‎Chimie‎

‎"COUPER, A. - S.(ARCHIBALD SCOTT). - INTRODUCING A NEW ERA IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Sur une nouvelle Théorie cimique.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson, 1858. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3e Series - Tome 53. 512 pp. a. 2 folded engarved plates.(The entire volume offered). Couper's paper: pp. 469-489. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎First appearance of this milestone paper in organic chemistry - a shorter note was published in Comptes Rendus in June 1858 - in which, independently of Kekulé, Couper introduces the CONCEPT OF BONDS (represented as a dash or a dotted line) in chemistry and also observes the very importent fact, that carbon atoms forms the backbone of organic compounds.""It was not till 1858 that a satisfactory theory of molecular constitution was advanced, simultaneously and endependently, by thwo young chemists, Friedrich August Kekulé and Archibald Scott Couper. The theory of molecular constitution put foreward....by Couper and Kekulé rested on two main postulates, the quadriivalency of carbon,....and the capacity of the carbon atom for mutual linking or combining together to form a carbon ""chain"". By this hypothesis of the mutual linking together of carbon atoms - which waslater confirmed by experiment - it was possible to explain the formation of organic compounds containing a large number of carbon atoms. On the foundation of their postulates two postulates, moreover, (they) showed how the molecular constitution or mutual linking together of the atoms of a compound could be represented diagrammatically and the relstions between different compounds made readily intelligible. In his classic paper ""On a New Chemical Theory"" (the paper offered here in its first appearance) advanced beyond Kekulé by representing the constitutions of the compounds by means of GRAPHIC FORMULA in which, as at the present day, the valencies pf the atoms are represented by lines....his formulae are similar to those at present in use...""(Findlay pp. 34 ff)""The theory of Kekulé and Couper gave the chemists the maeans of solving the problems of chemical constitution"" and by means of the graphic or constitutional formulae it became possible to represent the molecular constitution of known compounds and to foresee the possible existence of isomeric compounds.""(Findlay).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1858 C.The volume contains another importent, monumental memoir MARCELLIN BERTHELOT ""Sur la Synthèse des Carbures D'Hydrogene"", pp. 69-208. Here he prsents his review of his work in organic chemistry during the previous ten years. ""In his conclusion Berthelot argued that chemistry differed from a descriptive science such as natural history by being creative and that in this it resembled the mathematical sciences.""(DSB)‎

书商的参考编号 : 44228

‎"CAILLETET, M.L. - THE PROCESS OF LIQUEFACTION OF OXYGEN AND OTHER GASES INVENTED.‎

‎Recherches sur la Liquèfaction des Gaz.‎

‎(Paris, G. Masson, 1878). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 5e Series - Tome 15, Cahier Septembre 1878. Pp. 5-144. (Entire issue offered). Cailletet's paper: pp. 132-144, textillustrations of apparatus used.‎

‎First appearance of a milestonepaper in chemistry in which Cailletet describes his invention of the liquedifaction-process of oxygen and 5 other gases - and a classic in Low-Temperature Chemistry.""Cailletet is most famous for his investigations on the compression and liquefaction of gases. At the time there were still six gases that were considered permanen: oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, nitrogen dioxyde, acrbon monooxide, and acetylene. Liquefaction had not been achieved despite the use of what were considered ernomous pressures. At the end of 1877 and the beginning of 1878 Callitet liquefied all these gases shortly before Raoul Pictet, who employed a completely different procedure. Cailletet had, following Andrews, recognized the importence of the critical temperature, above which liquefaction of a gas does not take place. In order to produce the necessary ccoling, he had recourse to expansion, sometimes employing several expansions in a staged process. It was in this manner that he succeeded in liquefying oxygen by beginning with liquid ethylene and passing through the stage of liquid methane.""(DSB III, pp. 11-12). Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1877 C.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44230

‎"LECOQ de BOISBAUDRAN, PAUL ÈMILE. - THE ELEMENT GALLIUM.‎

‎Sur un nouveau Métal, le Gallium.‎

‎Paris, G. Masson, 1877. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 5e Series - Tome 10. 576 pp. a. 2 folded engraved plates. (The entire volume offered). Lecoq de Boisbaudran's paper: pp. 100-141 a. 1 handcoloured engraved plate (showing the two spectral lines of gallium).‎

‎First appearance of a milestone paper in chemistry and physics in which the author describes how he found the new element Gallium by analyzing spectral lines which he observed on a Pyrenea blende sample, the emission lines corresponding to the eka-aluminum that was predicted by Mendeleev in 1871 and he subsequently isolated the element by electrolysis. This was the first element discovered by use of the spark spectrum. In his discovery of the new element Boisbaudran was not guided by the predictions of Mendeleev, but only by his own law of spectra.""Boisbaudran ranks with Bunsen, Kirchhoff, and Crookes as one of the founders of the science of spectroscopy.""(Weeks).""Lecoq de Boisbaudran announced his discovery (by spectroscopic analysis) of the new element gallium. Mendeleev had first predicted its existence and had named it eka-aluminium. The discovery was made in the author's private laboratory, in a specimen of zinc blende from the Pierrefitte mine in the Angelès Valley in the Hautes Pyrénées. He describes how on the evening of 27 August 1875 he detected the existence of this new element, which he named ""gallium"" in honor of France (Gallia). The plate shows the two spectral lines of gallium, which are distinct from those of other elements (indium and potassium) in the same region of the spectrum. A month later he ""performed in Wurtz's laboratory in Paris....a series of experiments to prove that gallium...is a true element""(Weeks). he discusses how he eventually isloated small amounts of pure metallic gallium and determined its physical and chemical properties. The paper (the paper offered) first describes gallium compounds (e.g., ammonium gallium alum,, chloride, oxide, and sulphate).""(Roy G. Neville II, p. 29).Partington IV,897. - Weeks p. 215 ff.The volume contains other nptable papers EDMUND BECQUEREL ""Sur l'Observation de la partie infra-rouge du spectre solaire, au moyen des effets de phosphorescence"", pp. 5-12, 8 papers by MARCELLIN BERTHELOT.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44235

‎"RAMSAY, WILLIAM and MORRIS W. TRAVERS. - DISCOVERY OF THE ELEMENT KRYPTON.‎

‎On a new Constituent of Atmospheric Air. Received June 8 - Read June 9, 1898.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1898) No wrappers. In ""Proceedings of the Royal Society of London."", Vol.63, Nos. 399-400 (both issues offered).. Pp. 373-480 a. 5 plates. Ransay & Travers' paper: pp. 405-408.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Ramsay and Travers announced their discovery of a new element which they named ""krypton"" (meaning hidden).""Dr. William Hampson presented them (Ransay & Travers) with about a liter of liquid air, which they used, not for liquefying the argon, but for obstaining sufficient skill in manipulation so that they would not risk loosing their precious fifteen liter of argon......The residue left after most of the liquid air had boliled away consisted largly of oxygen and nitrogen, which Ramsay and Travers temoved with red-hot copper and magnesium. ....(they) then examined the twenty-five cibic centimeters of residual gas, and when they found it to be inerst, they immediately placedit in a Pl'ucker tube connected to and induction coil and observed its spectrum. There was a bright yelælow line with a greener tint than that of the helium line and a brilliant green line that did nor coincide with any line of argon, helium, mercury, or hydrogen. They discoverede this gas on 30 May, 1898, and named it 'krypton'....they found that it belonged between bromine and rubidium in the periodic table, and so great was their excitement that the younger chemist almost forgot about his examination for doctor of sciwence which had been schedules for the next day.""(Weeks, p. 267).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1898 C.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44238

‎"HOFMANN, A.W. (AUGUST WILHELM von). - THE TRUE NATURE OF AMINES DEMONSTRATED.‎

‎Reseraches into the Molecular Constitution of the Organic Bases. (Second Memoir). Communicated by James Clark. Received March 12, - Read April 3, 1851.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor, 1851). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1851 - Part I. Pp. 357-398.‎

‎First appearance of a landmark paper in organic chemistry in which Hofmann demonstrates the true nature of amines.""Wurtz had shown the existence of methyl and ethyl amines and had suggested that that they may be regarded as derivatives of ammonia. Hofmannproved this in adetailled study, in which he showed that all hydrogens of ammonia, and even of the ammonia radical, could be replaced by organic groups to give primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, and quaternary ammonium compounds. In the course of this work, he also cleared up the relation between ammonia and the ammonium radical which had long troubles chemists. The investigation was carried out in 1850, at a time when the type theory was foremost in theminds of organic chemists. It was therefore natural that Hofmann should formulate his nes compounds as representative of the ""ammonia type"". The formulas which he wrote, however scarcely differ from those used today. These clear examples helped Frankland in developing his theory of variable valence.""(Klickstein p. 364). Klickstein's selection is taken form the offered item pp. 392-397.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44307

‎VAN'T HOFF, J.H. (HOFF VAN'T).‎

‎Vorlesungen über theoretische und physikalische Chemie. 1.-3. Heft. (1. Die chemische Dynamik. 2. Die chemische Statik. 3. Beziehungen zwischen Eigenschaften und Zusammensetzung).‎

‎Braunschweig, Vieweg und Sohn, 1898-1900. Contemp. hcloth. Gilt lettering to spine. A small stamp on halftitle and first page. XI,252X,148"X,136 pp., textillustrations. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎First edition of Van't Hoff's - the founder of stereochemistry - importent ""Vorlesungen"". He was the first to receive the Nobel Prize in chemistry (1901) for his work on chemical solutions.""Chemistry is idepted to van't Hoff for his funamental contributions to the unification of chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, and physical measurements. He was instrumental in founding physical chemistry as an independent discipline.""(DSB XIII, p. 580).‎

书商的参考编号 : 44325

‎"HOMBERG, (WILHELM, GUILLAUME). - THE FIRST DETERMINATION OF EQUIVALENT WEIGHTS IN CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Observation sur la quantite exacte des sels volatiles Acides contenus dans les differens esprites acides. (+) Observations sur la quantité D'Acides absorbe's par les Alcalis terreux. (2 Memoirs).‎

‎(Paris, Jean Boudot, 1702 a. 1703). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences"". Année 1699 a. Année 1700. Pp. 44-51 and 1 textillustration. (depicting his + pp. 64-71.‎

‎First appearance of the 2 papers which represents Homberg's main works. In these papers he shows for the first time how to determine equal weights of substances, that all acids differ only in water content, and that dry acids combines in equal proportions with alkali. In the first paper he also gives the Pygnometer Bottle its modern form.""Probably his most importent work was on the strenght of acids and the quantity required to neutralize a given quantity of alkali (two papers published in 1699 and 1700) - the papers offered - Homberg recognized that different alkalis neutralized the same acid in different proportion but believed that the relative strenghts of two acids could be determined by using the same alkali in each case. he treated the the question of neutralization (or dissolvability, as he called it) in quite quantitative fashion, showing that if an alkaline salt were treated with an acid, the gain of weight ofthe salt wasan indication of the amount of acid absorbed....Homberg nevertheless understood the fundamentals of the process and thereby laid the foundation for an understanding the nature of salts.""(DSB VI, p. 478).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1700 C.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44405

‎NERNST, WALTHER.‎

‎Theoretische Chemie vom Standpunkte der Avogadro'schen Regel und der Thermodynamik. Mit 26 Holzschnitten.‎

‎Stuttgart, Ferdinand Enke, 1893. Contemp. hcalf. Wear to joints and spine ends. Part of leather at upper compartment gone. XIV,589 pp. a. textillustrations. Internally fine and clean.‎

‎First edition of this importent textbook, written from 1891 when he became professor of physical chemistry at Göttingen. The work made full use of the thermodynamic notions of men like Ostwald. In 1906 Nernst announced his discovery, usually referred to as the thid law of thermodynamics. - He received the Nobel Prize in 1920 in chemistry. - Duveen p. 427. - DSB XV, p. 434-35.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44471

‎"FONTANA, (FELICE).‎

‎Experiments and Observations on the inflammable Air breathed by various Animals. Read March 11, 1779.‎

‎(London, J. Nichols, 1779). 4to. Extract from ""Philosophical Transactions, of the Royal Society of London."" Vol. 69, Year 1779 - Part II. Pp. 337-361.‎

‎First appearance of the paper by the renowned Italian physiologist, in which Fontana confirmed Scheele's experiment showing that the inflammable air was respirable. In the paper he also discusses the discoveries of Priestly, Cavendish and Scheele.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44512

‎"DUMAS, JEAN BAPTISTE-ANDRE & PIERRE PELLETIER. - TOWARDS A CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.‎

‎Recherches sur la Composition élémentaire et sur quelques propriétes caractéristiques des bases salifiables organiques.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1823). Without wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, par Gay-Lussac et Arago"", tome 24, Sec. Series, Cahier 2. Pp. 163-191. (Entire issue offered pp. 113-223.‎

‎First appearance of Dumas and Pelletier's importent paper in which they analyzed nine alkaloids by combustion and found for the first time the number of atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen in them. Dumas' name is still associated with the two procedures which he devised here, the determination of vapor density and combustion analysis.""The most important problem with which Dumas was concerned throughout his career was the classification of chemical substances. He sought to devise comprehensive classificatory schemes for organic compounds and for the elements. Dumas’s earliest contribution to organic chemistry was his study of nine alkaloids, published in 1823, jointly with Pierre Pelletier.1 He analyzed the elemental constituents of these organic “bases” and attempted to prove that their relative proportions of oxygen followed Dalton’s law of multiple proportions. He had embraced the ideas of the two reigning theories in contemporary chemistry: dualism, with its division of substances into electronegative (acid) and electropositive (alkaline)"" and atomism, which Dalton had used to explain his law. Dumas spent the next few years attempting to create an adequate system of classification of organic compounds based upon these two theories.""(DSB).‎

书商的参考编号 : 44741

‎"MARGGRAF, ANDREAS SIGISMUND. - EXAMINING THE ""PHILOSOPHER'S STONE""‎

‎Examen des Parties qui constituent cette Espece de Pierres, qui, après avoir été calcinées par les moyen ds Charbons, acquierent la Propritté de devenir lumineuses, quand on les expose à la Lumiere"" avec L'Exposé de la Composition artificielle des Pie...‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1752). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Memoires de L'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres"" tome VI (1750), pp.144-162.‎

‎First printing of Marggraf's importent investigation of the so-called ""Bologna-Stone"" in which he found that its base is different from lime, it is heavier and more soluble. In this memoir he anticipated Lavoisier’s conclusions by identifying the constituents of gypsum as water,lime, and vitriolic acid.Bologna stone, any of the dense, silvery white stones first found (1603) on Mount Paderno, near Bologna, by an Italian cobbler-alchemist, Vicenzo Cascariolo, who synthesized from them a luminescent material that glowed at night after being exposed by day to the Sun. Originally thought to be the philosopher’s stone that was believed capable of transmuting base metals into gold, Bologna stone ultimately was shown to be the mineral barite, barium sulfate.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44743

‎"DRAPER, JOHN W. - THE ""TITHONIC RAYS"" AS THE FOURTH IMPONDERABLE AGENT.‎

‎On the Decomposition of Carbonic Acid Gas and the Alkaline Carbonates, by the Light of the Sun"" and on the Tithonotype.‎

‎(London, 1843). No wrappers In: ""The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"", Third Series, September issue 1843. Pp. 161-240 (entire issue offered). Draperspaper: pp. 161-176.‎

‎The paper appeared the same year in ""Proceedings Am. Phil. Soc."" and it is an importent paper on the chemical action of light, the new science of photochemistry in which Draper made pioneering work, showing that it is only certain light rays of a definite wavelenght that is absorped, and it is this absorption that produces the photochemical effect.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44759

‎HESS, (GERMAIN HENRY). - HESS' S THERMODYNAMICAL LAWS.‎

‎Recherches thermo-chimique (Extrait du Bulletin scientifique publié par l'Academie imperiale des Sciences de Saint-petersbourg, tome VII) (+) Recherches thermochimiques" (Suite du Mémoire imprimé dans les Annales...tome LXXV). (+) Recherches thermoch...‎

‎Paris, Fortin, Masson et Cie, 1840 a. 1842. No wrappers. In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 2me Series - Tome 75 a. 3e Series - Tome 4.. With titlepage to Tome 75 and orig. printed wrappers to the issue (Septembre issue). Pp. 1-112 a. 1 engraved plate (entire issue offered). With titlepage to Tome 4. Pp. 129-256 (entire Fevrier issue) and pp. 257-384 (entire Mars issue). Hess' papers: pp. 80-103 (tome 75), pp. 211-229 (tome 4), pp. 290-316 (tome 4).‎

‎First appearance in France of Hess' two fundamental laws in thermodynamic 1: ""the law of heat formation"" (1840), anticipating a specific example of the ""LAW OF THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY"", 2 years before Julius Robert Mayer elucidated the more general principle in 1842 - claiming that ""the heat developed in chemical change is constant, whether the change occurs directly or indirectly in several stages""and 2: ""the law of thermoneutrality"" (1842), stating, that when neutral salts exchange acids and bases in solution, the heat of the reaction is zero. - These papers were published at the same time in France and in Russia. Germain Henri Hess is noted today for two fundamental principles of thermochemistry: the law of constant summation of heat (known simply as Hess's law) and the law of thermoneutrality. These discoveries were remarkable in that they were postulated without any supporting theoretical framework and took place in a field of study almost totally neglected by his contemporaries. Hess's law is of immense practical importance and is used to this day to determine heats of reaction when their direct measurements are difficult or impossible. (Chemistry Encyclopedia).""Numerous men, notably Lavoisier and Laplace had measured the heats evolved in various reactions, but thermochemistry received its first importent advance at the hands ofgermain Henri Hess, who showed that the heat evolved in a reaction is the same regardless of whether the reaction is carried out directly or in a number of steps. This generalization, known now as ""Hess's Law"", makes possible the calculation of heats for many reactions where direct measurement are impracticable.""(Leicester & Klickstein, A Source Book..., p329.""The thermochemical work of Hess was continued extensively in the second half of the nineteenth century through the studies of Thomsen and Berthelot. Both Berthelot’s principle of maximum work and the thermodynamic theories of affinity which came to prevail were clearly foreshadowed in the work of Hess. In addition to his internationally known research in thermochemistry, Hess was very influential in the development of chemistry in Russia. His text Osnovania chistoy khimii (Fundamentals of Pure Chemistry) went through seven editions and did much to establish the chemical nomenclature of the Russian language. He was always interested in technological questions, and many of his students later contributed to Russia’s industrial development."" (DSB).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1840 C. - Leicester & Klickstein, A Source Book, p 329.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44787

‎"MENDELÉEV (MENDELEJEFF, MENDELEYEV, MENDELÉEFF), DIMITRY IVANOVICH.‎

‎Ueber die Verbindungen des Alkohols mit Wasser. Im Auszuge aus d. russischen Originalarbeit von Victor Richter. (On the Compounds of Alcohol with Water). (2 Theile).‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1869. Conemp. hcalf. 5 raised bands, gilt spine and gilt lettering to spine. A few scratches to spine. Small stamp on verso of first -and general- titlepage and small stamps to verso of plates. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Fünfte Reihe Bd. 18 (138. Bd. der Reihe). X,652 pp. a. 6 folded plates (The entire volume offered). Mendeléev's paper: pp. 103-141 a. pp. 230-279. Clean and fine.‎

‎First German edition of Mendeléev's doctoral dissertation ""O soedineni spirta s vodoyu"" from 1865. ""In it he first developed the characteristic view that solutions are chemical compounds and that dissolving one substance into another is not to be distinguished from other forms of chemical combination. In this thesis, he also adhered to the principles of chemical atomism.""(DSB). - This work contributed to the birth of a popular legend, which claims that Mendeleev invented the standard for Russian vodka, saying it should contain 40% of alcohol by volume. Mendeléev is credited as being the creator of the first version of the periodic table of elements. Using the table, he predicted the properties of elements yet to be discovered.The volume contains other notable papers by Kohlrausch, Fizeau, Zöllner etc. and Julius Thomsen's ""Thermochemische Untersuchungen""‎

书商的参考编号 : 44839

‎"KOSSEL, W. (WALTHER).- THE FOUNDATION OF THE THEORIES OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE.‎

‎Über Molekülbildung als Frage des Atombaus.‎

‎(Leipzig, Ambrosius Barth, 1916). Without wrappers in ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Bd. 49, No.3, pp. 229-377 (entire issue offered). Kossel's paper: pp. 229-362, textillustrations. Clean and fine. Punched in inner margins after cords.‎

‎First printing of this highly importent paper on the MOLECULE FORMATION AS A QUESTION OF ATOMIC STRUCTURE, introducing 'Polar Bonds'. - Kossel was awarded the Nobel Prize in Mdicine (!) in 1910.""The first successfull application of the new electron theory of atomic structure was made by Kossel, who explained the nature of inorganic, polar bonds. A similar explanation was offered by G.N. Lewis at about the same time, and he extended and theory to non polar bonds, or covalent links, as they came to be called. Langmuir further developed this aspect of the theory. The work of Kossel, Lewis and Langmuir...laid the foundations for all later theories of molecular structure."" (Leicester ""A Source Book in Chemistry 1900-1950"", pp. 94 ff. with selections from the offered paper).‎

书商的参考编号 : 44864

‎"WÖHLER, FRIEDRICH. - THE BEGINNING OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Sur la Formation artificielle de l'Urée.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1828). 8vo. Without wrappers. Extract from 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Series 2 - Volume 37. Pp. 330-334.‎

‎First appearance in French of this milestone paper, marking the beginnings of organic chemistry, in which Wöhler describes how he managed to synthezise urea from cyanate of ammonia. The French version here is translated from the German paper ""Ueber künstliche Bildung des Harnstoffs."", which was issued the same year (1828). This broke down the old distinction between organic and inorganic substances. ""This was the first synthesis of an organic compound, and this accomplishment is generally regarded as the beginning of organic chemistry.""(Sparrow ""Milestones of Science"", p.37). The discovery destroyed the vitalistic theory which held that organic compounds could be produced only by living organisms, and led eventually to the brilliant results that have been achieved in attempts to synthesize other organic compounds.Dibner: Heralds of Science, no. 45. - Sparrow: Milestones of Science, no. 197. - Garrison & Morton, no. 671. See also DSB XIV p.475.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44898

‎"DAGUERRE, LOUIS J.M. - (ARAGO, FRANCOIS). - THE FIRST DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCTION OF DAGUERREOTYPES.‎

‎Le Daguerréotype.(Analyse de la communication faite à l'Academie par M. Arago).‎

‎Paris, Crochard et Comp., 1839. Orig. printed yellow wrappers (no backstrip). In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', 2e series, Volume 71, Juillet- issue, pp. 225-352 (entire July-issue offered with orig. wrappers and titlepage to vol. 71). Arago's paper: pp. 313-340.‎

‎First printing of probably the first (the Juillet issue of Annales) official announcement of Daguerre's invention of the photographic process. The paper offered here preceeded the official report in Comptes Rendues which was published at the end of 1839 (in the July-December issue). The first report of on the discovery was presented to the Royal Academy on January 7, 1839 and delivered in full on August 19, 1839 (and printed in the July-Dec. issue of Comptes Rendues). The paper also preceeded Daguerre's own publication of 1839 ""Historique et description du daguerréotypie...""In 1839 Arago took a personal interest in announcing and popularizing the inventions of Niepce and Daguerre, who were awarded government pensions as a result of Arago’s recognition of their inventions’ potential significance.""In 1829 Daguerre went into partnership with Niepce, who had managed to produce images by the action of light some three years earlier but had failed to make the process really practical. Daguerre carried on and began to use copper plates on which silver salts were deposited. ight was made to focus upon that and an image was formed. The light portions of the image darkened the salts, while the shadowy portions left them unaffected. The unchanged salt was dissolved away by sodium thiosulfate (a process that had been suggested by John Herschel and a permanent image of sorts was left behind.""(Asimov).Together with JEAN CHARLES PELTIER ""Mémoire sur la Formation des Tables des Rapports qu'il y entre la Force d'un Courant électrique et la Déviation des aiguilles des multiplicateurs"" suivi de Recherches sur la Causes de Pertubation des couples thermo-électriques..."", pp. 225-313.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44903

‎"CHAULNES, DUC de. (LOUIS JOSEPH d'ALBERT D'AILLY).‎

‎Mémoire et Expériences sur L'Air Fixe qui se dégage de la Biere en fermentation. (+) Addition...Experiences qui paroissent démontrer que l'air fixe, & l'acide marin volatil, n'ont aucunes qualités communes, & que cet acide marin volatil, a toute...‎

‎(Paris, Moutard, Panckoucke, 1780). 4to. Extract from ""Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans"", Tome IX. Pp. 521-550 + pp. 551-562. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of Chaulne's memoir on carbon dioxyde to which Cavendish referred ""The Duc de Chaulnes, in a paper communicated in December 1775, described experiments on fixed air made 1771-73, including its acid reaction and the formation of a crystaline salt (potassium bicarbonate) by the action of fixed air on solutions of potassium carbonate and hydroxide."" (Partington III, p. 317).‎

书商的参考编号 : 44933

‎"LAVOISIER, (ANTOINE-LAURENT). - EMBODYING LAVOISIER'S QUANTITATIVE METHOD, HIS FIRST PAPER.‎

‎Analyse du Gypse. (1765).‎

‎Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1768. 4to. Extract from ""Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans"", Tome V. With tittlepage to vol. 5. Pp. 341-357. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of Lavoisier's FIRST PUBLISHED CHEMICAL PAPER introducing quantitative methods in chemistry, and in which he for the first time brought a hydrometer in use to measure the specific gravities of components of a chemical solutions. Lavoisier defended the originality of his approach in the following words: ""It is to the art of combination that the knowledge of the specific gravities of fluids can bring most light. This aspect of chemistry is much less advanced than we thought, we possess barely the rudiments of it."" ""This first paper, which in so many respects embodies the quantitative methods Lavoisier was to employ in his later work, had in fact been largely anticipated by others, notably by Marggraf, who had already discovered the composition of gypsum and shown that it contained water (phlegm). Yet Lavoisier’s work was more through" and his paper, his first contribution to the Academy of Sciences (read to the Academy on 25 February 1765), appeared in 1768. (The paper offered). - Lavoisier’s earliest chemical investigation, his study of gypsum, was mineralogical in character" begun in the autumn of 1764, it was intended as the first paper in a series devoted to the analysis of mineral substances. This systematic inventory was to be carried out, not by the method of J. H. Pott ""who exposed minerals to the action of fire"" but by reactions in solution, by the ""wet way."" ""I have tried to copy nature,"" Lavoisier wrote. ""Water, this almost universal solvent ""is the cheif agent she employs"" it is also the one I have adopted in my work."" Using a hydrometer, he determined with the care the solubility of different samples of gypsum (samples of selenite, or lapis specularis, some supplied by Guettard and Rouelle). He made similar measurements with calcined gypsum(plaster of paris). Analysis convinced him that this gypsum was a neutral salt, a compound of vitriolic (sulfuric) acid and a calcareous or chalky base. Not content with having shown by analysis the composition of the gypsum, Lavoisier completed his proof by a synthesis following, as he said, the way that nature had formed the gypsum. He further demonstrated that gypsum, when transformed by strong heating into plaster of Paris, gives off a vapor, which he showed to be pure water, making up about a quarter of the weight of gypsum. Conversely, when plaster of Paris is mixed with water and turns into a solid mass, it avidly combines with water. Using the expression first coined by Rouelle, he called this the ""water of crystallization."" (DSB).Partington III, pp. 378-79. -‎

书商的参考编号 : 44940

‎"FREMY, EDMOND.‎

‎Modifications que la Chaleur fait éprouver aux Acides Tartrique et Paratartrique.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1838). No wrappers in ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 2. Series, Tome 68, Cahier 4 (entire issue offered). Pp. 353-446. Fremy's paper: pp. 353-387.‎

‎""Frémy’s first project was to continue Pelouze’s studies of iron oxides, and he expanded them to include oxides of chromium, tin, and antimony that form salts with alkalies in the same way as manganese. In 1835 he published a memoir in the Annales de chimie on the splitting of fats by sulfuric acid, a process that was adopted by French industry. From then on, Frémy pursued scientific investigations as professor and industrial work as consultant (later as administrator of the Compagnie de Saint-Gobin). He proposed improvements in the chamber process for making sulfuric acid (low temperature and ample air and water), and he introduced the residue from burning pyrites as the raw material for iron production. From research on the setting of hydraulic cement, Frémy proceeded to the synthesis of rubies by heating alumina with potassium chromate and barium fluoride.""(DSB).‎

书商的参考编号 : 45000

‎"BUCQUET, (JEAN BAPTISTE MICHEL).‎

‎Premier Mémoire sur plusieurs Combinaisons salines de L'Arsenic. (Presenté en 1772).‎

‎(Paris, Moutard, Panckoucke, 1780). 4to. Extract from ""Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans"", Tome IX. Pp. 643-672.‎

‎""In a memoir on arsenic (the paper offered) he described the preparation of crystalline arsenic acid (nitre d'arsenic) from a solution made by boiling arsenious oxide with nitric acid, and showed that it formed with potash the same salt (potassium arsenate) as Macquer had obtained by heating arsenious oxide with nitre.""(Partington III, p. 103).‎

书商的参考编号 : 45005

‎"GERHARDT, CHARLES. - THE FORMATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.‎

‎Recherches chimiques sur l'Hellénine. (+) Sur la Constitution des Sels organiques à Acides complexes, et leurs Rapports avec les Sels ammoniacaux. (2 Papers).‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1839) No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 72, Cahier 2. Pp. 113-224 (the entire issue offered). Gerhardt's papers: pp. 163-183 and pp. 184-215.‎

‎First printing of two importent papers, the first paper is Gerhardt's first work, having the same subject as his doctoral theisis, 1840. The second paperis a classic study in organic chemistry in which Gerhardt breaks with the conceptions of dualism and pre-existing radicals, and sets forth his ""Theory of Residues"". ""A new aspect was given to the substitution-type theory by Gerhardt, who explained the formation of organic compounds as due to ""pairing"" or ""copulation"" of residues.""(Findlay ""A Hundred years of Chemistry"" p. 30 ff).‎

书商的参考编号 : 45007

‎"GERHARDT, CHARLES. - THE ""LADDER OF COMBUSTION"" AND ""HOMOLOGOUS SERIES"".‎

‎Considerations sur les équivalents de quelques corps simples et composés. (2 Parts). + Recherches sur la salicine.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson et Cie, 1843. No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 3e Series, tome 7, Fevrier- issue and tome 8 Juin-issue. Entire issues offered. Pp. 129-256 and pp. 129-256. Cerhardt's papers: pp. 129-143 a. pp. 238-245. The salicine-paper: pp. 215-229 (tome 7). With halftitlepages to vol. 7 and 8.‎

‎First appearance of Gerhardt's first papers on the new concept of ""homology"", perhaps his most notable contribution to organic chemistry.""Gerhardt’s most conspicuous contribution to the developemfent of organic chemistry was his homologous series. His earliest publications were characterized by attempts to arrange organic compounds in series of increasing complexity: his ""ladder of combustion,"" rising from water and carbon dioxide at the foot to albumin and fibrin at the summit, was analogue of the biologists’ ladder of nature, another biological analogy was to underlie the application of his homologous series when they were refined in 1843: Gerhardt presupposed a principle of plenitude in organic chemistry which dictated that hitherto undocumented members of any series must exist. In addition, the concept of homology itself was of biological origin, deriving from Cuvier. For Gerhardt, however, it did not carry that structural connotation which it had for Cuvier. On this subject Gerhardt, simply asserted: ""We call substances homologues when they exhibit the same chemical properties and when there are analogies in the relative proportions of their elements."" (DSB).‎

书商的参考编号 : 45009

‎"WURTZ, ADOLPHE‎

‎Sur la Constitution de l'acide hypophosphoreux.‎

‎Paris, Fortin, Masson et Cie, 1843. No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 3e Series, tome 7, Janvier-issue. (Entire issue offered). With titlepage to volume 7. Pp. 1-128. Wurtz's paper: pp. 35-50.‎

‎First printing of one of Wurtz's earliest, and among the most importent, papers. At Giessen, Wurtz began his research with a study of hypophosphorous acid in an attempt to decide between the conflicting formulas of Dulong and Rose.‎

书商的参考编号 : 45014

‎"LIEBIG, JUSTUS - HIS ETHER-THEORY.‎

‎Mémoire sur la Constitution de l'Ether et de ses Combinaisons.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1833. No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 2e Series, Tome 55, Cahier 2. Pp. 113-224 a. 1 folded plate. (Entire issue offered). Liebig's paper: pp. 113-156. Titlepage to volume 55.‎

‎First printing of Liebig's importent paper in which he expounds his Ether-theory.""Shortly afterward Liebig discovered an important new compound which he thought revealed another fatal flaw in Dumas’s theory. Since 1831, when Dobereiner had sent him an “ether-like” fluid obtained from the oxidation of alcohol, Liebig had tried several times to identify the resultant compounds. Dobereiner maintained that the fluid contained an ""oxygen ether."" In 1833 Liebig found two distinct compounds present. One of them, Dobereiner’s oxygen ether, he examined more thoroughly and renamed acetal.""‎

书商的参考编号 : 45028