‎Fiacre‎

‎McVeigh, Simon‎

‎Music in Edwardian London Music in Britain 1600-2000 33‎

‎paperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 1837651604.G ISBN : 1837651604 9781837651603

‎Simon Benoit‎

‎Dolly Parton All the Songs‎

‎Hardback. New. New Book; Fast Shipping from UK; Not signed; Not First Edition; The newest edition in BDL's bestselling All the Songs series-and the first to focus on a female performer-Dolly Parton All the Songs: The Story Behind Every Track follows the career of the internationally beloved musical icon diving de hardcover‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : ria9780762482276_inp ISBN : 0762482273 9780762482276

‎Aloi, Giovanni (Author)/ Aresheva, Victoria (Author)/ Bacquet, Emmanuel (Author)/ Baker, Simon (Author)/ Hoffmann, Felix (Author‎

‎Science/ Fiction: A Non-History of Plants /anglais‎

‎SPECTOR BOOKS 2025. Hardcover. New. 216 pages. 9.25x6.00x9.17 inches. SPECTOR BOOKS hardcover‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : __3959058586 ISBN : 3959058586 9783959058582

‎LAPLACE, Pierre Simon, Marquis de‎

‎Théorie Analytique des Probabilités. Paris: Courcier 1812. With: Supplément a la Théorie Analytique des Probabilités Paris: Courcier n.d. 1816; Deuxième Supplément . n.p. February 1818; Troisième Supplément . Paris: Courcier n.d. 1819; Quatrième Supplément . Paris: Huzard-Courcier n.d. 1825‎

‎Paris: Courcier; Huzard-Courcier 1825. First edition. <p>First edition very rare complete with all four supplements the fourth being especially scarce of what Anders Hald called "the most influential book on probability and statistics ever written." John Herschel praised it as "the ne plus ultra of mathematical skill and power." In this landmark work Laplace gave probability and statistics their first comprehensive theoretical foundation shaping the field for over a century. The supplements-composed between 1816 and 1825-extend its applications to natural philosophy and geodesy. No copy with all four supplements appears in RBH; even the Honeyman copy lacked the last three. This is the finest copy we have encountered. Provenance: Barthélémy Aoust 1814-1885 French mathematician and professor at Marseille.</p>. The Most Influential Book on Probability and Statistics Ever Written. <p>First edition very rare - especially when accompanied as here by all four supplements the fourth of which is of extreme rarity - of the most influential work on probability and mathematical statistics ever written. Pierre-Simon Laplace's Théorie analytique des probabilités published at Paris by Veuve Courcier in 1812 codified into a single mathematical framework the principal results of probability theory from Jakob Bernoulli's Ars Conjectandi of 1713 through Laplace's own four decades of research and established the analytical methods - generating functions characteristic functions asymptotic approximations the method of least squares the central limit theorem - that governed the subject for the next century and beyond. John Herschel called it 'the ne plus ultra of mathematical skill and power'. The DSB observes that it came to have the same relation to the later development of probability that Newton's Principia had to the later science of mechanics. This is the finest copy we have seen. RBH lists no copy with all four supplements and only two copies with the first three Gonnelli 2024 €35280; Sotheby's 2007 $25000; the Honeyman copy had only the first supplement.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>The work emerged from a long series of memoirs. Laplace had been publishing on probability since the early 1770s but the results were scattered across the publications of the Académie Royale des Sciences and the Institut de France and no single treatise had brought them together. The Théorie analytique is that treatise and Laplace's introduction to the first edition - eliminated in the second and third editions in favour of the Essai philosophique - sets out the programme in his own terms: he is concerned he writes to determine the probability of causes and results as exhibited in events that occur in large numbers and to investigate the laws according to which that probability approaches a limit in proportion to the repetition of events. The investigation he adds will benefit observers in identifying the mean to be chosen among the results of their observations and the probability of errors still to be apprehended and it will interest philosophers in showing how there is a regularity underlying the very things that seem to pertain entirely to chance. He closes by noting that the same analysis can in principle be applied to annuities tontines insurance inoculation with vaccine and the decisions of electoral assemblies. He never wrote the separate work on civil applications he here promises but the thought of it may have been what led him to expand his old École Normale lecture into the Essai philosophique sur les probabilités two years later - the non-mathematical companion that contains the celebrated passage on Laplace's demon and the philosophical argument that probability is the rational response to ignorance not a measure of it.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>Book I subtitled Calcul des fonctions génératrices develops the algebraic machinery of the treatise. Generating functions - power series whose coefficients encode the probabilities of interest - transform combinatorial and probabilistic problems into problems of analysis making them accessible to the methods of the calculus. The first part presents the theory of generating functions as a branch of the calculus of finite differences; the second develops the method of approximating by definite integrals the values of expressions containing very large numbers the technique that yields the asymptotic formulas on which all the practical results of the later chapters depend. Laplace traces the historical lineage of these methods through Lagrange Leibniz Newton and Wallis back to Descartes's invention of numerical exponents situating his own work as the natural continuation of two centuries of analytical development. The most important revision from his earlier memoirs of the 1780s is the omission of material on partial differential equations that was relevant to physics but not to games of chance and a correspondingly greater emphasis on the passage from finite to infinitesimal quantities and from real to imaginary complex numbers - two processes that Laplace found increasingly fertile as his command of the subject deepened.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>Book II Théorie générale des probabilités constitutes the subject. It is more than a republication of earlier memoirs: Laplace drew together the main types of problems from the theory of chance already treated by many mathematicians in a somewhat haphazard manner and re-handled them in tandem with problems from the new areas of application in the philosophy of science astronomy geodesy instrumentation error population and the procedures of judicial panels and electoral bodies. The first chapter lays down the general principles: the definition of probability the rule for multiplying the probabilities of independent events and a verbal statement of Laplace's theorem on the probability of causes inverse probability now called Bayesian inference - still without mentioning Bayes by name. Chapter 2 the most considerable occupying about a quarter of Book II treats the probability of compound events: lotteries Laplace adduces the French national lottery with its ninety numbers drawn five at a time the extraction of balls from urns order and sequence in the retrieval of numbered objects the division of stakes and the ruin or survival of a gambler - the classical problems of the subject now solved systematically by generating functions and arranged not for their own sake but to illustrate a typology of problems in probability at large.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>Chapter 3 concerns the laws that result from the indefinite multiplication of events. It contains Laplace's most general statement of the central limit theorem: that when the number of independent observations increases the distribution of their mean tends toward a Gaussian form regardless of the distribution of the individual observations and that the limits within which the mean will fall with a given probability grow closer together as the number of observations grows. The theorem is the mathematical foundation of modern statistics; it explains why the bell curve appears ubiquitously in nature and why averaging works. Laplace illustrates the theorem from birth records - the ratio of boys to girls taken from the registries of Paris London and Naples provides empirical figures for the prior probabilities that the theory then subjects to analysis.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>Chapter 4 on the probability of error represents the most significant development in the subject as a whole compared to Laplace's earlier memoirs. It derives the least-squares law for combining observations - the method that Legendre had published in 1805 and that Gauss had claimed priority for - first for the case of a single unknown element and then for two or more together with the probability that the resulting estimate will fall within given limits. The chapter includes instructions on the application of the analysis to the correction of astronomical tables and closes with a historical sketch in which Laplace renders Legendre and Gauss each his due in the development of the method.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>Chapter 5 applies probability to the investigation of phenomena themselves - to establishing the physical significance of data amid the complexities of the world. The principal example is the daily variation of the barometric pressure which long observation shows to be normally highest at nine in the morning and lowest at four in the afternoon. Laplace calculates the probability that this diurnal pattern is due to a regular cause the action of the sun rather than to chance and determines its mean extent. He raises the further question of atmospheric tides as a second contributing cause - a question he could not then resolve for lack of data but which became the subject of the last calculation he ever performed. The chapter closes with an application of probability to Buffon's needle problem - the probability that a needle tossed onto a grid of parallel lines will cross a line a problem Laplace adapts to a statistical method for approximating the value of π. Chapter 6 reworks Laplace's early memoir on the probability of causes applying inverse probability and the method of definite-integral approximation to population statistics; he now has figures from the partial census which at his request the French government had conducted in 1801.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>The brief seventh chapter returns to the effect of unequal prior probabilities mistakenly assumed to be equal - a finding Laplace always considered among his most important since it demonstrated the care required when mathematical calculations are applied to physical events. There are he insists no perfect symmetries in the real world and allowance must be made for slight deviations of parameters from assumed values. Chapters 8 through 10 treat life expectancy annuities tontines insurance the effect of vaccination on the death rate Laplace concludes that the eradication of smallpox would increase life expectancy by three years provided the resulting population growth did not outrun the food supply and moral expectation - Daniel Bernoulli's principle that the prospective benefit of a gain is not its absolute amount but its ratio to the total wealth of the beneficiary. Laplace adopts the principle as a guide to prudent conduct and concludes that in the most mathematically advantageous games of chance the odds are always unfavourable over time and that diversification is a prudent practice in the investment of wealth.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>The four supplements issued between 1816 and 1825 extend the theory into applied territory. The first 1816 applies inverse probability to the analysis of criminal proceedings - Laplace calculates the probability that a conviction is erroneous given assumptions about the truthfulness of jurors and concludes that the English jury system with its requirement for unanimity weights the odds too heavily against the security of society while the French criminal code with its plurality rule across two courts is unjust to the accused. The second 1818 turns to geodesy comparing Laplace's method of combining equations of condition with the method of Boskovic; Stigler considers this discussion the earliest instance of a rigorous comparison of two well-elaborated methods of estimation for a general population strikingly similar to the analysis that led R. A. Fisher to the concept of sufficiency in 1920. The third 1819 applies the method to the extension of the Delambre-Méchain survey of the meridian from Perpignan to Formentera; Laplace estimates the law of error on the basis of all 700 triangles in the original survey and calculates the probabilities of error in the resulting length of the meridian. The fourth 1825 the rarest generalises the Problem of Points using the method of generating functions and includes corrections to earlier results in the main text.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>The bibliographical context of the supplements compounds the difficulty of assembling a complete set. Each was issued separately by Veuve Courcier and her successor Huzard-Courcier in print runs of unknown but evidently small size and the four were never gathered together as a single bound publication during the early nineteenth century. Copies that left the publishing house with the supplements bound in were assembled by the binder copy by copy from sheets purchased separately; copies sold without binding rarely retain the supplements at all since these were slim pamphlets without the binding of their parent and easily separated from it. The fourth supplement of 1825 the rarest of the four was issued only two years before Laplace's death in 1827 and saw no further reprinting in the parent author's lifetime; it is the supplement most often missing from copies offered for sale. RBH records no copy of the work with all four supplements; the two copies recently in commerce with the first three lack the fourth and the Honeyman copy lacked the second third and fourth. The probability of all four reaching a single contemporary owner surviving together through two centuries of binding rebinding and dispersal and arriving intact in a single contemporary cloth was in any literal sense vanishingly small.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>Laplace's analytical apparatus passed quickly into general use after his death. Adolphe Quetelet the Belgian astronomer and statistician who had visited Laplace in Paris in the 1820s applied the central limit theorem to social phenomena in his Sur l'homme of 1835 founding what he called physique sociale - the systematic statistical study of human populations. Francis Galton in the 1880s adapted Laplace's framework to the study of inheritance defining regression to the mean and the correlation coefficient. Karl Pearson at University College London working from Galton formalised the chi-squared test in 1900 and established the moment-generating function Laplace's generating function under another name as the standard apparatus of the new mathematical statistics. R. A. Fisher's 1922 paper On the Mathematical Foundations of Theoretical Statistics introduced the concepts of likelihood and sufficiency that defined the modern subject; Stephen Stigler's 1986 study of the history of statistics observes that Fisher's argument on sufficiency closely parallels the comparison Laplace had drawn in the second supplement of 1818 between his own method of combining equations of condition and that of Boskovic. Through Quetelet Galton Pearson and Fisher the analytical framework of the Théorie analytique survived intact into the twentieth century and it continues to underlie every confidence interval hypothesis test and regression analysis performed in any field that depends on quantitative inference. The hidden continuity is part of what Laplace meant when he wrote in the introduction here suppressed that probability furnishes a regularity to the very things that seem to belong to chance.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>Pierre-Simon Laplace 1749-1827 the son of a cider-farmer in Normandy arrived in Paris in 1769 and within a decade had established himself as the foremost mathematical astronomer in Europe. His Mécanique céleste 1799-1825 is the most important work in mathematical astronomy since the Principia; the Théorie analytique des probabilités holds the same position in its own field. Between them the two works secured his reputation as - in the phrase that has clung to him since his own century - the Newton of France. He served Napoleon as Minister of the Interior for six weeks in 1799 Napoleon dismissing him observed that he had brought the spirit of the infinitely small into the work of government; he was elected to the Académie française in 1816 made a count of the Empire under Napoleon in 1806 and elevated to the rank of marquis at the Bourbon Restoration in 1817. He died at Paris on 5 March 1827 on the eve of the issue of the fifth volume of the Mécanique céleste which his son Charles-Émile saw through the press in his name. The 1812 Théorie analytique was the keystone of his late career and the work that consolidated mathematics as the apparatus of a quantitative science of human and natural events.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>Provenance: Barthélémy Aoust 1814-1885 French mathematician professor in the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Marseille from 1854 until his retirement. Aoust's research interests centred on differential geometry and on the analysis of curves and surfaces - questions distant enough from probability theory for the present volume to have functioned in his library as a reference work rather than a working text and the absence of marginalia in his hand suggests as much. His contemporary printed address label pasted to the title page in the early 1850s when he established himself at Marseille places this copy among the books he assembled for his teaching there and identifies it as part of his personal library.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>References: DSB XV 367-376 - Evans 12 - Grolier/Horblit 63a - Honeyman 1923 - Printing and the Mind of Man 252 - Stigler ch. 24 in Grattan-Guinness ed. Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640-1940 2005 - Hald A History of Mathematical Statistics from 1750 to 1930 1998 - Stigler The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900 Harvard 1986.</p> <br /> <br/> <br/> <br /> <p>Five parts bound in one vol. 4to 253 × 194 mm pp. vi 464 2: errata and blank; 34; 50; 36; 2 28. Contemporary green half-cloth over green marbled boards spine with raised bands compartments ruled in gilt and decorated in blind with a gilt lettering-piece top edges yellow-speckled spine very slightly rubbed small paper label at tail. A fresh well-margined copy internally clean.</p> . Courcier; Huzard-Courcier unknown‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 6347

‎Rovelli, Carlo; Erica Segre and Simon Carnell [Translators]‎

‎There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness‎

‎London: Allen Lane / Penguin Random House UK 2020 First printing of the first English edition. Signed by Carlo Rovelli directly on the title-page. Faint sticker ghost to front cover else book in fine as new condition. Issued without a dust jacket. Allen Lane / Penguin Random House UK hardcover‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 023512 ISBN : 0241454689 9780241454688

‎Cooke, Simon (Author)‎

‎Illustrating the Victorian Supernatural‎

‎MJ – Ohio University Press 2025. Hardcover. New. 304 pages. 9.01x6.01x9.02 inches. MJ – Ohio University Press hardcover‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : __0821426524 ISBN : 0821426524 9780821426524

‎Simon, Dieter‎

‎Eherecht und Familiengut in Antike und Mittelalter Schriften des Historischen Kollegs 22 German Edition‎

‎Walter de Gruyter Inc 1992-03-24. Reprint 2015. hardcover. New. 6.14x0.50x9.21. Buy with confidence. Excellent Customer Service & Return policy. Walter de Gruyter, Inc hardcover‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : DADAX3486558854 ISBN : 3486558854 9783486558852

‎Becker, Simon (Author)/ Wiebrecht, Axel (Author)/ Englert, Stefan (Author)‎

‎Fokus Chinesische Medizin: Was wir in der Praxis wirklich wissen müssen‎

‎Systemische Medizin AG 2026. Paperback. New. German language. 10.83x7.91x2.76 inches. Systemische Medizin AG paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : __3864010136 ISBN : 3864010136 9783864010132

‎Joseph Gabet, Simon Leys et Congregatio pro Gentium Evangelizatione Eglise catholique‎

‎Les missions catholiques en Chine en 1846.‎

‎Valmonde 1999. Hardcover. Good. Edition 1999. Ammareal gives back up to 15% of this item's net price to charity organizations. Valmonde hardcover‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : I-390-628 ISBN : 2864010933 9782864010937

‎Simon Chadwick‎

‎The Business of the FIFA World Cup‎

‎Paperback / softback. New. <p>Now in a fully revised and updated new edition this book offers expert insight into the business and management of the FIFA World Cup arguably the biggest sporting event in the world.</p> paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : B9781041170259 ISBN : 1041170254 9781041170259

‎Jones, Hackney And‎

‎How To Write A Paranormal Short Story: Plan and publish incredible supernatural stories FAST using simple templates plotting tools and fun exercises How to Write a Short Story‎

‎paperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 1916909256.G ISBN : 1916909256 9781916909250

‎Scarrow,Simon (Signed Copy)‎

‎Centurion Signed Limited Edition Number 11 of 50 Copies‎

‎London: Headline. This is a Fine Copy of this Book in brown cloth boards with bright gilt title lettering to spine in a Fine Dust-Jacketwith no chips or tears to the outer edges of the dust-Jacket.Not Price clipped with £12.99 showing to the front inner flap.This copy has No previous names or inscriptions present but has been SIGNED by the Author Simon Scarrow on the Title Page and it's a Limited Edition of just 50 copies with this one numbered number 11.There is the uncommon Scarrow Brothers stamp to the title page also.The book has a firm binding with no hinge weakness and with no leaning to spine.Lovely clean crisp white page edges.Great copy for the collector as they do not get any better than this in terms of condition.I assume that this Limited Edition was added to the publication or print run of the 2nd Impression.This is book 8 in the Eagles of the Empire Series continuing Marco and Cato's adventures in the Eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.8vo 358pp Signed Limited Edition 11 of 50 Copies 2007 . Fine. Hardcover. Limited Edition. 2007. Headline hardcover‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 77938 ISBN : 0755327764 9780755327768

‎Scarrow,Simon (Signed Copy)‎

‎Centurion Exclusive Edition With Extrra Story From Macro's Early Years‎

‎London: Headline. This is a Fine Copy of this Book in brown cloth boards with bright gilt title lettering to spine in a Fine Dust-Jacketwith no chips or tears to the outer edges of the dust-Jacket.Not Price clipped with £12.99 showing to the front inner flap.This copy has No previous names or inscriptions present but has been SIGNED by the Author Simon Scarrow on the Title Page.The book has a firm binding with no hinge weakness and with no leaning to spine.Uncommon Exclusive to Waterstone's Edition with added story8vo 358pp First UK Edition 1st Impression 2007 . Fine. Hardcover. First Edition. 1st Printing. 2007. Headline hardcover‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 77867 ISBN : 0755327764 9780755327768

‎Fuentes Navarro, Simon Pedro‎

‎Mi primer libro de karate‎

‎Murillo Saif Audiovisual y Ediciones S.L. 2017. Hardcover. New. 1st edition. Spanish language. 11.65x8.11x0.39 inches. Murillo Saif, Audiovisual y Ediciones S.L. hardcover‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 2-8494025279 ISBN : 8494025279 9788494025273

‎Ted Simon‎

‎Los sueños de Júpiter‎

‎Interfolio S. L. 2012. Perfect Paperback. New. Spanish language. 7.80x5.35x1.57 inches. Interfolio, S. L. paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 2-8493769452 ISBN : 8493769452 9788493769451

‎BURGOS JULIAN, FRANCISCO ALFONSO / CEBOLLA MARTI, AUSIAS / GARCIA CAMPAYO, JOSE JAVIER / SIMON PEREZ, VICENTE / PIVA DEMARZO, MA‎

‎Mindfulness: fundamentos y aplicaciones‎

‎Ediciones Paraninfo S.A 2018. Paperback. New. 352 pages. Spanish language. 9.45x6.69x0.87 inches. Ediciones Paraninfo, S.A paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 2-8428338469 ISBN : 8428338469 9788428338462

‎Simon, David/ Burns, Ed‎

‎La esquina/ The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-city Neighborhood‎

‎Principal De Los Libros 2011. Paperback. New. translation edition. 688 pages. Spanish language. 9.06x5.98x2.20 inches. Principal De Los Libros paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 2-8493859478 ISBN : 8493859478 9788493859473

‎Keeling, Stephen/ Foster, Simon‎

‎TAIWAN - TAIWAN‎

‎Feltrinelli 2016. Paperback. New. Italian language. 7.80x5.12x0.87 inches. Feltrinelli paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 2-8807713535 ISBN : 8807713535 9788807713538

‎STEVIN, Simon‎

‎Problematum geometricorum . libri V.‎

‎Antwerp: Jean Bellère 1583. First edition. <p>First edition very rare of the principal geometrical work by Stevin "perhaps the most original man of science of the second half of the sixteenth century" Sarton; this highly original work is his only publication in Latin and his second-published work after the Tables of Interest. "He was involved in geometry algebra arithmetic pioneering a system of decimals dynamics and statics almost all branches of engineering and the theory of music" Kemp.</p>. HIS PRINCIPAL WORK IN GEOMETRY. <p>First edition very rare of the principal geometrical work by Stevin "perhaps the most original man of science of the second half of the sixteenth century" Sarton p. 242; this highly original work is his only publication in Latin and his second-published work after the Tables of Interest. "He was involved in geometry algebra arithmetic pioneering a system of decimals dynamics and statics almost all branches of engineering and the theory of music" Kemp p. 113. "Stevin unconditionally supported the Copernican system several years before Galileo and at a time when few other scientists could bring themselves to do likewise" DSB XIII: 48. "Not the least important part of Stevin's geometrical work is formed by his study of the convex semi-regular polyhedral of the first species i.e. convex polyhedra whose faces are regular polygons not all equal and similar to each other while the solid angles at the vertices are equal and similar to each other without being regular . Besides the regular polyhedra and the semi-regular polyhedra of the first species in the Problemata geometrica Stevin deals with the five so-called augmented polyhedra which are produced if on each of the faces of a regular polyhedron as base is erected a regular pyramid whose slant edges are equal to the edges of the base" Dijksterhuis pp. 43-45. "Stevin was among the first Renaissance men to study Archimedes with a certain amount of independence. In the Problemata he took some problems he had found in Archimedes' On the Sphere and Cylinder and generalized them somewhat; this gave him an opportunity to apply the methods given by Eutocius for the construction of the two mean proportionals between two lines: a : x = x : y = y : b a problem which cannot be solved by means of compass and straightedge alone" Works IIa pp. 6-7. The work is divided into five books: "Book I. Division of polygons a by a line passing through a point of the perimeter or b by a parallel to one of the sides. Book II. Application of the regula falsi to mensurations. Book III. Regular polyhedra and semi-regular polyhedra which can be inscribed in a sphere. Book IV. Construction of a solid similar to another and equal in volume to a third. Book V. Construction of a solid similar to two others and equal in volume to their sum or difference" Sarton pp. 248-249. ABPC/RBH list only two copies since Honeyman both in modern bindings.</p> <br /> <p>"Stevin's contributions to geometry illustrate the fundamental position of Euclid's Elements in the work of sixteenth-century mathematicians. The Elements were their main source of reference to which they constantly returned for knowledge method and inspiration. The typically 'Greek' reasoning of Euclid which was also basic to the demonstrations of Apollonius and Archimedes geometrical to the core was an essential element in the mathematical thinking of sixteenth-century Europe.</p> <br /> <p>"This Greek influence was gradually undermined by the adaptation of the arithmetical-algebraic methods traditional in the Orient which reached Europe almost entirely through authors originally writing in the Arabic language. Stevin's Tables of Interest present a good example of how the practice of life itself compelled mathematicians to become proficient in these methods. On a higher theoretical level we see the same influence at work in Stevin's Arithmétique. Even the Problemata Geometrica though fundamentally a series of papers based on the 'Greek' approach shows the influence of the Arabic tradition in several places.</p> <br /> <p>"Several printed editions of the Elements existed in Stevin's days. One of Stevin's favourites was the Latin edition by Clavius the Jesuit astronomer at the Vatican. It was a thorough piece of work first published in 1574 consisting of two volumes in a rather handy quarto size. It had the advantage of introducing the reader to related work by other mathematicians explained in Scholia to the text. Other books used by Stevin in preparing his Problemata were Dürer's Underweysung of 1525 and Commandinus' Latin edition of the principal works of Archimedes of 1558.</p> <br /> <p>"The Problemata consists of five books each with a topic of its own. The first book after an introduction on proportions of lines solves problems concerning the division of polygons into parts of a given ratio. The second book contains the application of the so-called regula falsi to certain constructions or in other words shows how certain constructions can be performed with the aid of similarity of figures. In the third book we find Stevin's studies on regular and semi-regular polyhedra. The fourth book deals with the construction of a polyhedron of a given volume similar to a given polyhedron the fifth book with the construction of a polyhedron similar to two similar polyhedra and equal to either their sum or their difference. While the first and second books are based on Euclid the third is based on Dürer; the last two are the result of Stevin's study of Archimedes.</p> <br /> <p>"The first book opens with a classification of ratios and proportions based on the fifth book of Euclid's Elements. This classification in its attempt to give special names to particular proportions strikes us as clumsy and pedantic but Stevin merely followed an ancient tradition. All this labelling was fundamentally due to a serious desire to understand Euclid though it was encumbered with relics from the works of medieval Latinists .</p> <br /> <p>"The next part consists of the application of this theory of proportions to the problem of the division of figures into parts of a given ratio. Stevin found an example of this problem in an appendix by Clavius to the 6th book of the Elements where it is shown how to divide a triangle into two parts in a given ratio by a line passing through a point on a side. This was not however an original idea of Clavius. As he sets forth himself in the Prolegomena to his translation he found the problem in a book published by Commandinus and John Dee in 1570 which he says though ascribed to a certain Mahomed of Bagdad may have been Euclid's book on Divisions. Stevin who did not know this book took Clavius' problem and discussed aspects of it in his first set of three problems. Then he himself added five more problems which he thought to be novel. All eight problems deal with the division of polygons in a given ratio either by a line through a vertex or by a line through a point on a side or by a line parallel to a side . Stevin's work was excellent enough to be preferred by Clavius who in 1604 praised his treatment of the division of figures above the others .</p> <br /> <p>"The second book of the Problemata contains problems involving the so-called 'regula falsi' the rule of the false supposition. It is a device to solve problems leading to the linear equation ax = b by first substituting for x an arbitrary number x = x0; if ax0 = b0 then x : x0 = b : b0and x is found by means of proportion . The device also functions for problems which lead to an equation of the form ax b = c . In the Problemata Stevin introduces this 'regula falsi' in accordance with his desire to bring about as close a relation as possible between arithmetical and geometrical proportions. Applying the 'regula falsi' to problems in geometry he has to consider proportions and this amounts to the solution of certain geometrical problems by means of similarity. If for instance Ex. 11 we have to construct a square when the difference between diagonal and side is given we start with any square this is the false supposition determine for this square the difference between diagonal and side and then find the side of the required square by means of a proportion. All that Stevin now requires is Euclid's theory of proportions which he finds in Books V and VI of the Elements. </p> <br /> <p>"The third book is by far the most interesting part of the Problemata. It contains a theory not only of the regular solids but also of certain semi-regular solids and of polyhedra Stevin calls 'augmented regular solids'. All Stevin had to go by was Euclid's Elements Book XIII the so-called XIVth XVth and XVIth books which Clavius also had translated and Dürer's Underweysung der Rechnung mit dem Zirckel und Richtscheyt of 1525. From Euclid-Clavius Stevin obtained his information on the five regular solids from Dürer the method of obtaining semi-regular solids as well as the regular ones by paper-folding. To understand these different achievements we shall denote a polyhedron with m faces which are regular polygons of a sides n faces which are regular polygons of b sides etc. by ma nb . Then the five regular solids are the tetrahedron 43 the cube 64 octahedron 83 the dodecahedron 125 and the icosahedron 203. A semi-regular solid or as Stevin calls it a 'truncated regular solid' is defined Def. 11 as a solid inscribed in a sphere of which all the solid angles are equal of which the faces are regular polygons which are not all congruent and of which all the edges are equal. Dürer had the models of seven such solids: 43 46 83 68 64 83 86 64 184 83 64 326 68 86 124. Dürer had two more models but one of these 64 123 has some isosceles i.e. not regular triangles while the other 612 323 as Stevin showed is impossible as a closed polyhedron.</p> <br /> <p>"Stevin reconstructed these solids not only from plane diagrams by folding but also by finding the method by which these solids are generated by cutting off truncating parts of the regular solids. He found three types not described by Dürer . the additional solids 203 125 1210 203 and 206 125. He was one of the first if not the first in Renaissance days to find all these ten .</p> <br /> <p>"The third book of the Problemata also contains a description of what Stevin called 'augmented regular solids'. These are polyhedra obtained by placing on top of each face of a regular polyhedron as base a pyramid with equal edges. Stevin lists all five of them. He was led to the consideration of these solids by a discovery of Frans Cophart leader of the Collegium Musicum at Leiden. Cophart had taken a cube and cut out twelve tetrahedra each having the end points of an edge and the midpoints of the faces through this edge as vertices. The solid thus obtained by 'faceting' the cube is what is now called the stella octangula; it is bounded by twenty-four congruent equilateral triangles. Cophart had claimed it as a sixth regular solid.</p> <br /> <p>"Stevin while admiring the discovery had to deny this claim. He pointed out that the vertices of Cophart's solid do not all lie on one sphere but are distributed on two spheres six on one sphere and eight on a concentric one. At the same time he discovered another construction of the solid by starting not from a cube and then faceting it but from an octahedron and then 'augmenting' it by placing a regular tetrahedron on each face with this face as base. He now saw that this procedure could be applied to all regular bodies and in this way he obtained four new polyhedra.</p> <br /> <p>"Of all these five solids of Stevin we only call the stella octangula a regular star-polyhedron. The reason is that regular star-polyhedra are obtained from the regular polyhedra by the process of 'stellating' i.e. by producing the planes of the faces and allowing non-adjacent faces to intersect in such a way that the faces of the new solid are regular star-polygons polygons obtained by allowing non-adjacent sides of regular polygons to intersect. This procedure does not yield a new body in the case of the regular tetrahedron and the cube but gives us the stella octangula in the case of the regular octahedron. We also obtain regular star-polyhedra by stellating the regular dodecahedron and icosahedron; for each of these solids we obtain two possible star-polyhedra. But whereas these four bodies are single the stella octangula is found to be the intersection of two regular tetrahedra. We may thus speak of nine regular solids: five ordinary Platonic and four stellated ones .</p> <br /> <p>"The fourth and fifth books of the Problemata Geometrica present Stevin to us as a student of Archimedes. The editio princeps of Archimedes' works had appeared at Basle in 1544; it contained not only the original Greek text and a Latin translation but also the precious commentaries of Eutocius again both in Greek and in Latin. Another useful though limited edition was the Latin translation of five of Archimedes' treatises with Eutocius' commentary on one of them prepared by Commandinus and published in 1558. Stevin quotes Commandinus' edition but he must also have known the editio princeps since he shows himself to be acquainted with material which is to be found in the publication of 1544 but not in that of 1558.</p> <br /> <p>"Archimedes in the book On the Sphere and Cylinder the book in which he determines the area and the volume of the sphere solves some problems which involve the finding of the two mean proportionals between two given lines. An example is formed by the problem: 'given two spherical segments to find a third segment similar to the one and having its volume equal to that of the other'; another example consists in the problem of finding a sphere equal in volume to a given cone or cylinder . Moreover in Commandinus' edition though it does not contain the book On the Sphere and Cylinder with its commentaries there are several problems which belong to the same group. The first is the problem: 'Given any two cones or cylinders to find a third cone or cylinder equal in volume to the first and similar to the second' .</p> <br /> <p>"Stevin in his fourth book casts the problem into its general form: 'Given two solids S1 S2 to find a third solid equal to S1 and similar to S2 . Stevin uses the general term 'solid' then makes use of the theorem that any solid can be changed into a cone of equal volume; he actually applies the theorem to . polyhedra circular cones cylinders and to segments of cones. Stevin shows for instance how a spherical segment can be changed into a cone with equal base .</p> <br /> <p>"Stevin's procedure is as follows: a he changes S1 into a circular cone C1 and S2 into a circular cone C2; b he then changes C1 into a cone C1' of the same altitude as C2; c he then constructs a cone C3 similar to C2 and equal to C1'; d he then changes C3 into an equal solid S reversing the process by which S was changed into C2. The steps a b d only involve ordinary proportions step c involves the construction of two mean proportionals; for this purpose Stevin mentions Hero's construction on which Eutocius reports.</p> <br /> <p>". in the last book of the Problemata Stevin solved another problem leading to two mean proportionals between two lines which appears to be a new one. Given two similar solids S1 and S2S1 > S2 Stevin asked to find a solid similar to S1 and S2 and equal to a the sum of b the difference between S1 and S2. The problem was again solved by reducing the solids to circular cones" Works IIa pp. 121-130.</p> <br /> <p>The Problematum geometricorum was not included in Stevin's collected works Hypomnemata mathematica 1605 of which the second volume was devoted to geometry. "This work is different from the Problemata geometrica and inferior to it; it is also a collection of geometrical problems but it is not arranged as logically as the former; it was chiefly made to complete the Prince's geometrical training" Sarton p. 261.</p> <br /> <p>Adams S1858. Crone et al. eds. The Principal Works of Simon Stevin five vols. in six 1955-66; Dijksterhuis Simon Stevin Science in the Netherlands around 1600 1970; Kemp The Science of Art 1990; Sarton 'Simon Stevin of Bruges 1548-1620' Isis 21 1934 pp. 241-303.</p> <br/> <br/> 4to 200 x 157 mm pp. 4 5-118 1 with woodcut printer's device on title numerous woodcut diagrams in text and errata on recto of last leaf. Contemporary limp vellum with remains of ties hole in upper part of spine probably due to insect damage f. I2 with several tiny tears in gutter without loss. A very good unrestored copy. Jean Bellère unknown‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 4928

‎SIMON, JACQUELINE AL‎

‎A Century of Artist Letters: Notes to Family Friends & Dealers: Delacroix to Leger Hardcover Simon Jacqueline Albert‎

‎SCHIFFER PUBLISHING LTD 2004-01-01. Hardcover. New. 0x0x0. SCHIFFER PUBLISHING LTD hardcover‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 0764319345_new ISBN : 0764319345 9780764319341

‎Simon Wilson; Ian Cumming‎

‎Psychiatry in Prisons: A Comprehensive Handbook Forensic Focus Cumming Ian; Wilson Simon; Parrott Janet; Evans Ceri; Scott Charles; Pyszora Natalie; Milner Rebecca; Taylor Richard; Ndegwa David; McDermott Barbara; Fotiadou Maria; Podmore John; Adshead Dr Gwen; Sullivan Danny; Romilly Crystal; Crighton David; Towl Graham; Grubin Donald; Stone Huw; Tighe James; Xenitidis Kiriakos; Morris Mark; Withecomb Julie; Walker Julian; Brinded Phil; Chhabra Preeti; Dhar Raj; Laing-Morton Tish; Forrester Andrew; Brown Gabrielle; Yakeley Jessica and Fazel Seena‎

‎Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2009-10-15. Paperback. Like New. 0x0x0. Jessica Kingsley Publishers paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 1843102234_used ISBN : 1843102234 9781843102236

‎Simon, Dennis J‎

‎Supervision in School Psychology: The Developmental Ecological Problem-solving Model Consultation Supervision and Professional Learning in School Psychology Series‎

‎paperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 1138121533.G ISBN : 1138121533 9781138121539

‎Watson, Simon R‎

‎Christ Creation and the Fall: Discerning Human Purpose from an Evolving Nature‎

‎hardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 1978710925.G ISBN : 1978710925 9781978710924

‎Simon, Neil‎

‎Jake's Women: A Play‎

‎Random House 1994 First printing of the stated first edition. Signed by Neil Simon directly on the half-title page; presentation copy from Simon to four time Emmy winning director Glenn Jordan: "To Glenn / Even if we didn't / make a movie this time / would have been great. / It would upset me very / much if we didn't do this / at least another dozen times. / That's a 'proposal.' / Love-- / Neil Simon." A tiny bump to upper corner else book and dust jacket in fine condition. Neil Simon is the recipient of three Tony Awards for Best Play and the 1991 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Random House hardcover‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : 022738 ISBN : 0679430199 9780679430193

‎Barefoot, Simon‎

‎Cambridge IGCSE Espaol como Primera Lengua Libro del Alumno: Hodder Education Group‎

‎Hodder Education 2020-08-25. Student. paperback. New. 8.35x0.55x10.79. Buy with confidence. Excellent Customer Service & Return policy. Hodder Education paperback‎

Referenz des Buchhändlers : DADAX1510478531 ISBN : 1510478531 9781510478534