‎Chimie‎

‎"BERZELIUS, J. JACOB.‎

‎Lehrbuch der Chemie. Nach des Verfassers Schwedischer Bearbeitung der Blöde-Palmstedt'schen Auflage übersetzt von F. Wöhler. 1. Band, Erste Abth.‎

‎Dresden, Arnoldischen Buchhandlung, 1825. Cont. hcalf. Gilt back. Back slightly rubbed. Stamp on title. XVIII,442 pp. and 3 folded engraved plates. Internally fine and clean, printed on goos paper.‎

‎"BERZELIUS, JAC.‎

‎Sur la Maniere d'analyser les mines de nickel, et sur une nouvelle combinaison du nickel avec l'arsenic et le soufre.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1818). Without wrappers as extracted from ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, par Gay-Lussac et Arago"", Tome 9, pp. 113-151(misnumbered as 213-251).‎

‎"BERZELIUS, JÖNS JACOB. - ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTENT WORKS IN THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY- GERMAN VERSION.‎

‎Versuch, die bestimmten und einfachen Verhältnisse anzufinden, nach welchen die Bestandtheile der unorganischen Natur mit einander verbunden sind. Erste Hälfte. (+) Zweite Hälfte. (+) Erste Fortsetzung des Versuchs, die bestimmten...(+) Zweite Fortse...‎

‎Halle, Rengerschen Buchhandlung, 1811, 1811, 1812. Without wrappers as published in ""Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 37, Drittes u. Viertes Stück + Bd. 38, Sechtes Stück + Bd. 40, Zweites u. Drittes Stück. The entire issues offered (5 issues). With titlepage to vol. 37, 38 a. 40. Pp. 233-480 a. 3 engraved plates., pp. 121-236 a. 2 engraved plates., pp. 117-348 a. 1 engraved plate. Berzelius's papers: pp. 249-337 a. 415-472.- Pp. 161-226. - Pp. 162-208 a. 235-330..‎

‎"BERZELIUS, JÖNS JACOB. - THE INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY INTRODUCED.‎

‎Experiments on the Nature of Azote, of Hydrogen, and of Ammonia, and upon the Degrees of Oxidation of which Azote is susceptible.‎

‎London, Robert Baldwin, 1813. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Marbled boards. Spine lacks and boards loose. In: ""Annals of Philosophy" " or Magazine of Chemistry, Mineralogy, Mechanics... By Thomas Thomson"". Vol. II. - VIII,480 pp. a. 7 plates. (Entire volume offered). Berzelius' paper: pp. 276-284, 357-368. Some browning and brownspots to plates.‎

‎"BIRINGUCCIO, VANOCCIO.‎

‎La Pyrothecnie, ov Art dv Fev, contenant dix Livres. Avs Qvels est amplement traicté de toutes sortes & diuersité de minieres, fusions & separations de metaux: des formes & moules pour ietter artilleries, cloches & toutes autres figures: distillations...‎

‎A Rouen, Iacques Cailloüe, 1627. 4to. Cont. full vellum. Spine w. a gilt green title-label. Title-page lightly browned and with a small rubberstamp. A few marginal dampstains. One leaf repaired in a corner. A fine, well preserved copy (4), (456), (4) pp. Having 84 large woodcut-illustrations in the text (each ab. 1/3 page large), showing apparatus and equipment for chemistry, mining, fireworks, metallurgy etc.‎

‎Fourth French edition of this much-quoted work, mainly dealing with metallurgy (as the title in 16th-century Italian meant metallurgy) and all sorts of combustible materials, including fireworks e.g.: chapter IX, The Manner of compounding various incendiary compositions which are commonly called fireworks, chapter X, Methods of preparing fireworks called Girondoles, which were once customarily used in some Tuscan cities for magnificent displays for public Festivities on Solomon Feast Days. ""Biringuccio's reputation derives from a single work, his Pirotechnica, published in 1540...As the first comprehensive account of the fire-using arts to be printed, the Pirotechnica is a prime source of many practical aspects of inorganic chemistry. Biringuccio emphasizes the adaptation of minerals and metals to use - their alloying, working, and especially the art of casting, of which he writes in great detail. The Pirotechnia contains eighty three woodcuts, the most useful being those depicting furnaces for distillation, bellows, mechanisms, and devices for boring cannon and drawing wire."" (DBS II:142). - Chris Philip. A Bibliography of Firework Books. B 110.‎

书商的参考编号 : 26606

‎"BIRINGUCCIO, VANOCCIO.‎

‎La Pyrothecnie, ov Art dv Fev, contenant dix Livres. Avs Qvels est amplement traicté de toutes sortes & diuersité de minieres, fusions & separations de metaux: des formes & moules pour ietter artilleries, cloches & toutes autres figures: distillations...‎

‎A Rouen, Iacques Cailloüe, 1627. 4to. Cont. full vellum. Spine w. a gilt green title-label. Title-page lightly browned and with a small rubberstamp. A few marginal dampstains. One leaf repaired in a corner. A fine, well preserved copy (4), (456), (4) pp. Having 84 large woodcut-illustrations in the text (each ab. 1/3 page large), showing apparatus and equipment for chemistry, mining, fireworks, metallurgy etc.‎

‎"BLANQUART-ÈVRARD, (LOUIS-DESIRE). - PHOTOGRAPHIC ""GLASS-PICTURES"".‎

‎Recherches photographiques.‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1849. 4to. Without wrappers. In ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 29, No 8. Pp. (193-) 224. (Entire issue offered). Blanquart-Evrard's paper: pp. 215-217.‎

‎"BROWN, ROBERT. - THE DISCOVERY OF ""BROWNIAN MOTION""‎

‎Mikroskopische Beobachtungen über die im Pollen der Pflanzen enthaltenen Partikeln, und über das allgemeine Vorkommen activer Molecüle in organischen und unorganischen Körpern"" (Unterdem Titel: ""A brief Account of Microscopical Observations made in th...‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1828. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 14, Zweites Stück. (=Jahrgang 1828, zehntes Stück). Pp. 191-306 a. 3 engraved plates. (the entire issue offered (Heft 2) together with the titlepage to 14. Band). Brown's paper: pp. 294-313. Clean and fine. Small stamp on verso of titlepage.‎

‎First appearance in German of this monumental paper in atomic theory and kinematics, as it was the first evidence for atomism that was an observation rather than a deduction from abstract principles.""In 1827 as he was viewing a suspension of pollen in Water under the microscope, he noted that the individual grains were moving about irregularly. This, he thought, was the result of the life hidden within the pollen grains. However, when he studied dye particles (indubitably nin-livin) suspended in water, he found the same erratic motion. This has been called ""Brownian motion"" ever since and Brown could merely report on the observation. He had no explanation for it. Nor had anyone else until the development of the kinetic theory of gases by men such as Maxwell a generation later. It seemed plain. after Maxwell and especially after the work of Einstein and Perrin a half century after Maxwell, that the Brownian Motion was actually a visible effect of the fact that water was composed of particles. It was the first evidence for atomism that was an observation rather than a deduction."" (Asimov).The issue contains other importent papers by C.. Naumann, G. Magnus, Th. Saussure ""Kohlensäuregas in der Atmosphäre"" andothers.PMM: 290 (the English paper from 1828) - Sparrow, Milestones of Science No 31. - Magie ""A Source Book in Physics p. 251-255. - Dibner, Heralds of Science No 156.‎

书商的参考编号 : 43318

‎"BRAVAIS, (AUGUSTE). - INTRODUCING ""BRAVAIS LATTICE""‎

‎Sur les propriétés géométriques des assemblages de points régulièrement distribués dans l'éspace.‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1848 4to. No wrappers. In ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 27, No 24. Pp. (593-) 616. (Entire issue offered). Bravais' paper: pp. 601-604.‎

‎Frst appearance of a landmark paper in crystallography and mathematics as Bravais here begins his rechearches of the rotations and translations of crystals into themselves, and he thereby, in this process, advanced the studies of both crystalline structure and of group theory.""Bravais Lattice is a type of spatial crystal lattice first described by the French scientist A. Bravais in 1848. Bravais expressed the hypothesis that spatial crystal lattices are constructed of regularly spaced node-points (where the atoms are located) that can be obtained by repeating a given point by means of parallel transpositions (translations). When straight lines and planes are constructed through these points, the spatial lattice becomes divided into equal parallelepipeds (cells). There are a total of 14 types of such lattices, by which the structure of any crystal can be described in the first approximation.""(The Free Dictionary).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1848 C/M.‎

书商的参考编号 : 47229

‎"BRACONNOT, HENRI. - THE FIRST ISOLATION OF GLYCINE AND LEUCINE.‎

‎Mémoire sur la Conversion des matières animales en nouvelles substances par le moyen de l'acide sulfurique.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1820).. No wrappers. Extracted from: Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", Series 2, Tome 13. Pp. 113-125.‎

‎"BRODIE, B.C. - THE ATOMIC DEBATE IN CHEMISTRY. - ""BOOLEAN CHEMISTRY""‎

‎The Calculus of Chemical Operations" " being a Method for the Investigation, by means of Symbols, of the Laws of the Distribution of Weight in Chemical Change. Received April 25, Read May 3, 1866. Part I-II. (I. On the Construction of Chemical Symbols. ...‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1866 a. 1877. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", Vol. 156 - Part II a. vol. 167 - Part I. Pp. 781-859 a. pp. 35-116. Clean and fine.‎

‎"BUCH, LEOPOLD von. (+) POISSON, (SIMÉON-DENIS).‎

‎Lettre de M. Léopold de Buch à M. A. de Humboldt, renfermant de Tableau géologique de la Partie Mériodinale du Tyrol. (+) Sur la Chaleur des Gaz et des vapeurs. - [THE MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF HEAT - POISSON'S ISENTROPE.]‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1823. 8vo. In a bit later half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 23. Entire volume offered. No institutional stamps. (Buch's paper: pp. 276-304). (Poisson's paper:) pp. 337-352. (The entire issue:) 448 pp. + 2 plates.‎

‎First printing of this important geological survey and description of the Alphs with the first geological mapping of the area.""His (von Buch's) explorations in the southern Alps had suggested to Buch that the towering heigh of the Dolomites might be the result of upheaval, for which he thought the active agent in porphyry, including monozite. he concluded that the magnesia in which this rock is rich would also have been active in transforming the original limestone into dolomite. Buch thus came to vizualize great subterranean activities...""(DSB II, p. 555). _____________________ First appearance of Poisson's important paper on the mathematical treatment of ""specific heats"".""In ""Sur la chaleur des gaz et des vapeurs,"" published in August 1823 in Annales de chimie et de physique, Poisson developed ideas published four months before by Laplace in Book XII of Mécanique céleste. Poisson introduced all the precautions needed to render the confused notion of quantity of heat susceptible to mathematical analysis. He called quantity of heat the magnitude that characterizes the transition of a given mass of gas from an arbitrary initial state of temperature and pressure to another state. This definition makes more abstract the quantitative aspect that naturally follows from the concept of heat as a caloric fluid. Poisson could thus deal comfortably with this magnitude, since for him it is simply a function q of p, p, and ø (pressure, density, and temperature). The equation of state p= ap(1+aø) was already classic, and the growing acceptance of the notions of specific heats, at constant pressure and constant volume, allowed him to write the simple partial differential equation of which should be the integral. He also showed that independently of any additional hypothesis, and whatever the arbitray function used in the integration, the adiabatic transformations (the term did not yet exist) correspond to the formulas p · py = constant and (?+266.67)·p1y= constant, y being the ratio of the specific heats, assumed constant.""(DSB).‎

书商的参考编号 : 60068

‎"BUNSEN, ROBERT & HENRY E. ROSCOE. - THE LAWS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL ACTION.‎

‎Photo-chemical Researches. - Part IV. Received May 26 - Read May 26, 1859.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1860). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1859 - Vol. 149 - Part II. Pp. 879-926. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance in English of a classic paper in the investigations of chemical reactions produced by lightrays. Their joined work - from 1855-59 - founded scientific photochemistry, by determining the phenomena of induction, deduction and extinction. They found that the beginning of light reaction takes place at first very slowly and that the velocity increases gradually until it attains a constant value, observing also that steam accelerates the action and that air retards it. They also gave proofs of the ""Law of Reciprocity‎

书商的参考编号 : 42633

‎"BUCQUET, (JEAN BAPTISTE MICHEL).‎

‎Premier Mémoire sur plusieurs Combinaisons salines de L'Arsenic. (Presenté en 1772).‎

‎(Paris, Moutard, Panckoucke, 1780). 4to. Extract from ""Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans"", Tome IX. Pp. 643-672.‎

‎""In a memoir on arsenic (the paper offered) he described the preparation of crystalline arsenic acid (nitre d'arsenic) from a solution made by boiling arsenious oxide with nitric acid, and showed that it formed with potash the same salt (potassium arsenate) as Macquer had obtained by heating arsenious oxide with nitre.""(Partington III, p. 103).‎

书商的参考编号 : 45005

‎"BUCH, LEOPOLD von. (+) POISSON, (SIMÉON-DENIS).‎

‎Lettre de M. Léopold de Buch à M. A. de Humboldt, renfermant de Tableau géologique de la Partie Mériodinale du Tyrol. (+) Sur la Chaleur des Gaz et des vapeurs. - [THE MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF HEAT - POISSON'S ISENTROPE.]‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1823. 8vo. In a bit later half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 23. Entire volume offered. No institutional stamps. (Buch's paper: pp. 276-304). (Poisson's paper:) pp. 337-352. (The entire issue:) 448 pp. + 2 plates.‎

‎"BUCQUET, (JEAN BAPTISTE MICHEL).‎

‎Premier Mémoire sur plusieurs Combinaisons salines de L'Arsenic. (Presenté en 1772).‎

‎(Paris, Moutard, Panckoucke, 1780). 4to. Extract from ""Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans"", Tome IX. Pp. 643-672.‎

‎"BUNSEN, ROBERT & HENRY E. ROSCOE. - THE LAWS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL ACTION.‎

‎Photo-chemical Researches. - Part IV. Received May 26 - Read May 26, 1859.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1860). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1859 - Vol. 149 - Part II. Pp. 879-926. Clean and fine.‎

‎"BÉGUYER DE CHANCOURTOIS, (ALEXANDRE-ÈMILE). - THE TELLURIC HELIX - A PERIODIC TABLE FORERUNNER.‎

‎Mémoire sur un classement naturel des corps simples ou radicaux appelé vis tellurique. (7 Avril 1862). (+) Mémoire sur un classement naturel.... addition au Mémoire... du 7 Avril... (+) Sur un classement naturel des corps simples.... addition au Mémoi...‎

‎Paris, Mallet-Bachelier, 1862. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 54, No 13, No 15 a. No 17. Pp. (749- 772, pp. (806-) 868 a. pp. (941-) 992. And vol. 55, No 15. Pp. (583-) 631. (4 entire issues offered). With htitle and titlepage to vol. 54. Titlepage with a stamp in upper corner of titlepage on verso, shown on recto. Béguyer de Chancourtois's papers: pp. 757-761, 840-843, pp. 967-971 and pp. 600-601.‎

‎"CAILLETET, M.L. - THE PROCESS OF LIQUEFACTION OF OXYGEN AND OTHER GASES INVENTED.‎

‎Recherches sur la Liquèfaction des Gaz.‎

‎(Paris, G. Masson, 1878). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 5e Series - Tome 15, Cahier Septembre 1878. Pp. 5-144. (Entire issue offered). Cailletet's paper: pp. 132-144, textillustrations of apparatus used.‎

‎First appearance of a milestonepaper in chemistry in which Cailletet describes his invention of the liquedifaction-process of oxygen and 5 other gases - and a classic in Low-Temperature Chemistry.""Cailletet is most famous for his investigations on the compression and liquefaction of gases. At the time there were still six gases that were considered permanen: oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, nitrogen dioxyde, acrbon monooxide, and acetylene. Liquefaction had not been achieved despite the use of what were considered ernomous pressures. At the end of 1877 and the beginning of 1878 Callitet liquefied all these gases shortly before Raoul Pictet, who employed a completely different procedure. Cailletet had, following Andrews, recognized the importence of the critical temperature, above which liquefaction of a gas does not take place. In order to produce the necessary ccoling, he had recourse to expansion, sometimes employing several expansions in a staged process. It was in this manner that he succeeded in liquefying oxygen by beginning with liquid ethylene and passing through the stage of liquid methane.""(DSB III, pp. 11-12). Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1877 C.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44230

‎"CHENEVIX, RICHARD. - A PAPER CAUSING A SCANDAL.‎

‎Enquiries concerning the Nature of a metallic Substance lately sold in London, as a new Metal, under the Title of Palladium. read May 12, 1803.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1803). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1803 - Part II. Pp.290-320. A few faint brownspots to margins.‎

‎First printing of this controversial paper in the history of chemistry.""In 1803 an anonymous handbill was circulated among British scientists. It announced the isolation of a new chemical element, palladium or ""new silver"", and offered the metal for sale. Chenevix, believing the announcement to be a fraud, purchased the whole stock. He set about analyzing it with the preconceived notion that it was an alloy of platinum and mercury. After a series of laborious experiments, he concluded that palladium was in fact an amalgam of platinum made in some peculier way. His report to the Royal Society (the paper offered) caused a sensation. Not long after, Wollaston read to the society a paper in which he declared himself the author of the handbill and the discoverer of two new elements in crude platinum ore - namely, palladium and rhodium. About 1804, with his scientific reputation badly damaged, Chenevix left England and went to France, where he lived for the remainder of his life.""(DSB III, p. 232).A paper by Thomas Andrew Knight is printed together with Chenevix' paper: ""Account of some Experiments on the Sescent of the Sap in Trees."", pp. 277-289 a. 1 engraved plate.‎

书商的参考编号 : 42943

‎"CHRUSTSCHOFF, K. VON. [KONSTANTIN DMITRIEVICH KHRUSHCHOV].‎

‎Über Holokrystalline Makrovariolithische Gesteine.‎

‎St. Petersbourg, l'Academie Imperiale des sciences, 1894. Small folio. Uncut in the original printed wrappers. In ""Mémoires L'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg"", VII series, 1894. Warppers with several nicks (not affecting text) and soiling. Stamp to top right corner of front wrappers. Internally fine and clean. 244 pp. + 3 plates.‎

‎First edition.‎

书商的参考编号 : 50789

‎"CHENEVIX, RICHARD. - A PAPER CAUSING A SCANDAL.‎

‎Enquiries concerning the Nature of a metallic Substance lately sold in London, as a new Metal, under the Title of Palladium. read May 12, 1803.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1803). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1803 - Part II. Pp.290-320. A few faint brownspots to margins.‎

‎"CLAUSIUS, R. (RUDOLF). - AVOGADRO'S HYPOTHESIS CONFIRMED AND EVAPORATION EXPLAINED.‎

‎Ueber die Art der Bewegung, welche wir Wärme nennen.‎

‎(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1857). Without wrappers in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Vierte Reihe Bd.10, Stück 3 (= Poggendorff Bd. 100, No. 3). Pp. 353-480 a. 1 plates (the entire ""Heft"" (Stück) 3 offered). Clausius's paper: pp. 353-380. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of a milestone paper in the Kinetic Theory of Gases in which Clausius gives the physical explanation for the evaporation of a liquid and presents the first physical argument in support of Avogadro's hypothesis that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.""In the paper ""Ueber die Art der Bewegung, welche wir Wärme nennen."", Rudolf Clausius (1822-1888) established mathematically that the heat in a gas cannot be accounted for exclusively by translational motion of the molecules and asserts that molecules have rotational and vibratiional motion as well as translational motion. He consequently rejects the contentions the the translational kinetic energy is conserved during molecular collisions and that all molecules have equal, constant velocities. His allowancee for differing molecule velocities enables him to offer a new explanation of evaporation, asserting that he molecules able to overcome the attractive forces of the liquid and ""escape"" to the gaseous state are those with high velocities (and hence high kinetic energies). hence evaporation produces a loss of energy in the liquid and a decreasein temperature.""(Parkinson in ""Breakthroughs"", 1857 C/P).""This 1857 paper (the paper offered) also marked another importent beginning in physical theory, for it presented the first physical argument in support of Avogadro's hypothesis that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules. Clausius argued that if it were assumed that all types of molecules possess the same translational energy at equal temperatures, then, since all gases have the same relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature, they would necessartly contain equal numbers of molecules in equal volumes at the same temperatur and pressure. Avogadro's hypothesis, therefore, found support in the mechanical theory of heat, independently of the usual chemical arguments.""(DSB III, p. 307).‎

书商的参考编号 : 43060

‎"CLAUSIUS, R. (RUDOLF). - AVOGADRO'S HYPOTHESIS CONFIRMED AND EVAPORATION EXPLAINED.‎

‎Ueber die Art der Bewegung, welche wir Wärme nennen.‎

‎(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1857). Without wrappers in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Vierte Reihe Bd.10, Stück 3 (= Poggendorff Bd. 100, No. 3). Pp. 353-480 a. 1 plates (the entire ""Heft"" (Stück) 3 offered). Clausius's paper: pp. 353-380. Clean and fine.‎

‎"COUPER, A. - S.(ARCHIBALD SCOTT). - INTRODUCING A NEW ERA IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Sur une nouvelle Théorie cimique. (Note présentée par M.Dumas).‎

‎(Paris, Mallet-Bachelier), 1858. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 46, No 24. Pp. (1121-) 1173 (entire issue offered). Couper's paper: pp. 1157-1160. A faint dampstain to right margins.‎

‎First appearance of this milestone announcement in organic chemistry - a longer memoir was published in ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"" later in the same year, 1858 - in which, independently of Kekulé, Couper introduces the CONCEPT OF BONDS (represented as a dash or a dotted line) in chemistry and also observes the very importent fact, that carbon atoms forms the backbone of organic compounds.""It was not till 1858 that a satisfactory theory of molecular constitution was advanced, simultaneously and endependently, by thwo young chemists, Friedrich August Kekulé and Archibald Scott Couper. The theory of molecular constitution put foreward....by Couper and Kekulé rested on two main postulates, the quadriivalency of carbon,....and the capacity of the carbon atom for mutual linking or combining together to form a carbon ""chain"". By this hypothesis of the mutual linking together of carbon atoms - which waslater confirmed by experiment - it was possible to explain the formation of organic compounds containing a large number of carbon atoms. On the foundation of their postulates two postulates, moreover, (they) showed how the molecular constitution or mutual linking together of the atoms of a compound could be represented diagrammatically and the relstions between different compounds made readily intelligible. In his classic paper ""On a New Chemical Theory"" (the paper offered here in its first appearance) advanced beyond Kekulé by representing the constitutions of the compounds by means of GRAPHIC FORMULA in which, as at the present day, the valencies pf the atoms are represented by lines....his formulae are similar to those at present in use...""(Findlay pp. 34 ff)""The theory of Kekulé and Couper gave the chemists the maeans of solving the problems of chemical constitution"" and by means of the graphic or constitutional formulae it became possible to represent the molecular constitution of known compounds and to foresee the possible existence of isomeric compounds.""(Findlay).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1858 C.‎

书商的参考编号 : 47569