Anon.Biblio.com
Anon/ Edouard-Thomas Simon (1740-1818); M Mailhol; Gabrielle D'etrees, Voltaire; Alexander PopeBiblio.com
Histoire Des Malheurs De La Famille Des Calas Jusqu'apres Le Jugement Rendu En Leur Faveur Pour La Justification De La Memoire De Jean Calas Pere Le 9 Mars 1765. Precedee De Marc-Antoine Calas Le Suicide A L'univers. Heroide. With Lettres En Vers Ou Epitres Heroiques Et Amoreuses 1766 With Lettre En Vers En Gabrielle De Vergy A La Comtesse De Raoul Soeur De Rauoul De Coucy With Lettre De Gabrielle D'etrees A Henri Iv. Precedee D'une Epitre A M. De Voltaire Et Des Reponse With Lettre Amourese D'heloise A Abelard Traducion Libre De M. Pope Par M. Colardeau Nouvelle Edition Revue & Corrigee Par L'auteur
1766Best.-Nr. 060313Paris: Chez Cailleau Librairie 1765 / Sebastien Jorry 1766 / Chez La Veuve Duchesne 1766 1766. 1st Edition . Hardcover. Very Good. X 11-64 Viii 9-51 32 38 I 30. Several Items 1765 And 1766 Bound In One Full Patterned Calf Spine Elaborately Gilt. Worldcat Shows Only Four Institutional Holdings One In France Of The Calas Title 64 Pp. WearClean No Marks Fraying At Corners. Jean Calas 1698 - 10 March 1762 Was A Merchant Living In Toulouse Languedoc France Who Was Tried Judicially Tortured And Executed For The Murder Of His Son Despite His Protestations Of Innocence. Calas Was A Protestant In An Officially Catholic Society. Calas Along With His Wife Was A Protestant. France Was Then A Catholic Country; Catholicism Was The State Religion With No Legal Right For Individuals To Practice Different Faiths. While The Harsh Oppression Of Protestantism Initiated By King Louis Xiv Had Largely Receded Protestants Were At Best Tolerated. Louis One Of Calas's Sons Converted To Catholicism In 1756. On 13-14 October 1761 Another Of The Calas Sons Marc-Antoine Was Found Dead On The Ground Floor Of The Family's Home. Rumors Had It That Jean Calas Had Killed His Son Because He Intended To Convert To Catholicism. When Interrogated The Family Initially Claimed That Marc-Antoine Had Been Killed By A Murderer. Then They Declared That They Had Found Marc-Antoine Dead Hanged; Because Suicide Was Considered A Heinous Crime Against God And Since The Dead Bodies Of Suicides Were Defiled They Had Arranged For Their Son's Suicide To Look Like A Murder. Despite Jean Calas's Claiming That His Son Died By Suicide And The Testimony Of Jeanne Viguière Calas's Catholic Governess The Parlement Regional Court Of Toulouse Held That Jean Calas Had Murdered His Son. And On 9 March 1762 The Court Sentenced Him To Death By Torture. The Government Stretched His Arms And Legs Until They Were Pulled Out Of Their Sockets. Seventeen Litres 36 Us Pints Of Water Was Poured Down His Throat. He Was Tied To A Cross In The Cathedral Square On Which Each Of His Limbs Was Broken Twice By An Iron Bar. Yet Even Under This Torture Calas Continued To Declare His Innocence. French Philosopher Voltaire Was Contacted About The Case And After Initial Suspicions That Calas Was Guilty Of Anti-Catholic Fanaticism Were Dispelled By His Investigations He Began A Campaign To Get Calas's Sentence Overturned Claiming That Marc-Antoine Had Committed Suicide Because Of Gambling Debts And Not Being Able To Finish His University Studies Due To His Denomination.Voltaire's Efforts Were Successful And King Louis Xv Received The Family And Had The Sentence Annulled In 1764. The King Fired The Chief Magistrate Of Toulouse The Capitoul The Trial Was Done Over And In 1765 Jean Calas Posthumously Was Exonerated On A "Vice De Procédure" Not On The Original Charges With The Family Paid 36000 Livres By The King In Compensation.2 Voltaire An Outspoken Critic Of The Catholic Church Cited The Instance As An Example Of The Church's Severity In His 1763 Work Treatise On Tolerance. Édouard-Thomas Simon Known As " Simon De Troyes " 1740-1818 Was A French Doctor And Librarian .Simon Practiced Medicine In Troyes For Twenty Years Before Moving To Paris In 1786 Where He Divided His Time Between His Profession And The Pursuit Of Literature. At The Beginning Of The Revolution He Was Appointed A Member Of The Councils Of Public Health Public Relief Etc. Of The Capital. During The Establishment Of The Constitution Of The Year Iii Simon De Troyes Had The Plan For A Common Library For The Two Legislative Councils Adopted Became Its Curator And Under The Consulate Passed With The Same Title To The Library Of The Tribunate . After The Suppression Of The Tribunate He Entered Public Education And Became A Professor Of Literature At The Lycée In Besançon. Chez Cailleau, Librairie (1765) / Sebastien Jorry (1766) / Chez La Veuve Duchesne (1766) hardcover
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