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1818Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original manuscript paper. Double elephant folio. (79 x 58 cm). In Ottoman script. Hegira: [1]233-[1]234 = Gregorian: 1818. Burdurlu Dervish Mehmed Pasha, who was grand vizier held office under Mahmud II between the years of 1818-1820. Dervis Mehmed Pasa had gained a reputation among the 'vüzerâ' (Grand-viziers) would be the grand vizier as previously planned by Sultan Mahmud II according the 19th-century historian of Sânîzâde. He dealt with like cases the Aleppo revolution, confusions in Diyarbekir and Çildir, conquest of the Castle of Dir'iye, the center of the Wahhabis by Ibrahim Pasha, the son of Kavalali Mehmed Ali Pasha, the governor of Egypt and confusions in Sivas city. (Türkiye Diyanet Vakfi Islâm Ansiklopedisi). Buyuruldu (or Buyrultu, Buyurildi, Buyurdu etc.) is the order of an Ottoman grand vizier, vizier, beglerbegi , defterdâr , or other high official to a subordinate. The term is derived from the word 'buyuruldi', it has been ordered, in which the order usually ends and which gradually developed into a conventional sign. Buyuruldus are of two main types: a) decisions written in the margin (der kenâr) of an incoming petition or report, often ordering that a fermân (firman) (or berât , etc.) be issued to a certain effect... (Brill, Encyclopedia of Islam). "Menzils" were early post organization in the Ottoman Empire before Reform period. In the Ottoman Empire, every 35 kilometers - the distance one could travel in a day - on the main roads, there were buildings called "menzil" or "menzilhane" (destination, post station). Surrounded by walls, these yards had a hostelry, barn, market, bath and restaurant. Hosted at the complex for free, travelers shopped, took baths and fed their animals and continued their journeys the following day. At the complex, officials - registered and paid by the state - served the guests. Within time, menzils turned into bazaars where locals sold their products. Then, villages and towns started pop up around them. Commodities needed by the army for expeditions were preserved at menzils and soldiers were accommodated at these facilities if needed during expeditions. Mailmen operating between two faraway destinations changed their horses with those waiting at menzils and went on their route without losing time. (Source: Ekrem Bugra Ekinci). This huge sized budget paper (defter) written on paper with 'ahar'. Used black and red inks. It's written from Harmancik qaza (district) in Bursa vilayet (city) and sent to court of Istanbul for grand vizier confirmation. It's a budget defter of Harmancik 'menzil'. Apprx. 250-300 articles (registers) in notes as expenses like Tatar postmans, horses, Kütahya beglerbegi (beylerbeyi), qadis (judges) and other ones. At the end of registers, there is qadi signature (seal), qadi's name is Mehmed es-Seyyid Samed (?). He was probably Turkish judge in its period in that menzil of Bursa, Harmancik. Budget registers start as '[1]233 senesi Saban-i Muazzama'nin gurresinden [1]234 senesinin Saban-i Serif'inin menzil kuyudu'. Registers had been sent to the Ottoman court for approval from Bursa to Istanbul. Grand vizier's hand writing is in 'diwanî' script. An extremely rare autograph manuscript about the earliest postal history as well.
1695In -Folio, piena pergamena con titolo manoscritto al dorso; (8), 448, 4 tavv.
Through playful banter over coffee in an Ottoman courtyard in the divided capital of Cyprus, the author and her group of friends from both sides of the divide, share their moving, funny and harrowing experiences of life on this Mediterranean island, taking in an anticolonial struggle, internecine fighting, war, partition and endless, ineffective peace negotiations, in what has become known as ‘the Cyprus problem’. ? They are the Traitors’ Club, traitors because they are friends, because they don’t want to colour themselves as either Greek or Turkish, but as Cypriots, and because they have a goal that the rest of their compatriots don’t seem to share – to live together as one people.