‎Química‎

‎DAVY, HUMPHRY - PROVING THAT CHLORINE IS AN ELEMENT.‎

‎Researches on the oxymuriatic Acid, its Nature and Combinations" and on the Elements of the muriatic Acid. With some Experiments on Sulphur and Phosphorus, made in the Laboratory of the Royal Institution. Read July 12, 1810. (+) The Bakerian Lecture. ...‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1810 a. 1811). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1810 - Part I. Pp. 231-257 and 1811 - Part I. Pp. 1-35. Both papers clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of these importent papers in the history of chemistry in which Davy announces his proofs of the elementary nature of clorine, describing the preparation, physical and chemical properties of a new gas, which he called 'euchlorine'. It is unstable and explodes on heating to give chlorine and oxygen. Davy here suggested the name 'chlorine', from a greek work for green, because of the greenish colour of the gas.Thorpe said of this first paper ""As a piece of induction, the memoir is a model of its kind, and as an exercise in ""the scientific use of ofthe imagination"" it has few equals.""Davy's researches on chlorine are of an importence comparable with those on the alkali metals. Chlorine, first discovered by Scheele, was regarded by him as a *dephlogisticated muriatic acid"". As phlogiston was practically synonymous with with hydrogen to Scheele, this view was essentialy correct. Lavoisier, however, chiefly occupied with phenomena of combustion, assumed that chlorien was an oxide of an unknown ""radical"". Davy performed many experiments endeavouring to confirm the presence of oxygen and finally concluded that chlorine was an element.""(A Source Book in Chemistry 1400-1900, p. 244).‎

Referência livreiro : 42592

‎DALTON, JOHN. - ON THE CONSTITUTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE.‎

‎Sequel to an Essay on the Constitution of the Atmosphere in the Philosophical Transactions for 1826" with some Account of the Sulphurets of Lime. Received June 9, - Read June 15, 1837.‎

‎(London, Richard and John E. Taylor, 1837). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1837 - Part II. Pp. 347-363. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of Dalton's last paper submitted to the ""Transactions"". This paper, one of his last, deals with the constitution of the atmosphere, just as his first love was meteorology.""In an essay of mine on the constitution of the atmosphere, which was printed in the Transactions for 1826, I signified my intention of following it with a sequel of experiments to ascertain if possible which of the two views therein developed was most counntenanced by facts. I now proceed to give an account of such investigations relating to this subject as havee engaged my attention during a long period of years.""(John Dalton). - (Smith: John Dalton. A Bibliography. No. 78).‎

Referência livreiro : 42610

‎"BUNSEN, ROBERT & HENRY E. ROSCOE. - THE LAWS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL ACTION.‎

‎Photo-chemical Researches. - Part IV. Received May 26 - Read May 26, 1859.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1860). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1859 - Vol. 149 - Part II. Pp. 879-926. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance in English of a classic paper in the investigations of chemical reactions produced by lightrays. Their joined work - from 1855-59 - founded scientific photochemistry, by determining the phenomena of induction, deduction and extinction. They found that the beginning of light reaction takes place at first very slowly and that the velocity increases gradually until it attains a constant value, observing also that steam accelerates the action and that air retards it. They also gave proofs of the ""Law of Reciprocity‎

Referência livreiro : 42633

‎"FRANKLAND, EDWARD & B.F. DUPPA.‎

‎Synthetical Researches on Ethers. - No. 1. Synthesis of Ethers from Acetic Ether. Received July 13, - Read November 16, 1865.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1866). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", Vol. 156 - Part I, pp. 37-72. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing. As Frankland discovered ""Combining Power"" (= valency), he had introduced powerfull analytical techniques.""From 1863 to 1870 he and Baldwin Duppa exploited zinc etyl and other organic reagents, including ethyl acetate, in the synthesis of ethers, dicaarboxylic acids, unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and hydroxy acids. This meticulousw work revealed clearly the structure and relationship of these compounds, and of course its methodology had great bearing on the growth of the chemical industry.""(DSB, V: p. 126).‎

Referência livreiro : 42654

‎"HUNT, ROBERT. - EARLY WORK ON PHOTOCHEMISTRY.‎

‎On the Influence of Iodine in rendering several Argentine Compounds, spread on Paper, sensitive to Light, and on a new Method of producing, with greater distinctness, the Photographic Image. Received May 13, - Read June 18, 1840.‎

‎(London, Richard and John E., Taylor, 1843. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1840 - Part II. Pp. 325-334. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of a pioneer-paper in the history of early photography.""Robert Hunt (1807-1887) wasibrarian and keeper of mining records at the Museum of Practicalgeology and professor of mechanical engineering at the Royal School of Mines, at London. He carried on numerous photographic and photochemical experiments and he was one of the founders of the London Photographic Society. These experiments with organic and inorganic light-sensitive substances, which, with characteristic unselfiness, he made publicg during the early forties of the lat century, were extremely useful in the study of photochemistry, which was the in its infancy, and were of great servicee for years to those who came after him and used his researches for the basis of their studies.""(Eder: ""History of Photography"", p. 326.‎

Referência livreiro : 42663

‎"MARGGRAF, ANDREAS SIGISMUND.‎

‎Experiences qui concernant la Régéneration de L'Alun de sa propre Terre, l'apres avoir séparé par L'Acide vitriolique, avec quelques Compositions artificielle de L'Alun par le moyen d'autres Terres, et dudit acide. Traduit de l'Allemand. (+)...‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1756). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Memoires de Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", Annee 1754, tome X, pp. 31-40 a. pp. 41-50 a. pp. 51-68.‎

‎First printing of 3 historical chemical papers.""Stahlregarded alum as a compound of vitriolic acid and lime. Marggraf (1754) found that these substances produce only selenite (gypsum), whic is a salt, not an earth. To obtain alum he treated clay with sulphuric acid, but found that crystals were formed only when potash or ammonia was added, so that alum contains these alkalis. The 'earth of alum' (Alaun-Erde) is a peculiar one, present in combination with silica in clay. It is precipitated by alcali from Alum solution and, after drying in air, is soluble in acids, and is hence an 'alkaline earth'...""(Partington II, p. 727).‎

Referência livreiro : 42710

‎"THOMSEN, JULIUS.‎

‎Den electromotoriske Kraft udtrykt i Varmeenheder. (Extract from: Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, 5te Række, naturvidensk. og Matem. Afdeling, 5te. Bind.).‎

‎(København, 1861). 4to. No wrappers. Uncut and unopened. Nice and clean. (3) pp. + pp. 156-175.‎

‎First printing of Thomsen's influential paper in which he ""fund that the electromotive force can be used to calculate the mechanical work necessary for separating a compound into its elementary particles. In many instances, by measuring the electromotive force Thomsen obtained the same value for the affinity as in previous calorimetric experiments, but in other instances a difference was found. It is now known that the electrochemical measurements are theoretically correct, not the calorimetric ones."" (DSB, XIII, 359 p.)‎

Referência livreiro : 42732

‎MARGGRAF, (ANDREAS SIGISMUND).‎

‎Observation concernant une Volatilisation remarquable d'une Partie de L'Espece de Pierre, a laquelle on donne les Noms de Flosse, Flüsse, Flus-Spath, et aussi celui D'Hesperos" laquelle Volatilisation a été effectuée au moyen des Acides.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1770). 4to. No wrappers. As issued in ""Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"" Tome XXIV, pp. 1-11.‎

‎First printing of a paper in which Marggraf ""by distilling fluorspar and sulphuric acid in a glass retort, he thought ..that he had obtained a 'volatile earth' - actually silica, deposited by water in the receiver from the gaseous silicon fluoride.""(Partington, A History of Chemistry II, p. 728).A paper by Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch stitched together with the Marggraf-paper: ""Dissertation Physico-Oeconomique sur la Maniere utile dont on peut employer quelques unes des grande Especes de la Plante dite en Allemand Riedgras (Carex Linnaei, Gen. Plant. 482). Pp.12-41.‎

Referência livreiro : 42841

‎"HATCHETT, CHARLES.‎

‎Experiments and Observations on the various Alloys, on the specific Gravity, and on the comparative Wear of Gold. Being the Substace of a Report made to the Right Honourable the Lords of the Committee of Privy Counsel, appointed to take into the consi...‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1803). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1803 - Part I. Pp. 43-194 a. 1 large folded engraved plate, showing Cavendish's apparatus for measuring wear. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of Hatchett's report to the Committee appointed by the Privy Councel ""to take into consideration the state of the coins of this Country...""Towards the end of the 18th century concern was expressed that the economy of the realm was suffering great losses through wear og gold coinage. The Committee appointed Hatchett and Cavendish to ""examine by such experiments as should de deemed requisite, whether any of these defects really existed.""‎

Referência livreiro : 42849

‎"FOURCROY (ANTOINE FRANCOIS de) ET (N.L.) VAUQUELIN - THE NAMING OF UREA.‎

‎Premiere (- Second) Mémoire Pour servir à l'histoire naturelle, chimique et médicale de l'urine humaine, Contenant quelques faits nouveaux sur son analyse et son altération spontanée, Lu le 11 frimaire an 7 (1799). - (Second Mémoire:) Dans lequel o...‎

‎(Paris, Baudouin, AN XI (1803)). 4to. Without wrappers. Uncut. Extracted from ""Mémoires de L'Institut National des Sciences et Arts"", Tome Quatrieme. Pp. 363-466. A few minor brownspots on the first leaves, otherwise fine and clean, unopened.‎

‎First printing of this importent paper in the history of chemistry, in which the authors gave the first satisfactory account of of urea, which they named.""Hundreds of concretions from various parts of human and animal bodies were analyzed by Fourcroy and Vauquelin. Most were urinary calculi which, independently of Wollaston, they classified according to chemical composition from 1798 onwards.They confirmed the frequent presence of uric acid and phiosphate of lime (discovered in calculi by Scheele and Georg Pearson respectively) and also found urate of ammonia, the double phosphate of magnesia and ammonia, and occasionally other compounds....In an attempt to find why urinary calculi were formed, Fourcroy and Vauquelin investigated urine, and in 1799 they gave (in the paper offered) the first satisfactory account of ures, which hey named....(they) isolated it by recrystallization from alcohol, and in 1808, achieved a purer state by adding alkali to the crystalline nitrate that they had discovered.""(DSB V, p. 92-93).‎

Referência livreiro : 42886

‎"LOMONOSOW (LOMONOSOV), MICHAELE (MIKHAIL). - THE DISCOVERY OF THE TRANSITION OF A METAL INTO PASSIVE STATE.‎

‎Dissertatio de Actione Menstruorum Chymicorum in Genere. (Considerations of the Action of chemical Solvents).‎

‎(Petropoli (St. Petersbourg), 1750). 4to. Uncut, without wrappers. Extracted from ""Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae"", Tom. I. ad Annum 1747 et 1748. Pp. 245-266 a. 1 engraved plate (ad. p. 251). Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of a groundbreaking paper in chemistry in which Lomonosov describes his discovery of the transition of a metal into passive state, and this is the first scientific description of this phenomena. He observed and described fast termination of the dissolution of iron in concentrated nitric acid, and attributed this to a change in the solvent properties.""Lomonosov employed corpuscular mechanics in chemical explanations more extensively than Boyle had done. Treating chemical compounds as particles in adhesion, he held that ""adhesion is eliminated and renewed by means of motion.....since no change in a body can take place withouy motion"". He attempted to apply these theories to chemical phenomena - although he was limited to speculation- in papers on the action of chemical solvents in general..""(DSB VIII, p. 469).""Lomonosov was founder of Russian science, and he would be universally recognized as a great pioneer of science had he been born a West European. He was famous also for his literary works, including poems and dramas. In 1755 he wrote a Russian Grammar that reformed the language and in the same year he helped found the University of Moscow. In 1760 he published the first history of Russia.""(Isaac Asimov).‎

Referência livreiro : 42895

‎"DAVY, HUMPHRY.‎

‎On a Combination of Oxymuriatic Gas and Oxygene Gas. Read February 21, 1811.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1811). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1811 - Part I. Pp. 155-162. Fine and clean‎

‎First printing of an importent paper in chemistry. Davy's famous papers on the chlorine theory - he proved that chlorine is an element - from 1810 a. 1811 gave rise to a controversy. In the offered paper Davy gives further experimental evidences for his thoey of chlorine and its mixtures.‎

Referência livreiro : 42921

‎"FRANKLAND, E. (EDWARD).‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - Researches on Organo-metallic Bodies. - Fourth Memoir. Received February 17, - Read March 3, 1859.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1859). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1859 - Vol. 149 - Part I. Pp. 401-415. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of an importent chemical paper on the organometallic compounds.‎

Referência livreiro : 42939

‎"FRANKLAND, E. (EDWARD). - INTRODUCING ""VALENCY"" IN CHEMISTRY.‎

‎On a New Series of Organic Bodies containing Metals. Received May 10,- Read June 17,1852.‎

‎London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1852 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1852 - Part II. With titlepage to Part II., pp. 417-444, textillustr. Fine and clean.‎

‎First appearance of an extremely importent paper in the histroy of chemistry as Frankland here introduced the concept of 'VALENCY' - he called it 'atomicity' - to explain the capacity of atoms to combine with other atoms. ""This led not only to the Kekulé structures, but also to the periodic table of Mendeléev, since that table was based on the regular change of valence with atomic weight.""(Asimov).""On May 10 1852 Frankland read to the Royal Society a paper on organic metallic compounds (the paper offered) in which he made the emperical observation that elements possessed fixed combining powers, or ""only room, so to speak, for the attachement of a fixed and definite number of the atoms of other elements."" The expression ""valence"" or ""Valency"" began to be used by other chemists only after 1865, wheras Frankland tended to use the misleading term ""atomicity""....Frankland's teching position at the Royal College of Chemistry and his influence on the Department of Sciences and Art science examinations enembled him to spread the idea through the younger generation of British chemists.""(DSB V, p. 126).The exact inception, however, of the theory of chemical valencies can be traced to an 1852 paper by Edward Frankland, in which he combined the older theories of free radicals and ""type theory"" with thoughts on chemical affinity to show that certain elements have the tendency to combine with other elements to form compounds containing 3, i.e. in the three atom groups (e.g. NO3, NH3, NI3, etc.) or 5, i.e. in the five atom groups (e.g. NO5, NH4O, PO5, etc.), equivalents of the attached elements. It is in this manner, according to Frankland, that their affinities are best satisfied. (Wikepedia).‎

Referência livreiro : 42941

‎DAVY, HUMPHRY - COMPOUND OR ELEMENTS ?‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. An Account of some new analytical Researches on the Nature of certain Bodies, particularly the Alkalies, Phosphorus, Sulphur, Carbonaceous Matter, and the Acids hitherto undecompounded" with some general Observations on Chemical ...‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1809). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1809 - Part I. Pp. 39-104 and 1 engraved plate showing some of the apparatus used in his electrochemical researches. Fine and clean.‎

‎First appearance of this importent paper in the history of chemistry.In this paper ""he tried one hypthesis after another to account for the ultimate constitution of matter and for the nature of acidity. He believed that the simplicity and harmony of nature demanded that there be very few ultimately distinct forms of matter"" itis ironical that one who held that that the chemical elements were probably all compounds should have been such a frequent discoverer of new elements. Davy was particularlu confused by ammonium amalgam, a pasty material produced when ammonium salts are electrolyzed with a mercury cathode...""(DSB III, p. 602).- Partington IV, pp. 49 ff.‎

Referência livreiro : 42988

‎"ELLER, (JOHANN THEODOR).‎

‎Essai sur L'origine et la Generation des Metaux.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1749). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Memoires de L'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres"" tome IX, pp. 1-50.‎

‎First printing of Elle's small history of chemistry, in which he gives an historical review of chemical theories from the Greek period, with special emphasis on the viewa of Becher and Stahl and the theory of phlogiston. Eller held the highest positions in Prussia, professor of anatomy, dean to the Collegium Medico-Chirurgicum, director of the Berlin Academy of Sciences and physician-in-ordinary to Frederick the Great. Together with Georg Ernst Stahl he was responsible for laying the foundation for all subsequent developments in medical services in Prussia. (Partington II:pp. 716-17).‎

Referência livreiro : 43017

‎"MARGGRAF, ANDREAS SIGISMUND.‎

‎Examen Chymique du Bois de Cedre. Traduit de l'Allemand.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1755). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Memoires de Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", Annee 1753, tome IX, pp. 73-78.‎

‎First printing.‎

Referência livreiro : 43020

‎PASTEUR, LOUIS. - INTRODUCING A NEW KIND OF ISOMORPHISM.‎

‎Recherches sur le Dimorphisme" (Memoire lu à l'Academie des Sciences, dans la séance du 20 mars 1848). (+) Note sur un travail de M. Laurent intitulé: Sur l'isomorphisme et sur les types cristallins.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson, Imprimerie de Bachelier, 1848. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Very light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage and on verso of plate. In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3me Series - Tome XXIII. 512 pp. a. 4 plates. (The entire volume offered). Pasteur's papers: pp. 267-294 a. pp. 294-295, 1 double-page folded engraved plate. A few marginal brownspots to P.'s paper. Otherwise fine and clean.‎

‎First full exposition of Pasteur's first revolutionary paper on the discovery of ""molecular assymetry"" - also constituting his first published scientific paper. In order to secure priority, Pasteur announced his discoveries first in its preliminary form in a short paper of 4 pages in ""Recherches sur le dimorphisme"", Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l' Académie des Sciences, 20 mars 1848, XXVI, pp. 353-355. In the offered form it is the first full treatment of his discoveries.""Pasteur came to the conclusion, on one hand, that all tartrates could be regarded as mutually isomorphic, but at the same time - based on Mitscherlich's work - that the sodium ammonium salts of both the tartaric and racemic acids also crystallized isomorphically, which in turn suggested that all racemic and tartaric salts would crystallice identically. An they do crystallice identically, albeit in a very special way Half the crystals of the racemic salts are characterized by a mirror-inverted form.""(Hans-Werner Schütt in ""Eilhard Mitscherlich"").""Another discovery of great importence was made by Pasteur. In 1844 Mitscherlich had stated that the crystals of sodium ammonium tartrate and sodium ammonium racemate were identical, although solutions of the former were found to be active but those of the latter were inactive. Since this statement was contrary to his views on the relation between crystalline form and optical activity, Pasteur examined these salts and found, it is true, that the crystals of the tartrate resembled the other tartrates which he had examined i possessing hemihedral faces arranges in a similar manner. The crystals which was obtained from a solution of the inactive racemate, at the ordinary temperature, were also found, contrary to expectation, to have hmihedral faces....""(Alexander Findley in ""A Hundred years of Chemistry"", p.59-60).It is related that Pasteur, on making this discovery, rushed from his laboratory and, meeting the lecture assistant in physicss, embraced him, exclaming: ""I have just made a great discovery! I have separated the sodium ammonium paratartrate into two salts of opposite action on the plane polarisation of light. The dextro-salt is in all rspects identical with the dextro-tartrate. I am so happy and overcome by suchnervous excitement that I am unable to place my eye again to the polariization apparatus."".Among other importent chemical papers the volume contains Gay-Lussac: Mémoire sur L'Eau Régale. Pp. 203-229.‎

Referência livreiro : 43077

‎"FARADAY, M. (MICHAEL). - THE FIRST PERFORMED SUBSTITUTION REACTION IN CHEMISTRY.‎

‎On two new compounds of Chlorine and Carbon, and on a new compound of Iodine, Carbon, and Hydrogen. By Mr. Faraday, ChemicalAssistent in the Royal Institution. Read December 21, 1820.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and W. Nicol, 1821). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1821 - Part I. Pp. 47-74. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of Faraday's first breakthrough in chemistry as he here synthesized for the first time chloro-carbons.""In 1820 he (Faraday) produced the first known compounds of chlorine and carbon, C2Cl6 and C2Cl4. These compounds had been produced by the substitution of chlorine for hydrogen in ""olefiant gas"", our modern ethylene. This was the first substitution reaction"" such reactions, in the hands of Charles Gerhardt and August Laurent in the 1840's, were to be used as a serious challenge to the dualistic electrochemical theories of J.J. Berzelius."" (DSB IV, p. 531).Parkinson ""Breakthrough"" 1820 C.‎

Referência livreiro : 43117

‎"GERHARDT, CHARLES. - THE THEORY OF TYPES AND RADICALS.‎

‎Recherches sur les Acides organiques Anhydres. Presentées à l'Academie des Sciences, les 17 mai et 14 juin 1852.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson, Imprimerie de Bachelier, 1853. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Slightly rubbed. A small weakness to upper part of fronthinge. Small stamps on verso of titlepage and on verso of plates. In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3me Series - Tome XXXVII. 512 pp. and 3 plates. (The entire volume offered). Gerhardt's paper: pp. 285-342. Light scattered brownspots.‎

‎First printing of an importent paper in which Gerhardt introduced the concept of ""type"" in organic chemistry in order to understand all substitution reactions.""Gerhardt adopted Laurent's nucleus, or unitary theory and combined it with the theory of types and radicals. In 1852 he discovered the anhydrides of organic acids and explained their structure by an extension of the water type of Williamson. He further proposed that all organic compounds could be related to one of four inorganic types: water, hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, and ammonia. These types could be used to explain most organic reactions as double decompositions. Since Gerhard felt that the formula of organic compounds never ecpressed the actual structure of the molecule, but only its reactions, he was satisfied with this theory and carried it no farther. However, it was a great advance in systematization and helped to bring order into the confused field of organic reactions.""(Leicester & Klickstein ""A Source Book in Chemistry 1400-1900"", p. 351.).""Gerhardt will occupy a permanent position in the history of Chemistry for his services to organic classification, for his concept of homology, for his preparation of acid anhydrides, and for his reform of equivalents.""(DSB V, p. 374).The volume contains further importent papers Marcelin Berthelot ""Sur la Bichlorhydrate D'Essence de Térébenthine"", pp. 223-230, by Arago, Edmond Becquerel etc.etc.‎

Referência livreiro : 43123

‎"FARADAY, M. (MICHAEL). - THE LIQUEFACTION OF GASES.‎

‎On the Condensation of several gases into liquids. Read April, 10, 1823.‎

‎(London, W. Nicol, 1823). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1823 - Part II. Pp. 189-198. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this classical paper in chemistry, Faraday announces his success with the liquefaction of gases, and where he for the first time liquefied sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sylphide, chlorine dioxide, cyanogen, and ammonia.‎

Referência livreiro : 43166

‎"PROUT, WILLIAM. - COINING THE WORD ""MERORGANIZED""‎

‎On the ultimate composition of simple alimentary substances"" with some preliminary remarks on the analysis of organized bodies in general. Read June 14, 1827. - [FIRST SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION OF FOODSTUFF.]‎

‎(London, W. Nicol, 1827). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1827 - Part II. Pp. 355-388 a. 2 engraved plates. (a small dampstain to lower margin of plates). Text clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of this milestone paper, containing the first scientific classification of foodstuffs as carbonhydrates, fats, proteins, and water.""The brilliant demonstration in 1824 that the gastric juices of animals contains hydrochloric acid appeared incredible to many of Prout's contemporaries. Yet in 1827 (in the paper offered) they readily adopted his classification of foodstuffs into water, saccharinous (carbonhydrates), oleagineous (fats), and albuminous (proteins). Although Prout promised detailled analyses of the three organic aliments, only those of the saccharinous class were published by him. As a vitalist, Prout maintained that organized bodies (which were composed from organic substances) contained ""independent existing vital principles.""Under the influence of these teleological agents, the four aliments were transformed into blood and tissues. Prout termed the process of digestion and blood formation ""primary assimilation."" ""Secondary assimilation"" (Liebig's ""metamorphosis of tissues"") included both the process of tissue formmation from blood and the destruction and removal of unwanted parts from the animal system. The absorption and removal of water from processed aliments were the principal chemical features of chylification and sanguification, respectively. Organization of processed aliments could not occur, however, without the presence and admixture of minute amounts of water or of elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. In 1827 Prout coined the word (in the paper offered) ""merorganized"" to denote the isomerism and vitalization of organic substances by the presence of these incidental materials.""(DSB XI, p. 173). - Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1827 C.‎

Referência livreiro : 43174

‎"KENDREW, J. C. & G. BODO & H. M. DINTZIS & R. G. PARRISH & H. WYCKOFF & D. C. PHILLIPS.‎

‎A Three-dimensional Model of the Myoglobin Molecule Obtained By X-ray Analysis. - [THE DAWN OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY]‎

‎London, Macmillian and Co., 1958. Royal8vo. Bound in a green full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Volume 181, from January to June, 1958, of ""Nature"" offered. Binding tight and clean externally as well as internally. Pp. 662-666. [Entire volume: CXLII, (2), 1816 pp].‎

‎First edition of the important paper in which the first three-dimensional model of a protein was obtained, and which thus laid the foundation for all structural biology. Kendrew was furthermore one of the first to use a computer in analyzing the data produced by x-ray diffraction. For his essential discovery Kendrew was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1962. The discovery is widely regarded as being one the most important in the second half of the 20th century within biology and chemistry. ""The first dramatic but hard-won success of the approach [in understanding molecules], the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a protein called myoglobin, was announced in 1958 [in the present paper]. The findings laid the foundation for the age of structure in biology: [...] the paper was the outcome of a truly Herculean task. (Garwin, A century of Nature: twenty-one discoveries that changed science and the world, 2003, Pp. 87-88).‎

Referência livreiro : 43218

‎"WÖHLER, FRIEDRICH. - THE BEGINNING OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Ueber künstliche Bildung des Harnstoffs.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1828. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 12, Zweites Stück. Pp. 161-336 (the entire issue offered (Heft 2) together with the titlepage to 12. Band). Wöhler's paper: pp. 253-256. Clean and fine, printed on good paper.‎

‎First appearance of this milestone paper, marking the beginnings of organic chemistry, in which Wöhler describes how he managed to synthezise urea from cyanate of ammonia. This broke down the old distinction between organic and inorganic substances. ""This was the first synthesis of an organic compound, and this accomplishment is generally regarded as the beginning of organic chemistry.""(Sparrow ""Milestones of Science"", p.37). The discovery destroyed the vitalistic theory which held that organic compounds could be produced only by living organisms, and led eventually to the brilliant results that have been achieved in attempts to synthesize other organic compounds.Dibner: Heralds of Science, no. 45. - Sparrow: Milestones of Science, no. 197. - Garrison & Morton, no. 671. See also DSB XIV p.475.‎

Referência livreiro : 43317

‎"STROMEYER (STROHMEYER), FRIEDRICH. - THE DISCOVERY OF CADMIUM.‎

‎Ueber das Kadmium. (Eine Darstellung der Resultate des ersten Theils seiner Untersuchungen über dieses, vo ihm in dem Zink und den Zinkoxyden entdeckte, neue Metall.).‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1819. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik. Hrsg. von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 60 Heft 2 (= Jahrgang 1818, zehntes Stück). Pp. 113-218 a. 1 engraved plate (map). The entire issue offered (Heft 2). Stromeyer's paper pp. 193-210. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of Strohmeyer's account of his discovery of Cadmium. The history of its discovery was very complicated as some other laid claim to its discovery.Stromeyer was inspector general of apothecaries in Hannover. ""In 1817, fulfilling the duties of his office, he came across an apothecary's shop in which a bottle labeled zinc oxide contained zinc carbonate. Following this up, Stromeyer found himself interested in zinc carbonate, which turned yellow on strong heating as though it contained iron as an impurity, yet it contained no iron. He traced the yellow to an oxide not of zinc but of a hitherto unknown metal rather like it chemically. He named it cadmium for a zinc ore in which it is usually found accompanying the zinc.""(Asimov).Weeks ""Discovery of the Elements"", pp. 135-39.‎

Referência livreiro : 43320