‎Physique‎

‎"JOULE, JAMES PRESCOTT.‎

‎Introductory Research on the Induction of Magnetism by Electrical Currents. Received June 21, - Read June 21, 1855.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1856). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1856 - Vol. 146 - Part I. Pp. 287-295. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of a paper in which Joule measures connections between electrical currents and different kinds of magnets.Joule is well known for his discovery of Joule's Law, the connection between heat and mechanical work, where heat is a form of energy. ""In December of 1840 he presented a paper to the Royal Society on the production of heat by the electric current. His course of thought led him to the consideration of the relatio between heat and and mechanical work. The results of his investigations were embodied in a series of papers which culminated in his great memoir on the mechanical equivalent of heat, published in 1850. Joule was one of the founders of the principle of the cosservation of energy. Some of his work was done in collaboration with Lord Kelvin.""(Source Book in Physics p. 203).‎

书商的参考编号 : 42337

‎"JOULE, JAMES PRESCOTT.‎

‎New Determination of the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat. Received November 15, 1877, - Read January 24, 1878.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1879). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1878 - Vol. 169 - Part II. Pp. 365-383 and 1 lithographed plate. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of an importent paper, having the same title as his famous paper from 1845, in which he discusses problems relating to his discovery of the first law of thermo-dynamics and the principle of the conservation of energy.""In December of 1840 he presented a paper to the Royal Society on the production of heat by the electric current. His course of thought led him to the consideration of the relatio between heat and and mechanical work. The results of his investigations were embodied in a series of papers which culminated in his great memoir on the mechanical equivalent of heat, published in 1850. Joule was one of the founders of the principle of the cosservation of energy. Some of his work was done in collaboration with Lord Kelvin.""(Source Book in Physics p. 203).‎

书商的参考编号 : 42340

‎"JOULE, JAMES PRESCOTT.‎

‎Of the Thermal Effects of Compressing Fluids. Received October 9, - Read November 25, 1858.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1859). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1859 - Vol. 149 - Part I. Pp. 133-136. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this paper in which further thermodynamical connections are published.Joule is well known for his discovery of Joule's Law, the connection between heat and mechanical work, where heat is a form of energy. ""In December of 1840 he presented a paper to the Royal Society on the production of heat by the electric current. His course of thought led him to the consideration of the relatio between heat and and mechanical work. The results of his investigations were embodied in a series of papers which culminated in his great memoir on the mechanical equivalent of heat, published in 1850. Joule was one of the founders of the principle of the cosservation of energy. Some of his work was done in collaboration with Lord Kelvin.""(Source Book in Physics p. 203).‎

书商的参考编号 : 42338

‎"JOULE, JAMES PRESCOTT.‎

‎On some Thermo-dynamic Properties of Solids. Received April 22, - Read June 10, 1858.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1859). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", Vol. 149 - Part I, pp. 91-131, 2 textillustrations. Fine and clean.‎

‎First appearance of this paper which ""contains a detailed account of experiments bearing on the thermo-eleastic relations of metals and india-rubber. Suggested by Sir William Thomson, these investigations concerns the ""heat developed by longitudinal compression and that absorbed on the application of tensile force."" (Bibliotheca Mechanica p. 178).‎

书商的参考编号 : 42258

‎"JOULE, JAMES PRESCOTT. & WILLIAM THOMSON (LORD KELVIN).‎

‎On the Air-Engine. Received May 13, - Read June 19, 1851. (+) Additional Note on the preceding Paper. By William Thomson. (Synthetical Investigation of the Duty of a Perfect Thermo-Dynamic Engine founded on the Expansions and Condensation of a Fluid, ...‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1852). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1852 - Part I. Pp. 65-82. (Thomson pp. 78-82). a. 1 engraved plate. The plate with a dampstain., otherwise clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of an importent paper in which both Joule and Lord Kelvin publish some thermo-dynamical results in connection with heat developed by air and mechanical work as further proofs of the conservation of energy.Joule is well known for his discovery of Joule's Law, the connection between heat and mechanical work, where heat is a form of energy. ""In December of 1840 he presented a paper to the Royal Society on the production of heat by the electric current. His course of thought led him to the consideration of the relatio between heat and and mechanical work. The results of his investigations were embodied in a series of papers which culminated in his great memoir on the mechanical equivalent of heat, published in 1850. Joule was one of the founders of the principle of the cosservation of energy. Some of his work was done in collaboration with Lord Kelvin.""(Source Book in Physics p. 203).‎

书商的参考编号 : 42336

‎"JOULE, JAMES PRESCOTT. - THE MECHANICAL EQUIVALENT OF HEAT.‎

‎Ueber die mechanische Wärme-Aequivalent.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1854. Conemp. hcalf. 5 raised bands, gilt spine and gilt lettering to spine. A few scratches to spine. Light wear to spine ends. A small nick to top of spine. Small stamp on verso of first -and general- titlepage and small stamps to verso of plates. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Ergänzungsband IV. VIII,632 pp. and 2 folded engraved plates. Joule's paper: pp. 601-632. Internally celan and fine.‎

‎First German edition of one of the most importent papers in 1900th century physics, and the culmination of Joule's work. The offered paper is a translation of Joule's great memoir ""On the Mechanical equivalent of Heat"", published 1850, and one of the founding papers of the principle of ""The conservation of energy"", - Joule here gave the experimental proof of the conservation law.""Joule was not the first to determine the mechanical equivalent of heat. Rumford had attempted it but had come out with a value that was far too high. Mayer produced a fairly good value before Joule did, but it was Joule who was most accurate (up to his time), who backed up his figure with a large variety of careful experimental data, and who /with Thomson's help) forced the view on the world of science. He therefore gets the credit, and in his honour a unit of work, equal to 10,000,000 ergs, is called the Joule.""(Asimov). - Dibner, Heralds of Science No.158 (the 1843 paper).Joule's first measurement of the mechanical equivalent of heat was published...in 1843. It was made by comparing the heat generated by the current of a magnetoelectric machine with the excess of work which was used in turning the machine when the circuit was closed above that used when it was open....In the following papers in which the mechanical equivalent was measured in different ways we find the same elaborate description of the experiments and a brief statement of the final results. This is particularly true of the GREAT MEMOIR OF 1850 IN WHICH JOULE'S WORK CULMINATED. (Magie ""Source Book in Physics"" p. 203).The volume contains further STOKES, G.G.: ""Ueber die Veränderung der Brechbarkeit des Lichts."" Pp. 177-345 in first German edition.‎

书商的参考编号 : 43531

‎"JULESZ, BELA.‎

‎Binocular depth perception of computer-generated images. - [INVENTION OF RANDOM-DOT STEREOGRAMS - THE ANTICIPATION OF MODERN 3D-VIEWING]‎

‎(New York), American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1960. 8vo. Volume XXXIX, September, No. 5, 1960 of ""The Bell System Technical Journal"". In the original printed blue wrappers. A small closed tear to upper spine, otherwise an excellent, very nice and clean copy. Numerous 3D-illustrations in black/white. Pp. 1125-1162. The pasted-in small envelope containing the ""Lenses for use with ""Binocular Depth Perception of Computer-Generated Patterns..."" also present, as are the lenses contained in the envelope. [Entire issue: Pp. 1125-1380].‎

‎First publication of Julesz' seminal paper on stereograms, which led directly to the 3D visualizations of pop-culture. A stereogram is a two-dimensional image creating a three-dimensional optical illusion. The invention has had profound influence in the entertainment industry with 3D posters and films as well as scientific researching"" the two Mars Exploration Rovers, launched by NASA in 2003 to explore the surface of Mars, are both equipped with cameras that allow researchers to view stereoscopic images of the surface of Mars.""Julesz (1960) constructed stereograms from a textured pattern of dots randomly positioned in a matrix of cells. The random-dot stereogram (RDS) contained no lines, contours, or edges that could supply monocular information about the shape of the target figure. In an RDS, each eye is presented with a field of randomly distributed dots that essentially disguise the disparity information it provides when the stereogram is viewed dichoptically at the proper fixation distance. [...] To construct an RDS, a random-dot pattern is reproduced so that there is a left and a right half image. A portion of the pattern in the two half-images is altered so as to carry a retinal disparity of dots."" (Hershenson, Visual space perception, 1991, p. 61).Other papers of interest contained in the present issue:1. Flanagan, J.L. Models for Approximating Basilar Membrane Displacement. Pp. 1163-1191.2. Warner, A.W.Design and Performance of Ultraprecise 2.5-mc Quartz Crystal Units. Pp. 1193-1217.3. Slepian, David. Some Further Theory of Group Codes. Pp. 1219-1252.4. Gilbert, E.N.Capacity of a Burst-Noise Channel. Pp. 1253-1265.5. Lee, C.Y. Automata and Finite Automata. Pp. 1267-1295.6. Benes, V.E. Transition Probabilities for Telephone Traffic. Pp. 1297-1320.7. Franks, L.E." Sandberg, I.W.An Alternative Approach to the Realization of Network Transfer Functions: The N-Path Filter. Pp. 1321-1350.8. Zupa, F.A. Magnetic Latching Crossbar Switches: A New Development in Magnetic Properties of Tool Steel. Pp. 1351-1374.‎

书商的参考编号 : 43347

‎"KAMPEN, N. G.‎

‎Contribution to the quantum theory of light scattering.‎

‎København, Ejnar Munksgaard, 1951. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Offprint from ""Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab"", bind, 26, nr. 15. Very fine and clean. 77 pp.‎

‎Offprint of Kampen's dissertation in which he showed how to deal with singularities in quantum mechanical scattering processes, which was an important step in the development of renormalization, according to Kramers.During his Ph.D. studies he spent a year at Niels Bohr's institute in Copenhagen, and in 1952 he graduated cum laude at the university of Leyden.‎

书商的参考编号 : 51304

‎"KAUFMANN, W.(WALTER). - THE BIRTH OF PARTICLE PHYSICS.‎

‎Die magnetische Ablenkbarkeit der Kathodestrahlen und ihre Abhängigkeit vom Entladungspotential.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1897. No wrappers. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Neue Folge"", Bd. 61, No 7. Titlepager to vol. 61. Pp. 417-640 a. 1 folded plate. (Entire issue offered). Kaufmann's paper: pp. 544-552, textillustrations. A stamp to upper corner of titlepage. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of this landmark paper in particle physics, in which Kaufmann found that the cathode are negatively charged particles, that certain properties of the cathode rays are independent of the nature of the gas that they traverse, and determining the ratio e/m. (charge/mass)""To define the 'birth of an era' is perhaps best left for parlor games. Let me write of the BIRTH OF PARTICLE PHYSICS nevertheless, define it to take place in April 1897, and appoint Kaufmann and Thomson as keepers of the gate. Their respective experimental arrangements...are of comparable quality, their experimental results equally good.""(Pais ""Inward Bound"", p. 84.).""In 1897 three physicists, Weichert, Kaufmann, and Thomson, in independent experiments, found that cathode rays are indeed negatively charged particles having the peculiar property that the ratio of the mass and the charge of these particles is in the order of 1000 times smaller than for the lightest ion, the ion of the hydrogen. The term 'electron', which had previously been used to denote the 'elementary charge' , was soon adopted as the name of the new particle. The electron was the first of the later so-called 'elementary particles' to be discovered."" (Siegmund Brandt ""The Harvest of a Century"" No. 4 (p.16 ff.).‎

书商的参考编号 : 43860

‎"KELVIN, LORD (WILLIAM THOMSON), MAGNUS MCLEAN & ALEXANDER GALT.‎

‎Electrification of Air, of Vapour of Water, and Other Gases. Received and Read, June 17, 1897.‎

‎(London, Harrison and Sons, 1898). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" Year 1897, Volume 191 - Series A. - Pp. 187-228 a. textillustrations showing experimental apparatus.‎

‎"KEMBLE, EDWIN (+) E. L. HILL.‎

‎General Principles of Quantum Mechanics. Part I + II.‎

‎(Menasha, George Banta Publishing, 1929-1930.). Royal8vo. 2 volumes both in the original orange printed wrappers. In ""Reviews of Modern Physics"", Volume 1, October, Number 2 & Volume 2, January, Number 1. Entire issues offered. Previous owner's name to top of both front wrappers. The 1929-issue with soiling to wrappers and a stain to front wrapper affecting first four leaves. Two small stains on top of wrappers on the 1930-issues. Otherwise fine. Pp. 157-215" Pp. 1-58. [Entire volumes: Pp. 157-240 " 121 pp.].‎

‎"KERST, D. W. ET AL.‎

‎Attainment of Very High Energy by Means of Intersecting Beams of Particles. - [FIRST DESCRIPTION OF AN ATOM COLLIDER]‎

‎Lancaster, American Institute of Physics, 1956. 4to. Volume 102, April 15, No. 2, 1956 of ""The Physical Review"", Second Series. Entire volume offered in the original blue wrappers with owner´s stamps to front wrapper. A very fine and clean copy. Pp. 590-1. [Entire issue: Pp. 299-592.].‎

‎"KHANG, D. & S. M. SZE.‎

‎A Floating Gate and Its Application to Memory Devices. - [THE TECHNOLOGY USED IN FLASH MEMORY CARDS]‎

‎New York, (American Telephone and Telegraph Company), 1967. 8vo. Volume XLVI, July-August, No. 6, 1967 of ""The Bell System Technical Journal"". In the original printed blue wrappers. A bit of sunning to spine, previous owner's stamp to front wrapper. Otherwise a very nice and clean, internally near mint, copy. Pp. 1288-1295. [Entire issue: Pp. 1055-1300].‎

‎"KHANG, D. & S. M. SZE.‎

‎A Floating Gate and Its Application to Memory Devices. - [THE FLOATING GATE]‎

‎(New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company), 1967. 8vo. Original full green cloth. Volume 46, 1967-2 of ""The Bell System Technical Journal"". Library stamp to free front end-paper and title-page. Minor bumping to extremities. A nice and clean copy. [Mentioned article:] Pp: 1288-1295. [Entire issue: 837-1658].‎

‎First publication of Khang and Sze's seminal and exceedingly influential paper on Floating Gate MOSFET. The technology is today used in flash memory cards. ""In 1967, Kahng and Sze reported the first floating-gate structure as a mechanism for nonvolatile information storage. Since then, floating-gate transistors have been used widely to store digital information for long periods in structures such as EPROMs, EEPROMs, and Flash memories."" (Hasler, Paul. FLOATING-GATE DEVICES, (1) p.).‎

书商的参考编号 : 43074

‎"KIRCHHOFF, G. (GUSTAV ROBERT). - KIRCHHOFF'S CIRCUIT-LAW PRESENTED.‎

‎Ueber die Bewegung der Elektricität in Leitern.‎

‎(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1857). Without wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Bd. 102, No 12. Pp. 481-644 a. 1 folded engraved plate. (Entire issue offered). Kirchhoff's paper: pp. 529-545. Clean and fine.‎

‎Firs appearance of Kirchhoff's first paper on conductivity in which he presents his Circuit-Law. The significance of this paper is that Kirchhoff proved with action at a distance that electric disturbances travel along wires of neglible resistance with the velocity of light. He accomplished this with the laws of Newtonian electrodynamics before Maxwell formulated his equations.""The theory of variable currents raised more difficult problems. The law of dynamical interactions between currents had been formulated by Ampere (1826) in the spirit of the concept of action at a distance....The field was still open when Kirchhoff entered it in 1857 with his own general theory of the motion of electricity in conductors (in the paper offered). His first paper, in which he treated linear conductors from the same premises as Weber, turned out to coincide in all essentials with an investigation carried out by Weber shortly before but delayed in publication. Both physicists noticed a remarkable implication of their theory: in a perfectly conducting circuit, oscillating currents could be propagated with a constant velocity, independent of the nature of the conductors, and numerically equal to the velocity of light. Both Weber and Kirchhoff however, pointing to the extreme character of the condition of infinite conductivity, dismissed this result as a mere accidental coincidence.""(DSB VII, p. 380-81).‎

书商的参考编号 : 43913

‎"KIRCHHOFF, G. (GUSTAV ROBERT). - FOUNDING ASTRO-PHYSICS - THE SOLAR SPECTRUM (PMM 278) - FRENCH VERSION.‎

‎Recherches sur le Spectre solaire et sur les Spectres des Corps Simples. Traduit de l'allemand, par M.L. Grandeau. (Premier-) Seconde Partie. (2 Papers).‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson et Fils, 1863 a. 1864. Boundin 2 contemp. hcalf. Gilt spines, raised bands, light wear along edges. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3e Series - Tome 68 a. 4e Series, tome 1. 512 pp. a. 5 large folded engraved plates. + 512 pp. a. 3 large folded engraved plates. Kirchhoff's papers: pp. 5-45 a. pp. 396-411. 5 plates belongs to K's papers, 4 showing spectra and 1 plate (double page) depicts the famous spectroscope invented by K. and used by K. and Bunsen in their importent analysis of the spectra of the elements.‎

‎First edition in French of Kirchhoff's milestone papers on the interpretation of the dark D lines - noticed by Fraunhofer in 1814 - in the spectrum of the sun, the papers that inspired Max Planck to his theory of quanta (1900). The papers are the French translations of his papers published in Abhandl. d. königl. Akad. d. Wissenscchaften in Berlin in 1861 and 1862.In the course of his preparatory work in the autumn of 1859, Kirchhoff made an unexpected observation. It had long been known that the dark D lines, noticed in the solar spectrum by Fraunhofer (1814), coincided with the yellow lines emitted by flames containing sodium.....Kirchhoff's unexpected discovery was that if the intensity of the solar spectrum increased above a certain limit, the dark D lines were made much darker by the interrposition of the sodium flame. He instantly felt that he had got hold of ""something fundamental"", even though he was at a loss to suggest an explanation. On the day following the surprising observation, Kirchhoff found the the correct interpretation, which wass soon confirmed by new experiments: a substance capable of emittiing a certain spectral line has a strong absorptive power for the same line....The dark D lines in the solar spectrum could accordingly be ascribed to absorption by a solar atmosphere containing sodium. Immense prospects thus opened up of ascertaining the chemical composition of the sun and other stars from the study of their optical spectra. A few more weeks sufficed for Kirchhoff to elaborate a quantitative theory of the relationship between emissive and absorptive poweer.""(DSB VII, pp. 381-82).PMM, 278 b. - Barchas, 1169-70 - Sparrow, 117 - Horbli, 59 - Dibner, 153 (the note).‎

书商的参考编号 : 44144

‎"KIRCHHOFF, G. (GUSTAV ROBERT). - KIRCHHOFF'S LAW OF THERMOCHEMISTRY ANNOUNCED.‎

‎Ueber einen Satz der mechanischen Wärmetheorie, und einige Anwendungen desselben. (+) Bemerkung über die Spannung des Wasserdampfes bei Temperaturen, die dem Eispunkte nahe sind.‎

‎(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1858). Without wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Bd. 103, No 2. Pp. 177-352 a. 1 folded engraved plate. (Entire issue offered). Kirchhoff's papers: pp. 177-206 a. pp. 206-209.‎

‎"KIRCHHOFF, G. (GUSTAV ROBERT).- THE KEY TO THE NEW WORLD OF QUANTA - INTRODUCING ""BLACK-BODY RADIATION""‎

‎Du Rapport entre le pouvoir émissif et le pouvoir absorbant des Corps pou la Chaleur et la Lumière. Traduit de l'allemand par Georges Leclanche.‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson et Fils, 1861. Without wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3e Series - Tome 62, Cahier Juin 1861. Titlepage to vol. 62. Pp. 129-256. (The entire issue offered). Kirchhoff's paper: pp. 160-192. Small stamps to verso oftitlepage.‎

‎First French edition of a milestone paper by ""The Grandfather of Quantum Theory"" in which he formulates the law named after him, ""KIRCHHOFF'S LAW"", which was the ""key to the whole thermodynamics of radiation. In the hands of Planck, Kirchhoff's successor to the Berlin chair, it proved to be the key to the new world of the quanta, well beyond Kirchhoff's conceptual horizon.""(DSB, VII, p.382).""Kirchhoff's Law of Thermal Emission was formulated in 1859 (Über das Verhältnis....) - the paper offered here in the first French version. It is at the same time the simplest and least understood law in physics. Kirchhoff's law states that given thermal equilibrium with an enclosure, the radiation inside will be always black, or normal, in a manner which is independent of the nature of the walls, or the objects they contain. This is known as the concept of universality. That is, that radiation within an enclosure can always be described by a universal function dependent only ontemperature and frequency. This universal function was first given us by Max Planck, in 1900. Kirchhoff's law STANDS AT THE HEARTH OF ALL MODERN ASTROPHYSICS. It is the basis for setting the temperature of the stars, for the gaseous model of the Sun, and for believing that we now know the temperature of the entire universe.""(Pierre-Marie Robitaille)..The research background for the paper was his unexpected observation that if the intensity of the solar spectrum increased above a certain limit, the dark D lines were made much darker by the interposition of the sodium flame. he instantly felt, that he had got hold of ""something fundamental"". Another notable, and importent paper in the development of photography, is in the same issue ALPHONSE POITEVIN ""De l'Action chimique de la Lumiere sur les Substances organiques. Son emploi à l'impression photographique.""Pp. 192-210.‎

书商的参考编号 : 44131

‎"KIRCHHOFF, G. (GUSTAV ROBERT).- THE KEY TO THE NEW WORLD OF QUANTA - INTRODUCING ""BLACK-BODY RADIATION""‎

‎Über das Verhältnis zwischen dem Emissionsvermögen und dem Absorptionsvermögen der Körper für Wärme und Licht. (On the relation between the radiating and the absorbing powers of different bodies for light and heat). (+) Über die Frauenhofer'schen Lin...‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1860. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. A few scratches to spine. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Bd. 109. X,660 pp. and 4 folded engraved plates. Kirchhoff's papers: pp. 275-301 and pp. 148-150. Internally clean and fine. Small stamps to verso of titlepage and plates.‎

‎First printing of a milestone paper by ""The Grandfather of Quantum Theory"" in which he formulates the law named after him, ""KIRCHHOFF'S LAW"", which was the ""key to the whole thermodynamics of radiation. In the hands of Planck, Kirchhoff's successor to the Berlin chair, it proved to be the key to the new world of the quanta, well beyond Kirchhoff's conceptual horizon.""(DSB, VII, p.382).""Kirchhoff's Law of Thermal Emission was formulated in 1859 (Über das Verhältnis....) - the paper offered. It is at the same time the simplest and least understood law in physics. Kirchhoff's law states that given thermal equilibrium with an enclosure, the radiation inside will be always black, or normal, in a manner which is independent of the nature of the walls, or the objects they contain. This is known as the concept of universality. That is, that radiation within an enclosure can always be described by a universal function dependent only ontemperature and frequency. This universal function was first given us by Max Planck, in 1900. Kirchhoff's law STANDS AT THE HEARTH OF ALL MODERN ASTROPHYSICS. It is the basis for setting the temperature of the stars, for the gaseous model of the Sun, and for believing that we now know the temperature of the entire universe.""(Pierre-Marie Robitaille)..The research background for the paper was his unexpected observation that if the intensity of the solar spectrum increased above a certain limit, the dark D lines were made much darker by the interposition of the sodium flame. he instantly felt, that he had got hold of ""something fundamental"". These observations are described in the second paper offered here ""Über die Frauenhofer'schen Linien..."" which was published first in 1859 in Monatsschrift der Berliner Academie.The volume contains many other importent papers in physics and chemistry, by C.F. Schönbein, Zöllner, H. Fizeau, Eisenlohr, W. Heine, Knoblauch, K.G. Neumann, W. Siemens etc.‎

书商的参考编号 : 43085

‎"KIRCHHOFF, G. et R. BUNSEN. - FOUNDING SPECTRUM ANALYSIS - DISCOVERING CESIUM - FRENCH EDITION.‎

‎Analyse chimique fondée sur les Observations du Spectre. Premier Mémoire.‎

‎(Paris, Victor Masson et Fils, 1861). Without wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3e Series - Tome 52, Cahier Aout 1861. Pp. 385-508. (Entire issue offered). Kirchhoff & Bunsen's paper: pp. 452-486 and 1 double-page folded chromolithographed plate, showing spectroscope and 8 spectra, among these the spectra of Cesium.‎

‎First apperance in French of this fundamental papers, constituting the invention of Spectrum Analysis, and announcing the discovery of a new elements, Cesium, by using the new method of spectroscopy, developed by them. This technique, made possible by their invention of the spectroscope, is called ""One of the most dashing advances of the human mind into the secrets of the composition of matter on earth and in cosmos""(Kedrow in ""Spectralanalyse"", 1961). The spectral lines proved to be a guide not only to the great world of the outer cosmos, but to the infra-tiny world within the atom. Balmer made the first steps in this direction (the Balmer-lines). The next year Kirchhoff and Bunsen published another memoir in which they announced the finding of another new element, Rubidium""The two investigators advanced, as scientifically established, the law that the bright lines in the spectrum may be taken as a sure sign of the presence of the respective metals. This conclusion was rendered doubtly sure by the discovery in the mineral water of Durkheim, through the spectrum, of two new metals. From the blue and the red lines, by which they were recognized, they were named ""Cæsium"" and ""Rubidium"". While spectrum analysis, as a terrestrial science, was due equally to Kirchhoff and Bunsen, its celestial applications belong to Kirchhoff alone.""(Cajori in ""A History of Physics in its Elementary Branches"", pp. 160 ff).In a letter to Henry Roscoe, with whom Bunsen carried out a long importent series of photochemical researches, Bunsen wrote: ""At present Kirchhoff and I are engaged in a common work which doesn't let us sleep....Kirchhoff has made a wonderful, entirely unexpected discovery in finding the cause of the dark lines in the solar spectrum, and increasing them artificially in the sun's spectrum, and inproducing them in spectra which does not have lines, and in exactly the same position as the corresponding Frauenhofer lines. Thus a means has been found to determine the composition of the sun and fixed stars with the same accuracy as we determine sulfuric acid, chlorine, etc., with our chemical reagents. Substances on the earth can be determined by this‎

书商的参考编号 : 44137

‎"KIRCHHOFF, G. und R. BUNSEN. - FOUNDING SPECTRUM ANALYSIS.‎

‎Chemische Analyse durch Spectralbeobachtungen. (Erste-) Zweite Abhandlung. (2 Papers).‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1860, 1861. 2 uniform contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. A few scratches to spine. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Bd. 110 a. Bd. 113. - IX,668 pp. a. 8 folded plates. X,660 a. 8 folded plates. Entire volumes offered. The 2 papers: pp. 161-189 a. pp. 337-381 and plates (one plate in chromolithography, spectra of different elements). Verso of titlepages and verso of plates with small stamps. Internally fine and clean.‎

‎First printing of these fundamental papers, constituting the invention of Spectrum Analysis and announcing the discovery of two new elements, Cesium and Rubidium by using the new method of spectroscopy developed by them. This technique, made possible by their invention of the spectroscope is called ""One of the most dashing advances of the human mind into the secrets of the composition of matter on earth and in cosmos""(Kedrow in ""Spectralanalyse"", 1961). The spectral lines proved to be a guide not only to the great world of the outer cosmos, but to the infra-tiny world within the atom. Balmer made the first steps in this direction (the Balmer-lines).""The two investigators advanced, as scientifically established, the law that the bright lines in the spectrum may be taken as a sure sign of the presence of the respective metals. This conclusion was rendered doubtly sure by the discovery in the mineral water of Durkheim, through the spectrum, of two new metals. From the blue and the red lines, by which they were recognized, they were named ""Cæsium"" and ""Rubidium"". While spectrum analysis, as a terrestrial science, was due equally to Kirchhoff and Bunsen, its celestial applications belong to Kirchhoff alone.""(Cajori in ""A History of Physics in its Elementary Branches"", pp. 160 ff).In a letter to Henry Roscoe, with whom Bunsen carried out a long importent series of photochemical researches, Bunsen wrote: ""At present Kirchhoff and I are engaged in a common work which doesn't let us sleep....Kirchhoff has made a wonderful, entirely unexpected discovery in finding the cause of the dark lines in the solar spectrum, and increasing them artificially in the sun's spectrum, and inproducing them in spectra which does not have lines, and in exactly the same position as the corresponding Frauenhofer lines. Thus a means has been found to determine the composition of the sun and fixed stars with the same accuracy as we determine sulfuric acid, chlorine, etc., with our chemical reagents. Substances on the earth can be determined by this method just as easely as on the sun, so that, for example, I have been able to detect lithium in twenty grams of sea water.""‎

书商的参考编号 : 43086

‎"KIRCHHOFF, GUSTAVE ROBERT.‎

‎Über das Gleichgewicht und die Bewegung einer elastischen Scheibe.‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1850. 4to. Without wrappers. From ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle"", 40. Bd., Heft 1, pp.IV,92,(2) pp. and 2 lithographed plates. Entire issue offered with titlepage. Kirchhoff's paper: pp. 51-88.‎

‎First printing of Kirchhoff's milestone paper on ""the theory of plates in which we find the first satisfactory theory of bending of plates...he established the correct mathematical expressions for the potential energy,...further he shows that are only two boundary conditions and not three, as was supposed by Poisson...The advent of this theory of plates was a very great step foreward in the theory of elasticity, and it has become especially importent lately owing to its wide application in the design of various kinds of thin-walled structures."" (Timoshenko p. 253-54).‎

书商的参考编号 : 41667

‎"KLEIN, O (+) S. ROSSELAND (+) LISE MEITNER (+) DIRK COSTER (+) ERWIN SCHRÖDINGER (+) R. LADENBURG.‎

‎Über Zusammenstösse zwischen Atomen und freien Elektronen (Klein & Rosseland) (+) Über die verschiedenen Arten des radioaktiven Zerfalls und die Möglichkeit ihrer Deutung aus der Kernstruktur (Meitner) (+) Präzisionsmessungen in der L-Serie der schwer... - [THE DISCOVERY OF COLLISIONS OF THE SECOND KIND]‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1921. 8vo. Entire volume 4 of ""Zeitschrift für Physik"" bound in contemporary black half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Library stamp to title-page and traces of paper label pasted on to lower part of spine. Minor wear to extremities. A nice and clean copy. [Klein & Rosseland:] Pp. 46-51" [Meitner:] Pp. 146-56 [Coster:] Pp. 178-88 " [Schrödinger:] Pp. 347-354. [Ladenburg:] Pp. 451-468. [Entire volume: IV, 476 pp.].‎

‎"KLEIN, O (+) Y. NISHINA.‎

‎Über die Streuung von Strahlung durch freie Elektronen nach der neuen relativistischen Quantendynamik von Dirac. - [KLEIN-NISHINA FORMULA]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1929. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering, In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Band 52, 1929. Entire issue offered. Two stamps to title page, otherwise fine. Pp. 853-68. [Entire volume: VIII, 894 pp].‎

‎"KLEIN, O (+) Y. NISHINA.‎

‎Über die Streuung von Strahlung durch freie Elektronen nach der neuen relativistischen Quantendynamik von Dirac. - [KLEIN-NISHINA FORMULA]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1929. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering, In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Band 52, 1929. Entire issue offered. Two stamps to title page, otherwise fine. Pp. 853-68. [Entire volume: VIII, 894 pp].‎

‎First appearance of the important paper which constitutes one of the first results obtained from the study of quantum electrodynamics and ""played an important role in discussions of the applicable limits of quantum mechanics to studies of cosmic rays and nuclear physics."" (DSB).""In early 1928 Nishina returned to Copenhagen and worked with Oskar Klein. As a result of their cooperation, the Klein-Nishina formula was completed in October of the same year, before Nishina's return to Japan. In 1923 the quantum (particle) nature of X rays was discovered by Arthur Compton. Nishina had once made an experimental approach to this phenomena at the Cavendish Laboratory. The relation among the increased wavelength of the scattered X rays, the energy of recoiled electrons, and the scattering angle was accounted for by the quantum nature. In 1928 Nishina and Klein calculated the cross section and intensity of the Compton scattered radiation by the use of Dirac's new relativistic quantum mechanics of electrons. They succeeded in a complicated calculation by doing this separately and checking it together. (Nishina also brought this method of calculation with a team back to Japan.)Nishina and Klein searched for the solution of Dirac's wave equation in the case of a free electron (initially at rest) in the field of a plane electromagnetic wave."" (DSB).The Klein-Nishina was one of the first results obtained from the study of quantum electrodynamics. Consideration of relativistic and quantum mechanical effects allowed the development of an accurate equation for the scattering of radiation from a target electron. Before this derivation, the electron cross section had been classically derived by the British physicist and discoverer of the electron, J.J. Thomson. However, scattering experiments showed significant deviations from the results predicted by the Thomson cross section. Further scattering experiments agreed perfectly with the predictions of the Klein-Nishina formula.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49087