Commerce

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United States Interstate Commerce CommissionBiblio.com

Decisions of the Interstate Commerce Commission of the United States December 1919 To Frebruary 1920: Interstate Commerce Commission Reports Volume 56

1920réf. 66469Washington DC: Government Printing Office 1920. Hardcover. Good. No dust jacket. xvi 850 pages. Table of cases reported. Table of cases cited. Opinions of the Commission. Supplemental Reparation Orders. Index Digest. Cover has some wear and soiling. Pencil erasure residue on fep. From Wikipedia: "The Interstate Commerce Commission ICC was a regulatory body in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads and later trucking to ensure fair rates to eliminate rate discrimination and to regulate other aspects of common carriers including interstate bus lines and telephone companies. The agency was abolished in 1995 and its remaining functions were transferred to the Surface Transportation Board. The Commission's five members were appointed by the President with the consent of the United States brought into law by President Grover Cleveland. The creation of the commission was the result of widespread and longstanding anti-railroad agitation. Western farmers specifically those of the Grange Movement were the dominant force behind the unrest but Westerners generally especially those in rural areas believed that the railroads possessed economic power that they systematically abused. A central issue was rate discrimination between similarly situated customers and communities. Other potent issues included alleged attempts by railroads to obtain influence over city and state governments and the widespread practice of granting free transportation in the form of yearly passes to opinion leaders elected officials newspaper editors ministers and so on so as to dampen any opposition to railroad practices. Various sections of the Interstate Commerce Act banned "personal discrimination" and required shipping rates to be "just and reasonable." The Commission had a troubled start because the law that created it failed to give it adequate enforcement powers. "The Commission is or can be made of great use to the railroads. It satisfies the popular clamor for a government supervision of the railroads while at the same time that supervision is almost entirely nominal."-William H. H. Miller US Attorney General circa 1889. Following passage of the 1887 act the ICC proceeded to set maximum shipping rates for railroads. However in the late 1890s several railroads challenged the agency's ratemaking authority in litigation and the courts severely limited the ICC's powers. Congress expanded the commission's powers through subsequent legislation. The 1893 Railroad Safety Appliance Act gave the ICC jurisdiction over railroad safety removing this authority from the states and this was followed with amendments in 1903 and 1910. The Hepburn Act of 1906 authorized the ICC to set maximum railroad rates and extended the agency's authority to cover bridges terminals ferries sleeping cars express companies and oil pipelines. A long-standing controversy was how to interpret language in the Act that banned long haul-short haul fare discrimination. The Mann-Elkins Act of 1910 addressed this question by strengthening ICC authority over railroad rates This amendment also expanded the ICC's jurisdiction to include regulation of telephone telegraph and wireless companies." Government Printing Office hardcover

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United States Congress Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Subcommittee on Trade, Tourism, and Economic DeBiblio.com

Economic Impacts of the Canadian Softwood Lumber Dispute on U.S. Industries; Hearing before the Subcommittee on Trade Tourism and Economic Development of the Committee on Commerce Science and Transportation United States Senate One Hundred Ninth Congress Second Session February 14 2006 S. Hrg. 109-380

2006réf. 90555Washington DC: U. S. Government Printing Office 2006. Presumed First Edition First printing. Wraps. Very good. iii 1 53 7 pages. The Chairman opened the hearing by saying "we’re anxious that this hearing be productive that while we explore these differences between the United States and our neighbor Canada we can better understand what is dividing us. And I think all of us hope for a new beginning with Canada. This is—however is an issue that has bedeviled people on both sides of the border. And a desire to have greater understanding and perhaps open up opportunities for further dialogue is the motive behind this hearing. So today’s hearing is going to examine the economic impacts of the Canadian softwood lumber dispute on the competitiveness and the survival of the American forest-products sector." The Chairman further stated "While I recognize the importance to consumers of an affordable supply of lumber that privilege neither outweighs nor is incompatible with trade laws of this country. Ultimately trade laws and trade agreements are to the advantage of American consumers but free trade assumes fair competition. Neither appears to be fully intact in the North American lumber market. This debate has lasted more than 20 years and we have two options before us. We can continue along a path of patchwork of tariffs and quotas or we can seek to resolve the differences in our lumber systems. We can continue to act as two countries with two markets or we can proceed as one continent with a shared market that abides by the same market rules. I realize that this dispute has strained relations with our neighbor to the north and that is most unfortunate. I deeply value our relationship with Canada which Churchill described once as the lynchpin of the English-speaking world. We share security and our democratic interests on this continent and throughout the world. Canada and the United States also have a very special economic relationship. Indeed we essentially form one large common market. For my part I want to extend to the new Canadian Government my sincere hope of a renewed North American relationship. The prompt resumption of negotiations with the United States on the softwood issue can and should be the inaugural act of that new relationship. The faster we can resolve our differences the sooner companies on both sides of the border can reassert themselves in the world market. If litigation is pursued at the expense of mutual settlement however I fear both countries and both economies will suffer. Mills on both sides of the border will continue to close and other nations beyond this continent will gladly fill in the gap. With respect to the U.S. Government I want to point out that the Canadian lumber dispute is the largest trade case in our history. This Administration and this Senator are both strong proponents of free trade. However my ability to continue supporting free-trade agreements rests upon confidence that U.S. industries are fully protected under U.S. trade law; by that meaning that they and their competitors are playing by the same rules. I applaud our officials at Commerce and USTR for the time and the gray hairs they have invested in this case and I very much look forward to their report." U. S. Government Printing Office paperback

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