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RITTER, (JOHANN W). - THE DISCOVERY OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHTBiblio.com

Versuche über das Sonnenlicht.

1803rif. 43638Halle Rengerschen Buchhandlung 1803. Without wrappers as extracted from "Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert" Jahrgang 1802 Bd. 12 Zwölftes Stück. Pp. 409-416. Titlepage to vol. 12. This is Ritter's first expositon of his discovery of ultraviolet light. It was announced the year before in a halfpage letter addressed to Gilbert's Annalen and printed in the Annalen. With that discovery it became clear that visible light represents no more than a fraction of a continous spectrum.A year earlier in 1800 William Herschel discovered infrared light. This was the first time that a form of light beyond visible light had been detected. After hearing about Herschel's discovery of an invisible form of light beyond the red portion of the spectrum Ritter decided to conduct experiments to determine if invisible light existed beyond the violet end of the spectrum as well. He had heard that blue light caused a greater reaction in silver chloride than red light did. Ritter decided to measure the rate at which silver chloride reacted to the different colors of light. He directed sunlight through a glass prism to create a spectrum. He then placed silver chloride in each color of the spectrum and found that it showed little change in the red part of the spectrum but darkened toward the violet end of the spectrum. Johann Ritter then decided to place silver chloride in the area just beyond the violet end of the spectrum in a region where no sunlight was visible. To his amazement this region showed the most intense reaction of all. This showed for the first time that an invisible form of light existed beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum. This new type of light which Ritter called Chemical Rays later became known as ultraviolet light or ultraviolet radiation the word ultra means beyond. unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danimarca2500,00 DKK≈ 334,46 €

VILLARD, P (PAUL ULRICH). - THE DISCOVERY OF GAMMA RAYS AND GAMMA RADIATIONBiblio.com

Sur la réflexion et la réfraction des rayons cathodiques et des rayons déviables du radium. Sur le rayonnement du radium.

1900rif. 48207Paris Gauthier-Villars 1900. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 130 No 15 a. No 18. Pp. 962- 1044 a. pp. 1145- 1220. Entire issues offered. Stamp on first pages. A few tears to margins. Poor paperquality fragile. Villard's papers: pp. 1010-1012 a. 1178-1182 textillustrations. First apperance of Villard's two papers in which he announced and described the discovery of a new type of radiation more powerfull and penetrating than alpha-and beta rays. The new type of rays was named by Rutherford as gammarays."His Villardexperiments in radioactivity led to the unexpected discovery of gamma rays in 1900. Villard recognized them as being different from x rays because the gamma rays had a much greater penetrating depth. He had discovered they were emitted from radioactive substances and were not affected by electric or magnetic fields. These came to be called gamma rays by another scientist Ernest Rutherford. It wasn't until 1914 that Rutherford showed that they were a form of electromagnetic EM like light only with a much shorter wavelength than x rays. Now we know that gamma rays are a form of EM radiation similar to x rays. Gamma rays tend to have a higher energy and a shorter wavelength than x rays do. However the dividing line between these two forms of radiation is not clearly defined. Scientists typically apply the term gamma ray to EM radiation with energies above several hundred thousand electron volts." Hps - Healt Physics Society. - See Sigmund Brandt "The Harevst of a Century" Episode 6 p. 24 ff.The issues contains other importent papers HENRI BECQUEREL "Note sur la transmission du rayonnement du radium au travers des corps" pp. 979-984 and "Sur la transparance de l'aluminium pour le rayonnement du radium" pp. 1154-57. P. CURIE et G. SAGNAC "Électrisation négative des rayons secondaires produits au moyen des rayons de Röntgen" pp. 1013-1016. unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danimarca2500,00 DKK≈ 334,46 €

WOHLER, F et J LIEBIG - THE DISCOVERY OF "EMULSIN" A MAIN WORK IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRYBiblio.com

Sur la Formation de l'Huile d'Amandes amères. Emploi d'un nouveau Médicament en place des Waux distillées du Laurier-Cerise ou d'Amandes amères proposé par. F. Woehler et J. Liebig.

1837rif. 48086Paris Crochard et Comp. 1837. Orig. printed wrappers. No backstrip. In: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago." tome 64 Cahier 2 Fevrier 1837. Pp. 113-224. Entire issue offered with printed wrappers. Wöhler a. Liebig's papers: pp. 185-209 a. pp. 209-217. First appearance of this classic paper in organic chemistry in which Wöhler and Liebig showed how Amygdalin could be decomposed by a vegetable emulsion the first example of a glycoside. The papers were issued at the same time in "Annalen der Physik und Chemie"."The conclusions which you have drawn from the investigation of bitter-almond oil" wrote Berzelius to Liebig and Wöhler "are certainly the most importent which have so far been reached in the domain of vegetable chemistry and give promise of shedding an unexpected light over this part of the science.The facts which you have set forth inspire such reflections that they may be regarded as the dawn of a new day in vegetable chemistry."Berzelius-Wöhler Briefwechsel."During the years that Liebig was preoccupied with the ether theory and with organic acids he also carried out two importent investigations with Wöhler. In october 1836 Wöhler wrote that he had discovered a way to transform amygdalin to oil of bitter almonds and hydrocyanid acis by distilling it with manganese and sulfuric acid and he invited Liebig to join in pursuing the topic. Two days later he made a more remarkable discovery. It had occurred to him that perhaps thetransformation of amygdalin could be effected by the albumin in the almonds in a manner similar to the action of yeast in sugar.Wöhler suspected that the decomposition was an example of what Berzelius had recently defined as catalysis. Liebig and Wöhler then divided up the detailed examination of the properties and composition of amygdalin. They precipitated from the emulsion of almonds a substance which when dissolved retain its action. They named the active substance "emulsion". Its effectiveness in very small quantities confirmed that it acted like yeast."DSB VIII p. 342. unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danimarca2500,00 DKK≈ 334,46 €

WOHLER, F und J LIEBIG - THE DISCOVERY OF "EMULSIN" A MAIN WORK IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRYBiblio.com

Ueber die Bildung des Bittermandelöls. Vorschlag zur Einführung eines neuen Arzneimittels anstatt des destillirten Kirschlorbeer- und Bittermandelswassers. Ueber Marcet's Xanthic-Oxyd. 3 papers all by Wöhler u. Liebig.

1837rif. 43739Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1837. Without wrappers as issued in "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff" Bd. 41 Zweites Stück. Entire issue No 6 offered. Titlepage to vol. 41. Pp. 225-448 a. 2 folded engraved plates. Wöhler & Liebig's papers: pp. 345-366 pp. 366-374 a. pp. 393-397. Clean and fine. First appearance of this classic paper in organic chemistry in which Wöhler and Liebig showed how Amygdalin could be decomposed by a vegetable emulsion the first example of a glycoside."The conclusions which you have drawn from the investigation of bitter-almond oil" wrote Berzelius to Liebig and Wöhler "are certainly the most importent which have so far been reached in the domain of vegetable chemistry and give promise of shedding an unexpected light over this part of the science.The facts which you have set forth inspire such reflections that they may be regarded as the dawn of a new day in vegetable chemistry."Berzelius-Wöhler Briefwechsel."During the years that Liebig was preoccupied with the ether theory and with organic acids he also carried out two importent investigations with Wöhler. In october 1836 Wöhler wrote that he had discovered a way to transform amygdalin to oil of bitter almonds and hydrocyanid acis by distilling it with manganese and sulfuric acid and he invited Liebig to join in pursuing the topic. Two days later he made a more remarkable discovery. It had occurred to him that perhaps thetransformation of amygdalin could be effected by the albumin in the almonds in a manner similar to the action of yeast in sugar.Wöhler suspected that the decomposition was an example of what Berzelius had recently defined as catalysis. Liebig and Wöhler then divided up the detailed examination of the properties and composition of amygdalin. They precipitated from the emulsion of almonds a substance which when dissolved retain its action. They named the active substance "emulsion". Its effectiveness in very small quantities confirmed that it acted like yeast."DSB VIII p. 342. unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danimarca2500,00 DKK≈ 334,46 €

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