(Antibarbari) Erasmus, DesideriusBiblio.com
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1520ref. 375736Basel: Froben 1520. First edition printed in May. Woodcut borders to title leaf and dedication by Hans Holbein printer's device on last page. 150 2 imprint pp. 4to. Eighteenth-century marbled boards ink label. Some toning to spine. Very good fresh copy. First edition printed in May. Woodcut borders to title leaf and dedication by Hans Holbein printer's device on last page. 150 2 imprint pp. 4to. Ignorantiam esse superbiae matrem. Eruditionem contra modestiam parere. Ignorance is the mother of pride; it is from learning on the contrary that modesty is born. First edition of Antibarbari Erasmus' manifesto "defending the arts against the scruples of the barbarians" Tracy. Erasmus argues for the primacy of poetry among the liberal arts for the importance of critical understanding of the writers of classical antiquity and for appropriating what is good in their work. He is also scornful of rote learning and blind repetition of earlier scholarship where "cuckoo calls to cuckoo". In Petro summus erat ardor fidei in Hieronymino summa doctrina: alterius animum alterius studia imitar. In Peter there was the ardour of faith at its highest; in Jeronme there was learning at its best. It is for you to imitate the spirit if the one and the scholarship of the other. This was a work of very long ripening. Erasmus began the earliest version circa 1490 when he was a newly ordained monk but that manuscript was left behind in his wanderings. Decades later when he came across his earlier work he was at the center of intellectual controversy following publication of of his edition of the New Testament. He revised his Antibarbari to assert the humanist position and Froben published it in May 1520. There were six editions of the work in the early 1520s Froben himself published another edition later the same year and ten editions in his lifetime. "it is ignorance rather than erudtion which makes men insolent" FIRST EDITION OF A KEY WORK BY ERASMUS. VD16 E1997; Valentina Sebastiani Johann Froben Printer of Basel 170; Bibliotheca Erasmiana p. 9; Adams E-463; Bezzel 157. The standard modern text iwith translation by Margaret Mann Phillips˜The Antibarbarians" is in the Toronto Collected Works vol. 23 1978 Froben unknown
1513ref. 2454Basel: and Strasbourg: and Paris:: Io. Froben and Excusum per Renatum Beck in aedibus zum Thiergarten and Jean Petit In vico Sancti Iacobi 1515 and 1515 and 1513. THIRD FROBEN EDITION of the "Praise of Folly". The two prior editions also appeared in 1515. Written in 1509 as a visitor's gift to Thomas More whose name -Morus- was so aptly similar to the Greek "moros" folly the "Moriae Encomium" was first printed by Gilles de Gourmont at Paris probably in 1511. The first of the Froben editions appeared in 1515. This copy is bound with the "Germania" of Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini Pope Pius II together with the "Responsio" of Jakob Wimpfeling; and an edition of Lactantius edited by Gilles de Maizières and printed at Paris by Jean Petit. Large Quarto:. 20.2 x 15 cm. 3 works bound in one volume: I. Piccolomini: i-iv A-B4 C8 D-E4 F8 G-H4 I8 K-L4 M8 N-O4 P6. II. Lactantius: A6 B4 a-z8/4 A-D8/4 E6 F-N8/4 O6 P4. III. "Praise of Folly": a-h4 a-z4 A-B4 C6 Bound in contemporary quarter alum-tawed pigskin over wooden boards with working clasps and catches. The pigskin is tooled in blind with repeating vines and floral rolls. The text and binding are beautifully preserved. The contents are fresh and bright with wide margins and a number of deckled edges. Excellent. The "Germania" has a fine title page printed in red and black and surrounded by a fine woodcut border. The printer's beautiful device by Hans Baldung Grien appears on the final leaf. The Lactantius has Jean Petit's device on the title page. The text is adorned with fine floriated criblé initials. A contemporary reader has annotated the "De Opificio Dei" densely in Latin and added a long Latin poem to the final two leaves. The "Praise of Folly" has a fine Holbein border with the decapitation of John the Baptist in the lower register and affine woodcut border with a fool by Urs Graf on the contents leaf. This edition includes the original dedicatory letter to Thomas More whose name Erasmus plays upon cleverly in the title of the work; and the letter to Martin Dorp in which Erasmus explains his motives for writing the "Moria": "My aim in the 'Folly' was exactly the same as in my other works. Only the presentation was different. In the 'Enchiridion' I simply outlined the pattern of a Christian life. In my little book the 'Education of a Christian Prince' I offered plain advice on how to instruct a prince. In my 'Panegyric' I did the same under the veil of eulogy as I had done elsewhere explicitly. And in the 'Folly' I expressed the same ideas as in the 'Enchiridion' but in the form of a joke." The Froben edition is augmented with a number of other texts See the final paragraphs of this description.Praise of Folly:"The 'Praise of Folly' is Erasmus' most famous and controversial work… In Erasmus' lifetime the 'Moria' was condemned in 1527 by the theologians of Paris for its attacks on faith and morality and again in 1533 by the Franciscans who found it full of heresies. The officials of the Sorbonne put it on the list of condemned books in 1542 and 1543 a list that was the basis of the Tridentine Index of 1564…"The 'Moria' may start as a learned joke to amuse a fellow humanist Thomas More but it moves into sharp criticism of contemporary mores and ends with a plea for a return to the Christianity of the Gospels… Erasmus writes in a Lucianic spirit of irreverent burlesque of the gods of classical mythology and light-hearted amusement at the irrationality of mankind. Folly argues that she is all that is natural youthful fecund and happy and that life would be intolerable if it were not ruled by civilized conventions which necessitate a degree of humbug and illusion. By contrast the Stoic ideal rational man is a 'kind of marble statue of a man devoid of sense and any sort of human feeling.' She then shifts her viewpoint and lists the people who enjoy her benefits in so far as they try to preserve their illusions or are happy in their ignorance self-deception or self-love. She even adds superstitious piety to alchemy gambling and the nobility's obsession with hunting and extravagant building…"Next Erasmus starts to deliver a sharp and often bitter attack on all the victims of blind folly those who are deaf to the voice of true religion and lacking the gentler Christian virtues among whom are sycophants self-seekers money-makers pedants scholastics lawyers theologians superstitious worshippers of images and relics courtiers and kings worldly monks and irreligious pontiffs. This section culminates in a savage thrust at Pope Julius II the bellicose pope. The keen wit and ingenuity of the satire can be highly entertaining but there is no note of gaiety now. As Erasmus surveys the gulf between the Church and the 'true philosophy of Christ' he moves into the final section where the alternative offered to barren scholasticism is the vision of reality taken from Plato and folly in the sense used by Saint Paul that of receptivity to the Christian message by the 'fool in Christ.' All irony is dropped until the final short epilogue when Folly light-heartedly cuts short her 'hotch-potch of words'; this is a direct and simply worded account of Erasmus' personal belief moving into an exposition of the Neoplatonist concept that the soul's ascent to beatitude ends in ecstasy a form of folly which is its supreme fulfillment."Betty Radice CWE Vol. 27 pp. 78 ff.Piccolomini's "Germania":Shortly after 1455 Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini came into possession of the recently rediscovered manuscript of Tacitus' "Germania" the most important ancient account of Germany in the first century. In response to a letter from the Bishop of Mainz lamenting the miserable state of the Holy Roman Empire Piccolomini wrote his "Germania" based on Tacitus' own in which he demonstrates that the present high level of German culture as compared with the barbarous past as presented by Tacitus is an accomplishment of the Church. This edition includes the important response by Jakob Wimpfeling in defense of the ancestors of the Germans.Additional "Moria" texts:The Froben editions of the 'Moria' contain in addition to Erasmus' main text two ancient examples of the mock-encomium Seneca's "Ludus de Morte Claudii Caesaris" and Synesius of Cyrene's "De Laudibus Calvitii" "In Praise of Baldness" translated from the Greek by the Englishman John Phreas d. 1465. In his introductory letter to Thomas More Erasmus cites both the "Ludus" and the "Praise of Baldness" in a pre-emptive defense against those who will object to his literary frivolity "levitas et ludicrum argumenti" pp. 102-104 in this edition. The text of the "Moria" is accompanied by the commentary of Gerard Listrius with assistance from Erasmus. I. "Germania": BM STC German p. 701 = Proctor 10307. Not in Adams. Panzer VI.75.410. Ritter 1878. Muller Bibliographie Strasbourgeoise II 228 no. 26. Schmidt Beck 21. II. Lactantius: Adams L-14; BSB-Ink L-13; HC 9819; Moreau Inventaire chronologique II 637. III. "Praise of Folly": Vander Haeghen I 122; Kossmann 967; Bezzel 1304; Not in De Reuck; BM STC German p. 282; Adams E 392; VD 16E 3184 Io. Froben, and Excusum per Renatu[m] Beck in aedibus zum Thiergarten, and Jean Petit, In vico Sancti Iacobi, 1515 and 1515 and books
1523ref. ABC_49639Strassburg 1523. 8vo. Colophon: Johann Knobloch Contemporary elaborately blind-tooled pigskin over wooden boards remnants of brass anchor plates. Ad 1 with a woodcut frame on the title page 1 woodcut decorated initial and Knoblochs large woodcut device on the verso of the last blank leaf. Ads 2 and 3 with 1 woodcut decorated initial each. Ad 4 with a woodcut architectural frame on the title page and 1 large woodcut decorated initial. 4 works in 1 volume. 106; 57 1 blank; 49 1 blank ll.;158 pp. Four significant early 16th-century works that illuminate the intellectual and theological tensions of the Reformation. Ad 1: The Enchiridion militis christiani Poinard of the Christian Knight one of Erasmus most influential writings serves as a practical manual for inner reform and devout living. Emphasising moral integrity over ritual this widely reprinted work became a cornerstone of Christian humanist thought.Ad 2: The two homilies in De immensa Dei misericordia include a sermon on divine mercy likely composed for the dedication of a chapel in Basel and a second comparing virginity and martyrdom written for the Benedictine nuns of Cologne. Both reflect Erasmuss pastoral sensibilities and rhetorical skill.Ad 3: In De libero arbitrio Erasmus directly challenges Luthers doctrine of predestination in a pivotal treatise on free will. This foundational text marking the definitive break between the two reformers is one of the periods most significant theological works.Ad 4: The volume concludes with an early -and apparently rare- edition of Henry VIIIs Assertio septem sacramentorum a fierce rebuttal of Luthers De captivitate Babylonica. This work earned the English king the title Fidei Defensor from Pope Leo X. A splendid collection that captures the core tensions of the Reformation and the humanist response to it.Ad 1 with some of the text underlined. Ad 2 with manuscript annotations in the margins. Ad 3 with some marginal annotations and some of the text underlined. Ad 4 with a manuscript inscription on the title page and a few annotations in the margins. The binding shows signs of wear some small pieces of leather missing on the back board revealing the wood below remnants of fastenings along the fore-edge ads 2 and 3 with some minor worm holes in the paper barely affecting the text some staining and browning in places. Otherwise in good condition.l Ad 1: USTC 650175 7 copies; Vander Haeghen I 80; VD 16 E 2772; Ad 2: Bezzel 1131; VD 16 E 3041 and VD 16 E 3659; not in the USTC; Ad 3: VD 16 E 3151; not in the USTC; Ad 4: VD 16 H 2166; this ed. not in USTC. EARLY PRINTING & MANUSCRIPTS RELIGION & DEVOTION Church History & Missions Early Printing - 16th century Erasmus Humanism & Reformation Philosophy & Humanism Religion 16th Century ZZ 001 De Graaf Inkopen hardcover
1550ref. 50048London: imprynted at London by Iohn Day dwellinge ouer Aldersgate beneth saint Martyns. And are to be sold at his shop by the litle conduit in Chepesyde at the sygne of the Resurrection 1550. First edition small 8vo 139 x 86mm ff. 116 collating A-O⸠Pâ´; printed in Black Letter throughout; woodcut initials; later vellum-backed marbled boards; title leaf torn at the top margin no loss; the binding lightly rubbed. Early ownership signature of Thomas Ferrar on the title page; ex-Earls of Macclesfield with their North Library bookplate on the front pastedown and their blindstamp at the top of the title page. Part of this is a translation of the De civilitate morum puerilium. libellus of Desiderius Erasmus which was regularly reprinted throughout the 16th century. Rare: ESTC records only 6 copies of this translation only the Huntington and Yale in the U.S. STC 22484; Alston VI 8. Sherry's work "is a mirror of one variation of rhetoric which came to be called the rhetoric of style. As a representative of this stylistic school.it carries forward the medieval concept that ornateness in communication is desirable; it suggests that figures of speech are tools for achieving this ornateness; it supplies examples of ornateness to be imitated in writing and speaking; it supports knowing the figures in order to understand both secular and religious writings; it proposes that clarity is found in the figures. In short the work assisted Englishmen to understand eloquence as well as to create it" Herbert W. Hildebrandt in his introduction to the 1977 facsimile reprint. imprynted at London by Iohn Day dwellinge ouer Aldersgate, beneth saint Martyns. And are to be sold at his shop by the litle con hardcover books
1542ref. 140949529London: Richard Grafton 1542. First Edition. Good. First English translation of Erasmus' collection of Classical wisdom. Small octavo -8 4 a-z8 A-X8 Y6 lacking leaf z1 p. 177 and blank leaf Y6. 376 leaves foliated. xx 176 178-345 12 pp. 62 '53' 64 '55' 83 '81' 100 '84' 119 '118' 122 '101' 144 '143' 222 '224' 224 '222' 225 '522' 273 '275' 275 '273' 277 '279' 279 '277' 311 '310'. Blackletter type on laid paper decorative capitals colophon with printer's device at rear. Bound in near-contemporary calf ruled in blind all edges stained red. Good with heavy wear to covers chipping at head of spine; lacking two leaves as noted. Margins tightly trimmed with frequent shaving to sidenotes slight worming to lower left margin corner through p. 112 light toning and dampstaining to contents. Evidence of bookplate removal to front pastedown round wax stain to p. 104 and facing page several inkstains. Generations of ownership signatures to title and colophon pages occasional ink marginalia. Devereux 3.3.1. The Dutch humanist Erasmus of Rotterdam was the greatest Renaissance scholar in Northern Europe. His Apophthegmata a collection of Greek and Latin adages and anecdotes was first published in Latin in 1531. The English playwright Nicolas Udall translated Books III and IV of the lengthy work into English intending his portion to be the first in a series of pocket-sized scholarly works. It was however a dangerous time to publish Erasmus. The humanist's criticism of clerical corruption had paved the way for Martin Luther's denunciation of the Catholic Church. There was a conservative backlash against reform after the 1540 execution of Henry VIII's fixer Thomas Cromwell who had patronized both Udall and his publisher Richard Grafton. In 1541 Grafton was imprisoned for publishing an epistle by a Lutheran reformer. He was sentenced again in 1543 'for printing off such bokes as wer thought to be unlawfull.' Grafton and Udall did better under Henry's successor Edward VI who after his ascension ordered that a copy of Erasmus's commentary on the New Testament edited by Udall be kept in every church in England. Among the faded names beautifully inscribed in this copy is that of Philemon Holland 1552-1637 whose fame as a translator surpassed that of Udall. He gave the world the first complete translation of Livy into English and followed it with Pliny the Elder's Natural History. Udall's rendering of Latin into English would have interested Holland professionally though he doubtless owned a copy of the original as well. Richard Grafton unknown
ref. 109061Argentorati Strassburg in aeidibus Matthiae Schurerii August 1511. . Second edition first dated edition; 4to 20.2 x 14.5 cm; dated ownership inscription in pen to title Roman and Greek type lower edge of G1 torn with loss not affecting text slight toning and soiling occasional underlining in ink; 19th-century vellum gilt spine gilt in compartments gilt lettering to second and fifth compartments on black morocco lettering-pieces edges stained red slight warping to upper board light soiling to boards; collation: A8 B4 C8 D4 E8 F4 G-H6 with final blank leaf H6 present ff. The scarce first dated edition of Erasmus' Moriae Encomium an important work of humanist rhetoric which satirised the corruption and religious hypocrisy of Europe's elite. Printed two months after the undated Paris edition by Gilles de Gourmont of which only a handful of copies survive all of them in institutional libraries. The present edition almost as rare is not merely a reprint of the Paris edition but contains additional material including an address and laudatory letter to Erasmus by his fellow humanist Jakob Wimpfeling. All early editions are exceedingly scarce with only three appearing at auction in the last 100 years that we could trace. The first English translation was not published until 1549 although there had been Czech French and German editions prior to this. 'The Praise of Folly was written when Erasmus was staying in the house of Thomas More in the winter of 1509-1510. Its title is a delicate and complimentary play on the name of his host: its subject matter is a brilliant biting satire on the folly to be found in all walks of life. The book stemmed from the decision which Erasmus had taken when he left Rome to come to England that no form of preferment could be obtained at the sacrifice of his freedom to read think and write what he liked The work was first secretly printed in Paris and as in other cases its immediate success safeguarded him from the consequences of his audacity Whenever tyranny or absolute power threatened The Praise of Folly was re-read and reprinted. It is a sign of what was in the air that Milton found it in every hand at Cambridge in 1628. His inherent scepticism has led people to call Erasmus the father of 18th-century rationalism but his rationalist attitude is that of perfect common sense to which tyranny and fanaticism were alike abhorrent' PMM 43. Despite the risky nature of the work and its explicit and implicit attacks on established religion and authority figures of the time its rapid popularity ensured that the author and the work were left unmolested by church and state at least until Erasmus' death in 1536 after which his previously untainted reputation was diminished. By 1559 all of his works had been proscribed under the insidious Index Auctorum et Librorum Prohibitorum. Bezzel 1298; cf. PMM 43; Vander Haeghen 122. Argentorati (Strassburg), in aeidibus Matthiae Schurerii, August 1511. hardcover
ref. 93719Argentorati Strassburg in aeidibus Matthiae Schurerii August 1511. . Second first dated edition; small 4to leaves measuring 19.4 x 13.8 cm; occasional minor coeval underlining and marginalia to earlier part of text very light stain to lower margin at gutter throughout not affecting text bibliographical clippings tipped onto front endpapers; bound in antique style calf; 96pp; A8 B4 C8 D4 E8 F4 G-H6 with the final blank leaf H6 present ff. First dated & earliest procurable edition of Erasmus' 'In Praise of Folly'. The scarce first dated edition of Erasmus' Moriae Encomium an important work of humanist rhetoric which satirised the corruption and religious hypocrisy of Europe's elite. Printed two months after the undated Paris edition by Gilles de Gourmont of which only a handful of copies survive all of them in institutional libraries. The present edition almost as rare is not merely a reprint of the Paris edition but contains additional material including an address and laudatory letter to Erasmus by his fellow humanist Jakob Wimpfeling. All early editions are exceedingly scarce with only three appearing at auction in the last 100 years that we could trace. The first English translation was not published until 1549 although there had been Czech French and German editions prior to this. An excellent example of a classic work of paradoxical satire in which folly is personified and holds up a mirror to mankind. An extremely significant work both in its own right and for its influence on the Protestant Reformation in general. Sir Thomas More's own magnum opus Utopia was at least in part written as a response to Moriae Encomium. 'The Praise of Folly was written when Erasmus was staying in the house of Thomas More in the winter of 150910. Its title is a delicate and complimentary play on the name of his host: its subject matter is a brilliant biting satire on the folly to be found in all walks of life. The book stemmed from the decision which Erasmus had taken when he left Rome to come to England that no form of preferment could be obtained at the sacrifice of his freedom to read think and write what he liked. The work was first secretly printed in Paris and as in other cases its immediate success safeguarded him from the consequences of his audacity. Whenever tyranny or absolute power threatened The Praise of Folly was re-read and reprinted. It is a sign of what was in the air that Milton found it in every hand at Cambridge in 1628. His inherent scepticism has led people to call Erasmus the father of eighteenth-century rationalism but his rationalist attitude is that of perfect common sense to which tyranny and fanaticism were alike abhorrent' PMM 43. Despite the risky nature of the work and its explicit and implicit attacks on established religion and authority figures of the time its rapid popularity ensured that the author and the work were left unmolested by church and state at least until Erasmus' death in 1536 after which his previously untainted reputation was diminished. By 1559 all of his works had been proscribed under the insidious Index Auctorum et Librorum Prohibitorum. We can trace copies in just 12 institutional collections worldwide: 3 in the British Isles BL University of Cambridge and Bodleian Library 2 in France BnF and Université de Strasbourg 43 in the USA Folger Shakespeare Library Harvard University Divinity School and Ohio State University 3 in Germany Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Universitaet Goettingen and Wurttembergische Landesbibliotherk and 1 in Denmark Det Kgl. Bibliotek. Bezzel 1298; cf.PMM 43; Vander Haeghen 122. Argentorati (Strassburg), in aeidibus Matthiae Schurerii, August 1511. unknown
