‎Théorie‎

‎UNIFORMI MILITARI VARIE: 3 CARTOLINE ANNI '70.‎

‎(Codice MT/2321) Tre cartoline a colori, 1 viaggiata. ~~~ SPEDIZIONE IN ITALIA SEMPRE TRACCIATA‎

‎VERHANDLUNGEN des Siebenten Internationalen Geographen-Kongresses. Berlin 1899. 2 Bde.‎

‎Berlin, Kühl, 1901. XIV, 455; XV, 981 S. Mit 37 Abbildungen im Text und 30 Tafeln. OLwd.‎

‎1. Verlauf des Kongresses, Organisation, Mitglieder-Verzeichniss; 2. Vorträge, Berichte, Abhandlungen. - Im Abschnitt Anthropogeographie (Siedelung) C Beiträge von Meitzen, Hettner, von Halle u. a.‎

书商的参考编号 : 613610

‎VIOLETTA. Dramma lirico in tre atti di Francesco M.Piave posto in musica dal cav. M. Giuseppe Verdi ...‎

‎(Codice MU/1480) In 8° 16 pp. Pregiata edizione numerata. Con le foto delle 21 più famose interpreti della Traviata. Brossura editoriale, cordoncino con fiocco. Ottimo stato. ~~~ SPEDIZIONE IN ITALIA SEMPRE TRACCIATA‎

‎WHITE OAK DANCE PROJECT. Teatro Regio, Stagione d'Opera 2002-2003‎

‎(Codice MU/1103) In 8° (24 cm) 83 pp. Illustrato con 16 tavole a colori fuori testo e varie fotografie. Brossura editoriale, ottimo. ~~~ SPEDIZIONE IN ITALIA SEMPRE TRACCIATA‎

‎WISSENSCHAFTSRAT. Empfehlungen zur Struktur und zum Ausbau des Bildungswesens im Hochschulbereich nach 1970. 3 Bde.‎

‎Bonn, 1970. Insgesamt 822 S. OKart.‎

‎1. Empfehlungen; 2. Anlagen; 3. Statistische Unterlagen.‎

书商的参考编号 : 138775

‎XY dimensioni del disegno. Architettura ficta‎

‎ill.‎

‎Zik Group‎

‎33x24.5 cm. 31 pages. Softcover. Cover slightly rubbed. Else in good condition.‎

‎ZUR ARBEITERFRAGE. Vier zeitgemäße Aufsätze, separat abgedruckt aus der Linzer theologisch-praktischen Quartalschrift.‎

‎Linz, Ewert, 1869. 140 S. Broschiert unter Verwendung des Originalumschlages (Stempel auf Titelrückseite).‎

‎Sieht den niedrigen Lohn, lange Arbeitszeit, Kinderarbeit, Arbeitsteilung, Auflösung des Familienlebens, schlechte Nahrung, ungesunde Wohnung, die Herzlosigkeit der Unternehmer als die Gründe für die hoffnungslose Lage der Arbeiter. Setzt sich aber auch kritisch mit der Argumentation der Sozialdemokratie auseinander. Außerdem die Abschnitte Allgemeine Lage der Arbeiterklasse, Moderner Liberalismus und soziale Frage, Fabrikgesetzgebung.‎

书商的参考编号 : 3479053

‎ÉTAT DU CORPS DU GÉNIE, suivi des Lois et ordonnances concernant le Personnel du Corps.‎

‎(Codice MT/0275) In 16° (19,5 cm) 122-55 pp. Dans la première partie la liste des Officiers d'Etat Majeur et des Troupes du Génie Français avec les données relatives à la carrière militaire. Dans la deuxième les règles de l'organisation du Génie. Démie basane d'époque à petits coins, tranches rouges. Très bon état. ~~~ SPEDIZIONE IN ITALIA SEMPRE TRACCIATA‎

‎"CARTAN, ÉLIE. - THE EINSTEIN-CARTAN THEORY (ECT) OF GRAVITATION.‎

‎Sur une définition géométrique du tenseur d'énergie d'Einstein. (+) Sur une généralisation de la notion de courbure de Riemann et les espaces à torsion. (+) Sur les espaces généralisés et la théorie de la Relativité. (+) Sur les espaces conformes...‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1922. 4to. Bound in 2 uniform full cloth, but of slightly different sizes. Paperlabels pasted to lower part of spines. A faint stamp to titlepage and some of the issues. In ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 174. 1815,(1) pp. (Entire volume offered). Cartan's papers: pp.437-439, 593-595, 734-737, 857-60, 1104-1107.‎

‎First edition of these papers, in which Cartan intruced the concept of ""Torsion"", the main inspiration for Einstein in his searce for a unified field theory. The ECT of gravity is a modification of the General relativity Theory""The Einstein-Cartan theory, also known as the Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble theory, is a classical theory of gravitation similar to general relativity but relaxing the assumption that the affine connection has vanishing antisymmetric part (torsion tensor), so that the torsion can be coupled to the intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of matter, much in the same way in which the curvature is coupled to the energy and momentum of matter. In fact, the spin of matter in curved spacetime requires that torsion is not constrained to be zero but is a variable in the principle of stationary action. Regarding the metric and torsion tensors as independent variables gives the correct generalization of the conservation law for the total (orbital plus intrinsic) angular momentum to the presence of the gravitational field. The theory was first proposed by Élie Cartan in 1922 and expounded in the following few years. Dennis Sciama and Tom Kibble independently revisited the theory in the 1960s, and an important review was published in 1976. Albert Einstein became affiliated with the theory in 1928 during his unsuccessful attempt to match torsion to the electromagnetic field tensor as part of a unified field theory. This line of thought led him to the related but different theory of teleparallelism."" (Wikipedia).‎

书商的参考编号 : 48912

‎"CAVENDISH, HENRY. - WEIGHING THE WORLD - THE MOST IMPORTENT ADDITION TO GRAVITATION THEORY SINCE NEWTON.‎

‎Versuche über die Dichtigkeit der Erde zu Bestimmen. Erläutert vom Herausgegeber (Gilbert). (Experiments to determine the Density of the Earth.).‎

‎(Halle, Rengerschen Buchhandlung, 1799). Without wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 2, Erstes Stück. (The entire issue offered). 1-118 a. 2 folded engraved plates. Cavendish's paper: pp. 1-62. (the torsion balance of Michell shown on the plates).‎

‎First German edition of Cavendish's famous paper in which he calculated the weight of the earth and determined its mass. He also, as the first, observed gravitational motion of minute portions of matter. He estimates the earth's mass to 6,6 x 10 to the potential of 24 kg. The original paper ""Experiments to determine the Density of the Earth"" appeared in Philosophical Transaction, 1798.""Cavendish published five papers between 1784 and 1809...With one exception they were comparatively minor productions....The exception was his determination of the density of the earth or weighing of the world in 1798, by means of John Michell's torsion balance. The apparatus consisted of two lead balls on either end of a suspended beam" these movable balls were attracted by a pair of stationary lead balls. Cavendish calculated the the force of attraction between the balls fro the observed period of oscillation of the balance and deduced the density of the earth from the force. He found it to be 5.48 times that of water. Cavendish was the first to observe gravitational motions induced by comparatively minute portions of ordinary matter...By weighing the world he rendered the law of gravitation complete. The law was no longer a proportionally statement but a quantitatively exact one" this was the most importent addition to the science of gravitation since Newton.""(DSB III, p. 158.).The issue contains further papers by Ritter, Chladni et al.‎

书商的参考编号 : 48206

‎"CLAIRAUT, (ALEXIS CLAUDE de). - THE FIRST DIRECT CONFIRMATION OF THE COPERNICAN THEORY.‎

‎De L'Abberation apparente des Etoiles, causée par le mouvement progressif de la Lumière.‎

‎(Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1740). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences. Année 1737"". Pp. 205-227 a. 2 folded engraved plates.‎

‎First appearance of this extremely importent paper in which Clairaut directly confirms the rotation and the orbital movement of the Earth around the Sun, and giving an indirect proof of the axiom, that the velocity of light does not depend on whether the light source moves away or toward the observer. The Earth does move after all !!In 1728 James Bradley, trying to measure the stellar parallax, discovered stellar aberration - the angular displacement of the apparent direction of starlight due to the earth's motion - and attributed it to the combined effect of the finite velocity of light and the earth's orbital velocity. But Bradley had not given any theoretical proof, but Clairaut did in the offered paper.Aberration is ""the apparent change in direction of a source of light caused by an observers component of motion perpendicular to the impinging rays. During this time the telescope has moved a short distance, causing the photons to reach a spot on the focal plane, displayed from the former image position... This discovery provided the first direct physical confirmation of the Copernican theory. A second importent application of aberration has been its clear-cut demonstration that, as is axiomatic to special relativity, light reaching the earth has a velocity unaffected by the relative motion of the source toward or away from earth.""(McGraw-Hill ""Concise Encyclopedia..."").‎

书商的参考编号 : 46843

‎"DALTON, JOHN. - THE REBIRTH OF THE ATOMIC THEORY.‎

‎Ueber die Ausdehnung der expansibeln Flüssigkeiten durch Wärme. (+) Eine neue Theorie über die Beschaffenheit gemischter luftförmiger Flüssigkeiten, besonders der atmosphärischen Luft. (2 Papers).‎

‎Halle, Rengerschen Buchhandlung, 1803. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 12. Pp. 310-318 a. pp. 385-395.‎

‎First German edition of both papers, constituting the first 2 papers in his ""Experimental Essays on the constitution of mixed gases...."" (1802) in which he formulated his famous gas laws and raised the foundation of the atomic theory in chemistry.The publication of these papers gave him at once international reputation they tried to explain why the gases of the atmosphere remain mixed instead of segregating with the heaviest element at the bottom, it states that the maximum density of a vapour in contact with its liquid remains the same whether other gases be present or not and the vies that the particles of everykind of elastic fluid are elastic only with regard to their own kind, and that the total pressure of the atmosphere equals the sum of the pressures exerted by the individual gases, each of which excerts its pressure independently of the others. This was the first step toward his atomic theory of in chemistry.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44129

‎"DIRAC, P.A.M. (PAUL ADRIEN MAURICE). - THE RADIATION THEORY, THE BIRTH OF QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS‎

‎The Quantum Theory of Emission and Absorption of Radiation. (+) The Quantum Theory of Dispersion. (2 Papers).‎

‎London, Harrison And Sons, Ltd., 1927. Royal8vo. Contemp. full cloth. A small stamp on verso of titlepage. In: ""Proceedings of the Royal Society of London"", Series A, Vol. 114. VI,IX,748 pp. (entire volume offered). Dirac's papers: pp. 243-265 a. pp. 710-728. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of these milestone papers in Quantum Physics, constituting the first step in Quantum Field Theory and the invention of the Second Quantifization Method. By these papers Dirac ""gave the foundation for that theory, quantum electrodynamics""(Pais).""A New Radiation Theory. Dirac liked his transformation theory because it was the outcome of a planned line of research and not a fortuitous discovery. He forced his future investigations to fit it. The first results of this strategy were almost miraculous. First came his new radiation theory, in February 1927, which quantized for the first time James Clerk Maxwell’s radiation in interaction with atoms. Previous quantum-mechanical studies of radiation problems, except for Jordan’s unpopular attempt, retained purely classical fields. In late 1925 Jordan had applied Heisenberg’s rules of quantization to continuous free fields and obtained a light-quantum structure with the expected statistics (Bose Einstein) and dual fluctuation properties. Dirac further demonstrated that spontaneous emission and its characteristics—previously taken into account only by special postulates—followed from the interaction between atoms and the quantum field. Essential to this success was the fact that Dirac’s transformation theory eliminated from the interpretation of the quantum formalism every reference to classical emitted radiation, contrary to Heisenberg’s original point of view and also to Schrödinger’s concept of ? as a classical source of field.This work was done during Dirac’s visit to Copenhagen in the winter of 1927. Presumably to please Bohr, who insisted on wave-particle duality and equality, Dirac opposed the ""corpuscular point of view"" to the quantized electromagnetic ""wave point of view."" He started with a set of massless Bose particles described by symmetric ? waves in configuration space. As he discovered by’ playing with the equations, ’ this description was equivalent to a quantized Schrödinger equation in the space of one particle"" this’ second quantization’ was already known to Jordan, who during 1927 extended it into the basic modern quantum field representation of matter. Dirac limited his use of second quantization electromagnetic to radiation: to establish that the corpuscular point of view, once brought into this form, was equivalent to the wave point of view.""(DSB).‎

书商的参考编号 : 47023

‎"EULER, LEONHARD - DIOPTICAL THEORY.‎

‎Construction des Objectifs composés de deux différentes Sortes de verre qui ne produisent aucune Confusion, ni par leur Ouverture, ni par la Différente Réfrangibilité des Rayons, avec la Maniere la plus Avantageuse d'en faire des Lunettes. (+) Const...‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1768) 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome XXII, Année 1766. Pp. 119-170 , pp. 171-201 and 2 folded engraved plates., pp. 202-212 and 1 folded engraved plate.‎

‎First printing of three importent Euler-papers on the construction of composite lenses in order to avoid confusion. Euler presents the mathematical theory to explain the effects. The third paper describe how to analyze refraction phenomena in glasses by way of prisms. - Eneström E 359, E 360, E 361.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44804

‎"EULER, LEONHARD. - DIOPTICAL THEORY.‎

‎Sur la Confusion que cause dans les Instrumens dioptriques la diverse Réfrangibilité des Rayons. (+) Considerations sur les nouvelles Lunettes D'Angleterre de mr. Dollond, et sur le Principe qui en est le Fondement. (2 Mémoirs).‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1769) 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome XVIII, Année 1762. Pp. 195-225 and 1 folded engraved plate. + Pp. 226-248.‎

‎First printing of two importent Euler-papers on the mathematical theory of dioptrics, and how to avoid the confusions of lenses. - Eneström E 379 a. 380.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44803

‎"EULER, LEONHARD. - MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF TELESCOPIC LENSES.‎

‎Méthode pour porter les verres objectifs des Lunettes a un plus haut degré de Perfection. (Methods to apply for improving the degree of perfection in the manufacture of telescopic lenses)‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1769). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres"", Année 1767, tome XXIII, pp. 131-164 a. 1 engraved plate.‎

‎First printing, dealing with compound lenses for making telescopes and the mathematical theory.Enestroem: E 383.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49807

‎"EULER, LEONHARD. - THE OPTICAL THEORY OF COMPOUND LENSES FOR TELESCOPES AND MICROSCOPES.‎

‎Régles générales pour la Construction des telescopes et de Microscopes, de quelque nombre de Verres qu'ils soient composés. (Rules for the construction of telescopes and microscopes).‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1759). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres"", Année 1757, tome XIII, pp. a. 1 engraved plate.‎

‎First printing of an importent paper in which Euler shows how to manufacture catoptrical telescopes and microscopes in accordance with general rules and founded on his own experiments. - The calculation concerning light ray aberrations, brought about due to the sphericty of the glass, is a masterpiece of analysis of the highest order and he also incorporates the mathematical theory of achromatic combination of lenses, which was first realized by Dollond in the same year, 1757.‎

书商的参考编号 : 45126

‎"HEISENBERG, W. (WERNER) und W. (WOLFGANG) PAULI. - ESTABLISHING QUANTUM FIELD THEORY.‎

‎Zur Quantendynamik der Wellenfelder. (I-) II. (2 papers).‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1929 u. 1930. Bound in 2 contemp. uniform hcloth over marbled boards. A stamp to top of titlepages. Gilt lettering to spine. In: ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Herausgegeben von Karl Scheel"", 56. und 59. Band. VII,867 pp. u. VII,874 pp. (2 entire volumes offered). Heisenberg & Pauli's paper: pp. 1-61 a. pp. 168-190. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of these two papers of seminal importence as Heisenberg and Pauli here laid the foundation , by using a new method, for the quantum field theory, and gave the ""relativistic formulation of quantum electrodynamics in the presence off charges and currents""(Pais). They were the first to attempt a general formulation of quantum electrodynamics by setting up a general scheme for the quantization of fields which they hoped would be applicable to the Maxwell field.In the papers they also introduced what is today called ""gauge fixing"", which from then on are among the precious tools of field theory.""Heisenberg and Pauli thus established the basic structure of QFT which can be found in any introduction to QFT up to the present day"" (Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy).‎

书商的参考编号 : 48182

‎"HELMHOLTZ, HERMANN von. - FOUNDING THE MODERN THEORY OF COLOUR.‎

‎Ueber Hrn. Brewster's neue Analyse des Sonnenlichts.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1852. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Dritte Reihe Bd. 26, Achtes Stück.(= Heft No. 8 of 1852). (The entire issue (No. 8) offered). Titlepage to vol. 26. Pp. 501-600. Helmholtz's paper: pp. 501-523. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this founding paper in the modern theory of colour, in which Helmholtz proved the surprising fact that there are only two among the colours of the spectrum, yellow and indigo-blue, which together yields pure white, that is, are complementary to each other, whereas their combination had always been supposed to produce green.""Helmholtz turned to the intricate problems of color vision in 1852 with an attack on Sir David Brewster's new theory of light. Brewster had maintained the objective reality of three primary colors by supposing, in opposition to Newton, that there exist three distinct kinds of light, each of which excites in the eye one of the sensations red, yellow, or blue. Helmholtz regarded the theory as still another confusion of physical stimulus and subjective responce....He also revived Young's theory of color visoin...only to refute it. He had discovered that spectral colors, when mixed, always yield a duller color of less-than-spectral saturation. Therefore the whole idea that all colors may be obtained from mixtures of three primary colors must be incorrect, he concluded, for the spectral colorss, at least, can never be obtained in their full saturation by mixing any three of their number....Although Helmholtz dismissed Young's theory in 1852, by 1858 he had changed his mind and become its formost advocate. In order to save Ypoung's theory....Helmholtz asumed that Young's physiological primaries are not spectral colors att all, but colors of far greater-than-spectral saturation...""(DSB VI, pp. 246-247). Garrison & Morton 1508.‎

书商的参考编号 : 43564

‎"HERAPATH, JOHN - THE KINETIC THEORY OF GASES.‎

‎On the Physical Properties of Gases. (To Dr. Thomsen) (+) A Mathematical Inquiry into the Causes, Laws, and principal Phaenomena of heat, Gases, Gravitation, &c. (3 Parts).‎

‎London, Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1816 a. 1821. Bound in 2 uniform contemp. moiré boards. Light wear along edges and a fes smaller scratches. In: ""Annals of Philosophy"" or, Magazine of Chemistry, Mineralogy, Mechanics, Natural History... By Thomas Thomson."", Vol. VIII and New series Vol. I. VIII,479 pp. a. 9 engraved plates, VIII,479 pp. a. 7 engraved plates. (Entire volumes offered). Herapath's papers: pp. 56-60 (1816) a. pp. 273-293, 340-351 a. 401-416.‎

‎First printing of these contoversial papers where Herapath revived the kinetic theory of gases. His theory was more or less neglected by the scientific community at his time. The kinetic theory remained dormant and forgotten after Euler's and Bernouilli's work ""until 1816, when Herapath proposed a theory which is essential Bernoulli's. Unfortunately he chose to define temperature as being proportional to the momentum rather than the kinetic energy of molecules. Herapath was the first to show, more or less, that kinetic theory can provide simple explanations for the changes of state, diffusion, and the propagation of sound.""(Trousdell ""Essayas in the History of Mechanics"", pp. 283 ff.).Euler, Bernoulli, Herapath and Waterston may be considered the principal scientists who prior to 1850 attempted a more or less complete mathematical treatment of gases, based on a set of molecular postulates. (Jamie Wisniak).""Having published a preliminary notice of his theory in the Annals of Philosophy in 1816, Herapath submitted a detailed account to the Royal Society in 1820. Davy, who was elected to the presidency of the Society in November of that year, was primarily responsible for the fate of the paper. Although Davy was already known as an advocate of the qualitative idea that heat is molecular motion, he found Herapath’s quantitative development too speculative and complicated"" he rejected the hypothesis of an absolute temperature implying an ""absolute zero"" of cold. Having been told that his paper would not be accepted for publication in the Philosophical Transactions, Herapath withdrew it and published it instead in the Annals of Philosophy in 1821. Five years later he launched an attack on Davy in the Times of London, accusing him of circulating unfounded criticisms of his experimental work, which prevented its publication. Although Davy ignored a series of letters and challenges published in the Times, Herapath later claimed Davy’s resignation from the presidency of the Royal Society (1827) as a victory for himself.""(DSB).‎

书商的参考编号 : 46878

‎"LAGRANGE, (LA GRANGE), JOSEPH LOUIS. - A FUNDAMENTAL MEMOIR IN THE THEORY OF NUMBERS‎

‎Sur La Solution des Problemes Indéterminés du Second Degré.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1769). 4to. No wrappers as issued in ""Memoires de L'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres"", tome XXIII, pp. 165-310. Clean and fine.‎

‎First edition of a fundamental paper in the Theory of Numbers in which Lagrange gives a solution in integers of indeterminate equations of the second degree - a remarkable turning point in Diophantine analysis. - Fermat had asserted that he could determine when the more general equation x2-Ay2=B was solvable in integers and that he could solve it when solvable, but Lagrange solved it in this paper and furthermore he gives the complete solution to the problem of giving all integral solutions of a general equation where the coefficients are integers. - Cajori calls Lagrange ""One of the greatest mathematicians of all times."" - Poggendorff I:1344.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49805

‎"LAPLACE, PIERRE-SIMONE. - LAPLACE'S THEORY OF CAPILLARITY.‎

‎Considerations Sur la Théorie des phénomènes capillaires. (Lu à l'Academie des Sciences le 13 septembre 1819). (+) Application du calcul des probabilités aux opérations géodésiques de la méridienne de France. (+) Mémoire Sur l'Application du calcul...‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1819. Contemp. hcalf, richly gilt spine. Light wear to top of spine and a few minor scratches. ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", Tome 12.. Entire volume offered. 448 pp. a. 1 folded engraved plate. Small stamps on verso of titlepage and plate. Laplace's papers: pp. 5-12, pp. 37-41 a. pp. 337-341.‎

‎The paper on Capillarity is the last version of this theory in which he refined it to take account of the effect of heat in reducing the attractive force between the particles of a liquid. ""The net attractive force was now taken as the difference between the innate attraction (the only force considered in the supplement to the ""Mecanique celeste"") and a repulsive force that was supposed to be caused by the presence of heat.""(DSB). - Using the theory of Boscovich, ""who assumed that between every two ultimate particles and along the lines connecting them forces act which are attractive for some distances and repulsive for others. Using this theory, with the added requirements that that the molecular forces diminish rapidly with increase of the distances between the molecules, Laplace was able to develop his theory of capillarity (referring to the offered paper).""(Timoshenko ""History of the Strenghts of Material"", p. 104).The 2 papers here offered on probability applied, were both incorporated into the third edition of ""Theoriques analytique des probabilities"" (1820).‎

书商的参考编号 : 43817

‎"LAUE, MAX von - AN EXPERIMENTAL PROOF OF THE GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY.‎

‎Die Mitführung des Lichtes durch bewegte Körpernach dem Relativitätsprincip. + Zur Cohnschen Elektrodynamik.‎

‎Leipzig, Barth, 1907. No wrappers. Extracted from ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Bd. 23. Pp. 989-990 a. pp. 991-996. The leaves is punched in inner margins after cords. Fine and clean.‎

‎First edition of Laue's importent paper in which he gives an experimental proof of the non-addition and non-subtraction phenomena in respect of the velocity of light. - Laue was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1914.""Einstein’s special theory of relativity dispensed with the addition or subtraction of the velocities, hitherto assumed to be self-evident, and applied instead a special ""addition theorem."" In 1907 Laue demonstrated that this theorem readily yields Fizeau’s formula with the previously enigmatic Fresnel drag coefficient: u = c/n ± v(1 - 1/n2). Laue thereby furnished Einstein’s theory with an important experimental proof, which, along with the Michelson-Morley experiment and arguments from group theory, contributed to early acceptance of the theory. Having thus proved himself an expert in relativity theory, in 1910 Laue wrote the first monograph on the subject. He expanded it in 1919 with a second volume on the general theory of relativity"" the work went through several editions.""(DSB).‎

书商的参考编号 : 44822

‎"MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK. - THE KINETIC THEORY OF GASES.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - On the Viscosity or Internal Friction of Air and other Gases. Received November 23, 1865 (+) Postscript.- Received December 7, 1865. - Read February 8, 1866.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1866). Large 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London."", Vol. 156 - Part I. Pp. 249-268 a. 1 lithographed plate. A few brownspots to the plate. Having the titlepage to vol. 156 - Part I. A few brownspots to lower margins.‎

‎First appearance of a major paper in the kinetic theory of gases, in which Maxwell proved that the viscosity was independent of pressure as predicted, and nearly a linear function of the absolute temperature T.One of Maxwell's major investigations was on the kinetic theory of gases. Originating with Daniel Bernoulli, this theory was advanced by the successive labours of John Herapath, John James Waterston, James Joule, and particularly Rudolf Clausius, to such an extent as to put its general accuracy beyond a doubt"" but it received enormous development from Maxwell, who in this field appeared as an experimenter (on the laws of gaseous friction) as well as a mathematician.""James Clerk Maxwell published a famous paper in 1866 (the paper offered) using the kinetic theory of gases to study gaseous viscosity. The internal friction (the viscosity) of the gas is determined by the probability a particle of layer A enters layer B with a corresponding transfer of momentum. Maxwell's calculations showed him that the viscosity coefficient is proportional to both the density, the mean free path and the mean velocity of the atoms. On the other hand, the mean free path is inversely proportional to the density. So an increase of pressure doesn't result in any change of the viscosity.‎

书商的参考编号 : 42764