of homogeneous radiation, the frequency of which was related to its energy by Planck's equation"" (Norman).In his previous paper (""On the Theory of Decrease of Velocity of Moving Electrified Particles on passing through Matter"") Bohr had adopted Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom, and had become convinced that it was the peripherical electrons that determined the chemical properties of an element, whereas the nucleus determine the radioactive properties. However, Rutherford's model had an apparent explanatory problem: Why were the negatively charged electrons held away from the positive nucleus? In his doctorial dissertation on the electron theory of metals, Bohr had clarified the limitations of this theory, in particular its ability to explain magnetic properties, and he had shown how this arose from the classical nature of some of its foundations. Bohr strongly expected that the key to solving this problem was to be found in some way of introducing Planck's law of quantum action.In the beginning of 1913 Bohr heard about Rydberg's remarkable discovery in spectroscopy. Rydberg's formula could represent the frequencies of the lines of the hydrogen spectrum in the simplest form in terms of two integers. As soon as Bohr saw this formula, he immediately recognized that it gave him the missing clue to the correct way to introduce Planck's law of quantum of action into the description of the atomic systems. The rest of the academic year was spent reconstructing the whole theory upon the new foundation and expounding it in a large treatise, which was immediately published as these three papers in the 'Philosophical Magazine'. It was in these papers that Bohr first gave his postulates of the orbital structure of the electrons and their quantized radiation.Bohr's atomic theory inaugurated two of the most adventurous decades in the history of science. Bohr introduced the following postulates: 1. An electron can revolve about its nucleus only in certain special circular orbits. 2. The ordinary electron revolves about its nucleus in an invariable orbit, without radiating or absorbing energy. 3. Radiation takes place when and only when the electron falls from an orbit with greater energy to one of less energy.""In his great papers of 1913, Bohr presented his theory as being founded upon two postulates, whose formulation he refined in later papers. The first postulate enunciates the existence of stationary states of an atomic system, the behavior of which may be described in terms of classical mechanics" the second postulate states that the transition of the system from one stationary state to another is a nonclassical process, accompanied by the emission or absorption of one quantum of homogeneous radiation, whose frequency is connected with its energy by Planck's equation. As for the principle by which the possible stationary states are selected, Bohr was still very far from a general formulation" indeed, he was keenly aware of the necessity of extending the investigation to configurations other than the simple ones to which he had restricted himself. The search for sufficiently general quantum conditions defining the stationary states of atomic systems was going to be a major problem in the following period of development of the theory."" (DSB).Also contained in the volume is Henry Moseley's famous paper ""The High-Frequency Spectra of the Elements"" in which he ""used the method of X-ray spectroscopy devised by Braggs to calculate variations in the wave length of the rays emitted by each element. These he was able to arrange in a series according to the nuclear charge of each element. [...] It was now possible to base the periodic table on a firm foundation, and to state with confidence that the number of elements up to uranium is limited to 92."" (PMM 407).PMM 411Rosenfeld, Bohr Bibliography No. 6.‎

书商的参考编号 : 51728

‎"BOHR, NIELS - NAMING ""THE PRINCIPLE OF CORRESPONDENCE""‎

‎Über die Serienspektra der Elemente. (Vortrag gehalten am 27. April 1920 in der Sitzung der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft in Berlin).‎

‎Braunschweig, Vieweg & Sohn, 1920. Contemp. Hcloth. Stamp on titlepage. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 2. IV,478 pp. (Entire volume offered). Bohr's paper: pp. 423-469. A very faint dampstain to right margins.‎

‎First edition of this fundamental paper in which Bohr for the first time gives name to a theory, which was for the first time used in his work ""The quantum theory of line Spectra"" from 1918, but now for the first time called ""Korrespondenzprincip"" (The Principle of Correspondence) and explained in the offered paper. The principle was introduced ""in order to obtain the necessary relation to the ordinary theory of radiation in the limit of slow vibrations we are therefore led directlyto certain conclusions about the probability of transition between two stationary states in this limit."".The ""Principle of Correspondence"" is the physical priciple that the behaviour of atomic and other systems should approximate to that predicted by classical physics in certain specific circumstances where quantum effects are expected to be unimportent. Bohr used the principle to explain his theory of the hydrogen atom, which among other things successfully predicted many features of the spectrum of light emitted by energetic hydrogen atoms. The principle formed an importent component of the early quantum theory of Bohr, Sommerfeld and others.Betty Schultz: 17.‎

书商的参考编号 : 48726

‎"BOHR, NIELS AND F. KALCKAR. - THE LIQUID DROP MODEL OF BOHR INTRODUCED.‎

‎On the Transmutation of Atomic Nuclei by Impact of Material Particles. I. General theoretical Remarks. (all published)‎

‎Copenhagen, Levin & Munksgaard,1937. 8vo. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. In: ""Det KGL. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. Mathematisk-fysiske Meddelelser. XIV,10"". 40 pp. Fine and clean.‎

‎First edition of the work in which Bohr introduced his famous Liquid Drop Model of the atom in order to interprete the nuclear structure. (The paper was not continued as Kalckar died the following year).""It had, of course, been clear to Bohr that analogies with atomic spectra could not be of help in interpreting his (earlier) picture of nuclear structure. Peripheral electrons, thinly spread within the atomic volume, can be compared to a dilute gas of particles interacting in pairs only. By contrast Bohr's picture of intranuclear motions of tightly bound nucleons should show 'essential collective aspects', he said. Now, together with Kalckar, he suggested that for nuclei a much more proper comparison would be with a drop of liquid. That analogy should not be taken too literally, the dynamics of a true liquid drop is vastly different from thta of nucleai. Yet the comparison, treated cautiously, was tempting and in the event proved fruitful in many respects, particularly in regard to collective motions.""(Pais ""Niels Bohr's Times"", pp. 339-40).""In the liquid drop model, formulated by Niels Bohr, the nucleons are imagined to interact strongly with each other, like the molecules in a drop of liquid. A given nucleon collides frequently with other nucleons in the nuclear interior, its mean free path as it moves about being substantially less than the nuclear radius. This constant ""jiggling around"" reminds us of the thermal agitation of the molecules in a drop of liquid. The liquid drop model permits us to correlate many facts about nuclear masses and binding energies"" it is useful in explaining nuclear fission. It also provides a useful model for understanding a large class of nuclear reactions."" (FAQ).Rosenfeld No 56.‎

书商的参考编号 : 48816

‎"BOHR, NIELS und L. ROSENFELD.‎

‎Zur Frage der Messbarkeit der elektromagnetischen Feldgrössen.‎

‎København (Copenhagen), Levin & Munksgaard, 1933. Orig. printed wrappers. Backstrip with 2 small nicks and frontcover a bit faded at margins. 65 pp. (Det Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Mathematisk-fysiske Meddelelser XII,8).‎

‎First edition of this fundamental papers in the development of quantum field theory. The process of measuring electromagnetic fields involves the observation of charged test bodies in those fields. Therefore the theory of electrodynamics is an inseparable extension of mechanics. A quantum theory of fields thus inherits, in some form, the limitations of measurement which lie at the foundation of quantum mechanics. In 1931 Landau and Peierls published a critical analysis of the consequences of such limitations in a relativistic quantum theory of fields. Landau and Peierls came to the negative conclusion that in several cases, the concept of momentum was without physical meaning and quantities such as the strength of a field was un-measurable. In their famous paper from 1933 Bohr and Rosenfeld (the work offered) carefully reviewed the arguments of Landau and Peierls and showed, through the use of particular measuring arrangements, that a consistent quantum theory of fields is possible without further limitations than the ones which secure the consistency of quantum mechanics. The BR-paper is often credited with having laid the foundation for quantum electrodynamics. Bohr continued his work in this field, and in 1937 he completed a manuscript entitled ""Field and Charge Measurement in Quantum Theory"", but this was never published. When, in the late 1940s the important work on QED by Tomonaga, Schwinger, Dyson, and Feynman appeared in The Physical Review, Bohr and Rosenfeld again joined and published the essentials of the 1937 manuscript in the same journal.See Abraham Pais: Bohr's Times, pp.358-364. Mehra & Rechenberg: The Historical Development of Quantum Theory, vol. 6, pp.697-703. Collected Works of Niels Bohr, vol. 7, pp.3-33.‎

书商的参考编号 : 38701

‎"BOHR, NIELS, H.A. KRAMERS, J.C. SLATER. - TOWARDS QUANTUM MECHANICS.‎

‎Über die Quantentheorie der Strahlung. (The quantum theory of radiation).‎

‎Braunschweig, Berlin, Vieweg & Sohn u. Julius Springer, 1924. 8vo. Contemp. hcloth. In: Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 24. IV,412 pp. (Entire volume offered). The paper: pp. 69-87. A stamp on titlepage. Clean and fine.‎

‎"BOHR, NIELS.‎

‎Abhandlungen über Atombau aus den Jahren 1913-1916.‎

‎Braunschweig, Friedr. Vieweg, 1921. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. Lower right corner of frontwrapper gone, no loss of text. 2 small nicks in upper part of frontwrapper. Some of the first quires loosening. XX, 156 pp. Internally clean. Backstrip intact.‎

‎"BOHR, NIELS.‎

‎Atomteori og Naturbeskrivelse. 3 Artikler med en indledende Oversigt. - [PRESENTATION-COPY]‎

‎Copenhagen, Bianco Lunas, 1929. Royal 8vo. Bound with the original wrappers and the original back-strip in a fine half morocco binding with gilt lettering to spine (Signed ""Ole Olsen 1978 Co´libri""). An exceptionally fine copy. 76 pp.‎

‎First edition of this collection of three articles translated into Danish and appearing as thus for the first time. Inscribed by Bohr (signed ""the author"") on the title-page: ""Hr. Assistent cand. mag. V. Thorsen / med venlig Hilsen / fra Forfatteren"". The work constitutes the first Danish translations of the present three articles: ""Atomic Theory and Mechanics"" (1925, Rosenfeld 33), ""The Quantum Postulate and the Recent Development of Atomic Theory"" (1928, Rosenfeld 37), and ""Wirkungsquantum und Naturbeschreibung"", (1929, Rosenfeld 39), here published together for the first time under the title ""Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature"" and with an introductory overview. The present collection of articles, translated into Danish, Bohr's mother tongue, constitutes an important insight into Bohr's thought and fundamental views on atomic theory and nature. The work, as it is here, has been elected as the Bohr-entry in the official list of Danish canonic literature, which collects the most important literary contributions to Danish culture. This is the only Bohr-item on the list. (see: http://www.kanonudvalget.dk). Rosenfeld, Bohr Bibliography No. 40.‎

书商的参考编号 : 32250

‎"BOHR, NIELS.‎

‎Atomteori og Naturbeskrivelse. 3 Artikler med en indledende Oversigt. - [PRESENTATION-COPY]‎

‎Copenhagen, Bianco Lunas, 1929. Royal 8vo. Bound with the original wrappers and the original back-strip in a fine half morocco binding with gilt lettering to spine (Signed ""Ole Olsen 1978 Co´libri""). An exceptionally fine copy. 76 pp.‎

‎"BOHR, NIELS.‎

‎Atomteorien og Grundprincpperne for Naturbeskrivelsn.‎

‎København, 1930. Orig. bogtrykte omslag. 12 pp. Særtryk af Fysisk Tidsskrift.‎

‎First edition. Offprint from ""Fysisk Tidsskrift"".‎

书商的参考编号 : 39221

‎"BOHR, NIELS.‎

‎Determination of the Surface-Tension of Water by the Method of Jet Vibration. Offprint from: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Vol. 209. pp. 281-317. - [BOHR'S FIRST PUBLISHED PAPER - PRESENTATION COPY]‎

‎London, Harrison & Sons, 1909 Large4to. Original printed wrappers. Offprint from: ""Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Vol. 209. pp. 281-317."" With cloth backstrip and I small nick to upper and lower corner of front wrapper. A fine and clean copy. Pp. 281-317.‎

‎Scarce first edition, off-print issue, of Bohr's first published paper, constituting his only ever work in experimental physics. ""His first research project, a precision measurement of the surface tension of water by the observation of a regularly vibrating jet, was completed in 1906, when he was still a student, and it won him the gold medal from the Academy of Sciences. It is a mature piece of work, remarkable for the care and thoroughness with which both the experimental and theoretical parts of the problem were handled."" (DSB).This Bohr's fist paper grew out of a work which Bohr did in 1906, and for which he won a gold medal from the Academy of Sciences. The subject was to experimentally investigate a method, proposed by Lord Rayleigh, for measuring the surface tension of water by the observation of a regularly vibrating jet. ""Bohr [...] included in his work essential improvements on Rayleigh's theory by taking into account the influence of the liquid's viscosity and of the ambient air, and by extending the earlier theory from infinitesimal to arbitrary large vibration amplitudes. In order to execute his experiments he had first of all to cope with one complication. The university had no physics laboratory."" (Pais, p. 101). Bohr thus constructed many of the instruments himself using his father's laboratory. """"I did the experiments completely alone alone in the physiological laboratory... it was a great amount of work"", which was technically demanding."" (Pais, p. 102). In spite of being Bohr's only ever work in experimental physics, it documents his deep understanding of the methods of experimentalists.""On 23 February 1907 the Academy notified him that he had won its gold medal. In 1908 he submitted a modified version to the Royal Society in London. It was his first and last paper on experiments he himself performed. His second publication was his last to deal with surface tension of liquids"" it was purely theoretical. Both papers were favorably referred to in later literature.The manuscript of the prize essay, never published in its original form, is preserved in the Bohr Archives. It is handwritten, by Harald Bohr [i.e. his brother]."" (Pais, p. 102), Rosenfeld, Bohr Bibliography No. 1. Rosenfeld, Dictionary of Scientific Biography II, pp. 239. Pais, Niels Bohr's Times, pp. 101-02.‎

书商的参考编号 : 54014

‎"BOHR, NIELS.‎

‎Drei Aufsätze über Spektren and Atombau. Mit sieben Abbildungen.‎

‎Braunschw., 1922. Orig.printed wrappers. VIII,148 pp.‎

‎First edition in bookform of ""Ueber die Wasser stoffspektrum"", ""Ueber die Serienspektren der Elemente"", ""der Bau der Atome und die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der Elemente"" - Rosenfeldt:24.‎

书商的参考编号 : 1454

‎"BOHR, NIELS.‎

‎Les Spectres et la Structure de L'Atome Trois Conferences. Traduit sur le Manuscrit de l'Auteur par A. Corvisy.‎

‎Paris, Libraire Scientifique, 1923. 8vo. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. Tears to backstrip but preserved. A small nick to upper left corner of frontwrapper.‎

‎First French editions of the three famous papers: ""Ueber die Wasser stoffspektrum"", ""Ueber die Serienspektren der Elemente"", ""Der Bau der Atome und die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der Elemente"" - Rosenfeld:24.‎

书商的参考编号 : 40621

‎"BOHR, NIELS.‎

‎Linienspektren und Atombau.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1923. Contemp. full buckram. In: ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, band 71. Stamp on verso of titlepage. Portrait as frontisp. (2),605,VI pp. (Entire volume offered). Bohr's paper: pp. 228-288 and 8 plates (on 2 leaves). Punched with cords in inner margins. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of the only part of Bohr's planned new comprehensive treatise on atomic structure, announcing that this was 'the first of a series of essays....on atomic structure'.‎

书商的参考编号 : 48026

‎"BOHR, NIELS.‎

‎On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules. 3 Parts (all). - [THE BIRTH OF MODERN ATOMIC THEORY (PMM 411)]‎

‎London, Taylor & Francis, 1913. 8vo. Bound together in one very nice recent marbled paper binding with gilt leather title-label to spine. Published in ""The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"", Vol. 26: July 1913, No. 151 (pp. 1-232 + 6 plates) - September 1913, No 153 (pp. 381-548) - November 1913, No 155 (pp. 802-936 + 6 plates). (The 3 whole numbers of the journal offered). The Bohr papers: pp. 1-25" pp. 476-502 pp.857-875.‎

‎First edition of Bohr's seminal main work, which constitutes the departure from classical theories" by incorporating Planck's quantum postulate it became possible to calculate the wavelength of the hydrogen emission and thus to explain the regularity of the Balmer-lines.In his previous paper (""On the Theory of Decrease of Velocity of Moving Electrified Particles on passing through Matter"") Bohr had adopted Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom, and had become convinced that it was the peripherical electrons that determined the chemical properties of an element, whereas the nucleus determine the radioactive properties. However, Rutherford's model had an apparent explanatory problem: Why were the negatively charged electrons held away from the positive nucleus? In his doctorial dissertation on the electron theory of metals, Bohr had clarified the limitations of this theory, in particular its ability to explain magnetic properties, and he had shown how this arose from the classical nature of some of its foundations. Bohr strongly expected that the key to solving this problem was to be found in some way of introducing Planck's law of quantum action.In the beginning of 1913 Bohr heard about Rydberg's remarkable discovery in spectroscopy. Rydberg's formula could represent the frequencies of the lines of the hydrogen spectrum in the simplest form in terms of two integers. As soon as Bohr saw this formula, he immediately recognized that it gave him the missing clue to the correct way to introduce Planck's law of quantum of action into the description of the atomic systems. The rest of the academic year was spent reconstructing the whole theory upon the new foundation and expounding it in a large treatise, which was immediately published as these three papers in the 'Philosophical Magazine'. It was in these papers that Bohr first gave his postulates of the orbital structure of the electrons and their quantized radiation.Bohr's atomic theory inaugurated two of the most adventurous decades in the history of science. In 1922 Bohr was awarded the Nobel Prize ""for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them"".Bohr introduced the following postulates: 1. An electron can revolve about its nucleus only in certain special circular orbits. 2. The ordinary electron revolves about its nucleus in an invariable orbit, without radiating or absorbing energy. 3. Radiation takes place when and only when the electron falls from an orbit with greater energy to one of less energy.Rosenfeld, Bohr Bibliography No. 6. Rosenfeld, Dictionary of Scientific Biography II, pp. 240-41. Printing and the Mind of Man: 411.‎

书商的参考编号 : 39305

‎"BOHR, NIELS.‎

‎On the Quantum Theory of Line-Spectra, Part I - III. - [BOHR'S CORRESPONDENCE PRINCIPLE]‎

‎København, Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri, 1918 - 1922. 4to. Uncut unopened in the original printed wrappers. In ""D. Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrifter, afd., 8, række IV, 1-3"" / ""Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et des Lettres de Danemark"". Wrapper with a few minor nicks and tears but otherwise a very fine and clean copy. 118 pp.‎

‎Collected offprint-edition of Bohr's seminal work ""On the Quantum Theory of the Line-Spectra"", marking the beginning of the quantum revolution in physics, introduced the concept of quantized energy levels, provided an explanation for the observed line spectra, and served as a foundational model that inspired further developments in quantum mechanics. It is conseidered one of Bohr's most important papers and the basis for his Nobel Prize. These papers give the first clear formulation of his 'correspondence principle' establishing the limit agreement of quantum and classical physics. ""By 1918 Bohr had visualized, at least in outline, the whole theory of atomic phenomena. ... He of course realized that he was still very far from a logically consistent framework wide enough to incorporate both the quantum postulates and those aspects of classical mechanics and electrodynamics that seemed to retain some validity. Nevertheless, he at once started writing up a synthetic exposition of his arguments and of all the evidence upon which they could have any bearing" in testing how well he could summarize what was known, he found occasion to check the soundness of his ideas and to improve their formulation. In the present case, however, he could hardly keep pace with the growth of the subject the paper he had in mind at the beginning developed into a four-part treatise, 'On the Theory of Line Spectra', publication of which dragged over four years without being completed" the first three parts appeared between 1918 and 1922, and the fourth, unfortunately, was never published. Thus, the full impact of Bohr's view remained confined to the small but brilliant circle of his disciples, who indeed managed better than their master to make them more widely known by the prompter publication of their own results"" (D.S.B. 2: 246-47).‎

书商的参考编号 : 60501

‎"BOHR, NIELS.‎

‎On the Quantum Theory of Line-Spectra. Part I-II. [Off-print from ""D. Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrifter"". - [BOHR'S CORRESPONDENCE PRINCIPLE - PRESENTATION-COPIES]‎

‎Copenhagen, Bianco Lunos, 1918. 4to. Both parts uncut and in the original printed wrappers. Wrappers detached and with small nicks and tears to extremities. Internally fine and clean. Part I unopened. 36 pp. + pp. (37) - 100.‎

‎"BOHR, NIELS.‎

‎On the Quantum Theory of Line-Spectra. Part II, On the Hydrogen Spectrum. - [AUTHOR'S OFFPRINT - PRESENTATION-COPY]‎

‎Copenhagen, Bianco Lunos, 1918. 4to. Original printed wrappers. Lower right corner of front wrapper bent. Small closed tear to front wrapper. Spine strip renewed. Otherwise fine and clean throughtout.‎

‎"BOHR, NIELS.‎

‎On the Theory of Decrease of Velocity of Moving Electrified Particles on passing through Matter - [THE FOUNDATION OF BOHR'S ATOMIC THEORY]‎

‎London, Taylor & Francis, 1913. 8vo. Bound in one nice contemporary half calf binding with gilt leather title-label to spine. Published in ""The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"", Vol. 25. No. 145-150 offered. Small repair to spine and blind stamped to lower part of title page. The Bohr papers: pp. 10-31. [Entire volume: VIII, 876 pp.+ 10 plates].‎