Arithmétique

Arithmétique — marelibri

Giuochi delle minchiate, ombre, scacchi ed altri d’ingegno

1747In -8°, pp. 128, cartonato. Prima e unica edizione di questo libro dedicato ai giochi, ma ricco di escursioni nel campo della matematica e delle scienze sociali: notevole per originalità l’ampio capitolo dedicato alle “minchiate”, ovvero i tarocchi toscani (arricchiti di una serie di carte rispetto ai tarocchi classici), in cui l’autore non si limita a descrivere il gioco e le sue regole, ma aggiunge delle lunghe e nutrite ‘note allegoriche’, in cui le carte e le varie situazioni di gioco vanno a comporre una parziale ma a volte non superficiale rappresentazione dell’universo. Matematico per formazione, scrittore prolifico, Francesco Saverio Brunetti da Corinaldo (n. 1693, non si conosce la data della morte) “visse quasi sempre in Roma, ove sotto i pontificati di Clemente XII, Benedetto XIV, e Clemente XIII, diede varj saggi della sua abilità” (Comolli, III, p. 43): al di là della sua attività di ricerca scientifica, è segnalata la capacità divulgatoria del B. che, come in questo caso, scrisse più di un trattato su istanza di (e dedicandolo a) una nobildonna “per facilitarne l’intelligenza” e renderlo “all’uso femminile, sull’esempio del Fontanelle, dell’Algarotti, e di tant’altri”. Nel presente trattato la parte matematica si limita in effetti ad alcuni esercizi di aritmetica, dando più spazio al discorso e, come nel caso degli scacchi, a una chiara esposizione delle regole (qui completata da un cospicuo repertorio di aperture). Comolli, Angelo, “Bibliografia storico-critica dell'architettura civile ed arti subalterne”, Roma, 1788-92 First and only edition of this book on games, with many excurtions in mathematics and social sciences: it’s remarkable the wide part dedicated to the “Minchiate”, i.e. tuscan tarots (with more cards than the classic ones): the author not only explains the game and its rules, but also adds some long ‘allegoric notes’, in which cards and game situations composes a short but not shallow representation of human types and events. Basically a scientist, Brunetti (born in 1693, death is unknown), was living in Rome, under protection of popes Clemens XII, Benedict XIV, Clemens XIII: his activity included disclosure works, as this one, in which mathematics are limited to basic arithmetics, giving more room to explanations and, as for chess, a plain exposition of rules (there’s also a nourrished openings list). See Comolli, III vol., p. 43

Libreria Antonio Pettini · Italia900,00 €

Pennsylvania Education; Arithmetic NotebookBiblio.com

Handwritten Arithmetic Notebook Recording Education on Economics and Business in Rural Pennsylvania Before Standardized Textbooks 1841-42

1841rif. 197091841. Pennsylvania Mathematic Education 19th-Century Handwritten Arithmetic Notebook from Bucks County Pennsylvania. Manuscript arithmetic notebook comprising 48 handwritten pages approximately 12 × 7½ inches executed by Isaac Fluck of Bucks County Pennsylvania between December 1841 and 1842. Fluck was born in 1826 making him approximately sixteen years old when he compiled these pages during his high-school education. The volume is systematically organized with clear subject headings at the top of each leaf - such as "English Money" "Cloth Measure" "Addition of Federal Money" and "Compound Division" - followed by worked examples written computations and applied problem sets. A recurring emphasis on conversions measurements and multi-step arithmetic underscores the practical education valued in mid-nineteenth-century America. The notebook is distinguished by its preservation of authentic word problems that illustrate how mathematical instruction was tied to everyday concerns. One problem asks the learner to "Subtract 36 acres 2 rods from 900 acres 3 rods 16 perches" while another records multi-digit subtraction including "Subtract fifteen thousand five hundred and nine from twenty thousand six hundred and fifty four." Other entries show Fluck reducing long measures - from leagues to miles and furlongs to poles - and calculating "simple subtraction" with large numbers evidencing both the student's increasing confidence and the curriculum's emphasis on real-world numeracy. The alternating use of black and blue ink throughout the notebook as well as the range of topics addressed indicates ongoing study over months rather than a single session. The breadth of lessons - from federal money and cloth measure to compound multiplication and time calculations - reflects the type of math education offered in preparatory schools of the period. As a student-produced manuscript this notebook offers rare primary evidence of arithmetic pedagogy prior to the widespread adoption of printed textbooks and demonstrates how young Americans were trained in the mathematical skills necessary for commerce trade and measurement in a rapidly developing nation. For institutional collections it provides direct insight into the intellectual life of a teenage student in pre-Civil War Pennsylvania and the material culture of learning in the antebellum United States. Condition: The notebook's covers are detached and some dampstaining and foxing throughout otherwise very good condition. unknown