‎Einstein‎

‎EINSTEIN ALBERT.‎

‎Zum Kosmologischen problem der allgemeinen Relativit�tstheorie.‎

‎Berlin Gruyter & Co. 1931. 4to. Orig. printed orange wrappers. Offprint/Sonderausgabe aus Sitzungsberichten.pp.1-5. Fine fresh copy. � First edition in the rare Offprint with the separate printed title and separate pagination. See Weil No. 179 where this is not mentioned.<br>The early Offprints from "Sitzungsberichten." are called "Sonderabdruck" up to Weil No.165 including this. From Weil 166 they are called "Sonderausgabe.". - Before 161 up to 160 the Offprints do not have separate title and pagination the pagination follows the numbering in the periodical. From 166 the Offprint has both separate printed title and pagination. - So Weil Nos 161-165 is still "Abdruck" but with separate title and pagination. These facts are not mentioned in the bibliographies. unknown‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 28366

‎Einstein Albert‎

‎Zum kosmologischen Problem der allgemeinen Relativittstheorie. Weil 179. Offprint from S. preuss. Akad. Wiss‎

‎Berlin: Akad. Wiss 1931. Akad. Wiss unknown‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 37423

‎Einstein Albert‎

‎ZUR AFFINEN FELDTHEORIE‎

‎Np; 1923. First Edition. offprint from Sitzungsberichten der Presussichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Sitzung der physikalishch-mahematischen klasse vom 31 mai XVII. p. 137-140 bound in original orange printied wraps; quarto 254 x 184mm. Einstein's first investigation of Weyl's ideas published in the present work introduced the notion of distant parallelism; however Einstein later rejected Weyl's theory. <br/><br/> paperback‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 08777

‎Einstein Albert 1879 1955‎

‎Zur Affinen Feldtheorie. Relativity‎

‎Berlin: Berlin: Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften XVIII 1923. First Thus. Soft cover. Berlin: Berlin: Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften XVIII 1923. First Thus. Soft cover. Einstein Albert 1879-1955. Zur affinen Feldtheorie. Offprint from Sitzungsberichten der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1923. XVIII. Berlin: Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, XVIII unknown‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 32429

‎EINSTEIN ALBERT‎

‎Zur allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie On the General Theory of Relativity‎

‎Berlin: Verlag der K�niglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1915. First edition. Original wrappers. Fine. FIRST PRINTING IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS IN FINE CONDITION of Einstein's famous November 4 1915 paper introducing his new version of general relativity. By autumn 1915 Einstein experienced a "crisis" in his work on his gravitational equations and the general theory of relativity forcing him to abandon several key elements of his earlier work. In October 1915 "Einstein shifted his focus from the physical strategy which emphasized his feel for the basic principles of physics and returned to a greater reliance on a mathematical strategy which made use of the Riemann and Ricci tensors. 'Einstein's reversal' writes John Norton 'parted the waters and led him from bondage into the promised land of general relativity'. "The result was an exhausting four-week frenzy during which Einstein wrestled with a succession of tensors equations corrections and updates that he rushed to the Prussian Academy in a flurry of four Thursday lectures. It climaxed with the triumphant revision of Newton's universe at the end of November 1915" Isaacson. In this November 4th paper and lecture On the General Theory of Relativity Einstein presented "to the plenary session of the Prussian Academy a new version of general relativity" explaining "that he had 'completely lost confidence' in the equations he proposed in October 1914. His answers were still not entirely right. There was still one flaw a much smaller one which he eliminated three weeks later. But the road lay open. He was lyrical. 'No one who has really grasped it can escape the magic of this new theory'" Pais. Three weeks later - on November 25 1915 - Einstein did indeed eliminate the flaw and "presented to the physics-mathematics section of the Prussian Academy of Sciences a paper in which 'finally the general theory of relativity is closed as a logical structure'. The work is done" Pais. See: Isaacson Einstein pp. 211-221 and Pais Subtle is the Lord pp.250-261. Note: Einstein's November 11 paper was titled "Zur allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie II" but rather than a continuation or advancement of the November 4 paper it was a step backwards introducing a serious mistake that he would correct by November 25. IN: Sitzungsberichte der K�niglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Berlin: Verlag der K�niglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1915. Vol. 44. 778-786. Quarto original wrappers; custom box. A fine copy. RARE. Verlag der K�niglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften unknown‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 2125

‎EINSTEIN ALBERT.‎

‎Zur allgemeinen molekularen Theorie der W�rme;‎

‎Leipzig J.A. Barth 1904. Contemp. hcloth tears to hinges at upper part of spine. "Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 14. Herausgegeben von Paul Drude". VIII1040 pp. and 3 plates. The Einstein paper: pp. 354-362. Internally clean and fine. The whole volume offered. � First edition of Einstein's fifth work. "It was in this last of his early series of papers before the announcement of the theory of relativity in 1905 that Einstein introduced a new theme. Einstein asked for the physical significance of the constant now known as Boltzmann's konstant 'k'.It was already well known from the theory of the ideal gas that 'k' was simply related to the gas constant 'R' and to Avogardo's number the number of molecules in a gram-molecular weight of any substance. Einstein showed that 'k' entered into still another basic equation of the statistical theory the expression for the mean square fluctuation of the energy about its average value. This meant that 'k' determines the thermal stability of a system.the paper contains the seeds of much of his later work.Walter Alicke. - Weil No 5. hardcover‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 38818

‎EINSTEIN ALBERT.‎

‎Zur Einheitlichen Feldtheorie.‎

‎Berlin Gruyter & Co. 1929. 4to. Orig. orange printed wrappers. Offprint/Sonderabdruck aus Sitzungsberichten.pp. 1-8. Fine fresh copy. � First edition in the rare Offprint still called "Abdruck" but having separate printed title and separate pagination. See Weil No. 165 where this is not mentioned.<br>Weil No. 165 with an asterix denoting a major work. "The Unified Field-Theory is one of the last importent works by Einstein. This paper presents a new development which was immediate news; translations and abstracts of ite appeared at once besides numerous articles in general periodicals" W. Alicke.<br>The early Offprints from "Sitzungsberichten." are called "Sonderabdruck" up to Weil No.165 including this. From Weil 166 they are called "Sonderausgabe.". - Before 161 up to 160 the Offprints do not have separate title and pagination the pagination follows the numbering in the periodical. From 166 the Offprint has both separate printed title and pagination. - So Weil Nos 161-165 is still "Abdruck" but with separate title and pagination. These facts are not mentioned in the bibliographies. unknown‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 28362

‎Einstein Albert‎

‎Zur einheitlichen Feldtheorie. Weil 165. Offprint from S. preuss. Akad. Wiss‎

‎1929. Einstein Albert 1879-1955. Zur einheitlichen Feldtheorie. Offprint from Sitzungsberichten der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1 1929. 8vo. 8pp. Berlin: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaft 1929. 256 x 183 mm. Original printed wrappers slightly soiled and creased. Very good. First Separate Edition. "In 1928 Einstein embarked on a new approach to a unified field theory . . . involving what he called 'distant parallelism'. . . . By early 1929 he had solved the main problems involved in writing down field equations for his unified theory. On the day of official publication of the third of a formidably technical series of nine articles on the theory . . . excited headlines appeared in foreign newspapers throughout the world. . . . In this frenzied unscientific atmosphere Einstein's new theory was hailed in the press as an outstanding scientific advance. Yet Einstein had stated in his article that it was still tentative; and soon he found he had to abandon it Hoffman Einstein pp. 225-26. This paper is included on Shields's list of Einstein's most significant papers; see Albert Einstein Philosopher-Scientist 1949 p. 758. Weil 165. Pais Subtle is the Lord pp. 344-46. unknown‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 37419

‎EINSTEIN ALBERT. FOUNDING LASER PHYSICS.‎

‎Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung.‎

‎Leipzig S. Hirzel 1917. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine and 5 raised bands with ornaments in gilt. In "Physikalische Zeitschrift" Bd. 18 1917. Spine and hinges with wear otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. 121-128. Entire volume: XI 1 604 pp. 14 plates. � The paper was first published in 1916 in Mitteilungen der Physikalischen Gesellschaft in Z�rich but here for the first time in Physikalische Zeitschrift. All subsequent research on absorption and emission of radiation and the entire discovery of the maser later the laser was based on the research presented in the present paper. The paper is also notable for introducing the concept but not the name of the photon; Einstein argues that in the interaction of matter and radiation there must be in addition to the processes of absorption and spontaneous emission a third process of stimulated emission. If stimulated emission exists then he can derive the Planck distribution for blackbody radiation and without it the same argument implies the invalid Wien-distribution theory.<br><br>"In this paper he derived Planck's original quantum law from a different starting point he suggested that as well as spontaneous emission and absorption there could also take place the process of stimulated emission. In 1917 this seemed mainly of theoretical interest; forty years later it was utilized to provide the maser and laser of modern technology. <br>In 1916 "Einstein came back once more to blackbody radiation and made further progress. In November 1916 he wrote to Besso: 'A splendid light has fallen on me about the absorption and emission of radiation'. His reasoning is divided into three papers two of which appeared in 1916 and the third one early in 1917 the two papers above - note that these are the two papers of Einstein on radiation theory cited by Weil as "principal works"; a third paper from 1916 is not. In these papers Einstein proposed a statistical theory of the interaction between atoms and photons gave a new demonstration of Planck's radiation theory and introduced the concept of 'stimulated emission' providing the basis for the discovery of masers and lasers " Bertolotti The History of the Laser.<br><br>"When Einstein returned to the radiation problem in 1916 the quantum theory had undergone a major change. Niels Bohr's papers had opened a new and fertile domain for the application of quantum concepts-the explanation of atomic structure and atomic spectra. In addition Bohr's work and its generalizations by Arnold Sommerfeld and others constituted a fresh approach to the foundations of the quantum theory of matter. Einstein's new work showed the influence of these ideas . He had found still another derivation of Planck's black-body radiation law an "astonishingly simple and general" one which he thought might<br>properly be called "the derivation" 12 of this important law. It was based on statistical assumptions about the processes of absorption and emission of radiation and on Bohr's basic quantum hypothesis that atomic systems have a discrete set of possible stationary states. The proof turned on the requirement that absorption and emission of radiation both spontaneous and stimulated suffice to keep a gas of atoms in thermodynamic equilibrium. This paper introduced the concept of stimulated emission into the quantum theory and is therefore often described as the basis of laser physics. Einstein himself considered the most important contribution of this work to be not the new derivation of the distribution law but rather the arguments he presented for the directional character of energy quanta. DSB <br><br>Weil No 91 with an asterix denoting major paper. hardcover‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 46895

‎EINSTEIN ALBERT + P. EHRENFEST.‎

‎Zur Quantentheorie des Strahlungsgleichgewichts.‎

‎Berlin Julius Springer 1923. 8vo. Entire volume 19 and 20 of "Zeitschrift f�r Physik" bound in contemporary black half cloth with gilt title to spine. Library stamp to title-page and paper label pasted on to lower part of spine. Minor wear to extremities. A nice and clean copy. Pp. 301-6. Entire volume: IV 426 pp. � First edition.<br>Weil 138; Schilpp-Shields 178.<br><br>The volume also contains:<br>Meitner Lise. Ueber eine m�gliche Deutung des kontinuierlichen beta-Strahlenspektrums. Pp. 307-321.<br>Pauli W. Zur Frage der Zuordnung der Komplexstrukturterme in starken und in schwachen �usseren Feldern. Pp. 371-88. hardcover‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 43840

‎Einstein Albert‎

‎ZUR QUANTENTHEORIE DER STRAHLUNG contained in volume XVIII 1917 of Physikalische Zeitschrift‎

‎Lipezig 1917. first edition. 4to. hardcover. Volume 18 of Physikalische Zeitschrift volume 18 at pp. 121-128. One of Einstein's great achievements in quantum mechanics. 3/4 black cloth and marbled boards gilt spine lettering. Ex-university library with no spine numbers but a bookplate and pocket. Cover board edges rounded at tips. Text clean and binding secure; no other owner marks. no hinges cracked. . hardcover‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : a94390

‎Einstein E.‎

‎Zur Theorie des Radiometers.‎

‎Leipzig Johann Ambosius Barth 1922. 8vo. 14 pp. Original printed wrappers. An important contribution to the understanding of the radiometer effect by the physicist Edith Einstein 1888-1960. "The Crookes radiometer also known as a light mill consists of an airtight glass bulb containing a partial vacuum with a set of vanes which are mounted on a spindle inside. The vanes rotate when exposed to light with faster rotation for more intense light providing a quantitative measurement of electromagnetic radiation intensity. The reason for the rotation was a cause of much scientific debate in the ten years following the invention of the device" Wikipedia. James Clerk Maxwell first gave a wrong then a correct explanation. However some subtleties still needed to be solved. "In 1920 Albert Einstein selected this topic as a suitable PhD thesis for his cousin Edith Einstein. She completed her doctorate under the supervision of Paul Epstein but with considerable imput from Einstein himself" Calaprice et al. Later in 1924 Albert wrote another paper on the radiometer effect corecting edith on a few issues. Published in the famous Annalen der Physik vierte Folge Band 69. This being the complete Heft 4 published on 30 November 1922. Minimal wear to spine ends otherwise a very good clean copy. Very uncommon. Calaprice et al. An Einstein Encyclopaedia p. 160. unknown‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 74098

‎EINSTEIN A. + S. N. BOSE.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Radiometerkr�fte Addendum to Bose's paper: Einstein �ber die Entwicklung des Drehkristallverfahrens. Bemerkung zu der Arbeit von Polanyi Schiebold und Wissenberg.‎

‎Berlin Springer 1924. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth. In "Zeitschrift f�r Physik" Bd. 27. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end paper. Fine and clean. Einstein: Pp. 1-6; P. 392. Bose: P. 392. Entire volume: IV 395 1 pp. � First appearance of Einstein's paper on statistical mechanics and the physics of radiometers. <br><br>Weil 139 143a hardcover‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 49431

‎EINSTEIN ALBERT. THE NOBEL PRIZE PAPER.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtsabsorption; Eingegangen 13. M�rz 1906. On the Theory of Light Production and Light Absorption.‎

‎Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1906. No wrappers. Extracted from "Annalen der Physik" Vierte Folge. Bd. 20. Pp. 199-206. Clean and fine. � First printing of one of the papers for which Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. It was for the papers "Ueber einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt" of 1905 and "Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung. Theory of light emission and absorption the offered item that Einstein received the prize: "for his services to theoretical physics and especially for his discoveryof the law of the photoelectrical effect" - his reward was not based on relativity.<br><br>"The quantum theory has affected virtually every branch of physics. Its earliest and one of its most significant developments was Einstein's application of the theory to what is known as the 'photo-electrical effect'.Einstein explained this effext by suggesting that the classical view that light is emitted in the form of continous waves must be abandoned. The photo-electrical effect could be explained only as an example of quantum action where the waves of light or X-rays are emitted in minute particles or bullets. It is he size of the bullet the wave-lenght of the radiation which determines the number of electrons ejected. It was for this and not for the theory of relativity that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. Einstein's two fundamental papers on this subject are "Ueber einem Erzeugung." 1905 and Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung the paper offered here" PMM the note to 391.<br><br>Weil: 12 with an asterix denoting a major paper - Boni:12. unknown‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 46956

‎EINSTEIN ALBERT.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Lichtfortpflanzung in dispergierenden Medien.‎

‎Berlin Gruyter & Co. 1922. 4to. Orig.printed orange wrappers. Offprint/Sonderabdruck aus Sitzungsberichten. pp. 18-22. Fine fresh copy. � First edition in the rare Offprint still called "Abdruck". - Weil No. 120.<br>The early Offprints from "Sitzungsberichten." are called "Sonderabdruck" up to Weil No.165 including this. From Weil 166 they are called "Sonderausgabe.". - Before 161 up to 160 the Offprints do not have separate title and pagination the pagination follows the numbering in the periodical. From 166 the Offprint has both separate printed title and pagination. - So Weil Nos 161-165 is still "Abdruck" but with separate title and pagination. These facts are not mentioned in the bibliographies. unknown‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 28358

‎Einstein A. Albert‎

‎Zur Theorie der Lichtfortpflanzung in dispergierenden Medien. Offprint from Sitzungsbericht der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1922 pp. 18-22‎

‎FIRST EDITION OFFPRINT IN ORIGINAL WRAPS EINSTEIN'S THEORY OF THE LIGHT PROPAGATION IN DISPERSIVE MEDIA. WEIL 120. Collectors prize offprints because they are separately printed by journals and frequently issued in small quantities intended only for the author's use and distribution to colleagues. "After 1917 Einstein firmly believed that light-quanta were here to stay thus it is not surprising that he would look for new ways in which the existence of photons might lead to observable deviation from the classical picture. In this he did not succeed. At one point in 1921 he thought he had found a new quantum criterion but it soon turned out to be a false lead as demonstrated in this paper" Schilpp-Shields 162. That paper - the one offered here - is Einstein's evidence that his 1921 efforts were incorrect. In this paper Einstein introduces a calculation on the topic and explains why his earlier proposed experiment of his had not been well considered because it could not predict a good choice between two theoretical alternatives" Calaprice Einstein Encyclopedia 98. CONDITION & DETAILS: Berlin: Sitzungsberichten der Preussischen Akademie der Wiss. Pp. 18-22. Offprint in original wraps. 10 x 7.25 inches; 250 x 181mm. Clean and bright inside and out. Near fine condition. Sitzungsberichten der Preussischen Akademie der Wiss paperback‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 902

‎Einstein Albert‎

‎ZUR THEORIE DER RADIOMETERKRAFTE‎

‎1924 first edition. Viewig Article on pp. 1-6 in one complete issue of Zeitschrift fur Physik siebenundzwanzigster band 27 heft 1. In complete volume. Hardcover. Octavo 395p. blue buckram. Many similiar important articles in same volume by other scientists. Near Fine. . hardcover‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : a88012a

‎Einstein Albert‎

‎Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtabsorption. WITH: Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunktsbewgung und die Tragheit der Energie‎

‎Leipzig: Barth 1906. 1st Edition. Hardcover. Fine. FIRST EDITION of two important Einstein papers including one of the two papers on his Noble Prize winning work on the photoelectric effect. On the Theory of Light Production and Light Absorption: A continuation and development of Einstein's revolutionary first paper in 1905 on the photoelectric effect "On a Heuristic Point of View about the Creation and Conversion of Light". "In a companion paper to "On a Heuristic Point." published in 1906 Einstein exposed appeal to the quantum as fundamentally counter to the ethos of classical physics: 'the theoretical bases on which Planck's radiation theory rests are different from those of Maxwell's theory'. Planck had not initially intended to quantify light-radiation itself but Einstein demonstrated that his own 'light-quantum hypothesis' was implicit in Planck's earlier work. In viewing radiation not as a continuous wave but as composed of small packets of energy later called photons Einstein was again shaking the foundations of classical physics" Honner The Description of Nature 31. Particle Physics: One Hundred Years of Discoveries: "Corpuscular-wave dualism for photons. Explanation of the photoelectric effect using the quantum hypothesis of Planck. Nobel prize to A. Einstein awarded in 1921 'for services to Theoretical Physics and especially of he law of the photoelectric effect.'" Weil 12. The Principle of Conservation of Motion of the Center of Gravity and the Inertia of Energy: Einstein's further development of E=mc2. Einstein boldly uses his relationship to insist that the conservation of mass is a special case of the conservation of energy and broadens the law to include not only mechanical but electromagnetic processes as well. Weil 13. IN: Annalen der Physik Vol. 20 pp. 199-206; 627-633. Leipzig: Barth 1906. Octavo modern full green morocco. Rippling to the first few leaves of volume not affecting Einstein papers. Provenance: with library stamp on series title from the prestigious Gmelin Institute after 1996 part of the Max Planck Institute. Very handsomely bound. Barth hardcover‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 602

‎EINSTEIN ALBERT und W. MAYER.‎

‎Zwei strenge statische L�sungen der feldgleichungen der einheitlichen Feldtheorie.‎

‎Berlin Gruyter & Co. 1930. 4to. Orig. printed orange wrappers. Offprint/Sonderausgabe aus Sitzungsberichten.pp. 1-13. Fine fresh copy. � First edition in the rare Offprint with its separate printed title and separate pagination. Se Weil No. 170 not mentioning this.<br>The early Offprints from "Sitzungsberichten." are called "Sonderabdruck" up to Weil No.165 including this. From Weil 166 they are called "Sonderausgabe.". - Before 161 up to 160 the Offprints do not have separate title and pagination the pagination follows the numbering in the periodical. From 166 the Offprint has both separate printed title and pagination. - So Weil Nos 161-165 is still "Abdruck" but with separate title and pagination. These facts are not mentioned in the bibliographies. unknown‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 28376

‎Einstein Albert‎

‎Zwei strenge statische Losungen der Feldgleichungen der einheitlichen Feldtheorie. Offprint‎

‎Berlin: Akad. Wiss 1930. Weil 170. Offprint from S. preuss. Akad. Wiss. Akad. Wiss unknown‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 37422

‎Einstein A.‎

‎Äther und Relativitätstheorie. Rede gehalten am 5. mai 1920 an der Reichs-Universität zu Leiden 1. AUFLAGE‎

‎Berlin Springer 1920 first edition. wrappers. 8vo. Einstein was a.o. Professor in Leiden in the academic year 1920-1921; for a period of 3 years he had been invited with strong arguments by Lorentz Kamerlingh Onnes and Ehrenfest. RARE IN THIS VERY GOOD CONDITION stamp of bookseller on titlepage Berlin, Springer, 1920, first edition unknown‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 16040

‎EINSTEIN ALBERT & J. LAUB.‎

‎�ber die elektromagnetischen Grundgleichungen f�r bewegte K�rper Fundamental equations of the electromagnetism of moving bodies; And same authors: �ber die elektromagnetischen Felde auf ruhende K�rper ausge�bten ponderomotorischen Kr�fte Ponderomotive forces acting on a body at rest in an electromagnetic field; And same authors: Berichtigung zur Abhandlung "�ber die elektromagnetischen Grundgleichungen f�r bewegte K�rper‎

‎Leipzig J.A. Barth 1908. 2 contemp. hcalf and hcloth. Spines slightly rubbed. In "Annalen der Physik. Hrsg. von W. Wien und M. Planck" vol. 26 and 27. VI1032 and plates pp. VIII1112 pp. and plates.- Einstein & Laub papers: pp.532-541 pp. 541-550 pp. p. 232. Whole volumes offered. � First editions of all three papers.- Volume 26 contains also a first printing of Max Planck. "Zur Dynamik bewegter Systeme". Pp. 1-34. Planck Akademie No 76. - Weil: 22 1-2 and 23. hardcover‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 39155

‎EINSTEIN A. + E. RUPP. THE GREATEST SCANDAL IN PHYSICS AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE‎

‎�ber die Interferenzeigenschaften des durch Kanalstrahlen emittierten Lichtes Einstein �ber die Interferenzeigenschaften des Kanalstrahllichtes Rupp. Offprint from "Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften" XXV 1926.‎

‎1926. Royal8vo. Author's presentation offprint with the printed presentation statement on top of frontwrapper "�berreicht von den Verfassern" i.e. "Given by the authors". Original printed wrappers. Front wrapper loose but fully intact. "Chilpp 202" and "Recdese 160" written in hand to top of front wrapper. A very fine and clean copy. Pp. 334-351. � First edition in the scarce author's presentation offprint issue of this important paper which contains Einstein's theories on wave-particle duality and German physicist Rupp's work on the same subject seemingly to corroborating Einstein's theories. Rupp's experimental results later turned out to have been falsifications and today he is mainly known as the protagonist in one of the biggest scandals in physics in the 20th century.<br><br>Rupp published a number of papers on the interference properties of light emitted by canal ray sources. These articles particularly the present that came into being in close collaboration with Albert Einstein attracted quite a lot of attention as they probed the wave versus particle nature of light. They also significantly propelled Rupp's career even though they were considered highly controversial to begin with.<br><br>In April 1926 Albert Einstein proposed to Emil Rupp to carry out two experiments that were to prove the wave nature of light versus the particle nature of light: the so-called 'Wire Grid Experiment' and the 'Rotated Mirror Experiment' experiments that Einstein had worked on theoretically and now would like to gain confirmation of through experiments. <br>Rupp at the time regarded as one of the most important and most competent experimental physicists gladly took up the challenge. Rupp's observations - though highly controversial - confirmed Einstein's theory. Due to the surprising outcome of the experiments Einstein was interested in exactly how it they were conducted as Rupp's initial descriptions did not convince him that the results were feasible.<br><br>"Rupp stood by his observations and suggested yet other circumstances that might explain them. Did Einstein now realize that there was something rather dubious about Rupp's work He had seen him change his data repeatedly-and each time in better accordance with his own criticism and on one occasion in no less than two days. He had had to accept that Rupp claimed to earlier have "unknowingly" or "unconsciously" rotated a mirror and he will likely have seen that Rupp's work was highly controversial amongst experimentalists leading to very public criticism in Die Naturwissenschaften. He himself was now also convinced that in fact Rupp's results were incomprehensible. So did Einstein choose to suspend the publication of Rupp's piece so that an additional round of checks and balances could take place <br>The answer is no: Rupp's paper was presented by Einstein to the Prussian Academy in a session on 21 October 1926 and it appeared in print in the Academy's proceedings in November of 1926-the articles by Einstein and Rupp came out back to back and reprints circulated with both papers bound together with a joint cover page that displayed both titles. Einstein referred in his article to Rupp's claims and he had even written the abstract of Rupp's paper" Dongen: "Emil Rupp Albert Einstein and the Canal Ray Experiments on Wave-Particle".<br><br>The first clear indication that Rupp's work was impossible to recreate came in 1930 in a paper published by Staub - nothing was wrong with Einstein's theory but Rupp's work was simply impossible: "Rupp immediately set out to respond to Straub's publication. On 12 July 1930 he sent a first draft to Einstein to whom he also announced his intention of redoing his canal ray experiments-Straub was dismissed as a clumsy graduate student with a lousy apparatus. Einstein suggested inviting Straub once Rupp had his experiment up and running again but cautioned him not to engage the polemic in too sharp a tone". Rupp managed to convince the physics society and continued to publish the new few years. In 1934 various different physicians pointed out that Rupp's work was impossible to recreate and in 1935 the final blow to Rupp's career came about when the German Physical Society's decided not to allow any citations of Rupp's work. This seems to have had very severe consequences as today it is almost impossible to find any quotations - or even mentioning of Rupp in general let alone his fraud - in any historical studies of either quantum theory or of Einstein.<br><br>Despite the unquestionable fraud by Rupp his experiments and collaboration with Einstein might have had a positive influence on the further progression to quantum mechanics. The two present papers became of seminal importance in the discussions between Bohr and Heisenberg which eventually in 1927 resulted in Heisenberg publishing his landmark thesis on the uncertainty principle. When Max Born received the Nobel Prize in physics he stated that: "An idea of Einstein gave me the lead From the present paper. He had tried to make the duality of particles-light quanta or photons-and waves comprehensible by interpreting the square of the optical wave amplitudes as probability density for the occurrence of photons."<br><br>Boni 160; Weil 153. unknown‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 46540

‎EINSTEIN ALBERT.‎

‎�ber die M�glichkeit einer neuen Pr�fung des Relativit�tsprinzips.‎

‎Leipzig Barth 1907. 8vo. Extract from "Annalen der Physik IV23" pp.197-198. � First edition in the periodical form. - Weil No. 17. unknown‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 41347

‎EINSTEIN ALBERT. FIRST PRINTING OF E=mc2‎

‎�ber die M�glichkeit einer neuen Pr�fung des Relativit�tsprinzips; withbound: Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: "Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Fl�chensatz"; withbound: �ber die vom Relativit�tsprinzip geforderte Tr�gheit der Energie; 3 Papers.‎

‎Leipzig J.A. Barth 1907. Contep. hcloth. Both hinges with a tear at upper part. "Annalen der Physik Vierte Folge. Band 23. Herausgegeben von W.Wien und M. Planck" VIII1000 pp. and 4 plates. Einstein's papers pp. 197-98 a. 206-209 a. 371-384. Internally fine and clean. The whole volume offered. � All 3 papers in first edition. - The first paper "New possibility of testing the relativity principle" deals with the shift of canal rays in the Dobbler effect as a possible confirmation of the Principle of Relativity - the confirmation became actual only in 1938 when new improved instrumentation made it possible. - The second paper "remarks concerning Paul Ehrenfest's note: 'Translation of the deformable electron and the momentum law' Einstein gives his answer by relating it to his Theory of Relativity. - The third paper "The inertia of energy as demanded by the principle of relativity" which is a importen paper as it i is the first to state E=mc2 in its general form. general form. This new relation which was adumbrated already in his paper of 1906 Das prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunktsbewegung brings about the complete unification of mass and energy into a single concept. In natural units which make c=1 we have E=m i.e. mass and energy are one and the same quantity. Every form of energy also has a mass value just as every mass represents a definite amount of energy. - Weil Nos 1718 a. 19 hardcover‎

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