‎Economics‎

‎"[LEOPOLDO, PIETRO].‎

‎Compilazione generale delle tariffe da osservarsi per i diversi magistrati di Siena approvata per Benigno Motuproprio di sua altezza reale. Del di 4. DIcembre 1775. - [CREATING ECONOMIC SOCIAL REFORM]‎

‎Firenze, Gaetano Cambiagi, 1775. Royal8vo. In patterned contemporary paper wrappers. Wrappers with some tears and minor loss. Internally very fine, clean, and fresh. 62, (2) pp.‎

‎"[THE ECONOMIST - THE PANAMA CANAL].‎

‎The Panama Canal. [The Economist, Weekly Commercial Times, Bankers' Gazette, and Railway Monitor: A Political Literary, and General Newspaper]. - [THE ECONOMIST - THE PANAMA CANAL]‎

‎London, The Economist Office, 1879. Small folio. Bound in comtemporary half cloth. Entire volume 37, July - December, 1879, of The Economist. Minor wear to extremities and a few repairs to a few leaves, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 761-1504.‎

‎Original printing of The Economist - the most important and influential economic journal worldwide - from the year 1879. The initial planning of the Panama Canal began in 1879. The enormous endeavor of digging the Canal was reflected in The Economist: ""The canal proposed by M. de Lesseps, and intended to pierce the Isthmus of Panama is in many respects a bolder enterprise even than the Suez Canal. The engineering difficulties are far greater, the climate is a much more serious obstacle to labour, and especially to that of Europeans, and, finally, the possibility of a rival plan being carried out is much greater.""‎

Bookseller reference : 46867

‎"[THE ECONOMIST - THE PANAMA CANAL].‎

‎The Panama Canal. [The Economist, Weekly Commercial Times, Bankers' Gazette, and Railway Monitor: A Political Literary, and General Newspaper]. - [THE ECONOMIST - THE PANAMA CANAL]‎

‎London, The Economist Office, 1879. Small folio. Bound in comtemporary half cloth. Entire volume 37, July - December, 1879, of The Economist. Minor wear to extremities and a few repairs to a few leaves, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 761-1504.‎

‎"ANONYM -‎

‎Discours imellem En fremmet Reisende, En Officeer og en Borger ved navn den Tænkende. Handlende 1. Om de høie Priser paa Brød og Fødevarer. 2. Om det Fattiges Væsen. 3. Om Stifter. 4. Om Procuratorers Antal for Underretterne. 5. Om Gade Løgter. 6. Om ...‎

‎Kiøbenhavn, uden trykker, 1771. Indlagt i sener papomslag med exlibris og stempel fra ""Bergens offentlige Bibliothek"". Stemplet ""Utgått"" på bagsiden af titelbladet. 22 pp.‎

‎Bibl. Danica II: 983.‎

Bookseller reference : 49572

‎"AVERCH, HARVEY (+) LELAND L. JOHNSON.‎

‎Behaviour of the Firm under Regulatory Constraint. - [THE AVERCH-JOHNSON EFFECT]‎

‎[No place], The American Economic Association, 1955. Lex8vo. In the original printed wrappers. In ""The American Economic Review"", Vol. VII, December, No. 5. Entire issue offered. Light wear to extremities, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 1052-69. [Entire issue: (5), 996-1258 pp. + advertisement].‎

‎First printing of Averch and Johnson's seminal paper in which they introduced in what was to become known as the ""Averch-Johnson effect"". The paper was one of the most cited and influential papers in microeconmocs during the 60ies. ""The Averch-Johnson effect is produced when fair rate of return regulation encourages a firm to invest more than is consistent with the minimization of its costs. This can happen when the allowed rate of return exceeds the cost of capital, since the difference between the two represents pure profit. Detailed descriptions of actual regulatory processes may be useful in suggesting guides for action, since actual outcomes depend as much on political and bureaucratic necessity as they do on economic analysis and 'rational' benefit-cost estimates."" (The New Palgrave).""Averch and Johnson's famous paper from the early 1960s asks the simple question: If we assume that regulation acts to instantaneously adjust prices so as to maintain a constant target return on a firm's capital stock, what incentives does the firm have to choose an efficient combination of inputs? Averch and Johnson show, using fairly straightforward maths, that if the regulator sets the regulatory rate of return above the firm's true cost of capital, the regulated firm has an incentive to choose too much capital relative to labour - that is, there will be an inefficient capital-labour ratio. This observation sparked off a large empirical and theoretical literature exploring what came to be known as the 'Averch-Johnson' or 'A-J' effect.The Averch-Johnson model assumed an extreme form of what is known as 'rate of return' or 'cost of service' regulation in which prices are continuously and rapidly adjusted so as to yield the desired return on capital stock. In reality, rate of return regulation as it was historically practiced in the US always involved an element of 'regulatory lag' - that is, a period of time before prices were adjusted to reflect changes in costs. This regulatory lag gives rise to some desirable incentives, as discussed furtherbelow. Even in 1962 it was recognised that allowing higher ex post rates of return was necessary to induce desirable incentives. Averch and Johnson note: ""We have been told by representatives in both the industry and in regulatory agencies that justification exists for allowing a return in excess of cost to give firms an incentive to develop and adopt cost-saving techniques. If the firm is left only indifferent as among a wide range of activities it has no positive incentive to minimize costs for any given activity.""Averch and Johnson's paper was, for a while at least, very widely cited, often incorrectly. The A-J effect later came to be synonymous with 'gold-plating' and with general inefficiency of the regulated firm. But these ideas cannot be strictly attributed to Averch and Johnson. Averch and Johnson only highlighted a potential tendency towards an inefficient mix of capital and labour - but they made no mention of the tendency to simply spend too much on all inputs - so-called 'x-inefficiency' as discussed further below."" (biggar, The Fifty Most Important Papers in the Economics of Regulation).‎

Bookseller reference : 50150

‎"BANG, F.L. - ""DEN DANSKE MØNTREVOLUTION""‎

‎Nyere Betænkninger grundede paa Hr. Etatsraad Zöegas Forsøg ec. fra Forfatteren af Betænkninger i Anledning af Rygtet om den nye Myntindretning i Holsteen.‎

‎Kiøbenhavn, Gyldendals Forlag, 1787. Uden omslag. 48 pp. Rødt snit. Velbevaret.‎

‎Originaltrykket. Det var F.L. Bang, som med sit anonyme skrift ""Betænkninger i Anledning af det vigtige Rygte om en ny Møntindretning i Holsten"" 1786, åbnede ""Pjecekrigen"" om den nye møntindretning i Holsten og oprettelsen af banken i Altona, og som her i disse nye betragtninger fornyer sin kritik efter Zoëgas grundlæggende kritik. - ""Pjecekrigen"" kan med en vis ret betegnes som grundlæggende for dansk økonomisk teori.Bibl. Danica II:863.‎

Bookseller reference : 47919

‎"BERGSØE, ADOLPH FREDERIK.‎

‎Den danske Stats Statistik fremstillet. 4 Bd.‎

‎København., Forfatterens Forlag, 1844-53. 4 samt. hldrbd. med rygforgyldning. Lettere brugsspor. Stempel på titelblade. XII,563,705,690,976 pp. Med 2 kort, det ene håndkoloreret (Forchammers kort fra ""Danmark geognostisk beskrevet""). Indvendig frisk, få brunpletter.‎

‎Originaludgaven af første samlede fremstilling af Danmark i statistisk henseende. 1. Bind.: ""Om den danske Stats naturlige Beskaffenhed og befolkning"" - 2. ""Om den danske Stats Landboforhold, Agerdyrkning, Industri og Handel."" - 3. Om den danske Stats immaterielle Cultur, Statsforfatning, beskatningsvæsen, og øvrige finantsielle Forhold"" - 4. Om forskjellige Statsforvaltningsforhold, Monarkiets udvortes Forhold, de fjernere Statsdele m.m.Bind 4 indeholder længere afsnit om Island (pp. 387-475, om Færøerne (pp. 475-504), om Grønland (pp. 505-556), om De dansk Vestindiske Øer (pp. 557-711).‎

Bookseller reference : 19608

‎"BERGSØE, ADOLPH FREDERIK. - WITH A CHAPTER ON THE DANISH WESTINDIES.‎

‎Den danske Stats Statistik fremstillet. 4 Bd.‎

‎København., Forfatterens Forlag, 1844-53. (vo. 4 samtidige hldrbd. med rygforgyldning. Forreste fals på bind 1 er revnet. XII,563,705,690,976 pp. Med 2 kort, det ene håndkoloreret (Forchammers kort fra ""Danmark geognostisk beskrevet""). Indvendig ren og frisk.‎

‎Originaludgaven af første samlede fremstilling af Danmark i statistisk henseende. 1. Bind.: ""Om den danske Stats naturlige Beskaffenhed og befolkning"" - 2. ""Om den danske Stats Landboforhold, Agerdyrkning, Industri og Handel."" - 3. Om den danske Stats immaterielle Cultur, Statsforfatning, beskatningsvæsen, og øvrige finantsielle Forhold"" - 4. Om forskjellige Statsforvaltningsforhold, Monarkiets udvortes Forhold, de fjernere Statsdele m.m.Bind 4 indeholder længere afsnit om Island (pp. 387-475, om Færøerne (pp. 475-504), om Grønland (pp. 505-556), om De dansk Vestindiske Øer (pp. 557-711).‎

Bookseller reference : 47476

‎"BERGSØE, ADOLPH FREDERIK.‎

‎Den danske Stats Statistik fremstillet. 4 Bd.‎

‎København., Forfatterens Forlag, 1844-53. 4 samt. hldrbd. med rygforgyldning. Lettere brugsspor. Stempel på titelblade. XII,563,705,690,976 pp. Med 2 kort, det ene håndkoloreret (Forchammers kort fra ""Danmark geognostisk beskrevet""). Indvendig frisk, få brunpletter.‎

‎"BERGSØE, ADOLPH FREDERIK. - WITH A CHAPTER ON THE DANISH WESTINDIES.‎

‎Den danske Stats Statistik fremstillet. 4 Bd.‎

‎København., Forfatterens Forlag, 1844-53. (vo. 4 samtidige hldrbd. med rygforgyldning. Forreste fals på bind 1 er revnet. XII,563,705,690,976 pp. Med 2 kort, det ene håndkoloreret (Forchammers kort fra ""Danmark geognostisk beskrevet""). Indvendig ren og frisk.‎

‎"BOWLEY, A. L.‎

‎Wages and Income in the United Kingdom since 1860. - [SIMON KUZNETS'S COPY]‎

‎Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1937. 8vo. In the original green full cloth with the original dust wrapper. Dust wrapper with wear, lacking 5 mm to top and bottom of spine and the upper right part of the back. Apart from the dust-jacket, a very fine and clean copy. XIX, (1), 151 pp.‎

‎Economist Simon Kuznets's copy of the first edition of Bowley's conclusive work on wages and income in United Kingdom. Bowley produced a stream of studies on British economic statistics, beginning in the 1890s with works on trade and on wages and income, and proceeding to studies of national income in the 1920s and -30s. The present, although rather short, work became highly influential, as it introduced much of Bowley's more technical work to a broader public.Simon Smith Kuznets (1901 - 1985) Russian American economist was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for ""his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development"".Kuznets revolutionized econometrics with the important book ""National Income and Its Composition, 1919-1938. Published in 1941 which eventually formed the famous Kuznets Curve. This work relied to a large extent on Bowley's work on national income.‎

Bookseller reference : 45720

‎"BUDELIUS, R. [RENÉ BUDEL].‎

‎De monetis et re numaria libri duo. Quorum primus artem cudendae monetae, secundus vero quaestionum monetariarum decisiones continet. - [STANDARD WORK ON COINAGE - THE FIRST OF ITS KIND]‎

‎Coloniae, Ioannem Gymnicum, 1591. 4to. Bound in a very nice contemporary full calf with five raised bands, rebacked with the contemporary spine. Richly gilt spine and gilt lines to edges of boards. Contemporary handwriting to top of pasted down front free end paper. Pp. 777-798 with wormholes in margin, not affecting text. A very fine and clean copy. (76), 798 pp.(As usual with the typopgraphical errors: pp. 139, 234, 267,353, 685, 768 are numbered as 339, 202, 263, 343, 645, 778. These errors are to be found in all published copies. See Einaudi 737).‎

‎Scarce first edition of one of the earliest - and most important - works on coinage, dealing with weight and measure, as well as the value and devaluation of money. Apart from the seminal original contribution of Budel, this extensive work contains 29 contributions by earlier philosophers and theologians on the subject, - ""a compilation of almost every earlier treatise on the subject"" - which, in a true Renaissance spirit, makes it the very first compilation in economic history."" ""De Monetis et re numaria"" remained the standard work on the subject for almost two centuries"". (Nussbaum, A Note on the Idea of World Money). During the Renaissance, international banking saw a rise, which eventually resulted in a demand for one uniform European coinage. Budelius' thesis can be read as an ideological response to this demand, as he argued for precisely that: a unified market with one universal coinage. In this sense, his work anticipates by several hundred years many of the economic thoughts presented by the Classical economists during the second half of 18th century. Budelius discusses the metallic view and the abuse of adulteration and falsification, and then attempts an exposition of how money may be coined in the most practical way. He then goes on to deal with the problem of how a debtor will meet his obligations if the coinage has been debased since the time the debt was contacted or the loan received. He maintaind that the same bullion value must be repaid although the coin may be depreciated - a view that was generally accepted at the time.The third part of the work consists of a ""compilation of almost every earlier treatise on the subject. In nearly all of them, the central problem is the same as the one discussed in the second book of Budelius' work"". (Mariana ,The political economy of Juan de Mariana).The general thesis of Budelius' work is that the trading partners should seek to use only one currency and that the law of coinage and money's ""natural state"" (an early reference to how money behave in the market) should be unified. In the period of the Cologne War, Germany had several different currencies and laws in relation to coinage and minting of coins. This not only restrained the domestic trade in Germany, it also lead to armed conflict which again resulted in a more fragmented economy. Budelius's work can be read as an attempt to unify Germany (and the rest of Europe) under one currency, which also would serve the purpose of stabilizing the highly volatile curriencies during this period: ""The widely cited Rene Budel (1591) held it ""to be indubitable that a Prince in the midst of costly wars, and therefore in great necessity, can order that money be made out of leather, bark, salt, or any material he wants, if he is careful to repair the loss inflicted thereby on the community with good and better money"". (Cambridge Companion to Economic Thought). In the sense of unifying Europe under one currency, Budelius seperates himself from not only Medieval monetary thinkers, but from his contemporary mercantilists as well: ""The medieval literature on money is characterized by nascent nationalism, with the imagery of the body applied to the kingdom, and of money as the blood moving through its parts. Nicole Oresme’s De Moneta pointed out that if money is accumulated in the king’s treasury and withdrawn from circulation, it constitutes an abscess in the body."" (Cambridge Companion to Economic Thought). His comments represent the synthesis of two traditions, one uncovering the theoretical possibility of fiat money, the other uncovering its practical usefulness, as means of raising revenues in emergencies, from examples taken from history. Budelius cites examples of copper petty coinage in Germany and the Low countries, and gives examples of siege money. From Maastricht in 1579 (copper), Vienna in 1529 (lead), tin in Neuss, and even paper siege money in Leyden in 1574. He then writes: ""I hold this to be indubitable, as I recall a little earlier, that a Prince in the midst of costly wars, and therefore in great necessity, can order that money be made out of leather, bark, salt, or any material he wants, if he is careful to repair the loss inflicted thereby on the community with good and better money."" The insights of Budel about token money were to be tested by some experiments in the coming years and were carried further by important theorists in the Renaissance and later. Budelius (1530-91), was a practitioner, a jurist by training, who worked as diplomat for the archbishop of Cologne, and later as mint-master in Westphalia for the duke of Bavaria. This is reflected in his practical and empirical approach to the economic challenges the Renaissance society was subjected to, unlike the more often seen theoretical and moral approach. Goldsmith 254Mattioli 451 Einaudi 737 Adams 3153"" Smith, Rara Arithmetica 396: ""A monumental work"".‎

Bookseller reference : 50430

‎"BÖHM-BAWERK, EUGEN von.‎

‎Einige strittige Frage der Capitalstheorie. Drei Abhandlungen. - [OFF-PRINT - PRESENTATION-COPY]‎

‎Wien & Leipzig, Wilheml Braumüller, 1900. 8vo. In contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Endpapers brownspotted. Offprint from: ""Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft, Socialpolitik und Verwaltung"", Achter Band. 'Vom Verfasser' inscribed on upper right corner of title-page. With previous owner's dedication to pasted down front end-paper: ""An H. Furuja (Oct. 1947) / Seiichi Tobata Leipzig August 1928"", and to verso of front free end-paper: ""Zugleich / S. S. 129-360 von Eugen von Böhm -Bawerk: Kleine / Abhandlungenåuber Kapital und Zins, hrsg von / Franz X. Weiss. 1926 Wien und Leipzig"". A fine copy. (4), 127, (1) pp.‎

‎Presentation copy of the rare offprint, being also the first separate edition, of this important contribution to the problems of capital theory, in which Böhm-Bawerk elaborates and defends his theories presented in 'Positive Theory of Capital' (1889). Bohm-Bawerk's thoughts on capital and interest also exerted great influence on many American economists, in particularly Irving Fisher.The present copy was given by the author to an unknown recipient, then passed on to the Japanese economist Seiichi Tobata (1899 - 1983), Professor of agriculture and economics at Tokyo University, recipient of the 1968 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service for his contributions to the modernization of Japanese agriculture.""The neoclassical part of his (Böhm-Bawerk's) argument, in particular his analysis of intertemporal consumer behaviour, was taken up by Irving Fisher (1907, 1930) and developed into a theory of interest which is based on the notion of time preference and the concept of investment opportunities' (in The New Palgrave, vol.1, p.257).Specifically in this work, Böhm-Bawerk posed a problem which had not been seen before in its full importance: the role of the rate of interest in the choice of an optimal method of production' (ibid, p.258).""As civil servant and economic theorist, Bohm-Bawerk was one of the most influential economists of his generation. A leading member of the Austrian School, he was one of the main propagators of neoclassical economic theory and did much to help it attain its dominance over classical economic theory. His name is primarily associated with the Austrian theory of capital and a particular theory of interest' (ibid, p.254)‎

Bookseller reference : 58355

‎"CASTAING, JOHN.‎

‎An interest-book at 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 per C. from 1000 l. to 1 l. for 1 day to 92 days, and for 3, 6, 9, 12 months. Exactly examined by John Castaing. - [INITIATING THE LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE]‎

‎London, printed for the Author, 1720. Small8vo. (115 x 80 mm) Bound in a contemporary full calf with three raised bands and gilt margins to front and back boards. Extremities with wear and hindges weak. Previous owner's names to end paper and verso of title-page. Authors name in contemporary hand (in Castaing's own hand?) to upper part title-page. Internally fine and clean. [Blank], 88 ff, [Blank]. (A-I*8, K-L*8).‎

‎Scarce fourth edition of edition this earliest example of what came to found the London Stock Exchange, Castaing's famous pocket book for calculating interest. The book, which was advertised to be: ""very exact, and convenient, not much bigger than a Spectacle-Case"" quickly became immensely popular and was published in a total of nine editions. Despite of the many editions, all editions of the book are of the utmost scarcity, most likely due to the fact that it was intended to be a practical tool for merchants and bankers who daily had to look up interest rates, which will have caused the majority of the copies to be worn out. We have been able to locate another copy with Castaing's name in a similar handwriting which could suggest it is either by the author himself or the publisher. We have, however, not been able to have this confirmed. ""This eighteenth-century version of Reuters, and its competitors were the sine qua non for the development of London into the major world financial center that it later became. For subsequent scholarly research,Castaing’s publication also has proven highly valuable. If one event can be said to mark the completion of England’s transformation, however, it is the development of London to the point where it eclipsedAmsterdam as an international financial center."" (Lothian, Financial Integration over the Past Three Centuries).During the 17th century, stockbrokers were not allowed in the Royal Exchange due to their lack of manners. They had to operate from other establishments in the vicinity, such as Jonathan's Coffee-House. At that coffee house, in 1698, Casting began listing the prices of a few commodities, exchange rates as well as certain key provisions such as salt, coal, and paper. Originally, this list was not daily and was only published a few days of the week. This constitutes the earliest initiative of what later became the London Stock Exchange. (Goldsmiths' 6376 (1725 edition))" (Kress 2778 (1712 edition)). ESTC records 6 copies of this edition.‎

Bookseller reference : 58354

‎"CHYDENIUS, AND. [ANDERS].‎

‎Wederläggning af de Skäl, hvarmed man söker bestrida Öster=och Wästerbotniska samt Wäster=Norrländske Städerne Fri Seglation. - [ANTICIPATION OF ECONOMIC LIBERALISM]‎

‎Stockholm, Peter Hesselberg, 1765. 4to. Disbound. Light browning throughout. Woodcut title- and end-vignette. (2), 61 pp.‎

‎First edition of Chydenius' exceedingly important and influential publication on the benefits of the free market and trade of the surrounding area of Stockhom. Here Chydenius puts forth economic ideas that anticipate Adam Smith's economic liberalism, as presented in his Wealth of Nations, by eleven years. Up until 1765, Stockholm had the monopoly on selling tar in the Gulf of Bothnia and the Northern part of the Baltic Sea. This meant that all producers of tar had to sell their goods to merchants in Stockholm, who thereafter sold the tar on the international market and thereby made the biggest profit. The publication of the present book secured a parliamentary debate which shortly after resulted in the breaking of the monopoly. This had profound economic consequences for the Gamlakarleby, Vasa, Björneborg, Uleåborg and Ostrobothnia in general, since development and prosperity was secured. ""Unquestionably the most important of the Swedish economists was Anders Chydenius, a clergyman in Finland. In 1765, a torrent of extremely radical brochures from his pen suddenly burst forth in Stockholm where he was attending the riksdag as a member of the estate of the clergy. As a stylist he had few if any equals in the history of Swedish social science. It is no exaggeration to say that he is the most captivating writer within that field ever to appear in Sweden, and that his works even today still vibrate with life and excitement.""( Heckscher, An economic history of Sweden, p. 204.)Later in 1765 Chydenius also published what is often regarded as his most important book: Den Nationnale Winsten (i.e. The National Gain), in which Chydenius attacks the export subsidy as an example of the harmful effects of government intervention on the domestic economy. This work is usually compared to Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations since it is a description of the market in general and not focused on a specific areas or goods. The offered work, however, anticipates these exact thoughts but presents them in a different context. Chydenius never knew about Adam Smith, Locke, Hume and Davenant, which only emphasizes his visionary thoughts. Not in Kress, Cossa, Einaudi, Goldsmiths, Hollander or Menger.OCLC lists only one copy, in the National Library of Sweden.‎

Bookseller reference : 45054

‎"CLARK, JOHN BATES.‎

‎The Distribution of Wealth. A Theory of Wages, Interest and Profits. - [FOUNDING WORK OF NEOCLASSICAL MICRO-ECONOMICS - ""A LANDMARK TREATISE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICS""]‎

‎London, The Macmillan Company, 1899. 8vo. In the original full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Traces after removel of label on lower part of spine. Library labels pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper. Embossed library stamp to titbel page (not affecting text). Otherwise a fine copy. XXVIII, (2), 445, (3) pp.‎

‎The scarce first edition of Clark's seminal work - a cornerstone of neoclassical micro-economics -, which is considered ""by any reasonable test, a landmark treatise in the development of economics"". (New Palgrave). Clark ""is regarded in some quarters as the one great American economist of the calibre of Smith and Mill"". (Cohen, American Thought: A Critical Sketch, p. 117).Clark here presented his famous theorem: Given competition and homogeneous factors of production labor and capital, the repartition of the social product will be according to the productivity of the last physical input of units of labor and capital. This theorem is one of the pillars of neoclassical micro-economics and was popularly formulated by Clark himself: ""[W]hat a social class gets is, under natural law, what it contributes to the general output of industry.""""Very early in his career Clark began to work on the problem of factor shares (possibly because of his interest in Henry Georg) and concluded that the treatment of land rent as a surplus whose size is not determined by marginal productivity was gross error. The most complete statement of his views on distribution is in [The present work]. [...] Despite its flaws (which include the universal measure of value) 'the Distribution' is a remarkable book and, by any reasonable test, a landmark treatise in the development of economics.The 'Distribution represents an advance on the prior art in two important respects. It offers a discussion of the relation of statics to dynamics - the terms was introduced into economics by Clark - superior to that of previous treatments. And it offers, for the first time, a complete and lucid exposition of the neo-classical theory of distribution."" (The New Palgrave)""One of the classics on the subject. ""Aims ""to show that the distribution of the income of society is controlled by a natural law, and that this law if it worked without friction, would give to every agent of production the amount of wealth which the agent creates."" (A Select Bibliography of Modern Economic Theory, 1870-1929, P. 69). John Bates Clark (1847 - 1938), American neoclassical economist, was one of the pioneers of the marginalist revolution and opponent to the Institutionalist school of economics, and spent most of his career teaching at Columbia University.Mattioli 687Einaudi 1114Katalog der Karl Menger-Bibliothek 431‎

Bookseller reference : 48780

‎"CLARK, COLIN.‎

‎The Conditions of Economic Progress. - [SEMINAL WORK ON ECONOMIC GROWTH]‎

‎London, Macmillan, 1940. 8vo. In the original blue cloth with gilt lettering to spine with the orignal dust jacket (not price clipped). Dust jacket with a few small nicks and wear to upper and lower part of spine. Previous owner's name to front free end paper, other wise a very fine and clean copy including all the folded plates. XII, 504 pp. + 5 folded plates.‎

‎First edition of the author's seminal and ""monumental"" work which had a profound influence on Western thinking about the undeveloped world and is today considered one of the classic studies on growth. ""not only gave a considerable stimulus to the subsequent development of growth theory and models but also had an important effect on western thinking about the undeveloped world. For the first time, the gulf between living standards in the rich and poor countries of the world was brought home in hard statistical terms. Well into the postwar years, until United Nations data became available, almost every writer on development economics quoted Colin Clark's estimates."" (Arndt, Economic Development)Colin Grant Clark (1905-89) was a British economist and statistician. He was widely noted for his groundbreaking work in economic statistics and national income estimates pioneering the use of the gross national product (GNP)" Clark was also among the first economists to use gross national product rather than national income as the basis of his studies. In 1984 he was named by the World Bank as one of the pioneers of development along with Sir Arthur Lewis, Gunnar Myrdal, W.W. Rostow and Jan Tinbergen.‎

Bookseller reference : 50083

‎"CLARK, COLIN.‎

‎The Conditions of Economic Progress. - [SEMINAL WORK ON ECONOMIC GROWTH]‎

‎London, Macmillan, 1940. 8vo. In the original blue cloth with gilt lettering to spine with the orignal dust jacket (not price clipped). Dust jacket with a few small nicks and wear to upper and lower part of spine. Previous owner's name to front free end paper, other wise a very fine and clean copy including all the folded plates. XII, 504 pp. + 5 folded plates.‎

‎"COURT, PIETER DE LA. (+) WÄCHTLER, KASPAR‎

‎Anweisungen der heilsamen, politischen Grunde und Maximen der Republicqen Holland und West-Friesland.‎

‎Rotterdam, (Wachtler), 1671. 8vo. In contemporary full vellum with title in contemporary hand to spine. ""EvW"" in gilt lettering to front board. A few stains and light soiling to extremities. Internally with light occassional brownspotting. (38), 423 pp. + engraved half-title.‎

‎Uncommon first German translation of La Court's classic work on Dutch politics and economics describing the damage that had been done to the country by monarchical leaders since the Middle Ages. La Court stressed the importance of free competition and was an advocate of the republican form of government.‎

Bookseller reference : 61682

‎"DAVIES, DAVID.‎

‎The Case of Labourers in Husbandry Stated and Considered, in Three Parts. Part I. a View of Their Distressed Condition. Part II. the Principal Causes of Their Growing Distress and Number, and the consequent increase of the poor-rate. Part III. Means o... - [PRESENTATION-COPY OF THE FIRST CONSUMER BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS]‎

‎Bath, R. Cruttwell, 1795. Large8vo. Bound in later half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Presentation inscription from the auhtor to top of title page: ""From the Author"". Title page and first few leafes with brownspotting, otherwise a fine copy. Lacking the half title. Pp. 3-8, 200 + the errata slip inserted after the title page.‎

‎First edition of this landmark work in scientific social inquiry"" constituting one of the earliest microeconomic- and consumer behavior analyses. Davies profoundly influenced social history and initiated the entire field of consumer behavior analysis, two areas of study which were to dominate 19th century economics, relevant not only to economic and social history, but also to present day economic analysis. Davies's work anticipates Eden's ""The State of The Poor"" (PMM 249) by two years. In the present work, Davies discusses in detail the causes of the poverty of agricultural labourers in England, linking the high prices of goods with poverty, and proposes measures to relieve the labourers, including linking their daily wage to the price of bread. Davies's observations demonstrated the failings of the contemporary Poor Laws and was by many seen as a direct criticism of the central policy making (or lack thereof). ""The differences in consumption of poor and rich families excited attention and often compassion, but apparently never quantitative analysis, for many centuries. Finally in England in the 1790's two very different investigators made extensive compilations of workingmen's budgets. [Davies in 1795, Eden in 1797]. Both were stimulated to this task by the distress of the working classes at this time."" (Stigler, The Early History of Empirical Studies of Consumer Behavior). ""Was bread Giffen? The demand for food in England circa 1790"" (in Review of Economics and Statistics, 1977, Vol. 59, issue 2, pp. 225-29). Koenker developed a problem in statistical demand analysis using samples from the budgets recorded in these works. ""Two seminal budget studies by .. .Davies ... and ... Eden are employed ... to investigate the place of bread in the diets of English rural laborers at the end of the eighteenth century. Because of the considerable geographical and temporal dispersion in prices of foodstuffs found in these budgets, they afford a unique opportunity to study the influences of both prices and income on individual household consumption decisions. In particular a test is made of the famous hypothesis, attributed by Marshall to Robert Giffen, that a rise in the price of bread, ceteris paribus, increases its consumption among the lower classes."" The budget studies to which Koenker refers comprise the 70-page appendix. Davies began collecting statistical data on the poor in 1787 while a rector in the parish of Barkham, Berkshire. ""He collected six detailed budgets of 'typical' agricultural laborers living in Barkham and circulated these budgets widely to friends throughout the kingdom. Some of these correspondents were persuaded to produce similar budgets for their own localities. In 1795 Davies edited 127 of these budgets, wrote a dispassionate plea for a minimum wage law tied to the price of wheat, and published both as The Case of Labourers in husbandry."" (Koenker). In making the case for government intervention Davies attacks rampant ignorance and prejudice toward the poor, in particular the notion that the poor are profligate creatures of habit. ""It is wonderful how readily even men of sense give in to this censure."" (p. 31).Davies's studies ""were the first examples of studies in that long and semi-honorable liberal tradition of econometrically snooping into the private lives of the poor. By the mid 19th century such studies were being conducted all over Europe by such notables as Ernst Engel, Frederick Engels, Frederick LePlay and others."" (Koenker, Applied Econometrics)David Davies (1742-1819), English clergyman and social commentator, was ordained in 1782 and became the rector of Barkham parish, where he remained incumbent until his death. Kress B2916Goldsmith 16422. Not in Einaudi.‎

Bookseller reference : 48288

‎"DAVIES, DAVID.‎

‎The Case of Labourers in Husbandry Stated and Considered, in Three Parts. Part I. a View of Their Distressed Condition. Part II. the Principal Causes of Their Growing Distress and Number, and the consequent increase of the poor-rate. Part III. Means o... - [FIRST CONSUMER BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS]‎

‎Bath, R. Cruttwell, 1795. Large 4to. Contemporary boards, beautifully re-backed in contemporary style, with five raised bands, gilt lines, and gilt red leather title-label to spine. A few light marginal pencil-annotations, small library stamp to lower part of title page, otherwise a very fine copy. 8, 200 pp. + the errata slip inserted after the title-page.‎

‎"DREIER, F. (FREDERIK).‎

‎Samfundets Reform. (1.-) 2. Kvartal. (Hefte 1-10 + Hefte 1-8).‎

‎(Kiøbenhavn, J.D. Qvist, 1852). Et samtidigt hldrbd. med rygforgyldning. 320 pp. Hefterne fortsat paginerede. hefterne rene, velbevaret.‎

‎"Edelman Ric"‎

‎"Ordinary People Extraordinary Wealth: The 8 Secrets of How 5000 Ordinary Americans Became Successful Investors and How You Can Too"‎

‎New York: HarperBusiness 2001. "First Edition First Printing". Hardcover. As New/Very Fine . Black and Red Board Covers with gilt lettering to spine; book interior is clean and tight; 8vo; 319 pages; indexed; dustjacket is protected by a mylar wrapper and is clean and bright with no noted defects except a bookstore price sticker on lower rear panel <br/><br/> HarperBusiness hardcover‎

Bookseller reference : 20060702 ISBN : 0062702475 9780062702470

‎"FISHER, IRVING.‎

‎Die Kaufkraft des Geldes. Ihre Bestimmung und ihre Beziehung zu Kredit, Zins und Krisen. - [SEMINAL WORK IN MONETARY ECONOMICS]‎

‎Berlin, Verlag von Georg Reimer, 1916. Royal8vo. Bound in a nice contemporary half calf binding with five raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Stamps to titlepage, otherwise fine. XX, 435 pp. + one folded plate.‎

‎First German edition of Fisher's seminal work in which he introduced his famous equation of exchange, known as the Fisher Equation. ""No other mathematical formulation in economics, perhaps no other in history save that of Albert Einstein, has enjoyed a greater vogue, and this continues without diminution to our own time."" (Galbraith. A History of Economics, Pp. 152-3).The Fisher Equation states MV=PT. (M=stock of money, V= the velocity of circulation of money, P=price level, T=amount of transactions carried out using money).In theory this means that by varying the supply of money, while the velocity and the volume of trade remained the same could raise or lower the level of prices. Upward movements could be arrested by reducing the money supply.""This was a mojor, even awe-inspiring, step in the history of economics. [...] Later, in the early years of the Great Depression, Fischer and his disciples would be at the center of policy"" they would urge and, in some measures, create a plan to arrest the punishing price deflation of the time. [...] With Fisher the long history of money is brought into the modern era.""Irving Fisher is regarded as being one of the earliest American neoclassical economists and the first celebrity economist. Fisher was also the first economist to distinguish clearly between real and nominal interest rates and he was by Milton Friedman called ""the greatest economist the United States has ever produced.""‎

Bookseller reference : 51517

‎"FISHER, IRVING.‎

‎The Debt-Deflation Theory of Great Depressions. - [FISHER'S 'DEBT DEFLATION THEORY']‎

‎[Menasha, Wisconsin], The Econometric Society, 1933. Royal8vo. In a contemporary black half calf binding with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Econometrica"", Vol. 1, 1933. Entire volume offered. Light wear to extremities and small stamp to title-page. A fine copy. Pp. 339-357. [Entire volume: (4), 448 pp.].‎

‎First edition of Fisher's seminal work in which he introduced the concept of 'Debt deflation': a theory of economic cycles that holds that recessions and depressions are due to the overall level of debt shrinking (deflating): the credit cycle is the cause of the economic cycle.The theory was developed by Irving Fisher following the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the ensuing Great Depression. The debt deflation theory was familiar to John Maynard Keynes prior to Fisher's discussion of it, but he found it lacking in comparison to what would become his theory of liquidity preference. The theory, however, has enjoyed a resurgence of interest since the 1980s, both in mainstream economics and in the heterodox school of post-Keynesian economics, and has subsequently been developed by such post-Keynesian economists as Hyman Minsky and Steve Keen and by the mainstream economist Ben Bernanke. ""During the Great Depression, observing the catastrophes of the world around him, which he shared personally, Fisher came to quite a different theory of the business cycle from the simple monetarist version he had espoused earlier. This was his 'Debt-deflation theory of depression', summarized in the first volume of Econometrica, the organ of the international society he helped to found. The essential features are that debt-financed Schumpeterian innovation fuel a boom, followed by a recession between excessive real debt burdens and deflation. Note the contrast to the Pigou real balance effect, according to which prices declines are the benign mechanism that restores full-employment equilibrium. The realism is all on Fisher's side. This theory of Fisher's has room for the monetary and credit cycles of which he earlier complained, and for the perversely pro-cyclical real interest rate movements mentioned above.""‎

Bookseller reference : 53100