Congo

Congo — marelibri

Collection of Seventeen Original Unmounted Photographs of Boma Lusambo and Surroundings in the Belgian Congo. Ca. 1910.

Best.-Nr. PD4Seventeen unmounted gelatin silver prints including six larger ones ca. 12x17 cm ca. 4 ¾ x 6 ¾ in and seven smaller ones ca. 65x105 cm 2 ½ x 4 ¼ in with three images in between those sizes. The majority with manuscript pencil captions in French on verso. The photographs are sharp and in very good condition. This collection includes early views of Boma – the capital of Belgian Congo – its streets and the house of the “Chef Batailon” and three views of Fort de Shinkakasa built near Boma in 1891 also a panorama of the Congo river with the fort on the right and Boma in the distance. Several views of Lusambo show its streets river and a church under construction. There are also photos of a small village on the Kwamouth river and images of local people shown next to their houses with ox driven carts during the cotton harvest etc. “Boma is a port town on the Congo River some 100 km upstream from the Atlantic Ocean in the Bas-Congo province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Boma was the capital city of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo the modern Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1 May 1886 to 1926 when the capital was moved to Léopoldville since renamed Kinshasa” Wikipedia. “Lusambo is a town and territory in the Sankuru district of the Kasai-Oriental province Democratic Republic of the Congo. The town lies north of the confluence of the Sankuru River and the Lubi River. In 1890 Lusambo was chosen by Paul Le Marinel as the main Belgian base in the Kasai region to defend against the threat of Arab or Swahili traders in slaves and ivory who were encroaching from the east. The station would soon become one of the most important military posts of the Congo Free State with a permanent staff of seventeen whites six hundred native soldiers and four artillery pieces” Wikipedia. unknown

Globus Rare Books & Archives · Vereinigte Staaten275,00 $≈ 245,21 €

Congo / Kongo - Leopold II of Belgium (1835-1909) - King of the Belgians and Owner / Absolute Ruler of the Congo Free State froBiblio.com

Collection of four very important and meaningful manuscript letters by Leopold II to his administrator and Foreign Minister of the Congo - Free-State Baron Adolphe de Cuvelier 1860-1931 with a total of 16 pages filled with Leopold's instructions on pressing issues regarding a warning about an imminent visit by the Rector of the Mill-Hill Missionaries probably Herbert Alfred Henry Vaughan 1832 - 1903 and Leopold's qualification of the visit of being detrimental to the Congo Free State "ne travaillent pas pour l'État". Leopold continues in another letter to talk about the hostile positions of english officials consuls and missionaries "que les consuls anglais et les missionnaires anglais se conduisent bien mal envers l'État". Interestingly Leopold also touches on the nuisance of the german press criticizing Belgian Railway Lines and he is of the opinion that this is all happening in order to force the german parliament "Reichstag" to finance the building of the Tanganyika Railway between Dar

1901Best.-Nr. 100107AG1901. Laeken / Brussels Château de Laeken Palace of Laeken 1901 - 1906. 16 pages of MLS Manuscript Letters signed on 10 leaves of Leopold's official stationery "Château de Laeken" and "Palais de Bruxelles". The leaves with different sizes 135 cm x 9 cm and 18 cm x 115 cm. Excellent condition. Unsigned. Tremendously rare to find original letters by Leopold II on the open market in which the Colonial Free State and the protection against inquisitive visitors is discussed in such clear and instructive fashion. Leopold's correspondence with Adolphe de Cuvelier shows how he is very much trying to still protect and influence the narrative of his Colonial Slavery Outpost even in the final years of his life. Adolphe de Cuvelier 1860-1931 Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Congo Free State President of the Syndicate for Studies and Enterprises in Congo. He was given the title of knight in 1893 and baron in 1908 each transferable at first birth. Wikipedia _______________________________ Leopold II French: Léopold Louis Philippe Marie Victor; 9 April 1835 17 December 1909 was the second King of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909 and through his own efforts the owner and absolute ruler of the Congo Free State from 1885 to 1908. Born in Brussels as the second but eldest surviving son of Leopold I and Louise of Orléans he succeeded his father to the Belgian throne in 1865 and reigned for exactly 44 years until his deaththe longest reign of any Belgian monarch. He died without surviving legitimate sons. The current Belgian king descends from his nephew and successor Albert I. Leopold was the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free State a private project undertaken on his own behalf as a personal union with Belgium. He used Henry Morton Stanley to help him lay claim to the Congo the present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo. At the Berlin Conference of 18841885 the colonial nations of Europe authorized his claim and committed the Congo Free State to him. Leopold ran the Congo using the mercenary Force Publique for his personal gain. He extracted a fortune from the territory initially by the collection of ivory and after a rise in the price of natural rubber in the 1890s by forced labour from the native population to harvest and process rubber. Leopold's administration of the Congo Free State was characterised by atrocities and systematic brutality including torture murder and the amputation of the hands of men women and children when the quota of rubber was not met. In 1890 George Washington Williams used the term "crimes against humanity" to describe the practices of Leopold II of Belgium's administration of the Congo Free State. Colonial accounts typically emphasized Leopold's modernizing changes in the Congo and not the mass death he facilitated. These and other facts were established at the time by eyewitness testimony on-site inspection by an international commission of inquiry and the 1904 Casement Report. Modern estimates range from 1 million to 15 million Congolese deaths with a consensus growing around 10 million. Some historians argue against these figures citing the lack of reliable censuses the enormous mortality caused by smallpox and African trypanosomiasis and the fact that there were only 175 administrative agents in charge of rubber exploitation. In 1908 the reports of deaths and abuse and pressure from the Congo Reform Association and other international groups induced the Belgian government to take over the administration of the Congo from Leopold as a new territory Belgian Congo. Wikipedia unknown

Inanna Rare Books Ltd. · Irland7.800,00 €

Congo

Congo

Jahrhundert

Sprache

Land des Anbieters

Fotos

Hinzugefügt

Themen

Kataloge

Jahrhundert

Sprache

Land des Anbieters

Fotos

Hinzugefügt

Themen

Kataloge

Jahrhundert

Sprache

Land des Anbieters

Fotos

Hinzugefügt

Themen

Kataloge