‎Mathématiques‎

‎"EULER, LEONHARD.‎

‎Sur quelques Proprietés des Sections Coniques, qui conviennent à une infinité d'autres Lignes Courbes. Traduit du Latin.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1746). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"" Tome I, pp.71-98.‎

‎First edition. In this memoir Euler deals with properties shared by Conic Sections and other curves. - Ensestrom E 83‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 35698

‎"YULE, G. UDNY.‎

‎On the Association of Attributes in Statistics: with Illustrations from the Material of the Childhood Society, &c. (Offprint from: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Vol. 194, pp.257-319).‎

‎London, The Royal Society, 1900. Large 4to. Original printed wrappers. Some fraying to extremeties. Back wrapper loose. Vertical folding mark.‎

‎First edition, offprint issue of this important paper. ""Yule's studies of the correlation of continuous variables led him, in 1900 [offered paper], to study measures of association for discrete variables, in particular the cross-ration c ('odds ration') in 2 x 2 contingency table and its transform Q=(1-c)/(1+c), now known as 'Yule's coefficient'. This led to an altercation with Pearson in which Pearson's capacity for acrimonious and illdirected criticism was displayed, in marked contrast to Yule's gentler mode of expression. Even Fisher, who as a young man had felt the sharpness of Pearson's pen, was later moved to remark 'Pearson' attacked Yule's work at one time much more violently than ever he did mine'."" - Heyde: Statisticians of the Centuries, p.293.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 35749

‎"TARSKI, ALFRED.‎

‎Pojecie Prawdy w Jezykach Nauk Dedukcyjnych (Polish). [The Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages]. - [FOUNDING MODERN LOGICAL SEMANTICS]‎

‎Warszawa, 1933. Small 4to. Orig. printed wrappers, sunned at the edges, but otherwise near mint condition, also internally. An excellent copy. VII, (1), 116, (1, - errata) pp.‎

‎The exceedingly scarce first printing of Tarski's most important and influential work, ""The Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages"", which founded modern logical semantics.The work appeared in an extremely small number, in Polish, and many copies of the article have later been destroyed, thus, the work is of the utmost scarcity. In this seminal article the Polish-American logician and mathematician Alfred Tarski devotes himself to ""the definition of truth"". ""Its task is to construct -with reference to a given language- a materially adequate and formally correct definition of the term ""true sentence""."" (Introduction, English translation, 1956). With this work the face of logic was changed forever. The ""Concept of Truth"" constitutes a landmark event in 20th century analytic philosophy, and it ranks as one of the most important contributions to symbolic logic, semantics and philosophy of language. In this work Tarski develops the semantic theory of truth for formal languages and determines the fact that no language can contain its own truth predicate. Tarski thus concluded that the semantic theory could not be applied to any natural language. -This was later used by e.g. Davidson to construct his truth-conditional semantics, and the problems solved by Tarski are some of the same that Russell and Whitehead struggled to solve in their ""Principia Mathematica"".Tarski (1901-1983) has contributed seminally to the fields of mathematics and logic in a number of ways, and together with Frege, Russell and Gödel, he now ranks as one of the most important contributors to the field of modern logic. At the time of Franz Brentano (1838-1917), one of the philosophers of the greatest significance for contemporary philosophy and in many ways a forerunner of present-day empiricism, it was very unusual for a metaphysician to acknowledge that philosophical investigation must go hand in hand with an analysis of language. Linguistic analysis has thus been almost totally limited to the pure empiricists of philosophy, who reject all forms of metaphysics. Meanwhile, ontologists and metaphysicians have been satisfied with the ordinary language and asked no questions about its possible limitations, merely dismissing the logical faults and adding the odd neologisms. Today, however, especially within the English speaking tradition, linguistic analysis has reached a degree unheard of at the time of Brentano, and it is now generally accepted that certain logical and epistemological problems can be solved only by forsaking ordinary language and substituting it for artificially constructed language systems that follow certain principles. Thus, difficulties that appeared within earlier philosophical doctrines are meant to disappear if the theory can be formulated more precisely, and one of the most important examples is the ""adequacy theory of truth"". Tarski shows that the concept of truth of the adequacy theory can be introduced in a perfectly exact way within the formalized language systems that are equipped with precise rules of interpretation, and thus he rids us of the usual misgivings against the concept of truth. And thus he has developed one of the most important theories of modern logic.""Tarski's investigations are of singular philosophical significance for another reason as well. Within the framework of semantics, which he founded and which Carnap later developed further, it becomes possible for the first time to introduce the notion of an analytic judgment (or an analytic statement) in a form that is both sufficiently general and of the utmost precision. This notion also plays an exceptionally important role in Brentano's philosophy, especially in his studies in formal logic."" (Stegmüller, Main Currents... p. 56). When constructing a semantical system, a vocabulary of the desired object language must be determined as the first. Then formulation rules must be specified, before the rules of interpretation are laid down, and finally the rules of application are supplied. The most important rules here are the rules of truth, and the concept of truth is one of the most important semantical concepts at all, for without them no understanding of the sentences within the system would be ensured. And, of course, the truth definitions must satisfy a condition of adequacy. ""...This form of an adequacy condition that must be satisfied by every semantical truth concept goes back to the Polish logician, Stanislaw Lesniewski. But it was the logician Alfred Tarski who above all made use of this notion, and who first studied in detail the possibilities of introducing a formally exact and materially adequate concept of truth into the precise languages of science. Carnap's accounts of semantical systems rest largely on the prior works of Tarski."" (Stegmüller, p. 311). Tarski also pointed out that it is necessary for all semantical concepts, and especially for the concept of truth, to strictly separate object language and metalanguage. Otherwise we would put ourselves in the unlucky position of being able to prove both a statement and its negation at the same time. In the English translation from 1956 of Tarski's works, ""Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics"", the bibliographical information about this article is erroneous.‎

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‎"LEUPOLD, JACOB. & ERNST SCHEFFLER.‎

‎Theatrum arithmetico geometricum, das ist: Schau-Platz der Rechen- und Mess-Kunst, ... [With:] Theatri machinarum supplementum das ist: Zusatz zum Schau-Platz der Machinen und Instrumenten, ... - [THE ART OF CALCULATION AND MEASUREMENT]‎

‎Leipzig: Christoph Zunkel and Bernhard Christoph Breitkopf, 1727-1739. Folio. (372x239mm). Two parts in one volume. Contemporary vellum, two cuts in spine, modern slip case. Provenance: Book plates of Arnaud de Vitry and Andras Gedeon. Stamps to half-title and title-page, from Stadtbibliothek Augsburg - sold as duplicate. First part: (14], 200, (4) pp. and 45 plates, numbered I-XLIII (plate III with volvelle). Second part: (12), 100, (94) pp. and 40 plates on 36 sheets, numbered I-XL. All plates intact. An exceptionally fine copy.‎

‎The scarce first edition of the of the eighth and tenth volumes (each volume being a complete work in itself) of Leupold's magnificent ten-volume ""Theatrum Machinarum"" - one of the first encyclopedias of technology, being the most complete and the most extensively illustrated work on mechanical engineering published hitherto. Complete sets of Leupold's Theatrum are virtually never found and Ferguson stated in his bibliography of technology that he had never seen a complete set. Each volume is complete in itself. The eighth volume is of particular interest in the history of computers, as it deals mainly with calculating machines. This volume contains detailed descriptions of the calculating machines of Schott (1668), Grillet (1673), Leibniz (1674), Poleni (1709), and Leupold himself. The tenth volume is a supplement to the series published after Leupold's death by Ernst Scheffler. It deals with odometers, gyrometers, step counters and other devices for the measurement of distances. This volume is furthermore of importance, because it contains the 90 page general index to the entire series. Hook & Norman: Origins of Cyberspace, no. 6 (volume 8 only).Honeyman Sale, lot 1997 (volume 7 and 8).Macclesfield Sale, lot 1242 (volume 8 only).Ferguson: Bibliography of the History of Technology, pp.45-46.Wolf: A History of Science, Technology, & Philosophy in the 18th Century, pp.657-8.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 35955

‎"EULER, LEONHARD - LOGARITHMS OF NEGATIVE NUMBERS.‎

‎De la Controverse entre Mrs. Leibnitz & Bernouilli sur les Logarithmes des Nombres Negatifs e Imaginaires. (Controversy between Mr Leibniz and Mr Bernouilli on the logarithms of negative and imaginary numbers).‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1751). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome V, pp. 139-179.‎

‎First edition of this importent paper on the logarithms of complex numbers, where Euler clarified such functions. He disagreed with Leibniz that a special function was only applicable for positive numbers, and showed that i was applicable for both negative and positive numbers, only with a difference of a constant. When Euler here (the offered item) came out with the correct form for the logarithm, it was not generally accepted. - Enestrom, Euler Bibliography E 168.‎

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‎BEAUSOBRE, LOUIS de.‎

‎Dissertations philosophiques, dont la premiere Roule sur la Nature du Feu et la seconde sur les differentes Parties de la Philosophie, et des Mathematiques.‎

‎Paris, Durand, Pissot, 1753. Small 8vo. Uncut with broad margins in later marbled boards. Lower right corner of titlepage mended. (6),231,(1) pp. and 2 large folded tables. Light scattered brownspots.‎

‎First edition.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 36151

‎"STÄCKEL, PAUL und FRIEDRICH ENGEL.‎

‎Gauss, die beiden Bolyai und die nichteuklidischen Geometrie.‎

‎(Leipzig, Teubner, 1897). Lex8vo. No wrappers. Extracted from ""Mathematische Annalen"" Bd. IL, pp. 149-206.‎

‎First edition.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 36196

‎NIELSEN, NIELS.‎

‎Recherches sur les Nombres de Bernoulli.‎

‎K., 1913. 4to. 89 pp.‎

‎(Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter)‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 3628

‎"HINTIKKA, JAAKKO.‎

‎Knowledge and Belief. An Introduction to the Logic of the two Notions. - [FOUNDING CONTEMPORARY EPISTEMIC LOGIC]‎

‎Ithaca, New York, Cornell University Press, (1962). 8vo. Orig. full blue cloth w. blue lettering to spine and front board. Very minor bumping to capitals and minor bleaching to small part of lower spine. Original blue dust-jacket w. red lettering. Spine faded and some minor brownspotting. Stamp to title-page ( Weston College Library Weston, Mass.) and stamped library-number and date to verso of title-page. An excellent, internally near mint, copy in an unusually fine dust-jacket. Not price-clipped. X, 179 pp.‎

‎The uncommon first edition, first issue of Hintikka's seminal main work, which also constitutes the main work of contemporary epistemic logic.The Finnish born philosopher and logician, Jaakko Hintikka (born 1929), Professor of Philosophy at the University of Boston, is generally accepted as the founder of formal epistemic logic and of game semantics for logic. He has contributed seminally to the fields of philosophical and mathematical logic, philosophy of mathematics and science, language theory and epistemology. Independently of Evert Willem Beth he discovered the semantic tableau, and he is famous for his work on game semantics and logical quantifiers. In 2005 Hintakka was awarded the Schock Prize in logic and philosophy, the philosophical equivalent to the Nobel prize, ""for his pioneering contributions to the logical analysis of modal concepts, IN PARTICULAR THE CONCEPTS OF KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF "". The first edition of this seminal work, which has founded contemporary epistemic logic, is very difficult to find. The work was reprinted three times between 1962 and 1969, but after that the work was only printed again in 2005.""In 1962 Jaakko Hintikka published ""Knowledge and Belief: An Introduction to the Logic of the Two Notions"" with Cornell University Press. Almost every paper or a book on epistemic and doxastic logic that has appeared since then has referred to this seminal work. Although many philosophers working in logic, epistemology, game-theory, economics, computer science and linguistics mention the book, it is very likely that most have never literally had their hands on it, much less owned a copy. After a fourth printing in 1969, Knowledge and Belief went out of print and as many of us have found to our dismay, it has become increasingly difficult to find used copies at our local shops or online. It is our pleasure to provide the interdisciplinary community with this reprint edition of Knowledge and Belief."" (Abstract of the re-issue edition, Prepared by Vincent F. Hendricks & John Symons, King's College Publications, 2005).In this breakthrough work, Hintikka sets out to understand and explain the logical behavior of the two fundamental epistemological notions, Knowledge and belief. ""The word ""logic"" which occurs in the subtitle of this work is to be taken seriously. My first aim is to formulate and to defend explicit criteria of consistency for certain sets of statements - criteria which, it is hoped, will be comparable with the criteria of consistency studied in the established branches of logic. What the statements in question are like is also indicated in the title [...]"" (Chapter One, Prolegomena, p.3).""Knowledge and Belief"" has been extremely influential from the time of its appearance and continues to be so to this day, also due to the fact that epistemic logic has greatly influenced the fields of game theory, artificial intelligence and distributed computing.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 36630

‎"HINTIKKA, JAAKKO.‎

‎Knowledge and Belief. An Introduction to the Logic of the two Notions.‎

‎Ithaca, New York, Cornell University Press, (1964). 8vo. Orig. full blue cloth w. blue lettering to spine and front board. Original blue dust-jacket w. red lettering. An excellent, near mint copy in an astonishingly fine dust-jacket, not price-clipped. Old owner's name to front free end-paper. Internally very nice and clean. A very good copy. X, 179 pp.‎

‎First edition, second printing of Hintikka's seminal main work, which also constitutes the main work of contemporary epistemic logic.The Finnish born philosopher and logician, Jaakko Hintikka (born 1929), Professor of Philosophy at the University of Boston, is generally accepted as the founder of formal epistemic logic and of game semantics for logic. He has contributed seminally to the fields of philosophical and mathematical logic, philosophy of mathematics and science, language theory and epistemology. Independently of Evert Willem Beth he discovered the semantic tableau, and he is famous for his work on game semantics and logical quantifiers. In 2005 Hintakka was awarded the Schock Prize in logic and philosophy, the philosophical equivalent to the Nobel prize, ""for his pioneering contributions to the logical analysis of modal concepts, IN PARTICULAR THE CONCEPTS OF KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF "". The first edition of this seminal work, which has founded contemporary epistemic logic, appeared in 1962 and is very difficult to find. The work was reprinted three times between 1962 and 1969, but after that the work was only printed again in 2005. The second issue appeared in 1964 and the third in 1967.""In 1962 Jaakko Hintikka published ""Knowledge and Belief: An Introduction to the Logic of the Two Notions"" with Cornell University Press. Almost every paper or a book on epistemic and doxastic logic that has appeared since then has referred to this seminal work. Although many philosophers working in logic, epistemology, game-theory, economics, computer science and linguistics mention the book, it is very likely that most have never literally had their hands on it, much less owned a copy. After a fourth printing in 1969, Knowledge and Belief went out of print and as many of us have found to our dismay, it has become increasingly difficult to find used copies at our local shops or online. It is our pleasure to provide the interdisciplinary community with this reprint edition of Knowledge and Belief."" (Abstract of the re-issue edition, Prepared by Vincent F. Hendricks & John Symons, King's College Publications, 2005).In this breakthrough work, Hintikka sets out to understand and explain the logical behavior of the two fundamental epistemological notions, Knowledge and belief. ""The word ""logic"" which occurs in the subtitle of this work is to be taken seriously. My first aim is to formulate and to defend explicit criteria of consistency for certain sets of statements - criteria which, it is hoped, will be comparable with the criteria of consistency studied in the established branches of logic. What the statements in question are like is also indicated in the title [...]"" (Chapter One, Prolegomena, p.3).""Knowledge and Belief"" has been extremely influential from the time of its appearance and continues to be so to this day, also due to the fact that epistemic logic has greatly influenced the fields of game theory, artificial intelligence and distributed computing.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 36632

‎HINTIKKA, JAAKKO.‎

‎Identity, Variables, and Impredicative Definitions + Vicious Circle Principles and the Paradoxes. (In Journal of Symbolic Logic, Volume 21, Number 3, 1956 + Volume 22, Number 3, 1957). - [HINTIKKA'S TRANSFORMATION RULES]‎

‎(No place), The Association for Symbolic Logic, Inc., 1956 + 1957. 8vo. Both entire issues present, both in original printed wrappers. Volume 21, 3 w. a small loss to lower corner of front wrapper, minor loss to lower capital and a tear to lower front hinge, no loss. Upper corner of least few leaves and back wrappers creased (w. tear to wrapper). Volume 22, 3. w. minor loss to capitals. Both issues internally near mint. Vol. 21, 3: pp. 225-248 (entire issue: pp. 225-336)" Vol. 22, 3: pp. 245-249 (entire issue: pp. 225-336).‎

‎First printing of these two important, but for long overlooked, articles, which together constitute Hintikka's attempt to cope with Wittgenstein's elimination of identity as proposed in the ""Tractatus"". With the translation rules that Hintikka here put forward, he is the first to try to carry out Wittgenstein's suggestions systematically. The Finnish born philosopher and logician, Jaakko Hintikka (born 1929), Professor of Philosophy at the University of Boston, is generally accepted as the founder of formal epistemic logic and of game semantics for logic. He has contributed seminally to the fields of philosophical and mathematical logic, philosophy of mathematics and science, language theory and epistemology. Independently of Evert Willem Beth he discovered the semantic tableau, and he is famous for his work on game semantics and logical quantifiers. In 2005 Hintakka was awarded the Schock Prize in logic and philosophy, the philosophical equivalent to the Nobel prize, ""for his pioneering contributions to the logical analysis of modal concepts, in particular the concepts of knowledge and belief "". In the 1950'ies Hintikka took it upon himself to follow Wittgentein's suggestion of elimination of identity suggested in the ""tractatus"", and in the two offered articles, he succeeds in constructing a logic without identity. The main point of the two connected articles is to show that variables can be used in two ways. One way does not exclude coincidences of the values of different variables (inclusive interpretation of variables), the other does (exclusive interpretation of variables) and can be either weakly or strongly exclusive. He now claims that in the ""Tractatus"" Wittgenstein adopts the weakly exclusive interpretation of variable and then proves that the weakly exclusive quantifiers are able to express everything that the inclusive quantifiers plus identity can express, and without a sign for identity, - for the first time systematically supporting Wittgenstein's claim that identity is not an essential constituent of logical notation. ""There are a number of references to the exclusive interpretations of variables in current logical literature. An exclusive reading of variables was, in effect, suggested by Ludwig Wittgenstein in ""Tractatus logico-philosophicus. As far as I know, however, no one has previously tried to carry out his suggestions systematically. Several misconceptions seem to be current concerning the outcome of an attempts of this kind. Carnap expects radical changes in the rules of substitution. If I am not mistaken, however, at least one form of the exclusive interpretation may be formalized by making but slight alterations in the axioms and/or in the transformation rules of the predicate calculus. Also I hope to say that it is not correct to say (as Russell has done) that Wittgenstein tried to dispense with the notion of identity. What a systematic use of an exclusive reading of variables amounts to is a new way of coping with the notion of identity in a formalized system of logic. Under the most natural formalization of the new interpretations, the resulting system is equivalent to the old predicate calculus (with identity): every formula of the latter admits of a translation into the former, and vice versa."" (Vol. 21, Nr. 3, p. 228).""A deviation from standard English. Recent discussion serves to bring out, amply and convincingly, the utility of observing the ordinary correct use of words and phrases for the purpose of clearing up philosophical problems. In this paper, I shall endeavour to show, by means of an example, that the reverse method may have its interest, too. "" (Vol. 21, Nr. 3, p. 225). ""This note is a sequel to the previous paper of mine which was entitled ""Identity, variables, and impredicative definitions"" and published in this JOURNAL, vol. 21 (1956, pp. 225-245. That early paper served to call attention to the dependency of the set-theoretic paradoxes on the interpretation of the variables that may occur in the critical ""abstraction principle"". (Vol. 22, Nr. 3, p. 245).Besides these two articles, the two issues also include other important articles within logic, e.g. Quine, ""Unification of Universes in Set Theory"" and Symonds and Chisholm ""Inference by Complementary Elimination"".‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 36635

‎LABOUREUR, MAURICE.‎

‎Cours de Calcul Mathematique. Algebrique, Differentiel, & Integral. Avec 357 Figures dans le texte.‎

‎Paris & Liege, Béranger, 1921. Royal8vo. Orig. full cloth. VIII,563 pp.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 36683

‎LAURENT, H.‎

‎Theorie & Pratique des Assurances sur la Vie.‎

‎Paris, n.d.ca. 1900. Small8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Gilt back. 176 pp.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 36784

‎"WIENER, NORBERT.‎

‎Extrapolation, Interpolation, and Smoothing of Stationary Time Series. With Engineering Applications.‎

‎Published jointly by The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, New York - Chapman & Hall, London, 1949. 8vo. Publishers full cloth. Provenance: Handwritten signature to front free end paper of statistician Anders Hald (author of ""A History of Mathematical Statistics""). A fine and clean copy. IX,(1),163,(1) pp.‎

‎First edition of this classic in modern communication theory. The work was circulated as a classified memorandum in 1942, as it was connected with sensitive war-time efforts to improve radar communication. Combining ideas from statistics and time-series analysis, Wiener used Gauss's method of shaping the characteristic of a detector to allow for the maximal recognition of signals in the presence of noise. This method came to be known as the ""Wiener filter.""‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 36948

‎BOUTROUX, PIERRE.‎

‎Lecons sur les Fonctions définies par Les Équations differentielles du Premier Ordre. Avec une Note de Paul Painlevé.‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1908. Solid private hcloth. (6),190 pp.‎

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‎[BOLYAI - GAUSS] SCHMIDT, FRANZ. & PAUL STÄCKEL (EDS.).‎

‎Briefwechsel zwischen Carl Friedrich Gauss und Wolfgang Bolyai.‎

‎Leipzig, T.B. Teubner, 1899. 4to. Original half calf with gilt spine lettering. XII,(4),208 pp. and numerous facsimiles.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 37118

‎GARABEDIAN, H.L.‎

‎Approximation of Functions. Proceedings of the Symposium on Approximation of Functions, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warrwn, Michigan, 1964.‎

‎Amsterdam, London, New York: Elsevier, 1965. 8vo. Publishers full cloth with dust jacket. VIII, 220 pp.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 37440

‎HAYES, J.G. (ED.).‎

‎Numerical Approximation to Functions and Data. Based on a conference organized by the Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications, Canterbury, England, 1967.‎

‎London: Athlone, 1970. 8vo. Publishers full cloth with dust jacket. VIII,177,(1) pp.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 37443

‎BACHMANN, K.-H.‎

‎Programmierung fuer Digitalrechner.‎

‎Berlin: Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1962. 8vo. Publishers full cloth. VIII,162,(2) pp.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 37445

‎"BURNSIDE, WILLIAM.‎

‎Theory of Groups of Finite Order. - [GROUP THEORY]‎

‎Cambridge, University Press, 1897. 8vo. Original publishers cloth with gilt spine lettering. Extremeties slightly worn, else fine. Owners signature on front free end paper. Other wise clean throughout. Uncut, mostly unopend. A fine copy. XVI,388 pp. Text illustrated.‎

‎First edition. ""With hope of stirring up interest in group theory in England, Burnside published his 'Theory of Groups' in 1897. It was the first treatise on groups in English and also the first to develop the theory from the modern standpoint of abstract groups vis à vis permutation groups, ..."" (Dictionary of Scientific Biography). This book was to have a major influence in the development of group theory. In 1899 Burnside was elected to the Council of the London Mathematical Society and in the same year the Society awarded him the De Morgan medal. He was to be President of the Society from 1906 to 1908 and continued to serve on the Council until 1917.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 37457

‎CARNAP, RUDOLF.‎

‎Meaning and Necessity. A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic. - [THE DEFINITIONS OF L-TRUE AND L-FALSE]‎

‎Chicago, (1947). 8vo. Orig. green full cloth w. gilt lettering to spine, minor bumping to extremities, with the scarce original green dust-jacket, not price-clipped. D-j. w. several tears to extremities, some resulting in loss, the worst being to top of spine (ab. 2x1 cm) and top of back (ab. 1,5 1 cm.). Old owner's name erased from bottom of title-page, one page with underlinings. Otherwise a very nice and clean copy. VIII, 210 pp.‎

‎The not common first edition, with the scarce dust-jacket, of Carnap's important main work on semantics, in which he, as the first logician ever, uses semantics to explain modalities. This led to an interest in the structure of scientific theories, and his main concerns here were to describe the distinction between analytic and synthetic statements and to suitably formulate the verifiability principle" -he thus wishes to find a criterion of significance that can be applied to scientific language.It is in his ""Meaning and Necessity"" that Carnap first defines the notions of L-true and L-false (Chapter II). A statement is said to be L-true if its truth depends on semantic rules, and L-false if its negation is L-true. Any statement that is either L-true or L-false is L-determined"" analytic statements are L-determined, while synthetic statements are not L-determined. As opposed to the definitions he gives in his ""The Logical Syntax of Language"", these definitions now apply to semantic instead of syntactic concepts. It is also in this work that he gives his interesting explanation of his ""belief-sentences""Rudolf Carnap (born 1891 in Ronsdorf, Germany, died 1970 in Santa Monica, California) was an immensely influential analytic philosopher, who has contributed decisively to the fields of logic, epistemology, semantics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of language. He was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle, and a prominent logical positivist. He studied philosophy, physics and mathematics at the universities of Berlin and Freiburg, and worked at the universities of Jena, Vienna and Prague until 1935, when he, due to the war, emigrated to the U.S., where he became an American citizen in 1941. In America he became professor of the University of Chicago. In Jena he was appointed Professor of Mathematics, though his main interest at that time was in physics. By 1913 he planned to write his dissertation on thermionic emission, but this was interrupted by World War I, where he served at the front until 1917. Afterwards he studied the theory of relativity under Einstein in Berlin, and he developed the theory for a new dissertation, namely on an axiomatic system for the physical theory of space and time. He thus ended up writing the important dissertation under the direction of Bouch on the theory of space (Raum) from a philosophical point of view. After the publication of his first work, Carnap's involvement with the Vienna Circle began to develop. He met Reichenbach in 1923 and was introduced to Moritz Schlick in Vienna, where he then moved to become assistant professor at the university. He soon became one of the leading members of the Vienna Circle, and in 1929 he, Neurath, and Hahn wrote the manifest of the Circle.According to Hintikka, Carnap came extremely close to possible-worlds semantics in his ""Meaning and Necessity"", but did not succeed, because he was not able to go beyond classical model theory (see ""Carnap's heritage in logical semantics"" in ""Rudolf Carnap, Logical Empiricist"").‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 37524

‎HILBERT, DAVID.‎

‎Hilbertiana. Fünf Aufsätze.‎

‎Darmstadt, 1964. Orig. full cloth. (4),108 pp.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 37540

‎COUTURAT, LOUIS.‎

‎Les Principes des Mathematiques avec un Appendice sur la Philosophie des Mathematiques de Kant.‎

‎Paris, Felix Alcan, 1905. Bound with orig. printed frontwrapper in contemp. hcalf. Gilt back. VIII,310,(1) pp.‎

‎First edition.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 37634

‎COUTURAT, LOUIS.‎

‎L'Algèbre de la Logique.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1905. Small 8vo. Orig. hcloth. 100 pp. + Publishers Catalogue 11 pp.‎

‎First edition. (Scientia, Mars 1905, Phys.-Mathématique No 24).‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 37744

‎HARDY, G.H.‎

‎Divergent Series.‎

‎Oxford, Clarendon Press, (1956). Royal8vo. Orig. full cloth. XVI,396 pp.‎

Referentie van de boekhandelaar : 37835