‎Droit‎

‎"CLAUSIUS, R. (RUDOLF). - THE HEATH-DEATH OF THE UNIVERSE - ESTABLISHING THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS‎

‎Ueber eine veränderte Form des zweiten Hauptgesatzes der mechanichen Wärmetheorie.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1854. No wrappers in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Bd. 93, No 12 (entire issue offered). Titlepage to vol. 93. Pp. 481-632. Clausius's paper pp. 481-506.‎

‎First printing of this MILESTONE PAPER IN THERMODYNAMICS, which together with his paper from 1850, established the second law of thermodynamics. In the offered paper Clausius introduces the symbol T for the universal function of temperature (a + 1) and he introduces the concept of ""entropy"" (the greek word for 'transformation'), but without using the word (Clausius introduced the word later in 1865), he calls this new theorem ""the principle of the equivalence of transformations"". This principle paints a dramatic picture of the end of the world, the so-called ""heath-death of the universe"".""Entropy, on the other hand, of the complementary experience of water seeking its own level, of hot bodies cooling, of springs untensing, of magnetism wearing off and electrical charges leaking away, of a destiny suchThat no life lives forever" - That dead men rise up never" that even the weariest river Winds somewhere safe to sea: a world getting old and running down.""(Gillespie in ""The edge of Objectivity"" p. 400-01.).""Clausius discovered that if he took the ratio of the heat content of a system and its absolute temperature, this ration would always increase in any process taken place in a closed system. (A closed system is one that loses no energy to the outside world and gains no energy from it.) With perfect efficiency, which is never realized in the real world, of course, the ratio would remain constant, but i would never, under any circumstances, decrease.""(Asimov). - Parkinson: Breakthroughs 1854 C.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44808

‎"CLAUSIUS, RUDOLF. - INTRODUCING THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS.‎

‎Ueber die bewegende Kraft der Wärme und die Gesetze, welche sich daraus für die Wärmelehre selbst ableiten lassen.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1850. Contemp. marbled boards. Gilt spine, titlelabel with gilt lettering. Light wear to spineends, corners and edges. Stamps on title-page (Gusstahlfabrik Fried. Krupp). In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie"", Dritte Reihe, 19. Band (79. Band der ganzen Reihe). IX,(1),580 pp. and 3 folded engraved plates. (Entire volume offered). Endpapers and the first and last few leaves with brownspots. Clausius's paper: pp. 368-397 a. pp. 500-524. Internally clean.‎

‎First edition of this monumental, famous paper in thermodynamics in which Clausius for the first time states the Second Law of Thermodynamics, one of the most importent laws of Nature having a huge impact on the development of physical theory, cosmology, communications and information theory. The law states that a) the energy of the Universe is constant, and b) the Entropy of the Universe tends to a maximum.""Clausius' contribution to thermostatics is comparable to those of Newton and Maxwell to mechanics and electromagnetism, respectively. In the obituary J.W. Gibbs remarked that Clausiu's first memoir ""marks an epoch in the history of physics....."""" (Chowdhury and Stauffer in ""Principles of Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics"").In ""The Nature of the Physical World"" Eddington writes: ""The Law that entropy increases - the Second Law of Thermodynamics - holds, I think, the supreme position among the laws of Nature. If someone points out to you that your pet theory of the Universe is in disagreement with Maxwell's equations - then so much the worse for Maxwell's equations. If it is found to be contradicted by observation - well, these experimentalists do bungle things sometimes. But if your theory is found to be against the Second Law of Thermodynamics I can give You no hope"" there is nothing for it but to collapse in deepest humiliation."".Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1850 P.‎

书商的参考编号 : 53436

‎"CODE NAPOLEON - ERHARD, CHRISTIAN DANIEL (HRSG.).‎

‎Napoleon I bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. Nach der neuesten officiellen Ausgabe verdeutscht und nebst den von dem Französischen Rechtsgelehrten Herrn Dard jedem Artikel beygefügten Parallelstellen des Römischen und ältern Französischen Rechts, auch seinen e...‎

‎Dessau und Leipzig, Georg Voss, 1808. 8vo. Cont. hcalf. Back worn and tears in top of spine. Coverpaper gone. Titlepages in French and german with loss of paper in margin, no textæloss. loose. Block fine and tight. Having paralelltext in French and German. Internally fine. XLVII,1139,(4) pp. ""Vorrede"" in German (4) pp. perhaps the French ""Introduction"" lacks ?‎

书商的参考编号 : 21424

‎"DALTON, JOHN. - THE LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE, FRENCH VERSION.‎

‎Experiences et Observations sur les fluides considérés comme conducteurs. Traduites de l'anglais, par le cit. Hachette. (+) Suite des Experiences et Observations sur la faculté qu'out les fluides de conduire la chaleur. Traduction d l'Anglais, par ...‎

‎(Paris, Chez Fuchs, An Xe, 1803). In: ""Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie"" Tome 45, Cahier 2 a. Tome 46, Cahier 3. Pp. 113-212 (entire issue offered) and pp. 225-336 (entire issue offered). Dalton's papers: pp. 177-181 a. pp. 250-272.‎

‎First appearance in French of these importent papers. publication of which at once gave him European reputation. The first paper combated Rumford's view that the circulation of heat in fluids is by convection only. Second paper is the French translation of the first of the 5 seminal papers which appeared under the general title ""Experimental Essays on the constitution of mixed Gases"" on the Force of steam or vapor etc...""(published 1801-3). The paper expresses the generalisation that the maximum density of a vapour in contact with its liquid remains the same whether other gases be present or not and the view that the particles of every kind of elastic fluid are elastic only with regard to those of their own kind, the LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES. Smyth No 27 and No 29:1. - Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1801 M/C.‎

书商的参考编号 : 45109

‎"DANSK-NORSK LOVSAMLING - DANSK RENAISSANCEBIND.‎

‎Omfattende: 1. Stormectigste, Høyborne Førstis.... Christians den Tredie... Recess, Offuerseet, oc met ny Article forbedrit, Paa Koldinghuss, Aar... M.D. LVIII. - 2. Konning Frederich den Andens Haandfæstning, vdgiffuen, Aar effter Guds Byrd, M.D.LIX....‎

‎Kiøbenhaffn, Lorentz Benedicht, 1567. 4to. Indbundet i et ganske velbevaret samtidigt hellæderbind af brunt kalveskind med blindtrykte rammer i streg, en bred blindtrykt ramme med symbolske figurer og portrætter. Midterfeltet omgivet af en smallere dekorativ blindtrykt ramme. I midterfeltet med blindtrykt pladestempel ""Prudenc"", alle dyders moder. Den blanke ramme mellem de blindtrykte, er forsynet med spredte håndstempler, stjerner og rosetter, som oprindeligt har været forgyldte. I den brede blindtrykte ramme på bindets bagside findes bogbinderens signatur ""D L"". Ryggen med 3 ægte bind. Lette reparationer på forpermens kanter og hjørner samt reparation på øverste og nederste rygfelt.Ad 1. Titelbladet trykt i rød/sort. 40 blade (sidste tomt). Blad 1b med stort træstukket rigsvåben. De 4 første blade med kantreparationer, her og der med tab af nogle bogstaver. På titelbladet er der tab af ""mectigste"" i Stormectigste. Annoteret i marginer og nogle tekstunderstregninger, alle i gl. hånd. Ellers velbevaret.- Ad 2. 16 blade. Blad 1b træstukket rigsvåben. Enkelte annoteringer. Velbevaret. - Ad 3. 14 blade. Blad 1b træstukket rigsvåben. Velbevaret. - Ad 4. Titelbladet trykt i rød/sort. 30 blade. Blad 1b træstukket rigsvåben. Velbevaret. Alle de 4 forordninger er trykt på godt papir, gennemgående rene og velbevarede.‎

‎Yderst sjælden samling af disse 4 forordninger som således er den anden udgivne dansk-norske lovsamling. Prototypen (med de 4 samme forordninger) udkom første gang 1562-63, trykt af Hans Zimmermann. Her forligger de i Lorentz Benedichts fornemme tryk. (Se Paulli ""Lorentz Benedicht"", nr. 33-36). Ganske få eksemplarer er stadig i privateje.Lauritz Nielsen, 1373, 700, 646 og 1558. - Thesaurus I, 174, 177, 178, 176.‎

书商的参考编号 : 54328

‎"DANSK-NORSK LOVSAMLING MED SØRETTEN 1572 - DANSK RENAISSANCEBIND.‎

‎Omfattende: 1. Stormectigste, Høyborne Førstis.... Christians den Tredie... Recess, Offuerseet, oc met ny Article forbedrit, Paa Koldinghuss, Aar... M.D. LVIII. - 2. Konning Frederich den Andens Haandfæstning, vdgiffuen, Aar effter Guds Byrd, M.D.LIX....‎

‎Kiøbenhaffn, Matz Vingaard, 1572. 4to. Indbundet i et velbevaret samtidigt hellæderbind af brunt kalveskind, permerne med blindtrykte rammer i streg og smalle og brede rullestempler i form af symbolske figurer og portrætter. Midterfeltet med forgyldte blomsterstempler og bjælkerne forsynet med forgyldte rosetter, (forgyldningen slidt). Ryggen har let ophøjede bind og er repareret i øverste og nederste rygfelt.Ad 1. Titelbladet trykt i rød/sort. 40 blade (sidste tomt). Blad 1b med Christian III's træstukne portræt. Nogle marginer med svage skjolder. Enkelte samtidige marginalnoter. Titelinddelinger tilføjet i rødt og blåt. - Ad 2. 16 blade. Blad 1b træstukket rigsvåben. Enkelte annoteringer i marginer i gl. hånd. Kapitelinddelinger i rødt. - Ad 3. 14 blade. Blad 1b træstukket rigsvåben. Svag skjold på de sidste blade. Kapitelinddelinger i rødt. - Ad 4. Titelbladet trykt i rød/sort. 30 blade. Blad 1b træstukket rigsvåben. De sidste blade lettere brunplettede. Kapitelinddelinger i rødt. Alle de 4 forordninger er trykt på godt papir. På forpermens inderside talrige gl. ejernavne og tilskrifter. På første titelblad ""Tychinos Befriius Lund Eccle Canonicus huius libri perf & possesor. Ao 1572"".‎

‎Yderst sjælden samling af disse 4 forordninger som således er den tredie udgivne dansk-norske lovsamling. Prototypen (med de 4 samme forordninger) udkom første gang 1562-63, trykt af Hans Zimmermann, anden gang trykt af Lorentz Benedicht og her forligger de alle 4 i Mads Vingaards smukke tryk.Thesaurus I, 174, 177, 178 og 176. - Lauritz Nielsen, 1374, 701, 647, 1559.‎

书商的参考编号 : 57663

‎"DOVE, H.W. - DOVE'S LAW.‎

‎Ueber den Einfluss der Drehung der Erde auf die Strömungen ihrer Atmosphäre.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1835. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 36, No 11. Pp. (321-) 504. (Entire issue offered). Dove's paper: pp. 321-351.‎

‎First apperance of an importent meteorological paper in which Dove sets forth his ""Drehungsgesetzt"", the turning of the wind: the direction on northern hemisphere is opposite as on the southern hemisphere.Darmstaedter 1835.‎

书商的参考编号 : 48188

‎"DULONG, (PIERRE) & (ALEXIS) PETIT. - THE ""LAW OF DULONG AND PETIT"" THE CONNECTION BETWEEN ATOMIC WEIGHT AND ATOMIC HEAT ESTABLISHED.‎

‎Recherches Sur la Mesure des Températures et sur les Lois de la communication de la chaleur. Introduction. (+) Suite des Recherches sur la Mesure des Témperatures..... Seconde Partie. Des Lois du Refroidissement. (+) Suite Des Recherches sur la Mesure...‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1817 a. 1819. Bound in one contemp hcloth (vol. 7) and 1 issue without wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", Vol. 7 and vol. 10, Cahier 4. - 448 pp. a. 2 engraved plates (entire vol. 7 offered) + pp. 337-443 a. 2 engraved plate (entire issue offered, Cahier 4 of vol. 10 with htitle to the vol.). Dulon & Petit's papers: pp. 113-154, pp. 225-264, pp. 337-367 and Vol. X, pp. 395-413.‎

‎First edition of these 4 groundbreaking papers with the first appearance in print of THE LAW OF THE CONSTANCY OF ATOMIC HEAT, i.e. the specific heat multiplied by the atomic weight. The insight had far reaching implications as it showed a new way to Dalton's atomic theory. ""In 1815 Dulong's famous collaboration with the mathematical physicist Alexis Therese Petit began"" it produced three importent memoirs on heat."" (the papers offered here). The 2 first was awarded the price of the Academy in 1818 and was leading up to the last paper in which they formulted the ""Law of the Constancy of product of atomic weight and specific heat""""They (Dulang and Petit) were concerned with the specific heats of elements"" but if these elements really existed as atoms, it seemed possible that there might be a connection between trhe weight of the atom and the amount of heat aquired to raise the temperature of a given weight of that element by a certain amount."" (DSB). ""One of his (Dulong) most importent researches was made in collaboration with Alexis Thérese Petit (1791-1820), with whom he announced the law that the product of atomic weight and specific heat is constant (1819). It rendered a distinct service in fixing atomic weights, especially when these were in question, and enabled Berzelius and later Cannizzaro to arrive at correct atomic weights and the correct number of atoms in molecules."" (Leicester & Klickstein, A source Book in Chemistry 1400-1900, p. 273). Parkinson, Breakthroughs (1819).‎

书商的参考编号 : 47356

‎"DUMAS, JEAN BAPTISTE ANDRÈ - ANNOUNCING THE LAW OF SUBSTITUTION.‎

‎Recherches de Chimie organique. Lu à l'Academie des Sciences le 13 janvier 1834.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1834. No wrappers, as extracted from: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 56, pp.1-150. With titlepage to vol. 56. Titlepage with some browning to corners and some brownspots. Text with scattered brownnspots.‎

‎First printing of this milestone paper in organic chemistry which marks a very importent step toward a complete structural theory of organic chemistry, THE SUBSTITUTION THEORY.""In 1834 Dumas presented a long paper, ""Recherches de Chimie organique"", to the Academy of Sciences in Paris. In this he described chloroform and chloral and explained the mechanism by which chlorine acted upon ethyl alcohol. The paper was published soon afterwards (as offered here) and several years later was reprinted with the addition in the theoretical part of Dumas's theory of metalepsy.""(Leicester & Klickstein ""A Source Book in Chemistry"", p. 320 ff.). - Parkinson ""Breakthrough"" 1834 C. - Partington IV, pp. 360 ff.‎

书商的参考编号 : 43539

‎"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - FARADAY'S LAW IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY ANNOUNCED.‎

‎Dritte Reihe von Experimental-Untersuchungen über Elektricität. VII ( 7). Einerleiheit der Elektrischen verschiedenen Ursprungs. VIII ( 8). Maas-Beziehung zwischen der gemeinen und voltaischen Elektricität.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1833. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Spine slightly rubbed. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 29. X,514 pp. a. 1 folded lithographed plate. (Entire volume offered). Faraday's papers: pp. 274-304 a. 365-380, 1 litographed plate. Stamp to verso of titlepage and verso of plates. Clean and fine, printed on good paper.‎

‎First appearance of this milestone paper in which Faraday announces his discovery of the laws of electrochemistry, which today bears his name. The first law states that the quantity of electrochemical change is proportional to the quantity of electricity involved. (Sections 373-377), or in other words that there is a certain absolute quantity of the electric power associated with each atom !!. In the paper offered he further announces his proof, that the 2 kinds of electricity, frictional (resinous) and voltaic (vitrious) are identical. ""...in 1833 he succeeded in showing that every known effect of electricity - physiological, magnetis, luminous, calorific, chemical and mechanical - may be obtained from indifferently either witt the electricity which is obtained by friction or with that obtained from a voltaic battery. henceforth the identity of the two was beyond doubt.""(Whittaker p. 175.).From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.‎

书商的参考编号 : 48204

‎"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - THE ""LAW OF ELECTRO-CHEMICAL EQUIVALENTS"", THE GERMAN VERSION.‎

‎Sechste Reihe von Experimental-Untersuchungen über Elektricität. (564-660) + Siebente Reihe von Experimental-Untersuchungen über Elektricität. (661-874)‎

‎Leipzig, Barth, 1834. Contemp. hcalf., raised bands, spine gilt. Spine with light wear. in. ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. J.C. Poggendorff"", Zweite reine, 3. bd.VIII,558,(4) pp. and 5 plates. (Entire volume offerd). Faradays papers: pp. 149-189 (Sixth series) + pp. 301-331 a. 481-520 (Seventh series). Internally clean and fine, printed on good paper.‎

‎First appearance in German - prepared by Faraday himself for publication in Annalen - of 2 historical papers in chemistry and physiscs in which Faraday in the first detects a new recombination-effect in electrolysis and in the second we have the MILESTONE PAPER in which Faraday announces the discoveries of further laws of electrochemistry, stating the general relations of electricity to chemistry and introducing new terms with precise meanings. The first part of the paper introduces his new terminology, giving the words a limited and precise meaning. These words, devised with the assistance of William Whewell, are now familiar to all chemists, electrode, anode, cathode, ion, anion, and cation. He also introduces the ""Volta-electrometer"", and arrives at the ""Law of electro-chemical equivalents"". The paper offered is one of Farday's most famous papers.""Another section of the paper is devoted to a closer examination of the law of constant electrochemical action with respect to water and to the development of a gas electrometer to measure quantities of electricity. Faraday's ""Volta-electrometer"" provided the first practical means for the quantitative measurement of electricity."" (Source Book in Chemistry p. 280-81).The Sixth series: ""In the course of his experimental investigations of a general and importent law of electro-chemical action, which required the accurate measurement of thegases evolved during the decomposition of water and other substances, the author was lead to the detection of a curious effect, which had never been previously noticed, and of which the knowledge, had he before possessed it, would have prevented many of the errors and inconsistencies occurring in the conclusions he at first deduced from his earlier experiments. The phenomena observed was the gradual recombination of elements which had been previously separated from each other by voltaic action. This happened when, after water had been decomposed by voltaic electricity, the mixed gases resulting from such decomposition were left in contact with the platina wires or plates, which had acted as poles"" for under these circumstances they gradually diminished in vo.umes, water was reprioduced, and at lust the whole of the gases disappeared.""(Abstract) - Faraday explains the causes of this recombination.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49065

‎"FRESNEL, AUGUSTIN. - FORMULATING FRESNEL'S ""SINE-LAW AND"" FRESNEL'S ""TANGENT LAW""‎

‎Mémoire sur la Loi des modifications que la réflexion imprime à la lumière polarisée. (Lu a l'Academie, le 7 janvier 1823).‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1831. No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 46, Cahier 3. Titlepage to vol. 46. Pp. 225-336 a. 1 folded engraved plate. (The entire issue offered). Fresnel's paper: pp. 225-264.‎

‎Fist printing of this importent paper in which Fresnel formulates a theory of reflection and refraction referring them to the dynamical properties of the luminiferous media and stating the two laws that bears his name, the ""Sine-law"" and the ""Tangent-law"".This memoir was for some time considered lost, it was presented to the Academy in 1823, but found later in the papers of Fourier. ""Ce Mémoire, qu'on ecroyait égaré, vient d'étre retrouvé dans les papiers de M. Fourier. Comme il n'est connu que par des extraits tout-è-fait insuffisand (voyez Ann.. t. XXIX, p. 175), nous nous empressons d'en enrichir les Annales.""(Editor's footnote).In the memoir ""He adopts Young's principle, that reflection and refraction are due to differences in the inertia of the aether in different material bodies, and supposes (as in the memoir on aberration) that the inertia is proportional to the inverse square of the velocity of propagation of light in the medium. The conditions which he proposes to satisfy at the interface between two media are that the displacements of the aadjacent molecules, resolved parallell to this interface, shall be equal in the two media"" and that the energy of the reflwected and refracted waves together shall be equal to that of the incident wave.""(Whittaker ""A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity"" I, p.123).‎

书商的参考编号 : 44087

‎"FRESNEL, AUGUSTIN. - FORMULATING THE GENERAL LAW OF DOUBLE REFRACTION.‎

‎Extrait d'un Mémoire sur la double Réfraction. (Lu à l'Academie des Sciences le 26 novembre 1821).‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1825. No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 28, Cahier 3. Titlepage to vol. 28. Pp. 225-336. Fresnel's paper: pp. 263-279‎

‎First appearance of this importent paper - the paper was only published in full in the Mémoires two years later - in which he applies the concept of transverse waves to double refraction and representing the final construction, in the form of an equation of the fourth degree.In the paper Fresnel also explained the fact, that in some cases of quartz the rotation of polarization is from left to right and in other cases from right to left.. He proposed the term 'helical' to denote the property of rotating the plane of polarization, exhibited by such bodies as quartz. The term 'natural rotatory polarisation' is however, generally used.The issue contains further J. Berzelius: ""Examen chimique des eaux de Carlsbad, de Teplitz et de Konigswart"", pp. 225-263 (first part) and J.F.W. Herschel ""Sur certain Mouvemens produits dans les liquides conducteurs, lorsqu'ils transmettant le courant électrique"", pp. 280-318.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44090

‎"GALTON, FRANCIS.- THE LAW OF ANCESTRAL HEREDITY.‎

‎The average Contribution of each several Ancestor to the total heritage of the Offspring. Received and Read June 3, 1897.‎

‎London, Harrison and Sons, 1897. No wrappers. Extracted from ""Proceedings of the Royal Society"", Vol. 61. Pp. 401-413.‎

‎First printing of Galton's ""Law of ancestral Heredity""Galton's ancestral law states that the two parent contribute between them on average one-half of the total heritage of the offspring, the four grandparents one-quarter, and so on. He interpreted this law both as a representation of the separate contributions of each ancestor to the heritage of the offspring and as a multiple regression formula for predicting the value of a trait from ancestral values.Garrison & Morton: 239.‎

书商的参考编号 : 48085

‎"GAY-LUSSAC, (JOSEPH). - THE ""GAY-LUSSAC LAW"" OF EXPANDING GASES ANNOUNCED - GERMAN VERSION.‎

‎Untersuchungen über die Ausdehnung der Gasarten und der Dämpfe durch die Wärme. (Vorgelesen im National-Institute am 11ten Pluv. J. 10"" 31sten Jan. 1801. Zusammengezogen aus den Annalen de Chimie t. 43, p. 137-175).‎

‎Halle, Rengerschen Buchhandlung, 1803. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 12. Pp. 257-291 a. 1 folded engraved plate showing the experimental apparatus used.‎

‎First appearance in German of this extremely important paper in which Gay-Lussac first formulated the law, the Gay-Lussac's Law, stating that if the mass and pressure of a gas are held constant, then gas volume increases linearly as the temperature rises. This is sometimes written as V = k T, where k is a constant dependent on the type, mass, and pressure of the gas and T is temperature on an absolute scale. (In terms of the ideal gas law, k = n R / P.).""In 1802 he (Gay-Lussac) showed that different gases all expanded by equal amounts with rise in temperature. Charles had made the same discovery some years earlier but had not published it"" the credit therefore belongs to Gay-Lussac at least as much, and probably more. This was an extremely importent discovery, which Avogadro was to use within the decade to formulate hid long-neglected hypothesis that equal volumes of different gases at equal temperatures contained equal numbers of particles.""(Asimov).Magie ""A Source Book in Physics"", p.165-172 - Leicester & Klickstein ""A Source Book of Chemistry"", p. 374-379. - Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1802 C.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44130

‎"GELEFF, POVL.‎

‎Under Laas og Lukke.‎

‎København, A. Guldbrandsen & Ko., 1876. Ubeskåret i orig. blå blanke omslag. Foromslaget løst. 131 pp.‎

‎"GRAHAM, THOMAS. - GRAHAM'S LAW OF EFFUSION.‎

‎On the Motion of Gases. Received June 18, - Read June 18, 1846. (+) On the Motion of Gases. Part II. Received JJune 21, - Read June 21, 1849.‎

‎(London, Richard and John E. Taylor, 1846 a. 1849). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1846 . Pp. 573-631 a. 3 engraved plates + 1849. Pp. 349-391. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of the papers in which he announced his famous Law of Effusion. Graham's Law shows the relationship between the molar or molecular mass of a gas and the rate at which it will effuse. Effusion is the process of gas molecules escaping through tiny holes in their container. He showed experimentally that the ratio of the rates of effusion of two gases is equal to the square root of the inverse ratio of their molecular masses or densities and the effusion rate of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular mass.Thomas Graham, the Scottish Chemist, first president of the Chemical Society of London, and one of the chief founders of physical chemistry. He formulated Graham's Law of diffusion relating the rate of diffusion of gases to their densities, discovered and named the process of dialysis used for separating colloids from crystalloids, studied the three forms of phosphoric and arsenics acids that led to the developpement of the concept of polybasic acids, a major contribution to inorganic chemistry.‎

书商的参考编号 : 46340

‎"HART, H. L. A.‎

‎Definition & Theory in Jurisprudence. An Inaugural Lecture delivered before the University of Oxford on 30 May 1953. - [HART'S FAMOUS INAUGURAL LECTURE]‎

‎Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1953. 8vo. Uncut in the original printed wrappers. Faint fading to extremities of wrappers. Near mint. 28 pp.‎

‎"HEIBERG, P. A. (Udg.).‎

‎Procedure og Dom ved Hof= og Stads=Retten i den af Generalfiskalen anlagde Sag angaaende Visen Vor Klub er dog en herlig Sag etc. udgivet af P.A. Heiberg.‎

‎Kiøbenhavn, Johan Frederik Schultz, 1795. 8vo. Bound in a slightly later half calf binding with gilt lines to spine. Some wear to capitals. Contemporary signature to title-page (H. H. Møller) and later signature to front free endpaper (N. Warburg). Johan Levin's exlibris to pasted down front endpaper. The first and last leaves professionally reinforced to inner margin. A few scattered brownspots, otherwise internally clean. X,79 pp.‎

‎First edition of this important work in the struggle of freedom of speech in Denmark. Bound with P. A. Heiberg's poem, for which he was prosecuted: ""Vor Klub er dog en herlig Sag"" published in Nummer 43, 1794 of ""Den danske Tilskuer"".In the poem Heiberg criticizes the British prime minister William Pitt for shutting down the public clubs (""At rive Folkets Klubber ned""). Heiberg was prosecuted by P. F. Skibsted and ordered to pay a fine. The following year Heiberg published the documents of the case with and introduction and satirical comments (Procedure og Dom...).These two works constitute an important contribution to the history of freedom of speech in Denmark.‎

书商的参考编号 : 57820

‎"HENRY, WILLIAM. - A CRUCIAL STEP TOWARDS THE ATOMIC THEORY - HENRY'S LAW.‎

‎Experiments on the Quantity of Gases absorbed by Water, at different Temperatures, and under different Pressures. Read December 23, 1802. (and) Appendix to Mr. William henry's Paper, on the Quality of Gases absorbed by Water, at different Temperature...‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1803). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1803 - Part I. Pp.29-42 and 1 engraved plate and Appendix: pp. 274-276. With titlepage to the volume Part I. A paperflaw in margin of the first leaf, neathly repaired, no loss. The plate with a few small brownspots. Verso of titlepage with a small stamp, otherwise clean and fine, wide-margined.‎

‎First appearance of this highly importent paper in which Henry announced his discovery of the law, which later was termed ""Henry's Law"". The law states that when a gas is absorbed in a liquid the weight of the gas dissolved is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas over the liquid. This discovery contributed directly to the atomic theory of Dalton.(Parkinson: Breakthroughs: 1803 C) ""Dalton's own experiments on the solution of gases and the stimulus afforded by Henry's work have been seen as crucial in the development of the atomic theory.""(DSB VI p. 285).A paper by Humphrey Davy: ""An Accont of some Experiemnts and Observations on the constituent Parts of certain astringent Vegetables"" and on their Operating in Tanning. Read February 24, 1803"", comes with. In the same volume Pp. 233-273.‎

书商的参考编号 : 42540

‎"HESS, (GERMAIN HENRY). - ""THE LAW OF HEAT FORMATION""‎

‎Recherches sur les quantités de chaleur dégagées dans les combinaisons chimiques. (Lettre à M. Arago).‎

‎Paris, Fortin, Masson et Cie, 1840. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Some scratches to spine. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 2e series, tome 74. 448 pp., 1 folded plate. Hess' paper: pp. 325-335. Stamps on verso of titlepage. Internally clean.‎

‎First edition of Hess's most famous paper, in which he outlined his law on thermochemistry. His principle, a progenitor for the first law of thermodynamics, came to be called Hess's law. It states that in a series of chemical reactions, the total energy gained or lost depends only on the initial and final states, regardless of the number or path of the steps. This is also known as the law of constant heat summation. Hess described here his newly discovered law, known as Hess's Law, in form of a letter to Arago. (The letter was also published in Comptes Rendus in a slightly modified form). ""Here thermochemistry received its first importent advance at the hands of Germain Hess, who showed that the heat evolved in a reaction is the same regardless of whether the reaction is carried out directly or in a number of steps..."" (Leicester & Klickstein ""A Source Book in Chemistry"", pp. 329-332). This paper preceded the larger papers also published in ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"" and the original (and larger) paper in ""Bulletin scientifique, Academie impériale des Sciences (St. Petersbourg, 1840)"". The volume contains also papers by Laurent, Biot, Mulder, Melloni etc.Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1840 C.‎

书商的参考编号 : 48910

‎"HOBBES, THOMAS et al.‎

‎Horae Subseciuae. Observations and Discourses. - [HOBBES' EARLIEST PUBLISHED WORK]‎

‎London, Edward Blunt, 1620. 8vo. Contemporary full speckled calf, expertly rebacked to style with four raised bacds and gilt line-decoration. Front free end-paper with notes dated 1637. Note station ""Lord Bacon"" in early hand to title-page. P. 57 with a 20th century stamp (""Library of Washington University""). A bit closely shaved at top, occasionally cropping border. A very nice copy. (8), 222, (4 - 1 blank leaf and 1 leaf with half-title ""A Discourse Upon the Beginning of Tacitus""), pp., pp. 223-324, (1 f. with half-title: A Discourse Of Rome), pp. 325-(418), (1 f. with half-title: A Discourse Against Flatterie), pp. 419-(504), (1 f. with half-title: A Discourse of Lawes), pp. 505-542.‎

‎The very rare first edition of this extremely important collection of essays, three of which have now been proven to have been written by Thomas Hobbes, thus constituting his earliest published work. The work is now widely regarded a highly important source to the understanding of what is arguably the greatest political thinker of all time, providing us with unprecedented access to the early writings and thought of Thomas Hobbes. ""Studies of the early Hobbes can be enriched and deepened by a consideration of the formerly anonymous texts now identified as the philosopher's earliest work, namely the essays ""A Discourse on Tacitus"", ""A Discourse on Rome"", ""A Discourse on Laws"", found in a larger collection entitled ""Horae Subseciuae: Observations and Discourses"". Originally thought to have been the work of the young William Cavendish, who under Hobbes's supervision likely wrote the majority of the ""Horae"" essays, these three discourses have since been identified... as the work of Hobbes himself."" (Butler). ""The entire work consists of twelve essays or ""observations"" reminiscent in style and language of Bacon's essays and devoted to such topics as arrogance, expenses, reading history, religion, and death, and four much longer discourses, three of which we have been able to attribute to Hobbes."" (Reynolds & Saxenhouse p. 4). Efforts to identify the author of the ""Horae Subseciuae"" began almost immediately after its anonymous publication, and the publication has always been a source of speculation about the author. As it would turn out, all twelve essays were not written by the same author, and three of them were written by one of modernity's greatest philosophers. It was Leo Strauss who first provided something resembling evidence that the writings were by Thomas Hobbes. He had come upon the original manuscript and concluded that it was indeed in Hobbes's hand. But handwriting, of course, does not prove authorship. It does prove a connection, with the work, however, and the exact connection with the three essays would be proven some decades later, by Saxonhouse and Reynolds, who famously published the three essays together, under Hobbes's name for the first time. ""For the first time in three centuries, this book brings back into print three discourses now confirmed to have been written by the young Thomas Hobbes. Their contents may well lead to a resolution of the long-standing controversy surrounding Hobbes's early influences and the subsequent development of his thought. The volume begins with the recent history of the discourses, first published as part of the anonymous seventeenth-century work, ""Horae Subsecivae"". Drawing upon both internal evidence and external confirmation afforded by new statistical ""wordprinting"" techniques, the editors present a compelling case for Hobbes's authorship. Saxonhouse and Reynolds present the complete texts of the discourse with full annotations and modernized spellings. These are followed by a lengthy essay analyzing the pieces' significance for Hobbes's intellectual development and modern political thought more generally. The discourses provide the strongest evidence to date for the profound influences of Bacon and Machiavelli on the young Hobbes, and they add a new dimension to the much-debated impact of the scientific method on his thought. The book also contains both introductory and in-depth explanations of statistical ""wordprinting."" Saxonhouse and Reynolds met each other at a conference in 1988 and decided to join forces to determine, whether Thomas Hobbes was the actual author of the ""Horae Subseciuae"", which had often been speculated. ""Fortuitously, Reynolds was closely involved with statisticians at Bringham Young University who have done some of the most important work in developing statistical techniques for identifying authorship for disputed texts, or ""wordprinting."" ...The results relative to the ""Horae Subseciuae"" were both exhilarating and disappointing. The three discourses published here could definitely be attributed to Hobbes, but the volume's twelve shorter essays or observations which draw heavily on Baconian themes and language, portraying the passionate young aristocrat with all his foibles, and the fourth discourse, were authored by someone else - perhaps Hobbes's tutee, but clearly not Hobbes himself. While it would have been more satisfying to have the entire work match Hobbes's later writings, we thought that the identification of the three discourses as previously unrecognized and unacknowledged Hobbesian works was of great significance and that they were worthy of republication. These three discourses give us direct access to Hobbes's intellectual concerns and motivating interests at a point almost two decades earlier than was possible through his previous recognized writings."" (Reynolds & Saxenhouse, pp. VII-VIII). Apart from a poem in his hand, nothing had remained to help us understand the early intellectual development of Hobbes and the early influences upon his thought, before his translation of Thucydides, which appeared in 1627, when he was almost 40 years old. These important early texts give us access to Hobbes's early thought, thereby letting us understand how he developed his political science. Shortly after taking his degree, Hobbes became engaged as a tutor to the Cavendish family, with whom he maintained a close connection for the rest of his life. Hobbes was first hired to serve as a tutor and companion to William Cavendish, later the Second Earl of Devonshire, and subsequently taught William's son and grandson. In 1610, Hobbes and his first charge embarked on a grand tour of the continent, traveling primarily to France and Italy.Hobbes remained with William for the next twenty years, later serving as his secretary and becoming a close friend and confidant. It has previously been thought that Hobbes published nothing during this time, but as it has recently turned out, he did indeed contribute the three essays ""A Discourse on Tacitus"", ""A Discourse on Rome"", ""A Discourse on Laws"" to the ""Horae Subseciuae"", that was presumably publiahed by William Cavendish, who arguably wrote if not all, then most of the other essays in the volume. Shortly after William died, Hobbes published the first translation of Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War into English (1628). During this period, Hobbes also worked occasionally for the Lord Chancellor and great scientist Francis Bacon, who highly valued him as a secretary, translator, and conversation partner, and to whom the present work has also be ascribed during the centuries. Noel B. Reynolds and Arlene W. Saxenhouse in: ""Three Discourses: A Critical Modern edition of Newly Identified Work of the Young Thomas Hobbes"", 1995. Todd Butler: Imagination and Politics in Seventeenth-Century England, 2017‎

书商的参考编号 : 60300

‎"HOFMAN, TYCHO de.‎

‎Kort Afhandling om Oprindelsen til at tage og at give Tiende, samt Rettighed til at kalde sig Prester efter de Canoniske, og især efter de Danske og Norske Love.‎

‎Kiøbenhavn, uden forlægger og trykker, 1750. 4to. Samt. hldrbd. over træpermer med 5 ophøjede bind, rig rygforgyldning og skindtitel. Øverste kapitæl slidt. Bindet med lettere brugsspor. 130 pp. Trykt på svært skrivepapir. Kobberstukket portræt af Hofman (Stukket af J.G. Wille), kobberst. titelvignet (tegnet og stukket af Jacob Folkema), adskillige kobberstukne vignetter (bl.a. efter Cochin af Folkema, flere af Lode og Marcus Tuscher). En foldeplanche. Stort, rent eksemplar. Med Frederik Heymans exlibris på indesiden af forpermen.‎

‎"HOFMAN, TYCHO de. - MED DEDIKATION (FRA UDGIVEREN) TIL JOHANNES EWALD.‎

‎Kort Afhandling om Oprindelsen til at tage og at give Tiende, samt Rettighed til at kalde sig Prester efter de Canoniske, og især efter de Danske og Norske Love. Andet Oplag, forøget med et Tillæg.‎

‎Kiøbenhavn, Godiches Efterleverske, 1777. 4to. Samtidigt helldrbd. med ophøjede bind på ryggen, stregforgyldninger i rygfelter. Forgyldt titeletiket med lille hak. En smule slid ved kapitæler. Kobberstukket portræt af Hofman (Stukket af J.G. Wille), flere vignetter. En foldeplanche og en tabel. På fribladet ""Til min gode Ven/ Skjalden Johannes Ewald/ fra/ Forfatteren/ Kjöbenhavn det 1777 Aar."" ""Forfatteren"" er her B.C. Sandvig, som har forfærdiget bogens tillæg. Også tilhørt C. Bricka og Poul Hauge med hans exlibris.‎

‎Dette er 2. udgaven, som blev sat med fraktur i modsætning til første-udgaven der var sat i antikva. Værket om ""Tiende"" har som grundlag en opsats om dette emne, som H. havde skrevet på foranledning af Universitetet i Jena, der hædrede ham med den juridiske doktorgrad (diplomet gengivet på foldeplanchen). - Bibl. Danica II:920.‎

书商的参考编号 : 55076

‎"JYDSKE LOV - THE LOW GERMAN EDITION 1603.‎

‎Secundae Editionis des Jüdtschen Lowbokes/ So Anno 1590. in dem Denschen Repugeret unde Correct uth Kopenhagen: Folgende Anno 93. in den Holsteinische Sprake umgesettet/ thoSchleswich in den Druck uthgeghan... Prima Pars. Dörch Blasium Ekenberger... 1...‎

‎Sleswig (Flensburg ?), no printer, 1603. Small 4to. Old full marbled calf. Raised bands. Richly gilt spine. Titlelabel with gilt lettering. Some repairs to spine ends. Spine a bit rubbed. Front free endpaper gone. Title-page printed in red and black. (136) + (96) leaves. With the engraved danish Coat of Arms on verso of title-page and f 2 with the engraved portrait of King Christian IV. Old name on title-page. A few quires with browning. A few brownspots and marginal dampstains.‎