Vertot

Rene Aubert Vertot , John MitchelBiblio.com

The History of the Revolutions in Sweden 1700

1700Best.-Nr. 14871700s. leather. See The Photo Gallery The History of the Revolutions in Sweden -Written by René-Aubert Vertot -Translated by John Mitchel Date: 1695 to 1716 There is no title page with printing information or maps. This edition is different in some ways from later editions that include a map and a Translator's Preface. see http://archive.org/details/historyofrevolut00vert founding Father John Adams personal Edition In the editions with an Translator's Preface is the note ""He has made a New Translation of the French Author's Preface and of the Second Part from p. 45 to 114." " This edition's Author's Preface is different from the one linked above which was dated 1716 and included the new translation as discribed in the newer added Translator's Preface. This edition's page numbers did not skip from A2 A3 A4 which include a salute to Duke of Shrewsbury who is a Talbot then an Author's Preface then goes into the Table of contents. Condition: Fair half leather bound no title page board hinges have been repaired spine leather pieces missing some foxing first page thinning has 'Dominican College Library Washington D.C. stamp on first page see photo and inside near center. Text block is very good for it's age of around 300 years old! 319 pages This book catalogues events from 1350-1560 when revolutions in Sweden changed the country by changing the Church from Catholicism to Reformation teachings. To his Grace the Duke of Shrewsbury by John Mitchel Preface 3 books in one Part I is 1350 to 1520 contents page Part II is 1521to 1560 History of the Revolutions in Sweden Part II Third book is A Chronological Abridgment of the History of Sweden beginning with 1849 years after the beginning of the world thought of as about 4000 BC so that would be 2151 BC to 1251 AD. " "In the 16th century Gustav Vasa fought for an independent Sweden crushing an attempt to restore the Union of Kalmar and laying the foundation for modern Sweden. At the same time he broke with the papacy and established a reformed church. The Union of Kalmar's final disintegration in the early 16th century brought on a long-lived rivalry between Norway and Denmark on one side and Sweden including Finland on the other. The Catholic bishops had supported the Danish King Christian II but he was overthrown by Gustavus Vasa 1490 1560 and Sweden with Finland was now independent again. Gustavus used the Protestant Reformation to curb the power of the church and became King Gustavus I in 1523. In 1527 he persuaded the Riksdag of V comprising the nobles clergy burghers and freehold peasants to confiscate church lands which comprised 21% of the farmland. Gustavus took the Lutheran reformers under his protection and appointed his men as bishops. Gustavus suppressed aristocratic opposition to his ecclesiastical policies and efforts at centralisation. . . Tax reforms took place in 1538 and 1558 whereby multiple complex taxes on independent farmers were simplified and standardised throughout the district; tax assessments per farm were adjusted to reflect ability to pay. Crown tax revenues increased but more importantly the new system was perceived as fairer and more acceptable. A war with Luebeck in 1535 resulted in the expulsion of the Hanseatic traders who previously had had a monopoly of foreign trade. With its own businessmen in charge Sweden's economic strength grew rapidly and by 1544 Gustavus controlled 60% of the farmlands in all of Sweden. Sweden now built the first modern army in Europe supported by a sophisticated tax system and government bureaucracy. Gustavus proclaimed the Swedish crown hereditary in his family the house of Vasa. It ruled Sweden 1523–1654 and Poland 1587–1668."" -From Wikipedia hardcover

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