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Imperatores Victi: Military Defeat and Aristocractic Competition in the Middle and Late Republic

8vo, hardcover in dj, pp224. Given the intense competition among aristocrats seeking public office in the middle and late Roman Republic, one would expect that their persistent struggles for honor, glory, and power could have seriously undermined the state or damaged the cohesiveness of the ruling class. Rome in fact depended on aristocratic competition, since no professional bureaucracy directed public affairs and no salary was attached to any public office. But as Rosenstein adeptly shows, competition appears to have been surprisingly limited, in ways that curtailed the possible destructive effects of all-out contests between individuals. "Imperatores Victi" examines one particularly striking case of such checks on competition. Military success at all times represented an abundant source of prestige and political strength at Rome. Generals who led armies to victory enjoyed a better-than-average chance of securing higher office upon their return from the field. Yet this study demonstrates that defeated generals were not barred from public office and in fact went on to win the Republic's most highly coveted and hotly contested offices in numbers virtually identical with those of their undefeated peers. Rosenstein explores how this unexpected limit to competition functions, reviewing beliefs about the religious origins of defeat, assumptions about common soldiers' duties in battle, and definitions of honorable behavior of an aristocrat during a crisis. These perspectives were instrumental in shifting the onus of failure away from a general's person and in offering positive strategies a general might use to win glory and respect even in defeat and to silence potential critics among a failed general's peers. Such limits to competition had an impact on the larger problems of stability and coherence in the Republic and its political elite; these larger problems are discussed in the concluding chapter.

Pali s.r.l. · Italie280,00 €

SCHERER Henrick (Dilingen 1628 - Monaco 1704)MareMagnum

Archipelagi Graeciae sive Maris Aegei cum praecipuis suis insulis Geographica descriptio

1703Bella e decorativa carta geografica della Grecia.Sul lato destro, su un basamento, sono raffigurate quattro figure maschili a rappresentare degli abitanti dell'arcipelago nel loro costume tipico. Sulla facciata del basamento, distribuito su tre colonne, l'elenco delle isole dell'arcipelago. Decorativa carta geografica pubblicata nell'opera di Heinrich Scherer Atlas Novus exhibens orbem terraguem per naturae opera, historiae navae acveterus monumenta, artistique geographicae leges et praecepta edita in 8 parti, stampate tra il 1702 e il 1710 a Monaco di Baviera. Heinrich Scherer, professore di matematica a Monaco di Baviera, era un gesuita devoto la cui opera sottolineava la gerarchia cattolica e la diffusione delle missioni gesuite in tutto il mondo. Il suo Atlas Novus contiene mappe di tutte le altre parti che mostravano la diffusione del cattolicesimo e delle missioni gesuite. Le 180 mappe incluse in questo lavoro sono state preparate tra il 1699 e il 1700 e sono state incise da Leonard Hecknaeur, Joseph Montelegre e Matthus Wolfgang; ogni volume è introdotto da splendidi frontespizi allegorici dagli stessi incisori. Incisione su rame, in ottimo stato di conservazione. Decorative map by Heinrich Scherer for his Atlas Novus exhibens orbem terraguem per naturae opera, historiae navae acveterus monumenta, artistique geographicae leges et praecepta...published in eight volumes from 1702-1710 in Munich. Scherer, a devout Jesuit, produced this geographical compendium to depict the Catholic hierarchy and the spread of Jesuit missions throughout the world. The 180 maps included in this work were prepared between 1699 and 1700 and were engraved by Leonard Hecknaeur, Joseph Montelegre or Matthus Wolfgang with each volume introduced by fine allegorical frontispieces by the same engravers. Copper engraving, in very good condition.

Libreria Antiquarius · Italie280,00 €

[KHALKEDONIA GREEK COMMUNITY].MareMagnum

[CHALCEDON GREEK COMMUNITY] Kanonismos tis en Khalkidoni Ellinikis Orthodoxou Koinotitos. [i.e. Regulation of the Greek Orthodox Community in Chalcedon].

1910Very Good Greek, Modern (post 1453) Paperback. Demy 8vo. (21 x 14 cm). In Greek (Modern). 79 p. Not in OCLC. The Metropolis of Chalcedon is an ecclesiastical territory (diocese) of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Christianity spread in Chalcedon during the 2nd century AD. The city was initially the see of a bishopric before being promoted to a metropolis at 451 AD, at the time of the Fourth Ecumenical Council. It is one of the four remaining active Greek Orthodox Church metropolises of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Turkey today and the only one surviving in Asia Minor (Anatolia). During the 14th century, the metropolitan see remained vacant, due to the Ottoman conquest of the region. However, it was reorganized in the 15th century, possibly after the Fall of Constantinople and the subsequent incorporation of the Ecumenical Patriarchate into the millet system of the Ottoman society. The first recorded metropolitan of that time was Joseph, in 1477. In the following years, the jurisdiction of the metropolis was extended to the east. During the late 17th century the see of the diocese was transferred to Kuzguncuk (Ermoulianai, Chrysokeramos), where it remained until 1855. At that period a number of monasteries were established, like the one of Saint Panteleimon, which was declared Stauropegic. The metropolitan of Chalcedon was one of the five Elder metropolitans from the wider region of Constantinople, the other being those of nearby Herakleia, Cyzicus, Nicaea, and Nicomedia. Following an Ottoman decree of 1757, they had to be always present in the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate and had direct access to the Ottoman Sultan, to whom they announced the election of the new Ecumenical Patriarch. From the mid-19th century, the local metropolis prospered thanks to the significant population increase and economic development of the local Orthodox population. In 1855 the see of the metropolitan returned to Chalcedon during the primateship of Metropolitan Gerasimos. Moreover, the newly erected church of Saint Euphemia became the new cathedral. The metropolitan mansion was built near the cathedral in 1902. This is the first and only known printed regulation book of the Greek Community in Chalcedonia (Kadiköy). Extremely rare.

Bookshop Khalkedon Books, IOBA, ESA · Turquie278,16 €

CASSINI Giovanni Maria (1745 - 1824)MareMagnum

La Grecia Antica dvisa ne' suoi Stati

1799- EDIZIONE ORIGINALE, COLORITURA COEVA -Importante e decorativa mappa tratta dal "Nuovo Atlante Geografico Universale delineato sulle ultime osservazioni", edito a Roma dal 1792 fino al 1801, opera che la Calcografia Camerale commissionò al Cassini al fine di sostituire l’ormai obsoleto "Mercurio Geografico".Giovanni Maria Cassini, Chierico Regolare Somasco fu geografo e cartografo, ma anche intagliatore di architetture e prospettive - uno dei migliori discepoli di Giovanni Battista Piranesi - Cassini fu uno degli ultimi sferografi italiani del Settecento ed i suoi globi ebbero una notevole diffusione, come pure questo "Nuovo Atlante Geografico".Incisione in rame, coloritura coeva dei contorni, leggere bruniture, per il resto in ottimo stato di conservazione. L'Atlante del Cassini fu ristampato dalla Calcografia Camerale nel primo quarto del XIX secolo, prima del 1839. Solo gli esemplari di prima edizione come questo sono stampati su carta vergata coeva e sono colorati a mano in epoca. Le tirature del XIX secolo sono già su carta meccanica, priva di vergelle, e generalmente in bianco e nero. - FIRST EDITION, CONTEMPORARY OUTLINE COLOUR -The Italian painter and engraver, Giovanni Maria Cassini, produced this splendid map of as part of his epic three-volume atlas. Published in: Nuovo atlante geografico universale delineato sulle ultime osservazioni. Roma, Calcografia camerale, 1792-1801.Cassini was geographer and cartographer but he was also good at engraving architectural items and perspectives – he was one of the best disciples Giovanni Battista Piranesi had. Moreover, Cassini was one of the last artists to engrave spheres in the XVIII century and his globes were quite famous and widespread, and realized the most important Italian Atlas of the XVIII century; his maps always bear a cartouche, extremely rich in colours and details. Copperplate with fine original hand colour, some foxing, otherwise in very good condition.The Cassini's Atlas was reprinted by the Calcografia Camerale in the first quarter of XIXth century (before 1839). Only the first edition of the atlas is printed on contemporary laid paper, while the late issue are on XIXth century paper and often without colour.

Libreria Antiquarius · Italie275,00 €

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