‎Chimie‎

‎GEOFFROY (GEOFFROI), C.F.‎

‎Observations sur la Terre de L'Alun" Manière de la convertir en Vitriol, ce qui fait une exception à la Table des Rapports en Chymie.‎

‎(Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1746). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences. Année 1744."". Pp. 69-112 a. 4 folded engraved plates.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 45798

‎DAVY, HUMPHRY. - ISOLATION OF BARIUM, MAGNESIUM, CALCIUM AND STRONTIUM FOR THE FIRST TIME.‎

‎Electro-Chemical Researches, on the Decomposition of the Earth" with Observations on the Metals obtained from the alkaline Earths, and on the Amalgam procured from Ammonia. Read June 30th, 1808.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1808). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1808 - Part I. Pp. 333-370.‎

‎First printing of a historical paper in chemistry, his third Bakerian Lecture, in which he obtained for the first time, by means of electrolysis, the metals barium, magnesium, calcium and strontium. He further utilized the strong reducing power of potassium to prepare boron.""Humphry Davy was one of the most brilliant chemists of the early nineteenth century. His early study of nitrous oxide brought him his first reputation, but his later and most importent investigations were devoted to electrochemistry. Following Galvani's experiments and the discovery of the voltaic pile, interest in galvanic electricity had become widespread. The first electrolysis by means of the pile was carried out in 1800 by Nicholson and Carisle, who obtained oxygen and hydrogen from water. Davy began to examine the chemical effects of electricity in 1800, and his numerous discoveries were presented in his Bakerian lectures."" - Not in Wheeler Gift. - The Ronalds Library p. 128.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 45885

‎"DUTOUR, (ETIENNE FRANCOIS).‎

‎Exposition d'une Theorie sur le renouvellement de l'Air dans l'Eau, & sur la desunion des parties des matières solubles opérée par les dissolvans.‎

‎(Paris, Imprimerie Royale, 1755). 4to. Extract from ""Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans"", Tome II. Pp. 477-500. 2 textillustrations.‎

‎In this paper Dutour describes the apparatus by which he shows that water freed from 'air' does not act on iron.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 45936

‎"MARIGNAC, C. (JEAN CHARLES). - FIRST SEPARATION OF COLUMBIUM AND TANTALIUM.‎

‎Recherches sur les Combinaisons du Niobium.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson et Fils, 1866. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 4e Series - Tome VIII. 512 pp. a. 3 folded engraved plates. (The entire volume offered). Marignac's paper: pp. 5-75.‎

‎The paper describes his successfull separation of tantalum and columbium, ""and he also shows that columbium is both tri- and pentavalent, whereas tantalum always has a valency of five. The separation is based on the insolubility of potassium fluo-oxyycolumbate."" (Weeks p. 83).‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 45989

‎"LAURENT, AUGUSTE. - CLEARING THE CONCEPTS EQUIVALENTS, ATOMS AND MOLECULES.‎

‎Recherches sur les Combinaisons Azotées.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson, 1846. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", Troisieme Series - Tome 18. 512 pp. and 2 folded engraved plates. Laurents paper: pp. 266-298. Somewhat brownspotted.‎

‎First printing of this classic work in the history of organic chemistry in which Laurent made clear ""the distinction between equivalents, atoms and molecules, by attaching to these terms meanings similar to those given to them at the present day. Like Avogadro and Ampère, Laurent regarded the molecules of hydrogen, of oxygen, of chlorine, etc., as consisting of two atoms and of forming ""homogenous Compounds"" which could then give rise to ""heterogenous compounds"" by double decomposition -(HH) + (CICI) = (HCI) + (HCI) - as had long before been pointed out by Avogadro.""(Findley ""A Hundred Years of Chemistry"", p. 32.""A founder of modern organic chemistry, Laurent was one of the most important chemists of the nineteenth century. He considered the behavior of matter to be a manifestation of its intimate internal structure, which one cannot determine with certainty but which one has to investigate if one wants to understand. Laurent’s preoccupation was to construct a method that could guide the chemist forward along this path, from facts to their causes. He was the first chemist to intimately associate crystallo-graphic data and chemical studies. Louis Pasteur and Charles Friedel later followed the way.""(DSB).‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 45993

‎"DAVY, HUMPHRY. - CARBON AND DIAMOND ARE CHEMICALLY IDENTICAL.‎

‎Some Experiments on the Combustion of the Diamond and other carbonaceous Substances. Read June 23, 1814.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1814). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1814 - Part II. Pp. 557-570.‎

‎First printing of this importent paper in which Davy ""finally put it beyond doubt that carbon and diamond were chemically identical" that neither all acids nor all alkalies contained oxygen" and that oxygen enjoyed no unique status as the supporter of combustion, but rather that heat was a consequence of any violent chemical change.""(DSB).""In Florence he (Davy) burnt a diamond in oxygen, using the burning glass of the Accademia del Cimento, and foundthat it has the same composition as pure charcoal. He found that a diamond ignited in oxygen by a burning glass continued to burn when the source of external heating is removed, and only carbonic acid gas and no moisture was formed.""(Partington IV:p. 61).‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46007

‎"FOURCROY, VAUQUELIN & SEGUIN. - THE SYNTHESIS OF WATER.‎

‎Mémoire sur la Combustion du Gaz Hydrogene. Lu à l'Academie Royale des Sciences, le 21 Mai 1790.‎

‎Paris, Rue et Hotel Serpente, 1791. 8vo. Contemporary half calf. Gilt spine. In: ""Annales de Chimie: ou Recueil de Mémoires Concernant la Chimie et les Arts qui en Dépendent. Par MM. de Morveau, Lavoisier, Monge, Berthollet, De Fourcroy, le Baron de Dietrich, Hassenfratz & Adet."" Tome Huitieme. (2),336 pp. The entire volume offered. The paper: pp. 230-308. A few scattered brownspots. Small stamps on verso of titlepage.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which the authors records a series of experiments on the combustion of hydrogen, the aim of which was to confirm Lavoisier's large scale experiments on the synthesis of water. They finally proved that water only contains hydrogen and oxygen, and found the approximate ratio of their weights.""In May 1790 Séguin read to the Académie des Sciences the report on the larg-scale synthesis of water carried out in Fourcroy’s laboratory by himself, Fourcroy, and Vauquelin. The purpose of this experiment was to establish finally that water is composed only of hydrogen and oxygen and that the weight of water is fully accounted for by the weights of the two gases. They also sought to determine accurately the combining ratio of the components of water, an especially important constant in oxygen chemistry. They found that the ratio hydrogen: oxygen is 2.052:1 by volume and 14.338:85.662 by weight. (The discrepancies from the true figure probably arose from the difficulties of weighing the gases.)""(DSB).Apart from other importent chemical papers by Fourcroy, Seguin, Klaproth etc., the volume contains Joseph Black's famous letter to Lavoisier, where Black gives up his phlogistic theory and accepts the new chemistry, lead by Lavoisier. ""Copie d'une Lettre de M. Joseph Black a M. Lavoisier"", pp. 225-229.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46011

‎"BERTHOLLET, CLAUDE LOUIS. - PREPARING THE WAY FOR THE ATOMIC THEORY IN CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Recherches sur les lois de l'affinité. (+) Suite des Recherches... (+) Suite des Recherches... (+) Suite des Recherches... (+) Suite des recherches.. (5 Parts).‎

‎Paris, Chez Fuchs, An IX(1801). Boundin 3 contemp. hcalf. Gilt spuines. Light wear along edges. In: ""Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie"" Tome 36, 37 and 38. (Entire volumes offered). 336"330,(2)"334,(2) pp. and 5 engraved plates. Berthollet's paper: pp. 302-317, pp. 151-181, 221-252, pp. 3-29, 113-134.‎

‎Together with the memoir printed at the same time in ""Mémoires de l'Institut.."" this is the first appearance of B's groundbreaking work on the nature of chemical affinity and the fact that many factors influence chemical reactions, comparing chemical affinity to the force of gravity. The paper was at the end of the year published separately.The theory set forth here ""led directly to Prout's investigations which yielded a knowledge of definite chemical proportions and thus played a very importent part in preparing the way for the development of the Atomic Theory on which the whole modern chemistry is based.""(Duveen, p. 75).""Berthollet read a memoir on the general theory of affinities while he was still in Egypt. This was the starting point of his complete new system of chemistry, first briefly sketched in Recherches sur les lois de l’affinité (1801) and later developed into the comprehensive, two volume Essai de statique chimique. Here he attempted to provide a proper basis for chemistry, so that its experimental results could be viewed in the light of theoretical first principles. Berthollet developed a theory and a model adequate for the understanding and the interpretation of the rapidly growing body of chemical knowledge in his time. He was aware that the positive work of constructing a new theory had yet to be performed after the shock of Lavoisier’s criticism of the old chemistry.(DSB).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1801 C.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46023

‎"AVOGADRO, (AMEDEO).‎

‎Memoire sur les Volumes atomiques, et sur leur relation avec le rang que les corps occupent dans la série électro-chimique. Extrait par l'auteur.‎

‎(Paris, Fortin, Masson et Cie, 1845). Without wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3. Series - Tome 14, Cahier Juillet 1845. Pp. 257-384 a. 1 folded engraved plate. (Entire July-issue offered). Avogadro's paper: pp. 330-368.‎

‎First French version of this importent paper which was published, in full in Italian the year after (1846) in ""Memoria della Reale Acad. della Scienze"" vol. 8 (1846). He proves here forthe first time, that atomic volume is greater for the more electropositive elements.""Toward the end of his life Avogadro devoted a total of four memoirs to the subject of atomic volumes. In the first (1843) he pointed out the connection with his classic memoir of 1811 - the mean distance between the molecules of all gases is the same under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. In 1824 he had read to the Turin Academy a memoir in which he had pointed out that the atomic volumes (i.e., the volume occupied by the molecule together with its surrounding caloric) of all substances in the liquid or solid state would be the same if it were not for certain factors and in particular the different affinities of bodies for caloric. But the latter factor was directly related to the electronegativity of the element. Comparing the densities of the elements with their atomic weights, he now concluded that the distances between the molecules of solids and liquids, and consequently their volumes, were greater, and hence their densities compared with their atomic weights were less as the body became more electropositive. Alternatively expressed, the atomic volume (atomic weight/density) is greater for the more electropositive elements, and this is now accepted.""(DSB).The issue contains also R. Piria ""Recherches sur la Salicine"", pp. 257-301.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46027

‎"BERZELIUS, JÖNS JACOB. - ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTENT WORKS IN THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY - THE FRENCH VERSION.‎

‎Essais sur les proportions déterminées dans lesquelles se trouvent réunis les élémens de la nature inorganiques. (+) Suite des experiences sur les proportions déterminées, d'après lesquelles les élémens de la nature inorganique s'unissent... (In all...‎

‎Paris, Chez J. Klostermann fils, 1811-12. Bound in 6 contemp. hcalf. Gilt spines, slightly rubbed. Wear to top of spines. In: ""Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie"" Tome 78, 79, 80, 81, 82 and 83. (Entire volumes offered). The 14 parts: (Tome 78:) pp. 5-37, 105-132, 217-242. - (Tome 79:) pp. 113-142, 233-264. - (Tome 80:) pp. 5-37, 225-258. - (Tome 81:) pp. 5-36, 278-303. - (Tome 82:) pp. 5-33, 113-125, 225-72. (Tome 83:) pp. 5-35 a. pp. 117-127. With in all 3 engraved plates. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎The papers represents one of the first announcements of Berzelius' discovery of the fixed chemical proportions, determining the weights and valencies of the various constituent elements in inorganic compounds. The papers were published at the same time in Swedish, German (both here in Annalen and in Schweiger's Journal), and in French. By running many hundreds of analysis of chemical compounds he gave so many examples of the law of definite proportions that the world of chemistry could no longer doubt its validity, and in so doing he gave experimental evidence to the atomic theory. He hereby laid a solid fundation for the further development of chemistry. A reprint is found in Ostwald's Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften, No. 35.According to Söderbaum (Jac. Berzelius, 2, p.12) ""It was a giant work, one of the most importent in the history of chemistry, which was here presented. One is even more impressed when one remembers that it was a pioneer undertaking in every sense of the term. Analytic and synthetic methods existed before Berzelius' time, to be sure, but there were no precise methods of the sort which he required. They all had to be elaborated at the cost of time and labour.""(J. Erik Jorpes ""Jac. Berzelius"", p.45).""In general Berzelius's efforts were directed toward the consolidation and extension of the atomic theory. He improved chemical analysis and determined the composition of a large number of compounds, thus verifying the laws of constant and multiple proportions and furnishing the most accurate equivalent weights then available. By ingenious methods he arrived at the correct atomic composition of most common substances, and thus was enabled to draw up (in 1826) a table of atomic weights very nearly identical with the modern one.""(Leicester & Klicktein ""A Source Book in Chemistry"", p. 258).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1810-20 C.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46030

‎"RAOULT, FRANCOIS MARIE.‎

‎Sur les Tensions de Vapeur des Dissolutions.‎

‎Paris, G. Masson, 1890. Contemp. hcalf. Light wear along edges. Two small stamps on verso of titlepage. In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 6. Series - Tome XX. 576 pp. The entire volume offered. Raoult's paper: pp. 297-371. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of an importent paper in which Raoult gives further applications of his own discovery, ""Raoult's Law""""Raoult soon turned to the anomalous results with salts in water, which had puzzled previous investigators. He classified the salts he used according to the valence of the radicals and found that the lowering of the freezing point could be accounted for by assigning certain numbers to these radicals. He demonstrated that the freezing point lowering obtained with these salts was consistent with the hypothesis that the salt radicals themselves acted as if they existed independently in the solution, and that certain radicals were more effective than others in lowering the freezing point of water. With the statement that ""the neutral salts of mono and di-basic salts act as if the electropositive and electronegative radicals of these salts when dissolved in water solution do not combine, but remain as simple mixtures (in the paper offered), Raoult showed that he had come to accept much of Arrhenius’ work on ionization.""(DSB).‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46033

‎"WÖHLER, F. (FRIEDRICH). - DISCLOSING ISOMERISM.‎

‎Recherches analytiques sur l'Acide cyanique‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1824). 8vo. Without wrappers. Extracted from 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Series 2 - Volume 27. Titlepage to vol. 27 and pp. 196-200. Some faint brownspots.‎

‎First appearance of an importent historical paper in chemistry.""Wöhler's analysis of cyanates appeared in 1824, (the paper offered), shortly after Liebig's analysis of fulminates. Gay-Lussac, then editor of the 'Annales de Chimie', noted that the analysis of cyanic and fulminic acid were identical - the first case of isomerism. This incident brought Wöhler and Liebig together, and there followed many years of collaboration in which the two studied the chemistry of benzaldehyde and numerous other compounds.""(Klickstein ""A Source in Chemistry.."", p. 309.Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1823 C.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46036

‎"FARADAY, M. (MICHAEL).‎

‎On fluid Chlorine. Communicated by H. Davy. Read March 13, 1823. (With Davy's Note on the Condensation of Muriatic Acid Gas into the liquid form).‎

‎(London, W. Nicol, 1823). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1823 - Part I. Pp. 160-165. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this famous paper in which Faraday describes his procedure to obtain liquefaction of chlorine and some of its properties. Faraday made an analysis of chlorine hydrate..., finding the composition... He showed the results to Davy, who suggested that he should heat this compound in a sealed tube. The result was the liquefaction of chlorine, reported in a note at the end of the paper""(Partington IV:p. 105).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1823 C.The paper comes together with Humphry Davy ""On a new phenomenon of electro-magnetism"", pp. 153-159 and Charles Bell's importent works on the physiology of the eye ""On the Motion of the Eye, in illustration of the uses of the muscles and nerves of the orbit"", pp. 166-186 a. 1 engraved plate. + ""Second Part of the Paper on the nerves of the Orbit"", pp. 289-307.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46104

‎"GRAHAM, THOMAS. - FOUNDATION OF COLLOID CHEMISTRY.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. On the Diffusion of Liquids. Received November 16, - Read December 29, 1849. (+) Supplementary Observations on the Diffusion of Liquids. Received May 2, - Read June 20, 1850. (+) Additional Observations on the Diffusion of Liquid...‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor, 1850 a.1851). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1850 and 1851. Pp. 1-45, pp. 805-836 and pp. 483-494. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this pioneer work in which Graham introduces the terminology and fundamental concepts of colloid chemistry.""Although some isolated investigations on colloids had been carried out before Graham, his publications in this field laid the foundations of colloid chemistry. In ""On the Diffusion of Liquids,"" Graham applied to liquids the exact method of inquiry he had applied to gases twenty years before, and he succeeded in placing the subject of liquid diffusion on about the same footing as that to which he had raised the subject of gaseous diffusion prior to the discovery of his numerical law. He showed that the rate of diffusion was approximately proportional to the concentration of the original solution, increased with rise in temperature, and was almost constant for groups of chemically similar salts at equal absolute (not molecular) concentrations and different with different groups. He believed that liquid diffusion was similar to gaseous diffusion and vaporization with dilute solutions, but with concentrated solutions he noted a departure from the ideal relationship, similar to that in gases approaching liquefaction under pressure.""(DSB).‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46363

‎"ANDREWS, THOMAS. - THE ""CRITICAL TEMPERATURE"" OF GASES.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - On the Continuity of the Gaseous and Liquid States of Matter. Received June 14, - Read June 17, 1869.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1870). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1869 - Vol. 159 - Part II. Pp. 575-590 and 1 plate. Clean and fine.‎

‎First apperance of the paper in which Thomas Andrews announces his discovery of the ""CRITICAL POINT"", which states that for every gas there was a temperature above which pressure alone could not liquefy it.""This was a crucial discovery for it pointed the way toward the liquefaction of the permanent gases by demonstrating the necessity of dropping the temperature below the critical point before exerting pressure. This new view led within half a century to the work of Dewar and Kammerlingh-Onnes and the liquefaction of all known gases.""(Asimov).Magie: A Source Book in Physics, pp. 187-192. - Parkinson, Breakthroughs: 1869 C.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46366

‎"ANDREWS, THOMAS. - THE NATURE OF OZONE‎

‎On the Constitution and Properties of Ozone. Received May 16, - Read June 21, 1855.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1856). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1856 - Vol. 146 - Part I. Pp. 1-13 a. 1 lithographed plates.‎

‎First printing of Andrew's paper in which he shows, that ozone is oxygen in allotropic form.Andrews subsequently turned his attention to the problem of the constitution of ozone. This had been investigated by a number of chemists, including Schöonbein, its discoverer. Its nature was still unknown, however, and it was by no means certain that the ozone obtained from different sources was one and the same substance" it was thought by some to contain hydrogen. Andrews says his researches extended over four or five years, and he finally reached the conclusion that all the supposed varieties of ozone were identical and that it was in fact oxygen in an altered or allotropic condition.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46372

‎"PASTEUR, LOUIS. - ANNOUNCING THE DISCOVERY OF ""MOLECULAR ASSYMETRY""‎

‎Mémoire sur la relation qui peut exister entre la forme cristalline et la composition chimique, et sur la cause de la polarisation rotatoire"" (Extrait). (Séance du Lundi 22 Mai 1848).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1848. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 26, No 21. Pp. (529-) 548. (Entire issue offered). Pasteur's paper: pp. 535-538.‎

‎First appearance of the announcement of Pasteur's momentous and revolutionary discovery of ""molecular assymetry"" and founding the science of Polarimetry.The discovery was first announced by Pasteur in may 1848 by the printing of the preliminary report of only 4 short pages, in order to establish priority (the paper offered). A more full exposition was published the same year in ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3me Series - Tome XXIV.""In 1848....Pasteur studied the crystals of tartrates (one of the substances that exhibited the now-clockwise, now-counterclockwise effect) under the microscope and found that the xcrystasls were mirror images of the others. The two crystals resemmbled each other as a right-hand glove resembles a left-hand glove....This was a revolutionary discovery and it took some courage to announce it. A few years before, the well-known chemist Mitscherlich had studies the same tartrate crystals and declared them all to be identical. Pasteur was only a twenty-sic-year-old unknown. neverthelless he announced his findings and went before Biot to repeat the separation ofthe crystals before the eyes of the aged authority in the field. Biot was convinced and Pasteur received the Rumford medal of the Royal Society for his work....Pasteur had thus founded the science of polarimetry in which the measurements of the manner in which the plane of polarized light was twisted could be used to help to determine the structure of organic substance, to follow various chemical reactions, and so on.""(Asimov). Leicester & Klickstein ""A Source Book of Chemistry"", p. 374-379).‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 47149

‎"BECQUEREL, EDMOND (ALEXANDRE-EDMUND). - BECQUEREL'S ""CONTINUING RAYS"" OR THE ""BECQUEREL PHENOMENA""‎

‎Mémoire sur le rayonnement chimique qui accompagne la lumiere solaire et la lumiere électrique. (3e Mémoire.- Extrait par l'auteur).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1840. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome XI (No.18). Pp. (667-) 716. (Entire issue offered). Becquerel's paper:pp. 702-703. Some marginal brownspots, margins slightly soiled, light browning an creasing.‎

‎First printing of an importent paper in the history of photochemistry as he here discovered some effects of coloured rays of the solar spectrum.""Edmund Becquerel seems to be the first person to observe, in 1840 (in the paper offered), that the latent daguerreotype image which had been underexposed could be intensified if re-exposed to the yellow and red rays of the spectrum and then developed with mercury... Explaining this phenomenon, Becquerel called the yellow-red continuing rays (""rayon continuateurs"") in contrast to the primary rays, which exicited or produced the light image and which he called exiciting rays (""rayons excitateurs"").... They are dependent on the wave lenght of the light.""(Eder ""History of Photography"", pp. 265 ff.)""Becquerel was an early experimenter in photography. In 1840 he discovered that the silver halides, natively insensitive to red and yellow light, became sensitive to that part of the spectrum in proportion to their exposure to blue, violet and ultraviolet light, allowing Daguerreotypes and other photographic materials to be developed by bathing in strong red or yellow light rather than by chemical treatment. In practice this technique was rarely used."" (Wikipedia).‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 47213

‎"NIEPCE DE SAINT-VICTOR, (CLAUDE FELIX ABEL). - THE INVENTION OF NIEPCEOTYPES OR ""GLASS PICTURES"".‎

‎Sur des propriétés particulières de l'iode, du phosphore, de l'acide azotique, etc. (Dépose en deux parties a l'Institut, le 22 juin 1846 et le 11 janvier 1847.) (Extrait). (+) Annexe au Mémoire précédent, présenté à l'Academie le 25 octobre 1847....‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1847. 4to. No wrappers. In ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 25, No 17. Pp. (561-) 608. (Entire issue offered). Niepce de Saint-Victor's paper: pp. 579-589.‎

‎First appearance of this milestone paper in the histroy of photography in which Niepce de Saint-Victor describes his invention of photography on glass or ""glass negatives"".""Early in 1847 Niepce de Saint-Victor experienced with the use of starch paste on his glass plates as a binding substratum for the iodide coating, but he soon found that albumen was preferable"" he also tried gelatine, but laid it aside because it came off in the aceto-silver nitrate bath. By a mixture of honey, syrup, or whey with the albumen, he oncreased, later the sensivity. He published his process on October 25, 1847, in the Comp. rend. (the paper offered), and soon had many followers. He also made many modifications (Annexe to the memoir)."" (Eder ""History of Photography"", Dover Publ., pp. 338 ff.).‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 47222

‎"BRAVAIS, (AUGUSTE). - INTRODUCING ""BRAVAIS LATTICE""‎

‎Sur les propriétés géométriques des assemblages de points régulièrement distribués dans l'éspace.‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1848 4to. No wrappers. In ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 27, No 24. Pp. (593-) 616. (Entire issue offered). Bravais' paper: pp. 601-604.‎

‎Frst appearance of a landmark paper in crystallography and mathematics as Bravais here begins his rechearches of the rotations and translations of crystals into themselves, and he thereby, in this process, advanced the studies of both crystalline structure and of group theory.""Bravais Lattice is a type of spatial crystal lattice first described by the French scientist A. Bravais in 1848. Bravais expressed the hypothesis that spatial crystal lattices are constructed of regularly spaced node-points (where the atoms are located) that can be obtained by repeating a given point by means of parallel transpositions (translations). When straight lines and planes are constructed through these points, the spatial lattice becomes divided into equal parallelepipeds (cells). There are a total of 14 types of such lattices, by which the structure of any crystal can be described in the first approximation.""(The Free Dictionary).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1848 C/M.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 47229

‎"BLANQUART-ÈVRARD, (LOUIS-DESIRE). - PHOTOGRAPHIC ""GLASS-PICTURES"".‎

‎Recherches photographiques.‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1849. 4to. Without wrappers. In ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 29, No 8. Pp. (193-) 224. (Entire issue offered). Blanquart-Evrard's paper: pp. 215-217.‎

‎First printing of an importent paper in the history of photography in which "" Blanquart-Evrard described, in 1849 (the paper offered), a process very similar to that of Niepce de Saint-Victor (his glass pictures or ""Niepceotypes""), with minor changes, and called attention to the fact that the silver-iodized albumen could be used either moist or dry.""(Eder p. 339).""In the field of photography we are indepted to Blanquart-Evrard for many improvements,in particular for having introduced the developing process of iodide bromide (or silver chloride) paper by gallic acid as a rapid printing process for producing large editions of silver prints.""(Eder).‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 47233

‎"DUMAS, JEAN BAPTISTE & ANDRE & J.S. STAS. - THE ATOMIC WEIGHT OF CARBON ESTABLISHED.‎

‎Recherches sur la véritable poids atomiques du carbone.(Extrait).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1840. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome XI , No 25. Pp. (991-) 1020. (Entire issue offered). The paper: pp. (991-) 1008. A bit of marginal soiling and some creasing to leaves.‎

‎First appearance of the paper which states the correct weight of the carbon atom. This research had profound influence on the development of organic chemistry. The paper in full was published the year after (1841) in ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"".""From 1840 onward he carried out an important revision of the atomic weights of thirty elements. His most valuable contribution in this field was his very precise determination of the atomic weight of carbon (jointly with his pupil Stas) in 1840. A previously accepted weight, determined by Berzelius as C = 12.20 (O = 16), was shown to be incorrect. Dumas proved that C = 12±.002 (O = 16) or C = 75 (O = 100). The analysis was made by burning diamond and artificial and natural graphite in oxygen"" the carbon dioxide formed was weighed in potash solution. The results were in close agreement. The ""new"" weight of carbon had a great effect on the progress of organic chemistry.""(DSB).‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 47238

‎"PASTEUR, LOUIS. - REVEALING A NEW KIND OF ISOMERISM.‎

‎Transformation des acides tartriques en acide racémique. Découverte de l'acide tartrique inactif. Nouvelle méthode de séparation de l'acide racémique en acides tartriques droit et gauche.‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier),1853. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome XXXVII, No. 5. Pp. (145-) 196. (Entire issue offered). Pasteur's paper: pp. 162-166.‎

‎First appearance of a milestone paper in chemistry in which Pasteur announced two momentous importent discoveries, that racemic acid could be separated into the two optically active tartaric acids and the discovery of ""mesotartaric"" acid.For his work on racemic acid and crystallography he received the prize of 1,500 francs from the Société de pharmacie (1853), membership in the Legion of Honor, and the Rumford Medal of the Royal Society (1856).""During this journey (travel to Vienna, Prag and Saxony) Pasteur met a German industrial chemist who claimed to have achieved what Pasteur then considered impossible - the chemical transformation of tartaric into racemic acid. Although he soon confirmed his belief that this particular claim was inaccurate, Pasteur unexpectedly achieved the transformation in May 1853 by heating cinchonine tartrate at 170°C. for five to six hours. This procedure also yielded a small amount of inactive ""mesotartaric"" acid, the existence of which Pasteur had predicted the year before and in search of which he had apparently undertaken the experiment. In the memoir (1 August 1853) in which he announced these two discoveries, Pasteur disclosed a new method for separating racemic acid into its left- and right- handed components. His original method, involving the manual separation of the crystals, was laborious and extremely limited in applicability. The central feature of the new method was the chemical combination of racemic acid with optically active bases. Under appropriate conditions they affected the solubility of the resulting paratartrates in such a way as to favor the crystallization of only one of the two forms that together compose the paratartrate. Although introduced by Pasteur only for the case of racemic acid, this new method clearly had wider applicability and was soon used to separate the left- and right- handed components in other ""racemic"" substances (substances inactive by compensation)."" (DSB)‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 47267

‎"HÖNIGSCHMID, O. et MLLE ST.-HOROVITZ - PROVING THE EXISTENCE OF LEAD ISOTOPES‎

‎Sur les poids du plomb de la pechblende.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1914. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 158, No 24. Pp. (1737-) 1839. (Entire issue offered). The paper: pp. 1796-1798.‎

‎First appearance of an importent paper proving the existence of lead isotopes and thus changed the course of chemical thinking by proving that the periodic table of elements could not be founded only on atomic weights. The paper is translated in Leicester ""Source Book in Chemistry 1900-1950"" with the translated title ""The Atomic Weight of Lead from Pitchblende"".‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 47269

‎"MENDELEJEFF, (MENDELÉEV, MENDELEYEV, MENDELÉEFF), DIMITRY IVANOVICH. - THE DECISIVE CONFIRMATION OF MENDELEEV'S PERIODIC TABLE OFTHE ELEMENTS.‎

‎Remarque à propos de la découverte du gallium.‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1875. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 81, No 21. Pp. (909-) 992. With titlepage to vol. 81. A stamp to verso of titlepage, showing on recto. Mendelejeff's paper: pp. 969-972.‎

‎First apperance of this importent paper which established that Gallium is identical with Eka-aluminum (the missing element between Aluminum and Indium) in Mendelejeff's periodic table. The properties of the new element corresponded well with those predicted. A bitter contorversy was raised between the discoverer of Gallium, Lecog de Boisbaudran and Mendelejeff. ""The discovery of the three elements predicted by Mendeleev was, however, of decisive importance in the acceptance of his law. In 1875 Lecoq de Boisbaudran, knowing nothing of Mendeleev’s work, discovered by spectroscopic methods a new metal, which he named gallium. Both in the nature of its discovery and in a number of its properties gallium coincided with Mendeleev’s prediction for eka-aluminum, but its specific weight at first seemed to be less than predicted. Hearing of the discovery, Mendeleev sent to France ""Zametka po povodu otkrytia gallia"" (the paper offered) (""Note on the Occasion of the Discovery of Gallium""), in which he insisted that gallium was in fact his eka-aluminum. Although Lecoq de Boisbaudran objected to this interpretation, he made a second determination of the specific weight of gallium and confirmed that such was indeed the case. From that moment the periodic law was no longer a mere hypothesis, and the scientific world was astounded to note that Mendeleev, the theorist, had seen the properties of a new element more clearly than the chemist who had empirically discovered it. From this time, too, Mendeleev’s work came to be more widely known""(DSB).Parkinson Breakthroughs"" 1875 C.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 47272