SLAVE TRADEBiblio.com
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1787Best.-Nr. 162443London: Printed by Charles Eyre and Andrew Strahan 1787 i.e. 1788. Among the earliest Parliamentary responses to the British slave trade First edition of the first British law to regulate slave shipping preserved in its original volume of yearly parliamentary acts. The law bound 54th in this volume pioneered techniques of popular abolitionist appeal. The Slave Trade Act 1788 limited the number of enslaved persons that could be transported on British ships. It also required that all ships carried a doctor to monitor the conditions of the enslaved persons. The Act was supported through Parliament by Sir William Dolben 1727-1814 and Charles Stanhope 1753-1816. LoGerfo notes of their campaign that "the machinery used to appeal to the literate public would also be used in the future" p. 450. This volume collects 57 acts passed by the 16th Parliament of Great Britain which met from November 1787 to July 1788 and was led by Pitt the Younger. Like all Parliamentary statutes of this period the Slave Trade Act was separately printed with a general title page for inclusion in the yearly volumes of acts. Most of these statutes were printed with their own title pages included in the signatures and pagination - here all such pages have been removed. These laws were printed in limited numbers usually estimated at around 1100 copies only. The volume includes laws against chimney sweeps and child labour and measures to compensate dispossessed American loyalists in the years after the Revolution. Folio 304 x 191 mm pp. 1012 = 900 title pages of individual acts removed. Woodcut device to title page woodcut head- tailpieces and initials to contents. Contemporary quarter sheep spine lettered and with black morocco label in gilt marbled paper sides. Bumping and wear minor loss to spine ends joints cracked but holding firm slight browning and foxing to endpapers and contents slight marking to edges: a good copy. ESTC N58828; N58797 Slave Trade Act. James W. LoGerfo "Sir William Dolben and "The Cause of Humanity": The Passage of the Slave Trade Regulation Act of 1788" Eighteenth-Century Studies Vol. 6 No. 4 Jun. 1973. unknown
Best.-Nr. 10960Scroll 385 x 8560 mm. with fine colored paintings using brush ink & various colors of wash of the route and major features along the way. Japan: mid-Edo. The route from Edo today’s Tokyo to Nagasaki and vice versa by land and by sea was one of the major thoroughfares and trade routes of Edo-period Japan. The Dutch and Chinese had been allowed to establish exclusive trading outposts in Nagasaki and Edo was the heart of domestic commerce and administration. Foreign goods especially silks other luxury items raw materials useful to the military and medicinal goods flowed through Nagasaki to Edo and the rest of Japan while Japanese goods including copper silver and porcelain were transported to Nagasaki for export. Most of the silver was sent to China to settle the trade balance. From the late 1670s to the 1740s Japan was the world’s largest copper producer and exporter. This route also carried the head of Nagasaki’s Dejima trading post to Edo for frequent mandatory ceremonial audiences with the shogun. The beginning of our scroll depicts the land route from Edo to Kyoto and then on to Osaka. The famous battleship Atake Maru is seen docked at the mouth of the Sumida River. Starting from Edo Castle in the great capital the scroll proceeds to Nagoya and Kyoto along the TÅkaidÅ road which was the most important highway of the Edo period. It depicts in great detail and with manuscript labels: stations on the route; bridges; major castles temples and shrines; the palace at Kyoto; other notable buildings; important geographical features including Mount Fuji partly shrouded in clouds; and towns and villages along the way. Distances are given and travellers are well-depicted showing their various clothing. Also shown are ships and skiffs in the nearby sea. We see more landmarks along the TÅkaidÅ road from Kyoto to the commercial hub and port city of Osaka an extension built in the 1620s. Arriving at Osaka we view the great castle the city’s canals and other sites. The rest of the scroll shows the hazardous passage from Osaka to Nagasaki through the 400 km. long Inland Sea Seto Naikai. The accomplished artist depicts the two main routes and alternate routes depending on the weather one for summertime in the open sea and the other hugging the coast for wintertime. Another route is shown that involved landing in the Bungo area of Kyūshū island and crossing overland to Nagasaki. Navigating through the Inland Sea with its 3000 plus islands and rocky outcroppings presented enormous problems in the era before modern navigation systems. Shown in very great detail are areas of turbulence including famous whirlpools numerous islands rock formations landscapes for orientation anchorages harbors along the way and fishing areas. The route then passes through the narrow Kanmon Strait the stretch of water separating the main island of Honshu and Kyūshū to the Sea of Japan finally arriving in Nagasaki. Dejima is prominently shown. A foreign ship is shown passing the GotÅ islands making its way to Nagasaki. Our scroll is finely drawn in black ink and heightened with wash in green blue gray pink and red. The routes are drawn from a partial “bird’s-eye” perspective with lovely vistas of mountains and islands and villages and towns. In fine condition preserved in an oldish wooden box which has the inscription on the outside of the lid 江戸長崎海陸é“ä¸çµµå›³ “From Edo to Nagasaki Travel by Land and by Sea Illustrated”. Inside this lid is the ownership inscription of RyÅra Gakuto. unknown
1770Best.-Nr. 97Birmingham or Sheffield 1770. Oblong folio. 390 x 220 mm. 15 1/4 x 8 3/4 inches. Vellum spine over decorative blue paper wrappers paper label with title in Italian on upper board and ink title in Italian on spine. Paper stock toned with age a few leaves with staining in the margin otherwise in good condition. Silversmith model book containing 80 full-page engravings of candles sticks and holders candelabra pitchers plates salt and pepper shakers serving utensils silverware and other household pieces. Each image is beautifully and careful engraved with rich detail and ornamentation. Each includes a printed product number as well as one in ink with a different item number and a price. Although there is no title-page or signatures of engravers this large sales catalogue appears to be English as some of the engravings have English words of explanation engraved in the text. The binding is definitely Italian and the paper label is in an Italian hand. The watermark is a "fleur de lis" pattern suggesting an international company manufacturing the silver. There were only a few English companies with the capacity to export at this time including silver works in Sheffield and Birmingham both of which by 1770's had established networks of dealers selling their wares across the continent. This catalogue with specific Italian connections is very unusual and suggests the scope of the business had reached export capacity by the third quarter of the century. The most important Italian silver makers at this time were Giardini of Rome and Venuti of Naples. . unknown
1762Best.-Nr. ABC_508791762. Various sizes. Ad 1-3: Contemporary sturdy paper wrappers sewn on 3 vellum supports; ad 4: the 12 documents are held together by a narrow paper wrapper with the text: "Onafgedaane Indiësche zaaken concentreerende de Amphioen Societeyt" and a string. With 12 manuscript documents and a manuscript on paper in 2 different hands. 15 1 blank; 3 ll. Collection of thirteen Dutch manuscripts concerning the Amfioensociëteit Amfioen Society documenting both its establishment in 1745 and its dissolution half a century later. Founded by the Dutch East India Company VOC to maintain its monopoly on the opium trade in the Dutch East Indies the Amfioensociëteit controlled one of the colony's most profitable monopolies until its liquidation in 1794.The earliest manuscript ads 1-3 contains the charter octrooi granted to the society for the period 1745-1755 together with its renewal for 1755-1765. Although the original charter was printed in Batavia in 1745 and survives in a single known copy that edition does not include the renewal. The present manuscript further contains a third text added in a different hand and dated November 1762 concerning the management of the society's outstanding affairs. Written on paper bearing the watermark of the VOC Chamber of Amsterdam it was probably intended for official administrative use.The remaining twelve documents relate to the financial settlement following the dissolution of the society in 1794. Most date from 1793 1794 and 1797 with one document dated 1807 reflecting the prolonged liquidation process. They concern the distribution of assets among shareholders outstanding debts and other administrative matters arising from the winding up of the company. Several documents are signed by Pieter van de Weert dates unknown cashier of the Amfioensociëteit while others mention Jacob Mossel 1704-1761 governor-general of the Dutch East Indies and the society's first director and Gerard Maximiliaan Taets van Amerongen 1727-1788 who was married to Mossel's daughter. Although several documents are headed "Copie" they are contemporary manuscript records rather than later transcripts many containing calculations annotations and other traces of active administrative use. Together they document the final years of the Amfioen Sociëteit and the administration of its dissolution.The wrappers of ads 1-3 are somewhat water stained with worm holes in the back wrapper and final leaf. The leaves are somewhat water stained especially the 3 final leaves an ink stain on leaf 12; the remaining 12 documents are folded several with small tears in the margins without loss of text occasional mild soiling. Otherwise in good condition.l Cf. Landwehr VOC 1449 printed copy of ad 1; STCN 240022416 1 copy; Wit Herman de 2012. Aandeelhouders van de opgeheven Amfioensociëteit in 1801. AUTOGRAPHS DOCUMENTS & MANUSCRIPTS ECONOMY TRADE & NUMISMATICS LOW COUNTRIES Autographs & Letters Economic History & Trade Indonesia / Dutch East Indies Manuscripts & Documents VOC hardcover
1713Best.-Nr. 68433London: Printed by John Baskett 1713. Spain Grants Britain a Monopoly on the Slave Trade in the Americas First edition in English of one of the most important documents in the history of slavery in the Americas and in the political and financial history of Europe and the Americas in the early 18th century. This copy is housed in a large sammelband containing dozens of original documents and extracts related to English-Spanish relations. Though the term "assiento" could refer to any number of Spanish contracts "the Assiento" almost always refers to the "Assiento de Negros": a monopoly contract granted by the Spanish crown between 1528 and 1779 for the sole right to import slaves from Africa into the Spanish colonies. Normally granted to individual companies the 1713 Assiento was granted directly to the British crown as part of negotiations for the Treaty of Utrecht which ended the War of Spanish Succession. In the decades following this 1713 Assiento an estimated 200000 enslaved Africans were transported across the Atlantic. The document grants sole privilege for the trade to the British crown for a period of thirty years expiring in 1743. The agreement consisting of forty-two articles allows for a maximum of 4800 slaves to be introduced to the colonies each year with a provision for increasing that annual amount each year by paying an added duty places limits on sale prices sets the cost of the duty to be paid for each enslaved person allows for the use of British or Spanish ships and mariners in the slave trade provides for the French Guinea Company's extraction from the colonies and establishes the details of precisely where British ships would be allowed to travel and trade. The British were also granted the unique privilege to send one vessel with a cargo of up to 500 tons of other trade goods to the Spanish colonies each year. While the Assiento seemed a lucrative deal most Assientists over the years saw considerable losses due to the difficulty of cross-Atlantic trade and the duties paid to the Spanish king. The real benefit to its grantees was not profits from the slave trade but rather the illegal ability to send other contraband on board their vessels to the otherwise closed-off Spanish markets in the New World. Britain was eager to get their own products overseas and to deny this revenue stream to the French who had held the Assiento since 1701 thereby preventing them from refilling their coffers too quickly and upsetting the balance of power in Europe after the costly War of the Spanish Succession. Queen Anne delegated the Assiento privilege to the South Sea Company which had recently been established to pay off Britain's considerable national debt. The privilege was largely granted to them as an encouragement to investors in order to allow the Company to achieve its original purpose more readily. Ultimately however it proved to be a costly and unprofitable endeavor for the South Sea Company who were able to import only about one-third of their allowed quota of slaves each year were frequently interrupted by war and were required to render twenty-five percent of their profits to King Philip V of Spain. The present example comes from the British Foreign Office Library inlaid and bound into a folio volume of other treaties between Great Britain and Spain arranged chronologically by treaty date. Over the course of many years the library of the Great Britain Foreign Office inlaid copies of nearly every treaty involving Great Britain to folio size and bound them together by region. The library was dispersed in the late 20th century with most of the volumes and particularly the American volumes sold by this company. Most of the other treaties with Spain within this volume are clippings or extracts from larger works or true copies in manuscript of treaties dated between the years 1176 and 1739. Included in the volume however is a separately printed English edition of the Treaty between Great Britain and Spain as part of the Treaty of Utrecht ESTC T51509. There are two issues of the Assiento treaty; this is the issue with a semicolon after "Assiento" and no punctuation after "or" on the titlepage. A crucially important document in the history of colonial trade Spanish-British relations English finances and slavery in the Americas. Folio. 19th-century half roan and marbled paper boards. Boards worn some restoration at joints. Text trimmed and inlaid into folio sheets bound in volume of treaties between Great Britain and Spain. Bookplate of the British Foreign Office Library on front pastedown. HANSON 1896. ESTC T4476. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 713/85. JCB 1III:175. SABIN 2227. SPERLING 34. hardcover
1713Best.-Nr. 186652London: Printed for John Baskett Printer to the Queens most Excellent Majesty And by the Assigns of Thomas Newcomb and Henry Hills deceas'd 1713. A foundational document in the transatlantic slave trade First edition of a major development of the transatlantic slave trade which greatly expanded the market for British slave traders in the Americas and helped establish Britain as the predominant slave trading power. After the War of the Spanish Succession Spain ceded to Britain the exclusive right to import African slaves into Spanish America. This monopoly the Assiento was delegated to the newly formed South Sea Company and held until 1750. The supposed value of the Assiento was the basis of the South Sea Bubble. In fact the restrictive terms - slave numbers were capped and all shipments were heavily taxed by the Spanish Crown - resulted in the South Sea Company never making substantial profit from the agreement. Nonetheless the Assiento played a major role in boosting and consolidating Britain's role in the Atlantic slave trade. The front free endpaper contains a detailed contemporary owner's note naming the binder of the volume - John Worrall - the price paid how it was constructed and how the book should be used: a very unusual survival. The notes state "This book Intituled State Pamphlets was bound by John Worrall for 2s. 2d. and containes 425 leaves". Little is recorded of John Worrall. He was apprenticed from 1674 to 1682 and was working at Warwick Court in 1709 and at Fleet Ditch in 1722. He died in 1726 all from Howe p. 103. The notes continue that the contents are consecutively numbered in manuscript and to use that numbering not the pagination of the original pamphlets. It specifies that "Remarks" are to be "entred in the proper cleane leaves as the observation thereof sees best" - blanks are bound between the tracts. It then notes that the manuscript table should be placed as the second leaf as is found. It refers the reader to another volume with more detailed instructions - it is evident the volume was held in a library which anticipated wide use. The nine other works bound in the volume - an inventory is available on request - date from 1688 to 1714 and are tracts on religion law and politics alongside the Treaty of Utrecht. It includes Jonathan Swift's first political work A Discourse of the Contests and Dissensions between the Nobles and Commons in Athens and Rome 1701 - this copy is the second issue with most of the first edition type corrected and reset. 10 works bound in 1 vol. quarto 206 x 156 mm. Contemporary calf red morocco label to style covers ruled in blind edges sprinkled red. 19th-century ownership signature "S. Louise Langdon" to verso of manuscript contents leaf. Joints and extremities restored slight staining to endpapers a little browned occasional trimming to pagination. Overall very good. ESTC T4476 another issue only has Baskett in the imprint; Kress 5020; Sabin 2227. Ellic Howe A List of London Bookbinders 1648-1815 1950. unknown
1883Best.-Nr. 188758China and Britain: 1883-1911. Prickly heat mosquitos coolies yelling and no ice every alternate day - makes life not worth living A voluminous record of the business and social affairs of Henry Whistler 1861-1951 a representative of the merchants Evans Pugh & Co. and the chair of the British Municipal Council. Offering an immediacy often missing from company archives it reveals a world in which personal relations greased the wheels of commerce and a life of long hours punctuated with intrigue and drama. Armed with a £100 life insurance policy Whistler arrived in Hankow in December 1885. After the obligatory tourism "Went through native city No ambition to go there again" - 23 December 1885 he settled into an expatriate life. He led the council from 1896 to 1897 and 1898 to 1904 was appointed the Dutch vice-consul in the late 1880s and served as chairman of the Hankow Club. His businesslike entries of varying lengths note important events and commercial information. Dozens of associates recur: Sir Robert Bredon the customs commissioner; personnel from many firms e.g. Tokmakoff Molotkoff & Co. the tea giant; Alexander Price the secretary of the chamber of commerce; and the veteran Scottish trader J. R. Reddie. Evans Pugh & Co. traded in hides rhubarb tobacco and tea and it later developed an interest in land sales. He notes orders and the names of brokers arrivals and departures and commercial gossip as well as costs and prices land auctions and other transactions. His colleague J. A. Hawes is a perpetual problem being "frequently under the influence of liquor and unable to attend to his business. Mr Behrend tells me that J.A.H. has been of no use in the tearoom this year" 26 June 1897 and 28 May 1901. The volume for 1896 includes a lengthy memorandum regarding extensions to Hankow's concessions. In Beijing in October Whistler made representations to Sir Claude MacDonald the British minister and Sir Robert Hart the head of the maritime customs on behalf of his firm and the municipal council. "HBM Consuls in this affair as well as in almost all matters treat British interests with great contempt" 7 October 1896. In 1897 Whistler married Emma Augusta Howard b. 1874 the daughter of a customs official. Later volumes reveal the strain his work placed on their relationship. In the summer heat or amid the Boxer threat he retreated to Lushan Kuling and Shanghai. Insubordinate servants "Dismissed my boy 'Afa' for cheek and squeezing" - 27 July 1887 and diarrhoea are part of the daily grind. Horseracing cricket and parties at Victoria Hall afford welcome relief. Whistler spent time in Britain in 1891 1895 and 1902-03 although whenever he was in Britain he still transacted business relating to his China affairs. "Having done more than my share of work for the British Municipal Council" 2 March 1905 he took his final leave in 1907 tipping in a copy of the RSVP card for his farewell dinner at the Hankow Club on 11 March. Other accompanying ephemera include his 1897 certificate of registration in Hankow and his wedding invitation. Together 29 Letts desk diaries including 26 octavo and 3 duodecimo. Legible manuscript entries throughout. Original green cloth spine and front covers lettered in gilt marbled endpapers and edges bookmarkers. Trunk 370 x 570 x 155 mm: lid lettered "H. Whistler Shanghai" handles key lock no longer functional. General signs of handling as expected: a very good collection. hardcover
1792Best.-Nr. 12195Düsseldorf: s.n. 1792. Contemporary mottled calf rebacked restored marbled endleaves. ILLUSTRATED PATTERN AND PRICE BOOK OF STEEL KNIVES AND FORKS MANUFACTURED AT SOLINGEN with the strict governmental guidelines for craftsmen and their commercial partners. The "City of Blades" Solingen was the largest sword knife and scissor manufacturer in the West. It employed over four thousand workers and exported globally. Through their rigid guild system est. 1571 the knife makers protected their trade secrets. Legal standards and strictures ensured the Solingen bladesmiths dominated the market and were the sole suppliers to elite merchants who commissioned bulk orders and custom products. Ordinary tradesmen - like the owner of this book - could only purchase ready-made items and had to pay cash. KNIVES FOR COBBLERS WOOD- AND LEATHERWORKERS BUTCHERS HUNTERS FARMERS TAILORS GARDENERS WEAVERS AND COOKS form the largest section in the volume. Each blade has a schematic manuscript illustration with separate costs for the work of smiths and for grinders. Many models adopt Dutch English French Flemish and Portuguese designs for the local chic and for export. Only the leatherwork knives are illustrated in watercolor 95 pieces marking a specialty of the owner of this sample book. THE SECTION ON FORKS HAS ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-EIGHT WATERCOLOR ILLUSTRATIONS and price lists of large carving tools to dainty ones for desserts 65 models. This other house specialty addressed the increasing adoption of forks by upper- and middle-class families in later 18th-century Europe. ANOTHER SECTION SHOWS HANDLES. These were exclusively manufactured by artisans called Reyder. Each of the two hundred three models listed was available in a range of specified styles and materials. The cost of each type of custom work like turning polishing and coloring is itemized. THE MOST PRIZED EXAMPLES ARE OF FINELY DECORATED BONE EBONY ANTLER GOAT HORN GUAIAC OR PALM WOOD. Look-alikes of "false deer horn" "false guaiac wood" etc. fit other budgets with imitation luxury finishes and less expensive materials. The illustrated examples of knives showcase eighteen different handle decoration options including black red white yellow or green dye black marbling and fine lacquer painting in abstract or foliate patterns. Seven handles are inscribed with German verse. In good condition some light staining hand soiled throughout. ¶Daniels Vollständige Beschreibung der Schwert-Messer- und übrigen Stahl-Fabriken zu Solingen 30-62. s.n. unknown
