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1924ref. 32820524FIRST EDITION of this classic in the history of quantum mechanics "Planck's Law and Light Quantum Hypothesis" pp. 178-181 in vol. 26. Bose sent this paper to Einstein who translated it into German for this initial publication with the comment "In my opinion Bose's derivation of the Planck formula signifies an important advance." In this paper he "succeeded in deriving the Planck blackbody radiation law without reference to classical electrodynamics. Einstein's generalization of Bose's method led to the first of two systems of quantum statistical mechanics known as the Bose-Einstein statistics. Paul Dirac later coined the term 'boson' for particles that obey these statistics" DSB. "With their work Bose and Einstein established the field of quantum statistics one year before the appearance of quantum mechanics" Brandt The Harvest of a Century This volume also contains three papers by Werner Heisenberg. Complete vols. 25-26. Contemporary half calf. Near fine without any library markings.
1906ref. 32820369Contemporary half dark green roan. Rubbed some chipping separation at upper joint. Library markings. FIRST EDITION of "On the Theory of Light Production and Light Absorption" pp. 199-206. This classic in the history of physics is Einstein's second paper on the photoelectric effect. Einstein reconciles his and Planck's independent derivations of the blackbody formula E=hν. Planck's derivation of this formula ascribed it to a restriction on the energy changes possible when radiation is produced or absorbed by matter which implied no restriction on the energies of either matter or radiation. Einstein's 1905 derivation ascribed it to a restriction on the energy of radiation alone but in this paper he proposes the modern idea that the energies of both matter and radiation are quantized which led to his work on quantum specific heats. and FIRST EDITION of "The Principle of Conservation of Motion of the Center of Gravity and the Inertia of Energy" pp. 627-633. In this "ingenious thought experiment involving energy transport in a hollow cylinder Einstein returned to the relationship between inertial mass and energy giving more general arguments for their complete equivalence" Calaprice The Einstein Almanac. This is the first statement that the conservation of mass is a special case of the conservation of energy. Annalen der Physik
1905ref. 32820546FIRST EDITION. "On the Movement of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid Demanded by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat" appears here on pp. 549-560. This landmark paper on Brownian motion is one of the three great papers from 1905 Einstein annus mirabilis. Although most physicists and chemists accepted the idea of atoms as a useful concept in 1905 many still questioned whether they actually existed. Einstein later claimed that "my major aim in this research was to find facts which would guarantee as much as possible the existence of atoms of finite size." In 1827 botanist Robert Brown had used a microscope to look at dust grains floating in water. He found that the floating grains were moving about erratically a phenomenon that became known as "Brownian motion." In this paper Einstein proved the reality of these molecules and their motions by producing the first statistical physics analysis of Brownian motion. French physicist Jean Perrin used Einstein's results to experimentally determine the mass and the dimensions of atoms thereby conclusively verifying Dalton's atomic theory first proposed in 1808. "Eventually the experimental evidence supporting Einstein's theory of Brownian motion became so compelling that the naysayers were forced to accept the existence of material atoms. His fundamental work on applying statistical methods to the random motions of Newtonian atoms also led to his insights into the photo electric effect through the discovery of a critical connection between his statistical theory of heat and the behavior of electromagnetic radiation. This was the first step in his goal to unify the two fields" APS. Complete issue removed from bound volume. Very good.
1917ref. 19286Leipzig: S. Hirzel 1917. FIRST EDITION. Contemporary half cloth and marbled boards preserved in a morocco slipcase. An excellent clean copy. First edition of this classic work on the quantum theory of radiation by Einstein in which he predicts the existence of the phenomenon of stimulated emission of radiation. He here analyzes the properties of photons and demonsrtrtes that Planck’s law is directly deducible from quantum theory and the concept of transition probabilities. Four decades later MASER and LASER devices are operated to prove him right. Boni 95; Weil 91. S. Hirzel unknown
1917ref. 19286Leipzig: S. Hirzel 1917. FIRST EDITION. Contemporary half cloth and marbled boards preserved in a morocco slipcase. An excellent clean copy. First edition of this classic work on the quantum theory of radiation by Einstein in which he predicts the existence of the phenomenon of stimulated emission of radiation. He here analyzes the properties of photons and demonsrtrtes that Planck’s law is directly deducible from quantum theory and the concept of transition probabilities. Four decades later MASER and LASER devices are operated to prove him right. Boni 95; Weil 91. S. Hirzel unknown books
1905ref. 19259Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1905. FIRST EDITION. Line-block and halftone text illustrations one folding table 3 halftone plates 1 collotype plate. Contemporary cloth-backed marbled boards title and date in gilt on spine; an excellent copy with the small stamp of the University of Basel on the fly-leaf preserved in a clamshell box. First edition journal issues of three important early papers by Einstein. In the first paper “Einstein suggested that light be considered a collection of independent particles of energy which he called ‘light quanta.’ Such a hypothesis he argued would provide an answer to the problem of black-body radiation where classical theories had failed and would also explain several puzzling properties of fluorescence photoionization and the photoelectric effect” Norman. It was for this paper together with one of the photoelectric effect “Zur theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtabsorption” published in 1906 that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. The second paper proved according to Einstein himself that “according to the molecular theory of heat bodies of dimensions of the order of 1/1000 mm. suspended in liquid experience apparent random movement due to the thermal Brownian molecular movement quoted by R.W. Clark Einstein New York 1984 p. 87. Experimental verification of the predictions made in this paper contributed to proving the physical reality of molecules. The third paper on the electodynamics of moving bodies was Einstein’s first statement of the special theory of relativity. In it he argued that all motion is relative to the inertial system in which it is measured and that matter and energy are equivalent. As he himself remarked “it modifies the theory of space and time.” I: Weil 6; Norman 689; II: Weil 8 Norman 690; III: Weil 9 Dibner Heralds of Science 167; Grolier/Horblit 26b Norman 691A. Johann Ambrosius Barth unknown
1905ref. 19259Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1905. FIRST EDITION. Line-block and halftone text illustrations one folding table 3 halftone plates 1 collotype plate. Contemporary cloth-backed marbled boards title and date in gilt on spine; an excellent copy with the small stamp of the University of Basel on the fly-leaf preserved in a clamshell box. First edition journal issues of three important early papers by Einstein. In the first paper “Einstein suggested that light be considered a collection of independent particles of energy which he called ‘light quanta.’ Such a hypothesis he argued would provide an answer to the problem of black-body radiation where classical theories had failed and would also explain several puzzling properties of fluorescence photoionization and the photoelectric effect” Norman. It was for this paper together with one of the photoelectric effect “Zur theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtabsorption” published in 1906 that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. The second paper proved according to Einstein himself that “according to the molecular theory of heat bodies of dimensions of the order of 1/1000 mm. suspended in liquid experience apparent random movement due to the thermal Brownian molecular movement quoted by R.W. Clark Einstein New York 1984 p. 87. Experimental verification of the predictions made in this paper contributed to proving the physical reality of molecules. The third paper on the electodynamics of moving bodies was Einstein’s first statement of the special theory of relativity. In it he argued that all motion is relative to the inertial system in which it is measured and that matter and energy are equivalent. As he himself remarked “it modifies the theory of space and time.” I: Weil 6; Norman 689; II: Weil 8 Norman 690; III: Weil 9 Dibner Heralds of Science 167; Grolier/Horblit 26b Norman 691A. Johann Ambrosius Barth unknown books
1908ref. 2507Leipzig: S. Hirzel 1908. First edition. original wrappers. Very Good. THE BIRTH OF GENERAL RELATIVITY: FIRST PRINTING IN RARE ORIGINAL WRAPPERS OF ONE ONE EINSTEIN'S MOST IMPORTANT PAPERS; containing the beginning of general relativity the derivations of the equivalence principle gravitational redshift and the gravitational bending of light. "Einstein's road to general relativity began in November 1907 when he was struggling against a deadline to finish an article for a science yearbook explaining his special theory of relativity. Two limitations of that theory still bothered him: it applied only to uniform constant-velocity motion. and it did not incorporate Newton's theory of gravity. "'I was sitting in a chair in the patent office at Bern when all of a sudden a thought occurred to me' he recalled. 'If a person falls freely he will not feel his own weight.' That realization which 'startled' him launched him on an arduous eight-year effort to generalize his special theory of relativity and 'impelled me toward a theory of gravitation.' Later he would call it 'the happiest though in my life.' "The tale of the falling man has become an iconic one and in some accounts it actually involves a painter who fell from the roof of an apartment building near the patent office. Einstein refined his thought experiment so that the falling man was in an enclosed chamber such as an elevator in free fall above the earth. In this falling chamber at least until it crashed the man would feel weightless. Any objects he emptied from his pocket and let loose would float alongside him. "Looking at it another way Einstein imagined a man in an enclosed chamber floating in deep space 'far removed from stars and other appreciable masses.' He would experience the same perceptions of weightlessness. 'Gravitation naturally does not exist for this observer. He must fasten himself with strings to the floor otherwise the slightest impact against the floor will cause him to rise slowly towards the ceiling.' "Then Einstein imagined that a rope was hooked onto the roof of the chamber and pulled up with a constant force. 'The chamber together with the observer then begin to move "upwards" with a uniformly accelerated motion.' The man inside will feel himself pressed to the floor. 'He is then standing in the chest in exactly the same way as anyone stands in a room of a house on our earth. The man in the chamber will come to the conclusion that he and the chest are in a gravitational field. Just then however he discovers the hook in the middle of the lid of the chest and the rope which is attached to it and he consequently comes to the conclusion that the chamber is suspended at rest in the gravitational field.' Einstein observed that inertial mass always equals gravitational mass and through his thought experiments concluded that "From this correspondence it follows that it is impossible to discover by experiment whether a given system of coordinates is accelerated or whether. the observed effects are due to a gravitational field." "Einstein called this 'the equivalence principle.' The local effects of gravity and of acceleration are equivalent. "In 1907 working against the deadline imposed by the Yearbook of Radioactivity and Electronics Einstein tacked on a fifth section to his article on relativity that sketched out his new ideas. He also came up with many predictions that could be tested including that light should be bent by gravity and that the wavelength of light emitted from a source with a large mass such as the sun should increase slightly in what has become known as the gravitational redshift. "It would take Einstein another eight years until November 1915 to work out the fundamentals of this theory and find the math to express it. Then it would take another four years before the most vivid of his predictions the extent to which gravity would bend light was verified by dramatic observations. But at least Einstein now had a vision one that started him on the road toward one of the most elegant and impressive achievements in the history of physics: the general theory of relativity" Isaacson Einstein 145-49. Weil in his bibliography also notes that "On p.443 are probably the first explicit statements both of the equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass and of the equation for mass in terms of energy now regarded as the theoretical basis for the release of atomic energy." Weil 21. Although Einstein submitted the paper on 4 December 1907 it wasn't published until the January 22 issue of the Jarbuch. Note: There was a very short "Correction" in a subsequent issue not included here. IN: Jahrbuch der Radioactivität under Electronik Vierter Band - 4. Heft No. 16 pp. 411-462. Leipzig: S. Hirzel 1908. Octavo original wrappers; handsome custom box. Light wear to wrappers and split to spine; text fine with Einstein paper largely unopened. AN EXTREMELY RARE COPY IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS OF ONE OF EINSTEIN'S MOST IMPORTANT PAPERS. S. Hirzel unknown books
1911ref. 50424Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1911. The Genesis of General Relativity Einstein Albert 1879-1955. 1 Elementare betrachtungen über die thermische molekularbewengung in festen Körpern. In Annalen der Physik 35 9: 679-94 pp. Weil 42. 2 Über den Einfluß der Schwerkraft auf die Ausbreitung des lichtes. In Annalen der Physik 35 10: 898-908 pp. Weil 43. Red cloth gilt spine lettering. Figs. Text-illust. 214 x 140 mm. Whole volume: viii 1040 pp. 6 plates 3 b/w silver photos 1 colorized 2 folding. Very good. Approximate English translations of titles: 1 "Elementary considerations about thermal molecular motion in solid bodies" and 2 "On the influence of gravity on the propagation of light." "Einstein returns to his thoughts on gravitation and discusses his ideas on the static gravitational field no. 1 above advancing the "half-shift" prediction of the deflection of light by a massive body such as the Sun. In his early papers on the subject . . . he used two important features: the principle of equivalence and the role of the speed of light. In this paper he takes a broader perspective saying that if a light beam is bent in an accelerating frame of reference then if the theory is correct it must also be besnt by gravity by exactly the equivalent amount." Calaprice An Einstein Encyclopedia. "An important conclusion of this paper is that the velocity of light in a gravitational field is a function of the place. The equation: c = c01 / c2 signifies that there exists a relationship between the velocity of light and the gravitational potential; the latter influences the first." Weinstein Einstein's 1912-1913 struggles with Gravitation Theory: Importance of Static Gravitational Fields Theory. "Here no. 2 above Einstein continues the work he had begun in 1907 on the specific heat of solids where the heat agitation of solids was reduced to a monochromatic oscillation of the atom and the specific heat was determined based on the quantum treatment of an oscillator in a radiation field. He explains the discrepencies between his formula and the measurements at low temperatures" Calaprice An Einstein Encyclopedia. Weil's Einstein Bibliography nos. 42 and 43. Boni's Einstein Checklist nos. 38 39. . Johann Ambrosius Barth unknown books
1908ref. 432171908. Einstein Albert 1879-1955 and Jakob Johann Laub 1884-1962. Über die elektromagnetischen Grundgleichungen für bewegter Körper. Offprint from Annalen der Physik 4th series 26 1908. 532-540pp. 225 x 146 mm. Original printed wrappers. Fine. First Edition Offprint Issue. Einstein's first paper written jointly with a collaborator on the relativistic electrodynamics of ponderable media. "In 1908 Laub wrote works together with Einstein on the basic electromagnetic equations which was aimed to replace the four-dimensional formulation of the electrodynamics by Minkowski by a simpler classical formulation. Both Laub and Einstein discounted the spacetime formalism as too complicated. However it turned out that Minkowski's spacetime formalism was fundamental for the further development of special relativity" Wikipedia. Pais Subtle is the Lord pp. 151 154. Shields 23. Weil 23. . unknown books
1907ref. 50420Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1907. Einstein explicitly establishes E=mc2. Einstein Albert 1879-1955. 1 Über die Möglichkeit einer neuen Prüfung des Relativitätsprinzips. In Annalen der Physik 23 6: pp. 197-8. 2 Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: "Die translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz." In Annalen der Physik 23 6: pp. 206-8. 3 Über die vom relativitätsprinzip geforderte Trägheit der Energie. In Annalen der Physik 23 7: pp. 371-384. 8vo. Red cloth gilt lettering on spine. 214 x 140 mm. Whole volume: viii 1000 pp. 4 plates numbered Taf. I - IV. Tafs. I II and IV are folding Taf. III is b/w silver photograph tipped to sheet. Foot of the spine is repaired. Very good. Approximate English translations of titles: 1 "On the possibility of a new test of the principle of relativity." 2 "Remarks on Mr. Paul Ehrenfest's note: 'The translation of deformable electrons and the surface theorem.'" 3 "On the inertia of energy required by the principle of relativity." In "On the inertia of energy required by the relativity principle" May 1907 "Using rather than m V rather than c and 0 rather than E0 Einstein wrote his famous equation for the first time as V2= 0 and he did it in a footnote. At the end of that paper he introduced the symbol E0 to denote energy in the rest frame and wrote the famous expression again this time as =E0/V2." -Eugene Hecht How Einstein confirmed E0 = mc2 In the third paper Einstein explicitly establishes his famous equation E=mc2 although with different symbols. In this paper Einstein discussed the relationship between inertial mass and energy arguing for their complete equivalence namely that every mass has an equivalent energy just as every form of energy has an equivalent mass. This relation says that a photon can convert for the equivalence of mass and energy his celebrated equation E = mc2 Calaprice The Einstein Almanac. Weil's Einstein Bibliography nos. 17 18 and 19 respectively. Boni's Einstein Checklist nos. 17 18 and 19 respectively. . Johann Ambrosius Barth unknown books
1922ref. 792Berlin: Springer 1922. First Edition. Wrappers. Near fine. 2 vols. in German the first appearance of 2 distinct papers in 2 separate periodical issues September 13 and November 17. Both are complete in original wrappers. Near fine small pencil name on the Nov. cover. Seems to be surprisingly rare. RBH lists no auction sales of Friedmann's article title and date since 1975 and only one copy of it is listed by OCLC but copies of the bound annual Zeitschrift für Physik are regularly available and should not in this case be considered in any way equivalent to our set in publisher's wrappers. 1. Friedmann's pioneering paper the first to seriously apply general relativity to cosmology without the stabilizing cosmological constant theorizing and mathematically formularizing an expanding universe dragging cosmology into a branch of physics. In Zeitschrift für Physik Band 10 He 16 September 13 1922 pages 377-386 "Here we have for the first time the idea of an expanding universe originating in a singularity-a big-bang." -Helge Kragh Cosmology and Controversy page 24. 2. Einstein's critical remarks on Friedmann's paper that he retracted in 1923. In Zeitschrift für Physik Band 11 He 4/5 November 17 1922 page 326. Springer unknown books
1917ref. 6547Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg 1917. Ninth printing. Acceptable. 23 cm; iv. 79 pages. Three figures in text along with numerous equations. In original printed wraps. Acceptable only with paper peeling from the spine and sewing tender. Paper cover is completely detached in front and hanging by a thread in back. The pages are yellowed. There is an ownership autograph of one E. Bodländer. That said a clean unmarked copy in original state. The original German edition of Einstein's epoch-making "On the Special and General Theory of Relativity. Friedrich Vieweg paperback books
1921ref. 433161921. Offprint from Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1921. Single sheet pp. 882-883. 256 x 184 mm. Minor marginal tears one corner chipped but very good. First ediiton offprint issue. "Since after 1917 Einstein firmly believed that light-quanta were here to stay it is not surprising that he would look for new ways in which the existence of photons might lead to observable devations from the classical picture. In this he did not succeed. At one point in 1921 he thought he had found a new quantum criterion published in the present paper but it soon turned out to be a false lead" Pais Subtle is the Lord pp. 412-413. Weil Albert Einstein Bibliography 118. unknown books
1906ref. 432891906. Einstein Albert 1879-1955. Über eine Methode zur Bestimmung des Verhältnisses der transversalen und longitudinalen Masse des Elektrons. Offprint from Annalen der Physik 21 1906. 583-586pp. 223 x 145 mm. Original printed wrappers chipped spine splitting minor spotting. Light toning but very good. First Edition Rare Offprint Issue. In his landmark 1905 paper on special relativity Einstein used the velocity-dependent concepts of transverse and longitudinal mass for the moving electron these terms have now been replaced with the concept of relativistic mass first defined by Lewis and Tolman in 1909. In the present paper Einstein proposed an experimental method for determining the ratio of the transverse to the longitudinal mass and invited experimentalists to verify his special theory of relativity. Einstein later abandoned velocity-dependent mass concepts stating in 1948 that "it is better to introduce no other mass concept than the 'rest mass' m" quoted in L. B. Okun "The concept of mass" Physics Today 1989: 31-36. Lavenda A New Perspective on Relativity pp. 7-8. Weil Albert Einstein Bibliography 14. . unknown books
1910ref. 50336Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1910. Einstein Albert 1879-1955. 1 Uber einen Satz der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung und seine Anwendung in der Strahlungstheorie with L. Hopf. pp. 1096-1104. Weil 34 Boni 29. 2 Statistiche Untersuchung der Bewegung eines Resonators in einem Strahlungsfeld with L. Hopf. pp. 1105-1115. Weil 35 Boni 30. 3 Theorie der Opaleszens von homogenen Flüssigkeiten und Flüssigkeitsgemischen in der Nähe des kritischen Zustandes. pp. 1275-1298. Weil 36. In Annalen der Physik und Chemie 33. Red cloth with gilt lettering on the spine. Whole volume: viii 1584 pp. 6 plates. Text-figs. 210 x 130 mm. Very good copy. Approximate English translations of titles and brief explanations of papers: 1 "On a theorem of probability calculus and its application in the radiation theory." "Einstein and Hopf wrote this paper to show that the failure of statistical mechanics vis-a-vis the radiation law cannot be ameliorated by proposing that individual statistical events in the emission of light from different points on the surface of a luminous body are not actually independent but instead are interdependent with each other. Even if one assumes a failure to be statistically independent one derives the same usual form of the radiation law as Fourier sum." p. 290. Calaprice Kennefick & Shulmann. An Einstein Encyclopedia. 2015. 2 "Statistical investigation of the movement of a resonator in a radiation field." With: L. Hopf. "The authors make use of the results in no. 1 above demonstrating that the Rayleigh-Jeans law of radiation is an unavoidable consequence of statistics even if we avoid assumptions that we may think need correction. In other words we cannot blame statistics for a faulty result." p. 290. Calaprice Kennefick & Shulmann. An Einstein Encyclopedia. 2015. 3 "Theory of the opalescence of homogenous liquids and liquid mixtures near the critical state"."Einstein explains the optical effects that occur near the critical point of a fluid at which liquid gas phases can coexist and of a binary mixture of liquids that can also explain the blue color of the sky. It adds to earlier stuidies that provided evidence for the atomistic constitution of matter and is one of the most difficult papers to understand." p. 290. Calaprice Kennefick & Shulmann. An Einstein Encyclopedia. 2015. "October 1910. E. completes a paper on critical opalescence his last major work in classical statistical physics." Pais Subtle is the Lord. 523. Weil's Einstein Bibliography nos. 34 35 and 36 respectively. Boni's Einstein Checklist nos. 29 30 and 31 respectively. . Johann Ambrosius Barth unknown books
1916ref. 50341Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1916. Einstein Albert 1879-1955. Über Friedrich Kottlers Abhandlung "Über Einsteins Äquivalenzhypothese und die Gravitation." In Annalen der Physik 51 638-642 pp. Red cloth with gilt lettering on the spine. Whole volume: 883 pp. 4 plates. Figs. Text-illust. 210 x 130 mm. A very good copy. Weil's Einstein Bibliography no. 81. Boni's Einstein Checklist no. 79. . Johann Ambrosius Barth unknown books
1920ref. 7913FB1920. Berlin Springer 1920. 8°. 15 1 S. Unbeschnittene Original-Broschur gebräunt leicht fleckig. Durchgehend mäßig braunfleckig. Sonst gut. unknown
1920ref. 29309Berlin Julius Springer 1920. Clothbacked boards. Bound with orig. printed wrappers. Small inkspots in inner margins of wrappers. 15 pp. First edition. - Weil No. 111. hardcover
1920ref. 29310Berlin Julius Springer 1920. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. 15 pp. First edition. - Weil No. 111. unknown
1920ref. 38643Berlin Julius Springer 1920. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. 15 1 pp. Clean and fine near mint condition. First edition. - Weil: 111. unknown
1920ref. 88490Berlin, Julius Springer, 1920, in-8, 15 pp, Broché, couverture agrafée de l'éditeur, Édition originale de ce discours prononcé par Einstein (1879-1955) le 5 mai 1920 à la Reichsuniversität de Leyde, à l'occasion de son entrée en fonction en tant que professeur invité. Le savant y expose comment la conception ancienne de l'éther a laissé la place à la notion de gravitation. Cachet ex-libris du révolutionnaire Russe et bibliophile Marcel Bekus (1888-1939). Bon exemplaire. Couverture insolée, agrafes oxydées. Hans-Josef Küpper, Verzeichnis Der Wissenschaftlichen Publikationen Albert Einsteins von 1901-1922 [en ligne]. Weil, 111. Couverture rigide
1920ref. 38643Berlin, Julius Springer, 1920. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. 15, (1) pp. Clean and fine, near mint condition.
1920ref. 29309Berlin, Julius Springer, 1920. Clothbacked boards. Bound with orig. printed wrappers. Small inkspots in inner margins of wrappers. 15 pp.
1920ref. 29310Berlin, Julius Springer, 1920. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. 15 pp.