1861rif. 126721861. Mills Clark. Abraham Lincoln life mask originally taken in February 1865 two months before the president's death. Mills' was the second and last life mask taken of Lincoln preserving his features directly from life rather than through later artistic interpretation. The cast is often compared to Leonard Volk's cast taken in 1860 shortly after Lincoln secured the Republican nomination and is a remarkable record of the toll the presidency and Civil War took on Lincoln physically. John Hay secretary to the president once noted that Volk cast shows "a man of fifty-one and young for his years. . . . full of life of energy of vivid aspiration. . . . .Mills' cast is so sad and peaceful in its infinite repose . . . . a look as of one on whom sorrow and care had done their worst without victory is on all the features." The Mills cast captured Lincoln's entire skull unlike the Volk which shows only the face. After Clark Mills. Abraham Lincoln life mask cast from the original 1865 mold. Plaster mask showing Lincoln's face from the forehead to below the chin with closed eyes lean cheeks pronounced cheekbones deep-set eyes narrow mouth and beard visible along the jawline. The casting emphasizes the elongated structure of Lincoln's face and preserves the asymmetry and modeling that gave later sculptors a direct reference for portrait accuracy. Mills was a New York born sculpter who developed his own method of creating plaster masks for portrait busts in the 1840s. His works include the equestrian statues of Andrew Jackson and George Washington which now reside in Washington D.C.'s Lafayette Square and Washington Circle respectively as well as the Statue of Freedom which sits atop the United States Capitol dome and over 100 portrait busts of Native American prisoners and Black students at the Hampton Agricultural and Industrial School now Hampton University. This original 1865 life mask became an essential source for later Lincoln portraits and sculptures especially after 1865 when artists and monument makers sought models for Lincoln memorials. The pieces has a unique documentary value distinct from painted or engraved likenesses often filtered through personal interpretation. Minor surface wear consistent with age; overall very good condition. Life masks are created in negative molds casts therein are created in relief "after" the original. It is unclear at when this particular cast was taken. unknown books
1911rif. 13604Chicago: A.C. McClurg & Co 1911. First Edition First Printing. Leather bound. Near fine. Signed first edition of Fifty Years of Public Service by Shelby M. Cullom Governor and Senator of Illinois and lifelong friend of Abraham Lincoln. Octavo xi 1 467pp. Three-quarter brown morocco with brown cloth boards gilt ruling on covers. Title in gilt on spine five raised bands with gilt-ruled compartments. Top edge gilt marbled endpapers. Stated "Published October 1911" on copyright page. Solid text block light wear to spine and corners faint toning to fore edge. A near fine example. Complete with 21 illustrated plates including frontispiece portrait. Signed on the half title by Senator Cullom. Senator Shelby M. Cullom 1829-1914 represented Illinois from 1883-1913 and served as Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference from 1911-1913. Earlier in his career Cullom was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1865-1871 and Governor of Illinois from 1876-1883. A.C. McClurg & Co unknown books
1836rif. 020572Halifax NS: Gossip and Coade Times Office 1836. First Edition. Hardcover. Light scattered foxing owner name on front endpaper some looseness of front cover with internal tape reinforcement. Overall Very Good. Small quarto 5-3/4" x 8-3/4" in original brown cloth rebacked with heavy brown binder's tape with most of the original spine label pasted on; xxxix 272 1 pages. Illustrated with a folding lithographic frontispiece "Parrsboro' From the Water 1836" a full-page lithograph "Cape Split 1836" and a hand-colored folding map "A New Map of Nova Scotia Cape Breton Prince Edward Island and part of New Brunswick" by C.H. Belcher with "Explanation of the Maps" bound in. Gossip and Coade, Times Office hardcover books
1927rif. 36305Amsterdam: H. J. Paris 1927. Goudsmit Samuel Abraham 1902-78. Atoommodel en structuur der spectra. 8vo. 8 68pp. 2-leaf "Stellingen" laid in. Text diagrams. Amsterdam: H. J. Paris 1927. 244 x 157 mm. Original printed wrappers a bit worn & creased. Very good copy. Ownership inscription on first leaf. First Edition of Goudsmit's doctoral thesis on atomic spectra an area in which he excelled: during his studies under Ehrenfest at the University of Leiden "Goudsmit concentrated so much on spectroscopy that Ehrenfest once-in the presence of the visiting Albert Einstein-told him: 'The trouble with you is I don't know what to ask you; all you know is spectral lines'" Mehra & Rechenberg I p. 696; see also pp. 695-707. Goudsmit obtained his doctorate in 1927 two years after he and Uhlenbeck published their landmark paper on electron spin which became a cornerstone of the new quantum mechanics. Electron spin is discussed in section 16 of Goudsmit's thesis. DSB. 36305. H. J. Paris unknown books
1707rif. 49257Frankfurt and Leipzig: The Heirs of Johann Grosse 1707. First edition. Paperback. Good. Two parts small quarto. :4 A-2G4 = 124 leaves. 8 230 10pp. Title in red and black. Lettrines and woodcut ornaments. Contemporary wrappers chipped at extemities; upper cover detached. Text moderately embrowned with some mostly marginal foxing. A good uncut copy. First edition. With a wonderful allegorical title in both Hebrew and Latin: "The daughter serves as midwife to the mother." Johann Abraham Kromayer 1665-1733 views the Arabic language as the "daughter" believed to be more recent who helps to extract meaning from the "mother" the earlier Hebrew of the Scriptures. Kromayer here labors somewhat in the shadow of his contemporary the Dutch orientalist Albert Schultens a great pioneer of such comparative studies in the Semitic tongues especially Arabic in the interest of biblical exegesis. VD18 10324968. Hebrew title: בת מילדת ל××. The Heirs of Johann Grosse paperback books
1974rif. 27879Rochester: Judaic Impressions 1974. Limited First edition. Hardcover. vg. 1/100. Folio. Unpaginated. Original black cloth with title-label laid on spine. Scarce first edition of this poignant work of Hurban literature the literature of the Holocaust. The five poems compiled in this book are witness of the unquenchable spirit of man. They are personal lyrical and so very Jewish. They speak to God - arguing protesting demanding pleading accusing and longing. Not as suppliant beggars or abject servants but as children who have a right to a Father's love care concern and as men whose task it is to remind the Father of His duty to His children. Very minor soiling/discoloration on covers. Binding in overall good to very good interior in near fine to fine condition. The poems are translated by the late Abe Karp: and include the folowing authors. Kwiatkovski Rivka; Meir Gutman; Martha H.; Yisrael Emiot; Hava Rosenfarb. Judaic Impressions hardcover books
1863rif. RLINLET00efH. H. Lloyd 1863. Fair. Lincoln Abraham. Letters of President Lincoln on Questions of National Policy. Pamphlet. New York: H. H. Lloyd 1863. 22pp. 12mo. Pink wraps. Book condition: Fair with detached rear cover faded and stained front one-inch loss from head and two-inch closed tear in front. Pages have a few faint stains not affecting text. Contains letters to General McClellan Horace Greeley Fernando Wood the Albany Committee Governor Seymour and the Springfield Meeting. Scarce. H. H. Lloyd paperback books
1947rif. 156219N.p.: N.p. 1947. Vintage reference photograph from the 1947 film showing actress Marlene Dietrich playing the zither. Stamp of photographer Whitey Schafer on the verso. Based on the 1946 novel by Jolán Földes about a British soldier who escapes from the Gestapo during World War II by posing as a gypsy. Shot on location in Bend and Corbett Oregon. 8 x 10 inches. Near Fine. N.p. unknown books
1937rif. D4334Paris: Obelisk Press 1937. First Edition. Paperback. Fair. Wraps; 5 loose gatherings pp. 40 3 plus frontispiece. From a limited edition of 200 numbered copies this one out of sequence and unnumbered though inscribed by Miller in the year of publication on the FFEP: "To Anne Poor from Henry Miller Paris 8/15/37 p.s. Jetzt musste die Welt versinker! Et comment!" Anne Poor like Miller was a painter. Wraps heavily chipped and water-stained; frontispiece water-stained on the verso though perfectly presentable. Obelisk Press paperback books
1584rif. 299318Antwerp: Abraham Ortelius 1584. unbound. Map. Uncolored engraving. Image measures 14" x 18 3/4" This map depicts several islands in the Mediterranean including Sicily Sardinia Elba Malta Corfu and Djerba. Towns are noted as well as topographic features such as mountains and rivers. Some discoloration at right margin and toning throughout. Creasing along original centerfold otherwise very good condition. Abraham Ortelius 1527-1598 a Flemish cartographer and geographer is widely regarded as one of the important and influential cartographers in history. He is known for his "Theatrum Orbis Terrarum" which was the first modern atlas. Van den Broecke #141 Abraham Ortelius unknown books
1603rif. 228104Antwerp: Abraham Ortelius 1603. unbound. very good. Map. Engraving with original hand coloring. Image measures 13.25" x 18.25". Beautifully colored map of Croatia. Shows place names topographical and geographical features a compass rose and a ship in the Adriatic. Latin text on verso. From "Theatrum Orbis Terrarum". Light scattered stains to margins and cartouche. Minor abrasion to upper right. A few small chips and tears to edges. Abraham Ortelius 1527--1598 a Flemish cartographer and geographer is widely regarded as one of the important and influential cartographers in history. He is known for his "Theatrum Orbis Terrarum" which was the first modern atlas. Van den Broecke 145 Abraham Ortelius unknown books
1767rif. D11183n.p. Berlin 1767. Hardcover. Very Good. 8vo 160 x 90mm. 4 363 1 pages. 18th-century mottled calf marbled endpapers and edges spine ends chipped scattered stains mostly marginal. Front flyleaf with contemporary French verse inscription Sur cet coteaux depouilles de verdure; je vois courir le lievre fuigtif et loiseau mort de froide accuse la nature and ownership inscription on title Elisabeth Lagravere. French translation of Sulzers theory on the origins of pleasure following a Cartesian school of thought. Zurich native Johann George Sulzer was a well-established member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and Belle-Lettres who published widely on the appreciation of art. Sulzers influence on aesthetic theory was well known within theoretical circles in late eighteenth century Berlin. Owing to the work of Descartes particularly his Passions of the Soul 1649 Sulzers work on the origins of pleasure aimed to initiate a move toward moral psychology and ethical theory within studies of the mind. Sulzer focused on the derivation of joy and gladness in the model of a Cartesian system; simply it opposed the idea of Hedonism which believed pleasure was the sole aim of humankind. Instead Sulzers theories supported a metaphysical experience within ones own cognitive condition. Sulzers work supplements the great accomplishment of many of his near contemporary theorists who contributed to the study of emotions Descartes Hobbes Malebranche and Spinoza. His work preceded that of Kants division of the mind into pleasure or pain and who with later Kant outwardly disagreed with the weakness of the proofs promulgated by Sulzer. Abraham Gotthelf Kästner was a German poet and mathematician also a devout Lutheran. He was known in his professional life for compiling and reflecting on content for textbook study. Kästner translated and revised this Sulzers theoretical work on pleasure showcasing his encyclopedic interests but remains better known for his contributions on the history of mathematics and his various epigrams. hardcover books
rif. 1335545London: Robert Sayer. Hardcover. Folio unpaginated. Half-bound in green-cloth and leather. Rebound. Mild rubbing and abrasions to leather; small area of cloth has peeled up from rear board. Pencil notation to verso of front free end paper. Inscription in ink to head of Introduction. Title page has been remargined though large portion is missing at head. Foxing creasing and soiling throughout text. Includes numerous architectural illustrations diagrams and floor-plans. Binding is sturdy. Good copy only. Spine is tan leather with six raised bands; gilt text in black box at head. Oversized books. Additional postage necessary for expedited/international orders. Economy International shipping unavailable due to weight restrictions. For international/expedited customers please inquire for rates Shelved in the back area with the other oversized books. 1335545. FP New Rockville Stock. Robert Sayer hardcover books
1869rif. 830041869. Manchester NH: Daily Mirror Office 1869. 46 pp. Manchester NH: Daily Mirror Office 1869. 46 pp. A Rare Somnambulism Sleepwalking and Insanity Defense: McDade 770 Trial. Prescott Abraham 1815-1836 Defendant. Report of the Trial of Abraham Prescott For the Murder of Mrs. Sally Cochran Of Pembroke June 23 1833. Executed at Hopkinton January 6 1836. Manchester NH: Daily Mirror Office 1869. 46 pp. Octavo 8-1/4" x 5-1/4"; 21 x 13.3 cm. Stab-stitched pamphlet in self-wrappers. Moderate toning very light foxing light soiling to exterior light edgewear and a few small tears to front wrapper which is separated but secured by thread. $450. First and only edition. Abraham Prescott 18 years old at the time had lived and worked with the Cochran family for several years. In January 1833 he had attacked both Chauncey and Sally Cochran in their sleep with an axe an incident the couple dismissed as an "unhappy occurrence of somnambulism" and did not press charges. Months later in June 1833 Prescott bludgeoned Sally Cochran to death with a wooden stake while they were picking strawberries. Prescott's defense attorneys argued that he committed the murder while sleepwalking and was not mentally responsible for his actions. Extensive testimony from medical experts and family members was presented to support claims of his troubled past history of sleep disturbances and hereditary insanity. Despite a vigorous defense the jury was unconvinced by the sleepwalking plea a novel legal strategy at the time. Prescott was found guilty in two separate trials and sentenced to death. The case garnered significant public attention and the controversy surrounding his mental state and eventual public execution led to the founding of New Hampshire's first mental institution. According to McDade "the defense was one of the best for that time on the subject of insanity" but the jury was unconvinced and Prescott was hanged. McDade notes that there is "much interesting information in this case on the superstitions and treatment of the weak-minded." An historical account offering insight into 19th-century law societal attitudes toward mental illness and the justice system of that era. McDade The Annals of Murder 770. unknown books
1712rif. 43188Franequerae Franeker: Ex Officina Wibii Bleck 1712. Later edition Vol. 1 First edition Vol. 2. Hardcover. g- to vg. Octavo 8 x 6 1/2" Vol. 1; 8 1/4 x 6 3/4" Vol. 2. 32 1134 36pp Index Vol. 1; 18 531 23 Index and Emendanda Vol. 2. Contemporary full vellum with handwritten title to spine. Main title in first volume in red and black lettering. Title vignette for each title page. Decorative head- tailpieces and initials. "Observationum Sacrarum" is an impressive collection of material on "philological exegetical and theological topics which grew over the decades into an impressive six-volume set the seven and last volume was published posthumously. The collection consists largely of material prepared in connection with Vitringa's public disputations" For more information see: Charles K. Telfer's "Wrestling with Isaiah: The Exegetical Methodology of Campegius Vitringa" Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2016 Page 29. This work is complete with engraver Abraham de Blois' Kabbalistic plate facing page 142 in first volume. The first volume contains the first four books of "Observationum Sacrarum." Books 2 3 and 4 have their own separate title page each dated 1711. The main title indicates that the first book is the 4th edition books 2 and 3 are the third edition and book 4 is the second edition. The second volume contains the first edition of the last two books of "Observationum Sacrarum" 5 and 6. Moderate and sporadic age-toning and soiling to bindings. Ex-library stickers to spines and bookplate on inside of each front cover. Contemporary previous owner's name Joannes Carolus de Lithe Onoldi dated 1733 on main title Vol. 1 and title page of second volume. Clear water-staining to upper part of title page in second volume. Moderate age-toning and sporadic foxing throughout. Text in Latin with some Hebrew and Greek. Bindings in overall good- to good interior in good- to very good condition. About the author: Campegius Vitringa 1659-1722 was a Dutch Protestant theologian and Hebraist. A follower of Johannes CocceiusVitringa was a supporter of prophetic theology. He was educated at the universities of Franeker and Leiden and became professor of Oriental languages at the former in 1681. When locating prophetic outcomes he would associate events to the near rather than the far-off future placing a distinct focus on the period of the Maccabees 2nd Century BC. Like Joseph Mede 1586-1638 Vitringa believed wholeheartedly that the Millennium was yet to come but did not expect any immediate changes. He relegated the end of the time to a remote future and strongly emphasized the concept of New Jerusalem From Wikipedia. Ex Officina Wibii Bleck hardcover books
1778rif. 14190London: Published by J. Watts Dealer in Prints & Drawings opposite the Mews Gate Charing Cross 1778. Mezzotints. Printed on laid watermarked paper. In excellent condition. Morning Image size: 9 1/2 x 13 7/8 inches. Plate mark: 10 x 13 7/8 inches. Sheet size: 10 5/8 x 14 7/8 inches. Evening Image size: 9 3/8 x 13 7/8. Plate mark: 9 7/8 x 13 7/8. Sheet size: 10 3/4 x 15 1/8 inches. This is a stunning pair of mezzotints of two hunting dogs catching their quarry by John Watts after paintings by Abraham Hondius. Watts was a successful printmaker and publisher who was active in London during the second half of the eighteenth century. He was famed for his rich mezzotints which he exhibited in London between 1766 and 1778. Watts scraped mezzotints after some of the most renowned artists of his day but he had a special penchant for works by the Dutch masters such as this handsome pair after Abraham Hondius the celebrated Dutch animal painter. These rich mezzotints are a superb example of Watts's luxurious style of engraving translating the energy and fluidity of Hondius's beautiful paintings into a dramatic example of superior mezzotint engraving. Benezit Dictionnaire Des Peintres Sculpteurs Dessinateurs et Graveurs. Published by J. Watts, Dealer in Prints & Drawings opposite the Mews Gate Charing Cross unknown books
1818rif. 57875London: J. Johnston 1818. Paperback. Good. Paperback. 42pp 4 ads. Side stitched signatures. Foxed throughout with some expected loss to the edges and a stain to the top of the front else a good complete example. Uncommon. An odd hoax perpetrated by a student at Shrewsbury School. Abraham Cawston aged about 16 claimed to have met in a coach a stranger who took a fancy to him and expressed the intention of making the boy heir to his own enormous fortune. Cawston then announced his patron's death and proceeded to convince his family and various bankers of the truth of his story. "He referred to a palace that he had in Spain full of works of art and instructed his solicitor to look out for a large country house for him and to acquire for him a few parliamentary boroughs. The Empress of Russia he said paid interest of six thousand pounds a year on a loan from his benefactor and he claims too on the King of Spain. the hoax lasted only a few months. The acceptance of his story is incapable of explanation but the facts are not in dispute. He subsequently became a clergyman."-Oldham A History of Shrewsbury School pages 88-9. OCLC locates only ten examples. J. Johnston paperback books
1860rif. 022510Columbus OH: Follett Foster and Company 1860. First Edition. Hardcover. Front endpaper lacking top third; pencil writing on front endpaper and blank as well as rear pastedown; light to moderate foxing heaviest to title page; gilt on spine a little dull but readable. Very Good. Early issue. Publisher's brown blindstamped cloth; iv - ads iv 268 pages. These public debates over slavery are perhaps the most consequential campaign debates in American history. The first speech in the volume is Lincoln's famous "House Divided" speech of 17 June 1858 in Springfield IL. HOWES L-338; NEW HOWES L 339 "b": "Historically the most important series of American political debates." Follett, Foster and Company hardcover books
1708rif. 500.[1708]Holland C. Allard Amsteldam 1708. 8vo. 8x6 inches later marbled paper covered wrappers. 3 32 p. Rare religious work in Dutch that includes 15 engravings most of which depict the infant Christ but several cover his Crucifixion and Resurrection. OCLC shows only one copy NY Public Library and none is currently available for sale. Fine. Dutch Religious Work Profusely Illustrated Holland C. Allard Amsteldam paperback books
1677rif. 36147Sur la Copie a Paris: Chez Frederic Leonard 1677. Second French edition. Engraved title two parts continuous pagination. 24 550 38 pp. 1 vols. Sm. 12mo. Vellum. Title in pen on spine upper joint torn some soiling of binding light browning of text mostly marginal else a very good copy. Second French edition. Engraved title two parts continuous pagination. 24 550 38 pp. 1 vols. Sm. 12mo. Amelot de la Houssaye was secretary to the French embassy at Venice and his account of the Republic for the first time revealed the policy of the Venetian governement. When the book appeared the Venetian state complained to the French court and Amelot was sent to the Bastille for six weeks. Chez Frederic Leonard unknown books
1800rif. 47937Philadelphia PA: Mathew Carey No. 118 High-street 1800. 8vo. 80 pp. Bound with his: Oration Delivered in Wallingford on the 11th of March 1801 Before the Republicans of the State of Connecticut at Their General Thanksgiving for the Election of Thomas Jefferson to the Presidency and of Aaron Burr to the Vice Presidency of the United States of America. New Haven CT: Printed by William W. Morse 1801. 8vo. 111 1 pp. Contemporary leather-backed drab paper boards some staining rubbed. Very good. Third edition of the first title first edition of the second the first work also printed in New Haven 1800; Carey also printed another issue without his address in the imprint in 1800; the second title prints Jefferson's first inaugural address. Sabin 5590 and 5595. Evans 36978 and American Imprints 199. Sowerby 3235 for the New Haven printing and 3264. Mathew Carey, No. 118, High-street unknown books
1804rif. 27029New Haven: Printed for the General Committee of Republicans From Sidney's Press 1804. Commemorating the Louisiana Purchase An influential address on the acquisition of Louisiana highly partisan in outlook: "To federalists this territory for which they would have shed blood now seems a barren waste where no verdure quickens; but to us it appears fruitful abounding in broad rivers and streams producing whatever is necessary to our commerce with foreign nations." Shaw & Shoemaker distinguish two printings of this pamphlet the other originating from Hartford. It is just possible that they are one and the same printing. Modern half morocco and cloth. Small old circular blindstamp on titlepage. Light tanning and staining else very good. HOWES B472 "aa." SHAW & SHOEMAKER 5881. SABIN 5596. EBERSTADT 135:496. hardcover books
1907rif. 582979New York: The Author 1907. Hardcover. Very Good. First edition. 12mo. 206 1 pp. Text in Yiddish; bound and paginated in the Yiddish style. Flyleaves with short foredge chips and tears and a bit soiled both hinges had been badly split but have been very nicely restored but with evidence of repair and causing the front board to sit a bit proud at the foredge sound and near very good; the text has been nicely preserved. The final page prints an advertisement for other works by Cahan offered by New York's B. Weinstein. Cahan was an author and socialist leader best known for being the longtime editor of the Yiddish-language newspaper Foreword and the semi-autobiographical novel The Rise of David Levinsky. The Author hardcover books
1812rif. 426931London: Printed for W. Otridge and Son; . and others 1812. Hardcover. Very Good. A New Edition In Four Volumes. Octavos. Bound in contemporary polished calf gilt spines with leather titling labels front and back boards stamped in blind and in gold; edges marbled; near contemporary plain paper endleaves. From the library of Abraham Wildey Robart member of parliament for Maidstone from 1818-37 with his engraved armorial bookplate on the front pastedowns. Wear to the joints edges and corners partial splitting to the outer joints of vol. 2 else very good. The interior text pages are clean and tight. A nice set in a fine binding. Printed for W. Otridge and Son; ... [and others] hardcover books
1819rif. 758881819. Murder Rape and Trial by Battle Holroyd Edward 1794-1881. Thornton Abraham c.1793-1860. Observations Upon the Case of Abraham Thornton Who was Tried at Warwick August 8 1817 For the Murder of Mary Ashford: Shewing the Danger of Pressing Presumptive Evidence Too Far Together with the Only True and Authentic Account Yet Published of the Evidence Given at the Trial The Examination of the Prisoner &c. And a Correct Plan of the Locus in Quo. London: Printed for J. Mawman T. Miller 1819. 88 pp. Folding map. Portrait frontispiece misbound before preface. Octavo 7-3/4" x 4-3/4". Disbound stab-stitched pamphlet untrimmed edges. Moderate toning light soiling to exterior dampspotting to map small library stamps to title page and frontispiece. $500. Third and final edition one of three printed in 1819. Abraham Thornton a bricklayer "was accused of rape and murder after attending a dance where he became intimate with a gardener's daughter named Mary Ashford. They left the dance together and her body was found the next morning in a deep pool of water near a local footpath. Thornton was tried at the Warwick assizes on 8 August 1817. Since the marks on Mary's body were not necessarily inconsistent with Thornton's claim that she had consented to sexual intercourse and since the times on the morning in question when Thornton was seen walking home to Bromwich suggested he could not have been with her when she met her death the jury found him not guilty. The case aroused much interest and reminded people of a similar murder of a local woman a year earlier. Many were convinced of Thornton's guilt and he was assailed in local and London newspapers. A group collected around the Birmingham solicitor William Bedford invoked the old legal process of 'appeal of murder' by which a person acquitted of murder could be tried again for the same offense. This process was generally regarded as obsolete though there had been several instances in the eighteenth century. More controversy arose when Thornton came before the court of King's Bench in November 1817 and demanded ordeal by battle which was open to the subject of an appeal of murder but had not been claimed since Charles I's reign. After several hearings between November 1817 and April 1818 the court decided that the appellee did have this right. The appe. unknown books
