‎Einstein‎

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Zum Quantensatz von Somerfeld und Epstein"‎

‎Braunschweig, Vieweg & Sohn, 1917. Contemp. hcalf. Spine worn and covers detached. Internally clean and fine. ""Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft im Jahre 1917. Neunzehnter Jahrgang. Herausgegeben von Karl Scheel."" V,372 pp. Einstein paper: pp. 82-92. The whole volume offered.‎

‎First edition. Containing also Max von Laue: ""Bandenspektrum und molekulare Quantendrehungen"" pp.130-38. and ""Ein Versagen der klassischen Optik: pp. 19-21. - Weil No 94.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 38838

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Beiträge zur Quantentheorie‎

‎Braunschweig, Vieweg & Sohn, 1914. Later full cloth. A stamp to the general titlepage. IX,1072"414 pp., textillustrations. ""Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft im Jahre 1914. Sechzehnter Jahrgang. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel."" Einstein paper pp. 820-828. Internally clean and fine. The whole volume offered‎

‎First edition. In this paper ""Contributions to quantum theory"" two considerations are given which are interrelated by a common goal, inasmuch as it is attempted to derive two of the most importent achievementss of quantum theory, viz. Planck's radiation law and Nernst's third law of thermodynamics, in a new manner. The proofs do not involve Boltzmann's equation and are thus based enterely on macroscopic thermodynamics. They do introduce, however, the quantum hupothesis. (Einstein points out that the alleged 'proofs' which try to derive the theorem of Nernst from the mere fact that the heat capacity of all substances goes to zero at absolute zero temterature, are not genuine). (Cornelius Lanczos).- Weil No 67.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 38840

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Über einen Satz der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung und seine Anwendung in der Strahlentheorie (Together with L. Hopf) (Withbound:) Statistische Untersuchungen der Bewegung eines Resnators in einem Strahlungsfeld (Withbound:) Theorie der Opaleszenz von ...‎

‎Leipzig, J.A. Barth, 1910. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt, a fs scratches to spine. VIII,1584 pp. and 6 plates. Einstein papers: pp. 1096: pp. 1105-1115" pp. 1275-1298. Fine and clean. The whole volume offered.‎

‎All three papers first edition. The purpose of ""A theorem in probability and its application in the Theory of radiation"" is to demonstrate that the failure of statistical mechanics with respect to the radiation law (Rayleigh - Jeans law, contradicted by experience) cannot be removed by the conjecture that perhaps the individual statistical events should not follow the usual law of independence (product of probabilities) instead of assuming a certain interdependence between them. (Lanczos). The second paper ""Statistical investigation on of the motion of an oscillator in a radiation field"", makes use of the results of the previous investigation. Einstein's aim is to demonstrate that the Rayleigh-jeans law of radiation (contracdicted by the physical facts) is an unavoidable consequence of statistics, even if we avoid any kind of assumption which may be suspected of needing correction. (Lanczos). The third paper ""Theory of the opalescence of homogenous fluids and fluid mixtures near the critical state"" is an importent investigation and one of the most difficult of all his papers to understand. The aim of the paper is to complement the work of Smoluchovski (Ann. d. Physik,25, 1908) who gave a general explanation of the strong density fluctuations - and the opalescence thus generated - of two fluids near the critical state of mixture (or a single fluid near the critical state of condensation) on the basis of the kinetic theory of heat. he did notgive, however,the quantitative details concerning the scattered light associated with this phenomenon. (Lanczos). - Weil Nos 34, 35 and 36 (with an asterix denoting major work).‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 38842

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT, MAX BORN, MAX PLANCK, K.von FRISCH.‎

‎Newtons Mechanik und ihr Einfluss auf die Gestaltung der theoretischen Physik. (Withbound Max Born:)Quantenmechanik und Statistik. (Withbound Max Planck:) Die physikalische Realität der Lichtsquanten. (Withbound Arnold Sommerfeld:) Zur Elektrontheori...‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1927. 4to. Contemp. hcloth. Spine a bit worn. ""Die Naturwissenschaften. Hrsg. von Arnold Berliner. 15. jahrgang"" XXIV,1000 pp. Einstein paper: pp. 273-276 and 1 portrait of Newton. - Born Paper: pp. 238-242. - Planck paper: 529-531. - Sommerfeld paper 825-832 - von Frisch papers: pp. 321-326 and pp. 963-968. The whole volume offered.‎

‎All papers in first edition. The Einstein paper is his contribution to the Anniversary volume of Newton's death. - Weil No 158. - Planck: Akademie No. 165 - K. v. Frisch received the Nobel Prize for his works on animal psychology and behaviour in 1975.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 38844

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - LIEBER, LILLIAN R.‎

‎The Einstein Theory of Relativity.‎

‎London, Dennis Dobson, 1949. Orig. cloth. 324 pp. Illustr. by Hugh Gray Lieber.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 38876

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunktsbewegung und die Trägheit der Energie" (Principle of the Conservation of the centre of mass motion and the inertia of energy).‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906). Bound in a fine recent hmorocco. Gilt lettering on spine. ""Annalen der Physik"", Bd. 20, Heft 8, pp. 433-640. The Einstein paper pp. 627-633.‎

‎First edition of this paper in the periodical form in which Einstein shows that the conservation of mass is a special application of his energy principle (E= Mc2) - ""Einstein considers a weightless (horizontal) cylinder filled with electromagnetic radiation and closed to the external world. A certain amount of radiating energy E moves from the left end of the cylinder to the right end, transferring a certain amount of momentum (due to radiation pressure) to the left end which translates the cylinder to the left. When the radiation arrives at the right end, the motion stops. We now imagine, that a practically massless body absorbs this radiation, moves back to the left and deposits it to its original state. Then the body moves back to right end, into its original position. Now a complete cycle has taken place, the system is back in its original state, but the center of mass has moved by a certain amount to the left. This process can be repeated any number of times with the result that a body, all by itself, without any external forces, can change its centre of mass by an arbitrary amount, in contradiction to all physical evidence. This conclusion is avoided if we assume that the energy E is associated with the mass M=E/c2 in which case the centre of mass remains permanently at rest, in agreement with our ecpectations."" Cornelius Lanczos). - Weil: 13.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 39057

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Sur L'Électrodynamique des Corps en Mouvement. Traduit par M. Solovine. Avec un Portrait de L'Auteur.‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars et Cie, 1925. Small8vo. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. Portrait. (4),56,(2) pp. + Publisher's Cat. (6 pp.). 2 leaves with an insignificant small loss of upper right corner. A fine copy.‎

‎First French edition of the initials papers on Special Relativity. It is a translation of the 2 Einstein-papers which appeared in 1905, ""Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper"" and ""Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig ?"". Published in the series ""Les Maitres de la Pensee scientifique"". - Weil: 9 c - Schielpp-Schields: 189. - Boni-Laurence: 9 B and 10 B.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 39308

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Über die Möglichkeit einer neuen Prüfung des Relativitätsprinzips.‎

‎(Leipzig, Barth, 1907). 8vo. Extract from ""Annalen der Physik IV,23"", pp.197-198.‎

‎First edition in the periodical form. - Weil No. 17.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 41347

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT (+) NIELS BOHR.‎

‎Die Ursache der Mäanderbildung der Flussläufe und des sogenannten Baerschen gesetzes (+) Vorschlag zu einem die Natur des elementaren Strahlungsemissionsprocesses betreffenden Experiment [Einstein] (+) Atomtheorie und Mechanik [Bohr].‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1926. Lex8vo. In ""Die Naturwissenschaften"", Vierzehnter Jahrgang, 1926. Entire volume offered bound in a nice contemporary half calf with five raised band and gilt lettering to spine. Minor wear to capitals, otherwise a very fine and clean copy. [Einstein:] Pp. 223-24" Pp. 300-1 [Bohr:] Pp. 1-10. [Entire volume: XXVIII, 1286, 72 pp.].‎

‎First edition of all three papers. In the first paper, Einstein explains the causes behind Baer's law: Due to the rotation of the earth erosion occurs mostly on the right banks of rivers in the Nothern Hemisphere while in the Southern Hemisphere erosion occurs primarily on the left banks. Weil Nos 150154‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 43839

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - PIONEERWORK IN GLOBULAR CLUSTER DYNAMICS‎

‎Eine einfache Anwendung des Newtonschen Gravitationsgesetzes auf die Kugelförmigen Sternhaufen. (A Simple Application of the Newtonian Law of Gravitation to Globular Star Clusters)‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1921. Lex8vo. Orig. printed wrappers. Offprint/Sonderdruck from ""Der Festschrift der Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften zu ihrem 10jährigen Jubiläum"". Pp. 50-52. A small tear to right margin (1 cm), otherwise fine and clean. At foot frontwrapper ""Nicht im Handel"".‎

‎First edition, the offprint issue, of this pioneerwork in globular cluster physics.""In his paper on M13 (Einstein 1921) concluded that the non-luminous mass contributes no higher order of magnitude to the total mass than does the luminous mass.To my knowledge this has been Einstein's only contact with globular clusters. As in other issues, his claim still holds.""(Tom Richtler).Weil:117 - Boni:123.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46469

‎"EINSTEIN, A. - THE SINGULARITY PROBLEM - ASSOCIATION COPY.‎

‎Demonstration of the Non-Existence of Gravitational Fields with a non-vanishing total Mass free of Singularities.‎

‎Tucuman, Argentina, 1941. Royal8vo. Orig. printed wrappers. Offprint from ""Revista. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman"", Series A Matematicas y Fisica Teorica, Vol. 2, Diciembre de 1941, Nos 1 y 2. Pp. 11-15. Fine and clean. This copy has belonged to Abraham Pais (1918-2000) - the famous Einstein scholar, theoretical physicist and Einsteins collegue at Princeton - and having his name on top of the frontwrapper ""A Pais""‎

‎First edition of a scarce paper in the offprint version. The paper ""represents the basis of the one written by the same author in collaboration with Wolfgang Pauli in 1943, in which, by following analogous lines, the proof of the non-existence of regular particle-type solutions was generalized to the case of cilyndrical geometries in Kaluza-Klein theory (Einstein & Pauli, 1943). Besides, other generalizations were subsequently presented. The (non)-existence of such solutions in classical unified field theory was undoubtedly an important criterion leading Einstein's investigations.""(Galvagno and Giribet).""In his search for a unified field theory that could undercut quantum mechanics, Einstein considered five-dimensional classical Kaluza-Klein theory. He studied this theory most intensively during the years 1938-1943. One of his primary objectives was finding a non-singular particle solution. In the full theory this search got frustrated, and in the x5-independent theory Einstein, together with Pauli, argued it would be impossible to find these structures."" (Jeroen van Dongen).Weil: 208. - Boni: 243.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46476

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - THE NOBEL LECTURE.‎

‎Grundgedanken und Probleme der Relativitätstheorie. (Fundamental ideas and problems of the theory of relativity). Vortrag gehalten an der Nordischen Naturforscherversammlung in Gotenburg den 11 Juli 1923. (Basic ideas and problems of the theory of rel...‎

‎Stockholm, Nordstedt & Fils, 1923. Orig. printed wrappers. Offprint from ""Les Prix Nobel en 1921-1922"". Pp. 1-10. Fine and clean.‎

‎First edition in the scarce offprint version of Einsteins Nobel lecture. The paper presents the Nobel lecture delivered in Göteborg on July 11, 1923. Because Einstein did not deliver the lecture at the same time as he received the award, it did not concern the prize topic, which was ""for his attainments in mathematical physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectrical effect.""In relation to his Nobel Prize, Einstein would have preferred to speak on unified field theory, but he followed Arrhenius proposal ""but it is certain that one would be most grateful for a lecture about your relativity theory."" On a very hot day in July, Einstein, dressed in a black redingote, addressed an audience of about two thousand in the Jubilee Hall in Göteborg on ""basic ideas and problems of the theory of relativity."" King Gustav V, who was present, had a pleasant chat with Einstein afterwards. Einstein later gave a second, more technical lecture at Chalmers Technical Institute for about fifty members of the Science Society.""(Pais, pp. 504-5).Weil: 135. - Boni: 136.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46478

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Newtons Mechanik und ihr Einsfluss auf die Gestaltung der theoretischen Physik.‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1927. 4to. Orig. printed wrappers. In ""Die Naturwissenschaften"", Heft 12, Fünfzehnter Jahrg. (Seite 273-296), textillustrations. Einstein's paper pp. 273-276. With one plate (portrait of Newton). Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of Einstein's Newton-paper, which was later included in ""Mein Weltbild"" and its translation in ""In the World as I see it""- Weil: 158 - Boni: 166.The issue contaions also a first-printing by Max von Laue ""Aus Newtons Optik"", pp. 276-280, textillustr.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46484

‎"[EINSTEIN, ALBERT].‎

‎APPENDIX FOR THE SECOND EDITION [of The Meaning of Relativity] + APPENDIX II. GENERALIZED THEORY OF GRAVITATION. - [ORIGINAL PROOF-COPY]‎

‎[1950]. 8vo. Original proof-copy (of the latest stage, presumably final proof, in the same format as the printed version and with no corrections), printed on rectos and versos. Stapled twice in left margin. A few marginal creases. A (proof-) number to upper left corner in red ink (297). Pp. 109-148 + tipped-in errata slip at p. 147.‎

‎Very rare original proof-copy of the two highly important appendices for Einstein's ""The Meaning of Relativity"", third edition, 1950, the second appendix being one of the most important pieces Einstein ever wrote, namely the appendix ""in which he described his most recent work on unification"" (Pais), and the work which was hailed by The New York Times under the heading ""New Einstein theory gives a master key to the universe"". The first appendix, which appeared for the second edition of the work, remained unchanged throughout the history of ""the Meaning of Relativity"" and was written because ""Since the first edition of this little book some advances have been made in the theory of relativity. [...] The first step forward is the conclusive demonstration of the existence of the red shift of the spectral lines by the (negative) gravitational potential of the place of origin"" [...] A second step forward, which will be mentioned briefly, concerns the law of motion of a gravitating body."" [...] A third step forward, concerning the so-called ""cosmologic problem,"" wiil be considered here in detail..."" (pp. 109-10). The present 40 pages constitute the final proof-copy of the entire appendices I and II to the Generalized Theory of Gravitation, exactly as they appeared in the third edition (Princeton in 1950). Einstein's ""The Meaning of Relativity"" was originally published in 1922, on the basis of his ""Vier Vorlesungen ueber Relativitetstheorie"" given at Princeton in 1921. A second edition, with an appendix (appendix I) appeared in 1945 (several issues and editions of this appeared also), and in 1949 the third edition, with the seminal Appendix II printed for the first time, appears (also appeared in 1950, in Princeton). In 1950 a revised edition of the third edition appears, having Appendix II slightly revised, and in 1953 the heavily revised fourth edition appears. THIS IS THE PROOF-COPY OF APPENDICES I AND II FOR THE ""THIRD EDITION, INCLUDING THE GENERALIZED THEORY OF GRAVITATION"" (PRINCETON, 1950). The main focus of the work throughout all these editions of the work since 1949 is Appendix II, which deals with Einstein's main interest, the generalization of the Gravitation Theory, which was to unite the general theory of relativity with electromagnetism, recovering an approximation for quantum theory, and presenting us with a theory to explain the universe as a unified entity, the ultimate goal for the greatest physicist that ever lived. ""This was Einstein's ultimate response to the mechanical-electromagnetic crisis in physical theory he had first talked about in the opening of his 1905 light quantum-paper."" (Nandor, in D.S.B., p. 330). It was indeed Einstein's aim to provide an explanation of the universe through his unified field theory, although he was well aware that his sort of field theory might not exist. However, even the establishing of the non-existence of it could bring us closer to an explanation than we had ever been before. There is no topic of greater importance to Einstein than his theory of unification. ""In 1949 Einstein wrote a new appendix for the third edition of his ""The Meaning of Relativity"" in which he described his most recent work on unification. It was none of his doing that a page of his manuscript appeared on the front page of ""The New York Times"" under the heading ""New Einstein theory gives a master key to the universe"". He refused to see reporters and asked Helen Dukas to relay this message to them: ""Come back and see me in twenty years""."" (Pais, p. 350).‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46543

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung. - [FOUNDING LASER PHYSICS.]‎

‎Leipzig, S. Hirzel, 1917. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine and 5 raised bands with ornaments in gilt. In ""Physikalische Zeitschrift"", Bd. 18, 1917. Spine and hinges with wear, otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. 121-128. [Entire volume: XI, (1), 604 pp. + 14 plates.‎

‎The paper was first published in 1916 in Mitteilungen der Physikalischen Gesellschaft in Zürich, but here for the first time in Physikalische Zeitschrift. All subsequent research on absorption and emission of radiation and the entire discovery of the maser, later the laser, was based on the research presented in the present paper. The paper is also notable for introducing the concept (but not the name) of the photon"" Einstein argues that in the interaction of matter and radiation there must be, in addition to the processes of absorption and spontaneous emission, a third process of stimulated emission. If stimulated emission exists then he can derive the Planck distribution for blackbody radiation and without it the same argument implies the invalid Wien-distribution theory.""In this paper he derived Planck's original quantum law from a different starting point, he suggested that as well as spontaneous emission and absorption, there could also take place the process of stimulated emission. In 1917 this seemed mainly of theoretical interest"" forty years later it was utilized to provide the maser and laser of modern technology. In 1916, ""Einstein came back once more to blackbody radiation and made further progress. In November 1916 he wrote to Besso: 'A splendid light has fallen on me about the absorption and emission of radiation'. His reasoning is divided into three papers, two of which appeared in 1916 and the third one early in 1917 [the two papers above - note that these are the two papers of Einstein on radiation theory cited by Weil as ""principal works"""" a third paper from 1916 is not.] In these papers, Einstein proposed a statistical theory of the interaction between atoms and photons, gave a new demonstration of Planck's radiation theory and introduced the concept of 'stimulated emission', providing the basis for the discovery of masers and lasers "" (Bertolotti, The History of the Laser).""When Einstein returned to the radiation problem in 1916, the quantum theory had undergone a major change. Niels Bohr's papers had opened a new and fertile domain for the application of quantum concepts-the explanation of atomic structure and atomic spectra. In addition Bohr's work and its generalizations by Arnold Sommerfeld and others constituted a fresh approach to the foundations of the quantum theory of matter. Einstein's new work showed the influence of these ideas . He had found still another derivation of Planck's black-body radiation law, an ""astonishingly simple and general"" one which, he thought, mightproperly be called ""the derivation"" 12 of this important law. It was based on statistical assumptions about the processes of absorption and emission of radiation and on Bohr's basic quantum hypothesis that atomic systems have a discrete set of possible stationary states. The proof turned on the requirement that absorption and emission of radiation, both spontaneous and stimulated, suffice to keep a gas of atoms in thermodynamic equilibrium. (This paper introduced the concept of stimulated emission into the quantum theory and is therefore often described as the basis of laser physics.) Einstein himself considered the most important contribution of this work to be not the new derivation of the distribution law but rather the arguments he presented for the directional character of energy quanta. (DSB) Weil No 91 (with an asterix denoting major paper).‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46895

‎"EINSTEIN, A.‎

‎Zum gegenwärtigen Stande des Gravitationsproblems.‎

‎Leipzig, S. Hirzel, 1913. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Physikalische Zeitschrift"", Vol. 14, 1913. Entire issue offered. Binding with wear, front hinge loose. Front free end-paper and title page with library stamps. Internally fine and clean. Pp. 1249-1266. Discussion"" Pp. 1262-66. [Entire volume: XXXI, (1), 1312 pp. + LVI plates].‎

‎First printing the famous address that Einstein gave on the occasion on the 85th Congress ""Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte zu Wien"" in their meeting September 23, 1913, together with the ensuing discussion. In it he compared the development of the various theories of gravitation with the development of successive concepts of electricity.Weil No. 54.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46938

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - THE NOBEL-PRIZE PAPER.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtsabsorption" (Eingegangen 13. März 1906). (On the Theory of Light Production and Light Absorption).‎

‎(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906). No wrappers. Extracted from ""Annalen der Physik"" Vierte Folge. Bd. 20. Pp. 199-206. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of one of the papers for which Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. It was for the papers ""Ueber einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt"" of 1905 and ""Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung...( Theory of light emission and absorption), the offered item, that Einstein received the prize: ""for his services to theoretical physics and especially for his discoveryof the law of the photoelectrical effect"" - his reward was not based on relativity.""The quantum theory has affected virtually every branch of physics. Its earliest and one of its most significant developments was Einstein's application of the theory to what is known as the 'photo-electrical effect'....Einstein explained this effext by suggesting that the classical view that light is emitted in the form of continous waves must be abandoned. The photo-electrical effect could be explained only as an example of quantum action where the waves of light or X-rays are emitted in minute particles or bullets. It is he size of the bullet (the wave-lenght of the radiation) which determines the number of electrons ejected. It was for this, and not for the theory of relativity, that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. Einstein's two fundamental papers on this subject are ""Ueber einem Erzeugung...."" 1905 and Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung (the paper offered here)"" (PMM the note to 391).Weil: 12 (with an asterix, denoting a major paper) - Boni:12.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46956

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - THE PHOTOELECTRIC EQUATION.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtsabsorption (withbound:) Das princip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunktsbewegung und die Trägheit der Energie" (2 papers).‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906. Bound together in one contemp. halfcalf. Spine gilt. Minor scratches to spine. A stamp to titlepage and htitle. ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 20. Herausgegeben von Paul Drude."" , Portrait (Paul Drude), VIII,1048 pp. and 6 plates. Einstein papers: pp. 199-206 and 627-33. The entire volume offered.‎

‎Both papers first edition. It was for the papers ""Ueber einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt"" of 1905 and ""Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung...( Theory of light emission and absorption), the offered item), that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921.""The quantum theory has affected virtually every branch of physics. Its earliest and one of its most significant developments was Einstein's application of the theory to what is known as the 'photo-electrical effect'....Einstein explained this effext by suggesting that the classical view that light is emitted in the form of continous waves must be abandoned. The photo-electrical effect could be explained only as an example of quantum action where the waves of light or X-rays are emitted in minute particles or bullets. It is he size of the bullet (the wave-lenght of the radiation) which determines the number of electrons ejected. It was for this, and not for the theory of relativity, that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. Einstein's two fundamental papers on this subject are ""Ueber einem Erzeugung...."" 1905 and Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung (the paper offered here)"" (PMM the note to 391). In the second paper (Principle of the conservation of the centre of mass motion and the inertia of energy) he shows that the conservation of mass is a special application of his energy principle (E= Mc2) - Weil: 12 & 13.Among the many papers in this volume we have Max von Laue: Zur Thermodynamik der Inteferenzerscheinungen. pp. 365-378.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46962

‎"EINSTEIN, A.‎

‎Address at the University of Nottingham.‎

‎New York, The Science Press, 1930. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary black full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Science"", Vol. 71, 1930. Small stamp to lower part of front free end-paper. Otherwise a very fine and clean copy. Pp.608-10. [Entire volume: VIII, 670 pp + advertisements].‎

‎First printing. Einstein was invited to give a lecture at the University of Nottingham by a lecturer there, Henry Brose, who also acted as interpreter. Einstein came with his wife Elsa on 6th June 1930. He was due to start the lecture at 3.45pm but did not arrive until 6.30 as he took a detour to visit the birth place of Isaac Newton. The blackboard on which he wrote was quickly varnished over when the lecture was over and is still preserved in the university. While in Nottingham Einstein commented on George Green's contribution to mathematics, saying that he had been 20 years ahead of his time.Weil no 174a.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46969

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - INTRODUCING ""PROBABILITY"" IN QUANTUM PHYSICS.‎

‎Die Plancksche Theorie der Strahlung und die Theorie der spezifischen Wärme. (+) Berichtigung zu meiner Arbeit: ""Die Plancksche Theorie der Strahlung etc.""""‎

‎Berlin, J.A. Barth, 1907. 8vo. 2 issues, to both the original printed yellow wrappers. No backstrip. Wrappers loose. In: ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 22"", No. 1. and No. 4. Pp. 1-208, 1 fold. plate a. 1 portrait (P. Curie) a. pp. 609-800, 1 plate. (Entire issues offered). Einsteins paper: pp. 180-190 and p. 800. Astamp to verso of plates and a few leaves. THE PRINTED WRAPPERS LOOSE.‎

‎First printing of a major paper in Quantum Theory, introducing the first systematic introduction of probability factors in Quantum Theory.""From 1905 through 1909 Einstein published five major papers on the hypothesis of energy quanta, its theoretical implications, and its use in the explanation of various phenomena. Among these papers we have his importent paper ""Die Plancksche..."" and in his second paper from 1906d he asserted that Planck's derivation implicitly assumes quantification of the enrgies of charged oscillators. Now (in the paper offered) he returned to this question, showing that, if the structure function in phase space he had introduced earlier is assumed to restrict the oscillators to orbits with energies that are integral mulætiples of 'hv', then the average oscillator energy in a canonical ensemble yealds Planck's law, when substituted in eg. The works contains the first systematic introduction of probability factors in the mathematics of Quantum Theory."" Weil: nos 15 (1-2 with an asterix, denoting a major paper). - Boni: 15.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 47020

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - EINSTEINS FOURTH PAPER.‎

‎Eine Theorie der Grundlagen der Thermodynamik"‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1903. Contemp. hcloth. Handwritten paperlabel on spine. In: ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 11. Herausgegeben von Paul Drude."". VIII,1144pp. and 6 plates. (Entire volume offered). The Einstein paper: pp. 170-187. Faint signs of dampstains in outer margins on a few leaves.‎

‎First edition of Einsteins fourth paper. In his paper from 1902, Einstein ""says in his introduction that nobody has yet succeeded in deriving the conditions of thermal equilibrium and of the second law of thermodynamics from probability considerations, although Maxwell and Boltzmann came near to it. Willard Gibbs is not mentioned. In fact, Einstein's paper was written in ignorance of Gibbs paper published 1901. In the present paper, Einstein builds the theory on another basis not used by Gibbs, namely on the consideration of a single system in course of time (later called ""Zeit-Gesamtheit"", time assembly), and proves that this is equivalent to a certain virtual assembly of many systems, Gibb's micro-canonical assembly...Einstein at once proceeded to apply his theorems to a case of utmost importance, namely to systems of a size suited for demonstrating the reality of molecules and the correctness of the kinetic theory of matter.""(Walter Alicke). First edition of Einsteins fourth paper. In his paper from 1902, Einstein ""says in his introduction that nobody has yet succeeded in deriving the conditions of thermal equilibrium and of the second law of thermodynamics from probability considerations, although Maxwell and Boltzmann came near to it. Willard Gibbs is not mentioned. In fact, Einstein's paper was written in ignorance of Gibbs paper published 1901. In the present paper, Einstein builds the theory on another basis not used by Gibbs, namely on the consideration of a single system in course of time (later called ""Zeit-Gesamtheit"", time assembly), and proves that this is equivalent to a certain virtual assembly of many systems, Gibb's micro-canonical assembly...Einstein at once proceeded to apply his theorems to a case of utmost importance, namely to systems of a size suited for demonstrating the reality of molecules and the correctness of the kinetic theory of matter.""(Walter Alicke). - Weil No. 4 - Boni No 4.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 47072

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Zum hundertjährigen Gedenktag von Lord Kelvins Geburt.‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1924. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Die Naturwissenschaften"", 12. Jahrg, 1924. The whole year offered. ""12"" written in hand to spine, otherwise a very fine and clean copy. Pp. 601-602. [Entire volume: XXV, (1), 1412, 60 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Einstein's paper on Lord Kelvin and his scientific work. The occasion was the Centenary Year of Thomson's birth and Einstein wrote 'Zum hundertjährigen Gedenktag von Lord Kelvins Geburt (26. Juni 1824)'. In the mid-nineteenth century Thomson's ideas on thermodynamics established the base line for future generations of scientists. Likewise in 1905, Einstein changed the world of physics forever with the publication of his radical new ideas on special relativity.""We may learn from Einstein the philosopher, of his interest in the founding scientists of the nineteenth century such as Kelvin and Maxwell, of science being not only about instrumentation, mathematics and formulae but also about sharing in the aspirations and achievements of other scientists, past or present."" (Trainer, Einstein's Centenary Tribute) The volume contain several other papers by influential contemporary phycisians. Weil 140.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 47162

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Über die Entwickelung unserer Anschauungen iiber das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung.‎

‎Braunschweig, Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, 1909. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Verhandlungen der Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft"", 11 Jahrgang, 1909. (Reprinted same year in ""Physikalische Zeitschrift 10""). Bound with ""Berichte der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft"", 7 Jahrgang, 1909. Capitals and hindges with wear. Internally very fine and clean. Pp. 482-500. [Entire volume: (2), 749, (3), VII, 450 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Einstein's famous lecture in which he anticipated the discovery of black-body radiation and famously stated that: ""the next phase in the development of theoretical physics will bring us a theory of light, which may be regarded as a sort of fusion of the undulatory and emission theories of light"" (The present paper, Pp. 482-3). He furthermore stated that the electromagnetic fields that constitute light will no longer appear to be states of a hypothetical medium, but rather independent entities emitted by the sources of light, exactly as in the Newtonian emission theory of light. The paper was delivered as a lecture before the 81st assembly of the 'Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher' in Salzburg on 21st September 1909.The occasion was important for Einstein since he for years had been working in scientific exile. Among those who attended Einstein's lecture were some of the world's foremost physicists such as" Max von Laue, Max Born, Arnold Sommerfeld. All published papers of their own in the present volume. Weil No. 30.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 47376

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. (The foundation of the General Theory of Relativity). - [TRANSFORMING THE SCIENTIFIC OUTLOOK OF THE 20TH CENTURY]‎

‎Leipzig, Ambrosius Barth, 1916. 8vo. Uncut in the original printed wrappers. Top part of spine loosening, but fully intact and completely unrestored. A bit of dusting to wrappers. Front wrapper with some mild brownspotting to upper part and left margin. Lower right corner has been bent, leaving a crease. A few nicks to extremities. Title-page with light brownspotting to upper margin and an old owner's name across the middle (""Ernst Helmut Klein""). 64 pp.‎

‎First issue of the first edition in book form, being, not an offprint of the""Annalen der Physik"" journal issue as often stated, but a separate edition of the paper, completely re-set and with significant changes and additions, including for the first time in print the ""Einleitung"" and the ""Inhalt"".The first issue is distinguished from the later reprints by the printing of ""Sonderdruck aus dem ""Annalen der Physik"" Band 49, 1916"", and ""Druck von Metzger & Wittig in Leipzig. 314"" to the verso of the title-page and ""Metzger & Wittig, Leipzig"" to the foot of the back wrapper. Furthermore, ""This separate edition is printed on good, strong paper, the wrappers are of strong material too, and it is described now as 'the original edition' of this classic paper"" (Weil). Einstein's seminal ""General Theory of Relativity"" has had an immense impact on all science, philosophy, and man's view of the world in general. Few other books of the 20th century can be said to have so basically altered the way that we view the world and our place in it. Determining space and time as being interwoven into a single continuum known as ""space-time"" and determining that there is no absolute space-time coordinate system - i.e. that there are no absolute positions in time and pace - established the fact that events that occur at the same time for one observer could occur at different times for another, i.e. all positions in space and time are relative. This general theory of relativity, here presented in its full exposition for the first time, in book form, is now a basic foundation for scientific thought.""The theory of relativity has transformed astrophysics, and indeed the whole scientific outlook."" (PMM).""Whereas Special Relativity had brought under one set of laws the electromagnetic world of Maxwell and Newtonian mechanics as far as they applied to bodies in uniform relative motion, The General Theory did the same thing for bodies with the accelerated relative motion epitomized in the acceleration of gravity. But first it had been necessary for Einstein to develop the true nature of gravity from his principle of equivalence...Basically, he proposed that gravity was a function of matter itself and that its effects were transmitted between contiguous portions of space-time... Where matter exists, so does energy"" the greater the mass of matter involved, the greater the effect of the energy which can be transmitted. In addition, gravity affected light... exactly as it affected material particles. Thus the universe which Newton had seen, and for which he had constructed his apparently impeccable mechanical laws, was not the real universe... Einstein's paper gave not only a correct picture of the universe but also a fresh set of mechanical laws by which its details could be described"" (R.W. Clark). ""This paper was the first comprehensive overview of the final version of Einstein's general theory of relativity after several expositions of preliminary versions and latest revisions of the theory in November 1915. It includes a self-contained exposition of the elements of the tensor calculus that are needed for the theory. (T. Sauer in Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics). PMM: 408. - Horblit 26 c. - Weil 80. - Boni: 78,1 - Schilpp-Schields: 86.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 48068

‎"PLANCK, MAX. - ""PLANCK'S FIRST GREAT SCIENTIFIC ACCOMPLISHMENT"" (EINSTEIN)‎

‎Ueber das Princip der Vermehrung der Entropie. Erste-Vierte Abhandlung (alles).‎

‎Leipzig, Barth, 1887-91. 8vo. No wrappers. 4 papers. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann"", Neue Folge, Bd. XXX, No. 4, XXXI, No 6, XXXII, No. 11, XLIV, No. 11. - Pp. 545-704 a. 1 plate, pp. 145-336 a. 1 plate, pp. 337-528 a. 1 plate, pp. 385-576 a. 1 plate. With titlepge to vol. XXX, htitlepage to vol. XXXI, titlepage to vol. XXXII and titlepage to vol. XLIV. Titlepages with a stamp and on verso. Planck's papers: pp. 562-582, pp. 189-203, pp. 462-503 and pp. 385-428. Clean copies.‎

‎First appearance of all 4 papers constituting Planck's seminal papers on entropy carrying the general title ""On the principles of Increase of Entropy"" in which he applied the second law of thermodynamics to chemical problems.""His goal was, as he said in the first paper of the series, to carry further the ""grand generalization"" of Helmholtz, Josiah Willard Gibbs, and others: like the first principle of the mechanical heat theory, the second, the ""Carnot-Clausius"", principle applies not only to heat phenomena but to all kinds of physical and chemical phenomena"" and because the second principle applies not only to reversible processes but also to irreversible, or ""natural"", processes, it applies to all processes whatsoever...""(Jungnickel and McCormach ""Intellectual Mastery of Nature, vol. 2, pp. 52 ff.)What Einstein admired and called Planck's ""first great scientific discovery"" was the generality of its formulas which contain all that can be derived from pure thermodynamic principles. Einstein referred to the third paper in this series with the title ""Gesetze des Eintritts beliebiger thermodynamischer und chemischer Reactionen""Akademie Nos. 8,9,10 and 20.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 48810