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1900rif. 48173Berlin Johann Ambrosius Barth 1900. Contemp. hcloth. over marbled boards gilt title to spine. Housed in a fine black morocco slicase gilt borders on sides spine with raised bands and gilt lettering. In: "Annalen der Physik" Vierte Folge Band 1. VIII 792 pp. 3 folded engraved plates.Entire volume offered. Planck's papers: pp. 69-122; 621-624;719-737. A very fine and clean copy. With the bookplate of Andras Gedeon on inside frontcover. First edition of these fundamental and highly influential Planck-papers in which he defines his concept of entropy and heat radiation and hereby ANTICIPATES HIS FAMOUS SEMINAL PAPER OF 1900 which redefined physics and took it to the 20th century. - The first two papers "Ueber irreversible Strahlungsvorgänge" were rewritten for the "Annalen" and was first introduced in "Sitzungsberichte d.k. Akad. Wissensch. zu Berlin"."By invoking the hypothesis of natural radiation Planck not only succeeded in obtaining a relation between the energy of the resonator and the intensity of radiation for a given wavelength or frequency but also in defining the entropy of radiation by a proper expression such that the change of the total entropy was always a positive quantity". Mehra Jagdish. The historical development of quantum theory 2001 p. 36. These results found in the period 1894-00 culminated in the present paper "Ueber irreversible Strahlungsvorgänge" and for the first time incorporates the concept of natural radiation and made a purely electromagnetic definition of entropy and of temperature. hardcover
1799rif. 43865Halle Rengerschen Buchhandlung 1799. Without wrappers. In "Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert" Bd. 2 Erstes Stück. The entire issue offered. Titlepage to vol. 2. Pp. 1-118 a. 2 folded engraved plates. Cavendish's paper: pp. 1-62. the torsion balance of Michell shown on the plates. First German edition of Cavendish's famous paper in which he calculated the weight of the earth and determined its mass. He also as the first observed gravitational motion of minute portions of matter. He estimates the earth's mass to 66 x 10 to the potential of 24 kg. The original paper "Experiments to determine the Density of the Earth" appeared in Philosophical Transaction 1798."Cavendish published five papers between 1784 and 1809.With one exception they were comparatively minor productions.The exception was his determination of the density of the earth or weighing of the world in 1798 by means of John Michell's torsion balance. The apparatus consisted of two lead balls on either end of a suspended beam; these movable balls were attracted by a pair of stationary lead balls. Cavendish calculated the the force of attraction between the balls fro the observed period of oscillation of the balance and deduced the density of the earth from the force. He found it to be 5.48 times that of water. Cavendish was the first to observe gravitational motions induced by comparatively minute portions of ordinary matter.By weighing the world he rendered the law of gravitation complete. The law was no longer a proportionally statement but a quantitatively exact one; this was the most importent addition to the science of gravitation since Newton."DSB III p. 158. unknown
1853rif. 43123Paris Victor Masson Imprimerie de Bachelier 1853. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf raised bands gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Slightly rubbed. A small weakness to upper part of fronthinge. Small stamps on verso of titlepage and on verso of plates. In "Annales de Chimie et de Physique" 3me Series - Tome XXXVII. 512 pp. and 3 plates. The entire volume offered. Gerhardt's paper: pp. 285-342. Light scattered brownspots. First printing of an importent paper in which Gerhardt introduced the concept of "type" in organic chemistry in order to understand all substitution reactions."Gerhardt adopted Laurent's nucleus or unitary theory and combined it with the theory of types and radicals. In 1852 he discovered the anhydrides of organic acids and explained their structure by an extension of the water type of Williamson. He further proposed that all organic compounds could be related to one of four inorganic types: water hydrogen hydrogen chloride and ammonia. These types could be used to explain most organic reactions as double decompositions. Since Gerhard felt that the formula of organic compounds never ecpressed the actual structure of the molecule but only its reactions he was satisfied with this theory and carried it no farther. However it was a great advance in systematization and helped to bring order into the confused field of organic reactions."Leicester & Klickstein "A Source Book in Chemistry 1400-1900" p. 351."Gerhardt will occupy a permanent position in the history of Chemistry for his services to organic classification for his concept of homology for his preparation of acid anhydrides and for his reform of equivalents."DSB V p. 374.The volume contains further importent papers Marcelin Berthelot "Sur la Bichlorhydrate D'Essence de Térébenthine" pp. 223-230 by Arago Edmond Becquerel etc.etc. hardcover