‎Einstein‎

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT und W. MAYER.‎

‎Einheitliche Theorie von Gravitation und Elektricität. (Erste-) Zweite Abhandlung.‎

‎Berlin, Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1931-32. 4to. Both papers with orig. printed orange wrappers. Offprints (Sonderausgabe) ""Sitzungsberichten der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften"". 19"10 pp. Fine and clean.‎

‎First edition. - Weil: 182 and 185. With asteerix, denoting major paper.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 38732

‎"Einstein, Albert"‎

‎"Albert Einstein. Comment je vois le monde : EMein Weltbilde. Traduit de l'allemand par Maurice Solovine"‎

‎"Flammarion Doullens, impr. Sévin" "A7555 TIRAGE DE 1963 BROCHE"‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : "C3C6423EF6E8"

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: ""Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz"".‎

‎(Leipzig, Barth, 1907). 8vo. Extract from ""Annalen der Physik IV,23"", pp.206-208. Some slight browning to leaves.‎

‎First edition. Weil No. 18.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 29339

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. (i.e. The foundation of the General Theory of Relativity). - [TRANSFORMING THE SCIENTIFIC OUTLOOK OF THE 20TH CENTURY]‎

‎Leipzig, Ambrosius Barth, 1916. 8vo. Uncut in the original printed wrappers. Light discolouration to margins of wrappers. Inner hinges with professional repairs. Small stamp (exlibris?) to lower part of title-page. Previous owner's name (Erik Broekmeyer) in contemporary hand to upper outer corner of title-page. A fine copy. 64 pp.‎

‎First issue of the first edition in book form, being, not an offprint of the""Annalen der Physik"" journal issue as often stated, but a separate edition of the paper, completely re-set and with significant changes and additions, including for the first time in print the ""Einleitung"" and the ""Inhalt"".The first issue is distinguished from the later reprints by the printing of ""Sonderdruck aus dem ""Annalen der Physik"" Band 49, 1916"", and ""Druck von Metzger & Wittig in Leipzig. 314"" to the verso of the title-page and ""Metzger & Wittig, Leipzig"" to the foot of the back wrapper. Furthermore, ""This separate edition is printed on good, strong paper, the wrappers are of strong material too, and it is described now as 'the original edition' of this classic paper"" (Weil). Einstein's seminal ""General Theory of Relativity"" has had an immense impact on all science, philosophy, and man's view of the world in general. Few other books of the 20th century can be said to have so basically altered the way that we view the world and our place in it. Determining space and time as being interwoven into a single continuum known as ""space-time"" and determining that there is no absolute space-time coordinate system - i.e. that there are no absolute positions in time and pace - established the fact that events that occur at the same time for one observer could occur at different times for another, i.e. all positions in space and time are relative. This general theory of relativity, here presented in its full exposition for the first time, in book form, is now a basic foundation for scientific thought.""The theory of relativity has transformed astrophysics, and indeed the whole scientific outlook."" (PMM).""Whereas Special Relativity had brought under one set of laws the electromagnetic world of Maxwell and Newtonian mechanics as far as they applied to bodies in uniform relative motion, The General Theory did the same thing for bodies with the accelerated relative motion epitomized in the acceleration of gravity. But first it had been necessary for Einstein to develop the true nature of gravity from his principle of equivalence...Basically, he proposed that gravity was a function of matter itself and that its effects were transmitted between contiguous portions of space-time... Where matter exists, so does energy"" the greater the mass of matter involved, the greater the effect of the energy which can be transmitted. In addition, gravity affected light... exactly as it affected material particles. Thus the universe which Newton had seen, and for which he had constructed his apparently impeccable mechanical laws, was not the real universe... Einstein's paper gave not only a correct picture of the universe but also a fresh set of mechanical laws by which its details could be described"" (R.W. Clark). ""This paper was the first comprehensive overview of the final version of Einstein's general theory of relativity after several expositions of preliminary versions and latest revisions of the theory in November 1915. It includes a self-contained exposition of the elements of the tensor calculus that are needed for the theory. (T. Sauer in Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics). PMM: 408. Horblit 26 c. Weil 80.Boni: 78,1 Schilpp-Schields: 86.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 60254

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Die Kompatibilität der Feldgleichungen in der einheitlichen Feldtheorie.‎

‎Berlin, Gruyter & Co., 1930. 4to. Orig. printed orange wrappers. Offprint/Sonderausgabe aus Sitzungsberichten...pp. (1)-8. Fine fresh copy.‎

‎First edition in the scarce Offprint with its separate printed title and separate pagination. See Weil No. 169, where this is not mentioned.The early Offprints from ""Sitzungsberichten..."" are called ""Sonderabdruck"" up to Weil No.165 (including this). From Weil 166 they are called ""Sonderausgabe..."". - Before 161 (up to 160) the Offprints do not have separate title and pagination (the pagination follows the numbering in the periodical). From 166 the Offprint has both separate printed title and pagination. - ( So Weil Nos 161-165 is still ""Abdruck"", but with separate title and pagination). These facts are not mentioned in the bibliographies.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 28367

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Eine neue elektrostatische Methode zur Messung kleiner Elektricitätsmengen.‎

‎Leipzig, Hirzel, 1908. 4to. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Corners and spine ends with light wear. ""Physikalische Zeitschrift. Herausgegeben von E. Riecke und H.Th. Simon. Neunter Jahrgang"". XIX,928 pp., textillustrations and 8 plates. Einstein paper: pp. 216-217. Internally clean and fine. The whole volume offered.‎

‎First edition. The volume contains also importent papers by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Max Planck.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 38837

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität (+) Neue Möglichkeit für eine einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität (+) Zur einheitlichen Feldtheorie (+) Einheitliche Feldtheorie und Hamiltonsches Prinzip (+) Über den ge... - [PMM 416 - A NEW THEORY OF GRAVITATION]‎

‎Berlin, Königlich Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1925-1929. 1. Einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität. Offprint: S. B. preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1925, pp.414-419. Original wrappers. Mint. (Weil 147 / Boni 155).2. Neue Möglichkeit für eine einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität. Offprint: S. B. preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1928, pp.235-245. Original wrappers. Mint. (Weil 162/ Boni 175).3. Zur einheitlichen Feldtheorie. Offprint: S. B. preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1929, pp.2-7. Original wrappers. Mint. (Weil 165/ Boni 183).4. Einheitliche Feldtheorie und Hamiltonsches Prinzip. Offprint: S. B. preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1929, pp.156-159. Original wrappers. Mint. (Weil 166/ Boni 184).5. Über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Feldtheorie. In: Festschrift Dr. A. Stodola, Zürich, Füssli, 1929, pp.126-132. Publishers full cloth. Spine slightly faded. Otherwise mint. (Weil 168 / Boni 178).All in all a very fine set.‎

‎Offprint of all four papers and first edition of the final essay, constituting Einstein's attempt toward creating a unified field theory: ""a new theory of space with a view to unification of all forms of activity that fall within the sphere of physics, giving them a common explanation"" (PMM416). The task of unifying nuclear, electromagnetic, and gravitational force is nowadays by many considered the holy grail of theoretical physics.Maxwell was the first to develop such a theory when he described the forces of electricity and magnetism as the single force electromagnetism. After Einstein had completed his general theory of relativity (a field theory for gravitation), he turned his attention towards generalizing his theory even further to include Maxwell's theory. Even though Einstein never succeeded in completing this task, in the way that he finished his earlier theories, he pioneered and explored many areas of this subject. ""It had been repeatedly observed that Einstein's general theory of relativity necessitated a pluralistic explanation of the universe. In 1925 he announced that he had resolved this difficulty but the announcement was premature. In 1928 he attacked the problem once more, only to find that Riemann's conception of space, on which the general theory was based, would not permit of a common explanation of electromagnetic and gravitational phenomena. In a series of papers [the present] devoted to the development of 'A Uniform Theory of Gravitation and Electricity' he outlined a new theory of space with a view to unification of all forms of activity that fall within the sphere of physics, giving them a common explanation. All that would then remain to complete a scientific unison is the correlation of the organic and inorganic"".PMM 416Barchas 586‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 52559

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Elementare Betrachtungen über die thermische Molekularbewegung in festen Körpern.‎

‎Leipzig, Barth, 1911. Plain wrappers. In: ""Annalen der Physik"" Vierte Folge, Bd. 35, No 9. With titlepage to vol. 35. Pp. 617-816 a. 3 plates. (Entire issue offered). Einstein'spaper: pp. 679-694. Clean and fine.‎

‎First edition. In the paper ""Elementary observations concerning the thermal molecular motion in solid bodie"" he continues his earlier investigations of the specific heat of solids in which the heat agitation of solids was reduced to a monochromatic oscillation of the atom and the specific heat calculated on the basis of the quantum treatment of an oscillator put in the radiation field. Here he deals with with the discrepancies between his formula of the measurements at low temperature..."" (Cornelius Lanzos).Weil: 42. - Boni: 38.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46958

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Neue Möglichkeit für eine einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektroicität.‎

‎Berlin, Gruyter u. Co., 1928. 4to. Orig. printed orange wrappers. Offprint/Sonderabdruck aus Sitzungsberichten....pp. (1)-6. Fine fresh copy.‎

‎First edition in the rare Offprint, still called ""Abdruck"", but having separate printed title and separate pagination. See Weil: 162, where this is not mentioned.Weil No. 162.The early Offprints from ""Sitzungsberichten..."" are called ""Sonderabdruck"" up to Weil No.165 (including this). From Weil 166 they are called ""Sonderausgabe..."". - Before 161 (up to 160) the Offprints do not have separate title and pagination (the pagination follows the numbering in the periodical). From 166 the Offprint has both separate printed title and pagination. - ( So Weil Nos 161-165 is still ""Abdruck"", but with separate title and pagination). These facts are not mentioned in the bibliographies.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 28363

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Notiz zu der Arbeit von A. Friedmann ""Über die Krümmung des Raumes"".‎

‎Berlin, Vieweg u. Sohn, 1923. 8vo. Bound in contemporary full cloth. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel. 16. Band"", entire volume offered. Embossed stamp to title page. P. 228. [Entire volume: IV, [2], 409 pp].‎

‎First printing of Einstein commentary to Friedman's seminal papers in which he ""introduced into cosmology two concepts of revolutionary importance, the age og the world and the creation of the world""(Kragh, Cosmology and Controversy). Also contained in the volume are:BOTHE, W.: Eichmethoden für Emanationselektrometer (+) Über eine neue Sekundärstrahlung der Röntgenstrahlen. - First appearance of Bothe's early paper on the Compton effect which, together with his later paper (in Bd 32, Zeitschrift für Physik), awarded him the Nobel Prize in Physics ""for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith"".PAULI, JR. W. : Über die Gesetzmässigkeiten des anomalen Zeemaneffektes. LANDÉ, A.: Zur Theorie der Röntgenspektren.HEISENBERG, W. (+) M. BORN.: Die Elektronenbahnen im angeregten Heliumatom.Weil 122‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 49811

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Riemann-Geometrie mit Aufrechtehaltung des Begreiffes des Fernparallelismus.‎

‎Berlin, Gruyter & Co., 1928. 4to. Orig. printed orange wrappers. Offprint/Sonderabruck aus Sitzungsberichten...pp. (1)-7. Fine fresh copy.‎

‎First edition of the rare Offprint, still called ""Abdruck"", but now having separate pagination and separate printed title, see Weil No. 161 where this is not mentioned.The early Offprints from ""Sitzungsberichten..."" are called ""Sonderabdruck"" up to Weil No.165 (including this). From Weil 166 they are called ""Sonderausgabe..."". - Before 161 (up to 160) the Offprints do not have separate title and pagination (the pagination follows the numbering in the periodical). From 166 the Offprint has both separate printed title and pagination. - ( So Weil Nos 161-165 is still ""Abdruck"", but with separate title and pagination). These facts are not mentioned in the bibliographies.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 28361

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Sur L'Électrodynamique des Corps en Mouvement. Traduit par M. Solovine. Avec un Portrait de L'Auteur.‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars et Cie, 1925. Small8vo. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. Portrait. (4),56,(2) pp. + Publisher's Cat. (6 pp.). 2 leaves with an insignificant small loss of upper right corner. A fine copy.‎

‎First French edition of the initials papers on Special Relativity. It is a translation of the 2 Einstein-papers which appeared in 1905, ""Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper"" and ""Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig ?"". Published in the series ""Les Maitres de la Pensee scientifique"". - Weil: 9 c - Schielpp-Schields: 189. - Boni-Laurence: 9 B and 10 B.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 39308

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Zum Ehrenfest'schen Paradoxon. Bemerkung zu V. Varicaks Aufsatz.‎

‎Leipzig, Hirzel, 1911. 4to. Contemp. modest hcloth. Light wear to spine. Stamp on title. ""Physikalische Zeitschrift. Hrsg. von E. Riecke und F. krüger. Zwölfter Jahrgang."" XXIII,1256 pp Illustrated. Einstein paper pp. 509-10. The whole volume offered.‎

‎First printing of Einstein's paper on the Paradox of Ehrenfest, first presented by Paul Ehrenfest in 1909.Weil No 44.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 38845

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Zum hundertjährigen Gedenktag von Lord Kelvins Geburt.‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1924. 4to. Orig. printed wrappers. In ""Die Naturwissenschaften"", 12. Jahrg., Heft 30, pp. 601-602. The whole of Heft 30 present.‎

‎First edition. - Weil 140.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 38641

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Zum Kosmologischen problem der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie.‎

‎Berlin, Gruyter & Co., 1931. 4to. Orig. printed orange wrappers. Offprint/Sonderausgabe aus Sitzungsberichten....pp.(1)-5. Fine fresh copy.‎

‎First edition in the rare Offprint with the separate printed title and separate pagination. See Weil No. 179, where this is not mentioned.The early Offprints from ""Sitzungsberichten..."" are called ""Sonderabdruck"" up to Weil No.165 (including this). From Weil 166 they are called ""Sonderausgabe..."". - Before 161 (up to 160) the Offprints do not have separate title and pagination (the pagination follows the numbering in the periodical). From 166 the Offprint has both separate printed title and pagination. - ( So Weil Nos 161-165 is still ""Abdruck"", but with separate title and pagination). These facts are not mentioned in the bibliographies.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 28366

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie.‎

‎Berlin, Gruyter & Co., 1923. 4to. Orig. orange printed wrappers. Offprint/Sonderabdruck aus Sitzungsberichten...pp. 32-38. Fine fresh copy.‎

‎First edition in the rare Offprint, stilled called ""Abdruck"". Weil No. 131.The early Offprints from ""Sitzungsberichten..."" are called ""Sonderabdruck"" up to Weil No.165 (including this). From Weil 166 they are called ""Sonderausgabe..."". - Before 161 (up to 160) the Offprints do not have separate title and pagination (the pagination follows the numbering in the periodical). From 166 the Offprint has both separate printed title and pagination. - ( So Weil Nos 161-165 is still ""Abdruck"", but with separate title and pagination). These facts are not mentioned in the bibliographies.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 28359

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung. - [FOUNDING LASER PHYSICS.]‎

‎Leipzig, S. Hirzel, 1917. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine and 5 raised bands with ornaments in gilt. In ""Physikalische Zeitschrift"", Bd. 18, 1917. Spine and hinges with wear, otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. 121-128. [Entire volume: XI, (1), 604 pp. + 14 plates.‎

‎The paper was first published in 1916 in Mitteilungen der Physikalischen Gesellschaft in Zürich, but here for the first time in Physikalische Zeitschrift. All subsequent research on absorption and emission of radiation and the entire discovery of the maser, later the laser, was based on the research presented in the present paper. The paper is also notable for introducing the concept (but not the name) of the photon"" Einstein argues that in the interaction of matter and radiation there must be, in addition to the processes of absorption and spontaneous emission, a third process of stimulated emission. If stimulated emission exists then he can derive the Planck distribution for blackbody radiation and without it the same argument implies the invalid Wien-distribution theory.""In this paper he derived Planck's original quantum law from a different starting point, he suggested that as well as spontaneous emission and absorption, there could also take place the process of stimulated emission. In 1917 this seemed mainly of theoretical interest"" forty years later it was utilized to provide the maser and laser of modern technology. In 1916, ""Einstein came back once more to blackbody radiation and made further progress. In November 1916 he wrote to Besso: 'A splendid light has fallen on me about the absorption and emission of radiation'. His reasoning is divided into three papers, two of which appeared in 1916 and the third one early in 1917 [the two papers above - note that these are the two papers of Einstein on radiation theory cited by Weil as ""principal works"""" a third paper from 1916 is not.] In these papers, Einstein proposed a statistical theory of the interaction between atoms and photons, gave a new demonstration of Planck's radiation theory and introduced the concept of 'stimulated emission', providing the basis for the discovery of masers and lasers "" (Bertolotti, The History of the Laser).""When Einstein returned to the radiation problem in 1916, the quantum theory had undergone a major change. Niels Bohr's papers had opened a new and fertile domain for the application of quantum concepts-the explanation of atomic structure and atomic spectra. In addition Bohr's work and its generalizations by Arnold Sommerfeld and others constituted a fresh approach to the foundations of the quantum theory of matter. Einstein's new work showed the influence of these ideas . He had found still another derivation of Planck's black-body radiation law, an ""astonishingly simple and general"" one which, he thought, mightproperly be called ""the derivation"" 12 of this important law. It was based on statistical assumptions about the processes of absorption and emission of radiation and on Bohr's basic quantum hypothesis that atomic systems have a discrete set of possible stationary states. The proof turned on the requirement that absorption and emission of radiation, both spontaneous and stimulated, suffice to keep a gas of atoms in thermodynamic equilibrium. (This paper introduced the concept of stimulated emission into the quantum theory and is therefore often described as the basis of laser physics.) Einstein himself considered the most important contribution of this work to be not the new derivation of the distribution law but rather the arguments he presented for the directional character of energy quanta. (DSB) Weil No 91 (with an asterix denoting major paper).‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46895

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Über die Entwickelung unserer Anschauungen iiber das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung.‎

‎Braunschweig, Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, 1909. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Verhandlungen der Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft"", 11 Jahrgang, 1909. (Reprinted same year in ""Physikalische Zeitschrift 10""). Bound with ""Berichte der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft"", 7 Jahrgang, 1909. Capitals and hindges with wear. Internally very fine and clean. Pp. 482-500. [Entire volume: (2), 749, (3), VII, 450 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Einstein's famous lecture in which he anticipated the discovery of black-body radiation and famously stated that: ""the next phase in the development of theoretical physics will bring us a theory of light, which may be regarded as a sort of fusion of the undulatory and emission theories of light"" (The present paper, Pp. 482-3). He furthermore stated that the electromagnetic fields that constitute light will no longer appear to be states of a hypothetical medium, but rather independent entities emitted by the sources of light, exactly as in the Newtonian emission theory of light. The paper was delivered as a lecture before the 81st assembly of the 'Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher' in Salzburg on 21st September 1909.The occasion was important for Einstein since he for years had been working in scientific exile. Among those who attended Einstein's lecture were some of the world's foremost physicists such as" Max von Laue, Max Born, Arnold Sommerfeld. All published papers of their own in the present volume. Weil No. 30.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 47376

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Über die Möglichkeit einer neuen Prüfung des Relativitätsprinzips.‎

‎(Leipzig, Barth, 1907). 8vo. Extract from ""Annalen der Physik IV,23"", pp.197-198.‎

‎First edition in the periodical form. - Weil No. 17.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 41347

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Über eine Methode zur Bestimmung des Verhältnisses der transversalen und longitudinalen Masse der Elektrons:‎

‎Leipzig, J. A. Barth, 1906. Contemp. hcloth. Light wear to edges. A small tear at upper part of fronthinge. ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 21. Hrsg. von W.Wien und M. Planck"". VIII,1056 pp.and 9 plates. Einstein paper: pp. 583-86. Internally clean and fine. The whole volume offered.‎

‎First edition. Einsten describes in this paper ""Method for the determination of the ratio of the transversal to the longitudinal mass of the electron"", an apparatus which would make it possible to determine with great accuracy the law according to which the mass of the electron changes with the velocity. - Weil No 14.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 38833

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - INTRODUCING ""PROBABILITY"" IN QUANTUM PHYSICS.‎

‎Die Plancksche Theorie der Strahlung und die Theorie der spezifischen Wärme. (+) Berichtigung zu meiner Arbeit: ""Die Plancksche Theorie der Strahlung etc.""""‎

‎Berlin, J.A. Barth, 1907. 8vo. 2 issues, to both the original printed yellow wrappers. No backstrip. Wrappers loose. In: ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 22"", No. 1. and No. 4. Pp. 1-208, 1 fold. plate a. 1 portrait (P. Curie) a. pp. 609-800, 1 plate. (Entire issues offered). Einsteins paper: pp. 180-190 and p. 800. Astamp to verso of plates and a few leaves. THE PRINTED WRAPPERS LOOSE.‎

‎First printing of a major paper in Quantum Theory, introducing the first systematic introduction of probability factors in Quantum Theory.""From 1905 through 1909 Einstein published five major papers on the hypothesis of energy quanta, its theoretical implications, and its use in the explanation of various phenomena. Among these papers we have his importent paper ""Die Plancksche..."" and in his second paper from 1906d he asserted that Planck's derivation implicitly assumes quantification of the enrgies of charged oscillators. Now (in the paper offered) he returned to this question, showing that, if the structure function in phase space he had introduced earlier is assumed to restrict the oscillators to orbits with energies that are integral mulætiples of 'hv', then the average oscillator energy in a canonical ensemble yealds Planck's law, when substituted in eg. The works contains the first systematic introduction of probability factors in the mathematics of Quantum Theory."" Weil: nos 15 (1-2 with an asterix, denoting a major paper). - Boni: 15.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 47020

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - THE FIRST EXPLICIT STATEMENT OF THE ENERGY-MASS EQUATION !!‎

‎Über die vom Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie. (On the Inertia of Energy Required by the Relativity Principle).‎

‎Leibzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Title-and tomelabels with gilt lettering. Slightly rubbed. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Band 23. VIII,1000 pp. a. 4 plates. (The entire volume offered). Einstein's paper: pp.371-384. A small stamp on titlepage (Gmelin.Institut.). Internally clean and fine.‎

‎First edition of the first explicit statement of Einstein's energy-mass equation E=mc2.Nearly all descriptions of Einstein's scientific work state that the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2 was first formulated in Einstein's 1907 review paper 'Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen.' published in 'Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik' (see Weil no. 21 and Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 4 pp.323 for examples). However, in his paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie' [the offered paper] which predates the former mentioned by six months, Einstein gave a clear statement of the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2. See Lanczos: The Einstein Decade, pp.149-150 and 153 as well as Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.Einstein's first paper regarding the relation E=mc2 is his fourth 1905 paper, 'Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?'. In this short paper Einstein showed that a body releasing the energy E in the form of radiation will have its mass decreased by E/c2, and concluded that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content, e.g., that all energy has mass. The next time Einstein returns to the subject is in his 1906 paper 'Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunkts Bewegung und die Trägheit der Energie.'. Here Einstein concluded that one must either ascribe the inertial mass E/c2 to any form of energy E or else give up the fundamental law mechanics regarding conservation of the motion of the center of gravity. Then finally in the 1907 paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie.' [the offered paper] Einstein makes the decisive step of assuming that all mass has energy. On page 382 Einstein considers the total energy of a moving mass point as the sum of its kinetic energy and its rest energy. In classical mechanics it is most convenient to set the second term to zero but in relativistic mechanics one obtains the simplest expression by setting the rest energy equal to mc2. Einstein then continues to show that this stipulation cannot lead to a contradiction in any relativistic argument. In a footnote on page 382 Einstein states for the first time the equation E=mc2 and mentions that this equation is the expression of the principle of the equivalence of mass and energy - see Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.The volume contains another paper by Einstein ""Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: ""Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz"""", pp.206-208. - Weil No. 18.Collected Works, Doc. 45. Weil 19. Boni 19.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 47457

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - THE NOBEL LECTURE.‎

‎Grundgedanken und Probleme der Relativitätstheorie. (Fundamental ideas and problems of the theory of relativity). Vortrag gehalten an der Nordischen Naturforscherversammlung in Gotenburg den 11 Juli 1923. (Basic ideas and problems of the theory of rel...‎

‎Stockholm, Nordstedt & Fils, 1923. Orig. printed wrappers. Offprint from ""Les Prix Nobel en 1921-1922"". Pp. 1-10. Fine and clean.‎

‎First edition in the scarce offprint version of Einsteins Nobel lecture. The paper presents the Nobel lecture delivered in Göteborg on July 11, 1923. Because Einstein did not deliver the lecture at the same time as he received the award, it did not concern the prize topic, which was ""for his attainments in mathematical physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectrical effect.""In relation to his Nobel Prize, Einstein would have preferred to speak on unified field theory, but he followed Arrhenius proposal ""but it is certain that one would be most grateful for a lecture about your relativity theory."" On a very hot day in July, Einstein, dressed in a black redingote, addressed an audience of about two thousand in the Jubilee Hall in Göteborg on ""basic ideas and problems of the theory of relativity."" King Gustav V, who was present, had a pleasant chat with Einstein afterwards. Einstein later gave a second, more technical lecture at Chalmers Technical Institute for about fifty members of the Science Society.""(Pais, pp. 504-5).Weil: 135. - Boni: 136.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 46478

‎"FRIEDMANN, ALEXANDER (+) ALBERT EINSTEIN.‎

‎Über die Krümmung des Raumes + Über die Möglichkeit einer Welt mit konstanter negativer Krümmung des Raumes [Friedman] (+) Bemerkung zu der Arbeit von A. Friedmann ""Über die Krümmung des Raumes"" (+) Notiz zu der Arbeit von A. Friedmann ""Über die Krümm... - [THE CURVATURE OF SPACE]‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1922-24. 8vo. 4 contemporary half cloth binding: two in uniform half green cloth and two en uniform grey/blue half cloth. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 10, 11, 16 & 21. Entire volumes offered. All volumes with stamp to title page and front free end paper, otherwise a fine and clean set. [Friedmann:] Bd. 10: Pp. 377-386" Bd. 21: P.p. 326-332. [Einstein:] Bd. 11:P. 326" Bd. 16: P. 228.‎

‎First printing of these four landmark paper in which Friedman ""introduced into cosmology two concepts of revolutionary importance, the age og the world and the creation of the world"" (Kragh, Cosmology and Controversy). ""In his paper of 1922, Friedmann offered a complete analysis of the solutions of Einstein's cosmological field equations that went beyond the earlier solutions of Einstein and de Sitter as it also included nonstatic solutions. Friedmann did so clearly and explicitly: ""The purpose of this note,"" he wrote, ""is firstly to show that the cylindrical [Einstein]and spherical [de Sitter] worlds are special cases of more general assumptions, and secondly to demonstrate the possibility of a world in which the curvature of space is independent of the three spatial coordinates but does on time"".(Ibid.).In 'Über die Krümmung des Raumes' Friedman derived the non-stationary solutions to Einstein's field equations. Einstein quickly responded in a short comment ('Bemerkung'), in which he expressed his suspicion of such a model of the Universe and apparently pointed out an error in Friedman's calculations. However, Friedman now wrote a letter to Einstein, in which he enclosed his full calculations. Shortly after this, Einstein submitted a short notice (Notiz), in which he admitted that he himself had performed a calculation error and that Friedman's solutions, which shed new light on the matter, were valid. Friedman's expanding universe model was corroborated by Edwin Hubble's red-shift observations in 1929. In 'Über die Möglichkeit einer Welt mit konstanter negativer Krümmung des Raumes' Friedman derived the Friedman-equations and demonstrated that he had command of all three Friedman-models describing positive, zero and negative curvature respectively, nearly a decade before the independent discoveries of the same models by Lemaître, Robertson, and Walker. ""Friedmann made a valuable contribution to Einstein's general theory of relativity. As always, his interest was not limited simply to familiarizing himself with this new field of science but led to his own remarkable investigations. Friedmann's work on the theory of relativity dealt with one of its most difficult questions, the cosmological problem. In his paper ""Über die Krümmung des Raumes"" (1922), he outlined the fundamental ideas of his cosmology: the supposition concerning the homogeneity of the distribution of matter in space and the consequent homogence of ""world"" time for which, at any moment in time, the metrics of space will be identical at all points and in all directions. This theory is especially important because it leads to a sufficiently correct explanation of the fundamental phenomenon known as the ""red shift."" This solution of the Einstein field equations, obtained from the above propositions, is the model for any homogeneous and isotropic cosmological theory. It is interesting to note that Einstein thought that the cosmological solution to the equations of a field had to be static and had to lead to a closed model of the universe. Friedmann discarded both conditions and arrived at an independent solution. Einstein welcomed Friedmann's results because they showed the dispensability of the ad hoc cosmological term Einstein had been forced to introduce into the basic field equation of general relativity"". (DSB). Weil 122 & 130.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 49429

‎"PLANCK, MAX. - ""PLANCK'S FIRST GREAT SCIENTIFIC ACCOMPLISHMENT"" (EINSTEIN)‎

‎Ueber das Princip der Vermehrung der Entropie. Erste-Vierte Abhandlung (alles).‎

‎Leipzig, Barth, 1887-91. 8vo. No wrappers. 4 papers. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann"", Neue Folge, Bd. XXX, No. 4, XXXI, No 6, XXXII, No. 11, XLIV, No. 11. - Pp. 545-704 a. 1 plate, pp. 145-336 a. 1 plate, pp. 337-528 a. 1 plate, pp. 385-576 a. 1 plate. With titlepge to vol. XXX, htitlepage to vol. XXXI, titlepage to vol. XXXII and titlepage to vol. XLIV. Titlepages with a stamp and on verso. Planck's papers: pp. 562-582, pp. 189-203, pp. 462-503 and pp. 385-428. Clean copies.‎

‎First appearance of all 4 papers constituting Planck's seminal papers on entropy carrying the general title ""On the principles of Increase of Entropy"" in which he applied the second law of thermodynamics to chemical problems.""His goal was, as he said in the first paper of the series, to carry further the ""grand generalization"" of Helmholtz, Josiah Willard Gibbs, and others: like the first principle of the mechanical heat theory, the second, the ""Carnot-Clausius"", principle applies not only to heat phenomena but to all kinds of physical and chemical phenomena"" and because the second principle applies not only to reversible processes but also to irreversible, or ""natural"", processes, it applies to all processes whatsoever...""(Jungnickel and McCormach ""Intellectual Mastery of Nature, vol. 2, pp. 52 ff.)What Einstein admired and called Planck's ""first great scientific discovery"" was the generality of its formulas which contain all that can be derived from pure thermodynamic principles. Einstein referred to the third paper in this series with the title ""Gesetze des Eintritts beliebiger thermodynamischer und chemischer Reactionen""Akademie Nos. 8,9,10 and 20.‎

書籍販売業者の参照番号 : 48810