Francs maçons

1920 — Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original manuscript on freemasonry. 28x21 cm. In Ottoman script (Turkish with Arabic letters). 3 p. Chipped on margins, folded. Otherwise a very good manuscript. Written on a paper watermarked "Labor: Extra Strong Bank". It includes "How should a Mason be and act?", it gives some hints on the last Ottoman Freemasonry. The history of Freemasonry in Turkey stretches back to the 18th century under Ottoman imperial rule. The first lodge in Turkey was probably established around 1721 in Istanbul by Levantines. Although Freemasonry in Turkey can be traced into the 18th century, for much of that time it was limited to lodges under the jurisdiction of foreign grand lodges, and there was no independent Turkish Grand Lodge. This changed in 1856 when the first Turkish Grand Lodge was established. Sultan Murad V was a member of the lodge, becoming the first and only Ottoman sultan to join. This first Grand Lodge was banned in 1876 by Murad's successor Sultan Abdulhamit Han. The Grand Lodge came back in 1909 in Istanbul under a new administration. Because the Grand Lodge was used to operate in secret, it was closed again in 1922, only to be opened in the year 1925 again. In 1935 the Grand Lodge has closed again. As a result of the repeated closures, the former Grand Lodge and its members were reluctant to support Kemal Atatürk's reformist policies. (Source: Wikipedia). No information about Dr. Nami.