Ceilão

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British Colonial Ceylon Nagoya Festivals and Colombo Seri Lanka Street Life circa 1890 to 1910

1890ref. 236871890. British Ceylon and Japan photo archive circa 1890 to 1910 documenting public ceremony craft production daily life during the expansion of imperial travel in Asia. The Japanese images record religious processions rickshaw travel workshops and leisure scenes associated with the late Meiji period while the Ceylon photographs depict Colombo streets architecture ceremonial dress and colonial urban space. Verso inscriptions identify Nagoya and Colombo without establishing a single photographer or original sequence. Photo archive of 24 photographs comprising eight hand colored photographs mounted to cardstock approximately 5 x 3½ inches and sixteen glossy and matte silver gelatin prints ranging from approximately 2½ x 2½ to 3 x 4½ inches Japan and British Ceylon circa 1890 to 1910. The hand colored Japanese views show women in rickshaws beneath flowering trees artisans making paper umbrellas workers shaping timber a cooper surrounded by tubs and hoops and a lantern shop filled with suspended paper lanterns. Other photographs depict monks attendants musicians and costumed participants moving through public squares with parasols banners and ceremonial objects. The Ceylon views include a Colombo street leading toward a clock tower palm lined compounds civic and religious buildings harbor craft and men in formal ceremonial dress. Inscriptions include "Nagoya" "Colombo" and "Vue de Colombo." The Japanese photographs belong to the commercial visual culture of the Meiji era when photographers produced hand colored views of occupations transport festivals costume and craft work for foreign travelers. These images often arranged workers and tools for clarity while the smaller prints record crowds streets and religious movement with less formal staging. The Colombo photographs reflect the parallel growth of photography under British colonial rule in Ceylon where ports municipal buildings and ethnographic subjects circulated through travel albums and commercial view markets. Light to moderate surface wear fading abrasions edge wear and occasional creasing; several mounts show staining or loss. Overall good condition. A compact visual record of Asian urban life religious practice artisanal labor and colonial travel at the turn of the twentieth century. unknown books

Max Rambod Inc. · Estados UnidosUS$ 550,00≈ € 490,41

Plantation Labor; British CeylonABAA

British Ceylon Plantation Labor and the Colonial Export Economy that built the British empire Photo Archive 1934

1934ref. 237251934. British Ceylon photographic archive circa 1934 documenting the labor systems that sustained one of the British Empire's most profitable plantation economies. Rather than emphasizing colonial administration or metropolitan life the photographs concentrate on the people whose agricultural work produced tea coconuts rice and other commodities that defined Ceylon's export economy during the final decades of British rule. The archive records both plantation labor and village agriculture placing field workers animal labor transportation and rural settlements within the same narrative of production that underpinned the island's economy before independence in 1948. Photo archive of 18 silver gelatin photographs each 4 x 5 inches British Ceylon circa 1934. The photographs depict women plucking tea leaves into large wicker baskets; groups of men women and children harvesting grain by hand; buffalo drawing plows through cultivated fields; coconut gathering and processing; elephants employed in heavy labor; cattle standing in flooded waterways; and villagers sorting agricultural products outside thatched dwellings. Other photographs show a village street lined with tiled roof buildings waterways with native boats landscaped gardens flowering branches tree-lined roads and portrait studies of rural residents including a Kandyan dancer in ceremonial costume and an elderly man identified only through the original negative caption. Several negatives retain contemporary handwritten captions identifying locations including Hambantota and describing subjects and related scenes indicating production for documentary or promotional use rather than private photography. The photographs were apparently produced during the S.S. Resolute World Cruise which departed on January 14 1934 for a 134 day itinerary through twenty nine countries and territories. Within that context the images record not only British Ceylon's plantation economy but also the way commercial world cruises presented the colony to Western travelers emphasizing tea estates agricultural labor village life wildlife and staged cultural performance as representative scenes of imperial Ceylon before independence in 1948. In reality production depended heavily upon Tamil labor recruited from southern India while Sinhalese villagers continued to dominate much of the island's rice cultivation and local agriculture distinctions reflected in the archive's movement between commercial plantations and village landscapes. Light surface wear with occasional curling at the corners; overall very good condition. A concentrated visual record of agricultural labor and rural production in British Ceylon during the final years of imperial rule. unknown books

Max Rambod Inc. · Estados UnidosUS$ 785,00≈ € 699,96

Ceylon Tea Trade; ColonialismABAA

British Colonial Economy: Ceylon Tea Plantation Labor Photo Archive of Tea Cultivation Colonial Estate Workers Transportation Kandy and Colombo circa 1880s-1910s910s

1880ref. 237851880. Ceylon colonial photo archive depicting tea cultivation estate labor transportation and urban life circa 1880s to 1910s documenting the plantation economy that made the island one of Britain's principal sources of tea as British merchants shifted the enormous domestic tea market away from China and toward production within the Empire. Coffee leaf rust appeared in Ceylon in 1869 and spread rapidly through the island's coffee districts precipitating the collapse of the crop that had dominated the colonial export economy and accelerating planters' conversion of the central highlands to tea. James Taylor had established commercial tea cultivation at Loolecondera Estate near Kandy in 1867 and the new industry expanded rapidly as coffee failed; by 1900 some 380000 acres in Ceylon were planted in tea. By 1879 the results showed that in more than 70 percent of tea sold in London still came from China while by 1900 China supplied only about 10 percent and black teas from British controlled India and Ceylon constituted the bulk of the market. Photo archive of albumen and silver gelatin photographs and photographic postcards ranging from approximately 3½ x 5 to 4 x 6 inches Ceylon circa 1880s to 1910s. Tea production forms the strongest body of imagery. Women and men stand among densely planted tea bushes or work through rows of plants with women carrying the large woven baskets used to collect leaves; individual and group views are captioned "Tea plucker" "Tea picking Ceylon" "Pruning tea Kandy" and in French "Cueillette du thé à Ceylan." One Skeen & Co. Colombo card numbered 84 and captioned "Tea plucker" isolates a woman at work with a large basket strapped behind her while another shows a large group of workers seated with baskets and gathered tea in a plantation clearing. A card captioned "Estate coolies Ceylon" depicts an estate employee in European dress standing with women and a child outside a thatched dwelling preserving in its printed terminology the racial and labor classifications through which plantation workers were presented to contemporary consumers of colonial imagery. Other photographs move from plantation production into the roads vehicles and cities of colonial Ceylon: rickshaw pullers pose with European passengers and beside their vehicles; a street scene records "Native town Kandy Ceylon"; Colombo appears in views of the "Colpetty Road near Galle Face Colombo" a crowded procession captioned in French "Colombo départ des troupes Anglaises" and a civic monument among palms. Another postcard depicts "Royal visitors leaving Ceylon" while a country road scene shows pedestrians carts and roadside activity. Skeen & Co. one of the principal commercial photographic firms operating from Colombo in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is identified on several cards but no single photographer can be assigned to the archive as a whole. The tea scenes record the labor at the center of one of the fastest agricultural conversions in the nineteenth century British Empire. Coffee rust Hemileia vastatrix was first observed in Ceylon in 1869 and within little more than a decade had destroyed the commercial basis of the coffee plantation system; tea already demonstrated commercially by Taylor replaced it across much of the highlands. Ceylon tea exports to Britain rose from only 282 pounds in 1875 to more than 4.3 million pounds in 1885 while the plantation landscape expanded until almost all former coffee districts had been replanted with tea during the 1890s. That expansion depended on a large year round plantation workforce much of it composed of Tamil laborers brought from southern India and on the colonial infrastructure that connected the highlands with Colombo and overseas markets. Roads and the railway between Kandy and Colombo had initially served the coffee economy and could be redirected toward tea after the blight while Colombo developed as the commercial and shipping center through which the crop entered imperial markets. The archive therefore records several stages and social spaces of the same colonial economy from plucking and pruning in the highlands to estate communities road transport Kandy and the metropolitan port city of Colombo while the postcards themselves show how plantation labor and colonial development were converted into commercial images for circulation beyond the island. Light to moderate surface wear toning occasional fading and creasing with some photographs showing age related discoloration and edge wear. Overall in good condition. A visual record of the plantation labor and colonial infrastructure behind Ceylon's transformation from a failed coffee economy into a major tea producer that helped Britain replace Chinese tea with supplies produced under imperial control. unknown books

Max Rambod Inc. · Estados UnidosUS$ 850,00≈ € 757,91

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