‎Einstein‎

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Zur allgemeinen molekularen Theorie der Wärme"‎

‎Leipzig, J.A. Barth, 1904. Contemp. hcloth, tears to hinges at upper part of spine. ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 14. Herausgegeben von Paul Drude"". VIII,1040 pp. and 3 plates. The Einstein paper: pp. 354-362. Internally clean and fine. The whole volume offered.‎

‎First edition of Einstein's fifth work. ""It was in this last of his early series of papers, before the announcement of the theory of relativity in 1905, that Einstein introduced a new theme. Einstein asked for the physical significance of the constant now known as Boltzmann's konstant 'k'.It was already well known from the theory of the ideal gas that 'k' was simply related to the gas constant 'R' and to Avogardo's number, the number of molecules in a gram-molecular weight of any substance. Einstein showed that 'k' entered into still another basic equation of the statistical theory, the expression for the mean square fluctuation of the energy about its average value. This meant that 'k' determines the thermal stability of a system...the paper contains the seeds of much of his later work...(Walter Alicke). - Weil No 5.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 38818

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - ATOMIC HEAT.‎

‎Die Plancksche Theorie der Strahlung und die Theorie der spezifischen Wärme: (Withbound:) Über die Gültigkeitsgrenze des Satzes vom thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht und über die Möglichkeit einer neuen Bestimmung der Elementarquanta" (Wirhbound:) Beric...‎

‎Berlin, J.A. Barth, 1907. Contemp. hcloth. Light wear to top of spine. ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 22"", Engraved portrait of Pierre Curie. VIII,1016 pp. and 4 plates. Einstein papers. pp. 180-190, pp. 569-572 and p.800. Internally clean and fine. The whole volume offered.‎

‎All papers in first edition. ""From 1905 through 1909 Einstein published five major papers on the hypothesis of energy quanta, its theoretical implications, and its use in the explanation of various phenomena. Among these papers we have his importent paper ""Die Plancksche..."" and in his second paper from 1906d he asserted that Planck's derivation implicitly assumes quantification of the enrgies of charged oscillators. Now (in the paper offered) he returned to this question, showing that, if the structure function in phase space he had introduced earlier is assumed to restrict the oscillators to orbits with energies that are integral mulætiples of 'hv', then the average oscillator energy in a canonical ensemble yealds Planck's law, when substituted in eg. The works contains the first systematic introduction of probability factors in the mathematics of Quantum Theory.The second paper represents Einstein's third stage in dealing with brownian motion. He had previous explained the zigzag motion of suspended particles and looked as this penomenon from a more general angle. In the present investigation he extends his reults to all macroscopic parameters by giving a general principle for the calculation of theit fluctuations. Weil: nos 15 (1-2 with an asterix) a. 16.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 38828

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT UND J. LAUB.‎

‎Bemerkungen zu unserer Arbeit: Über die elektromagnetischen Grundgleichungen für bewegte Körper.‎

‎Berlin, J.A. Barth, 1909. Orig. printed wrappers. Frontwr. eith tears, endwr. only partly preserbed. ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 28, Heft 2. (Heft 2 in 15 parts) pp.217-248. Einstein Paper: pp.. 445-47.‎

‎First edition. The authors claimed in ""Elementare Theorie der Brownschen Bewegungen"" that the boundary conditions for E, D, H, B on the boundary surface between two different media remain the same, whwther the bodies are at rest or in motion. This is in fact not tthe case. The correction is made here with the help of a method which was originally employed by H. Hertz. (Lanzos). - Weil No 26.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 38830

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Über eine Methode zur Bestimmung des Verhältnisses der transversalen und longitudinalen Masse der Elektrons:‎

‎Leipzig, J. A. Barth, 1906. Contemp. hcloth. Light wear to edges. A small tear at upper part of fronthinge. ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 21. Hrsg. von W.Wien und M. Planck"". VIII,1056 pp.and 9 plates. Einstein paper: pp. 583-86. Internally clean and fine. The whole volume offered.‎

‎First edition. Einsten describes in this paper ""Method for the determination of the ratio of the transversal to the longitudinal mass of the electron"", an apparatus which would make it possible to determine with great accuracy the law according to which the mass of the electron changes with the velocity. - Weil No 14.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 38833

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT und W.J. de HAAS - MAX PLANCK - MAX von LAUE.‎

‎Experimenteller Nachweis der Ampèreschen Molekularströme" (Withbound:) Berichtigung zu meiner Gemeinsam mit Herrn J.W. de Haas veröffentlichen Arbeit ""Experimenteller Nachweis der Ampèreschen Molekularströme"" (Withbound:) Notiz zu unserer Arbeit ""Expe...‎

‎Braunschweig, Vieweg & Sohn, 1915. Contemp. hcalf, gilt. Spine with a few scratches and light wear to spine ends. ""Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft im Jahre 1915. 17. Jahrgang. Im Auftrage der Gesellschaft herausgegeben von Karl Scheel."" VI,489 pp. textillustr. Einstein/Haas papers: pp. 152-170 a. p. 203 a. p. 420. - Planck paper: pp. 407-418 a. 418-19 a. 438-51. - Laue paper: pp. 198-202. Internally clean and fine. The whole volume offered.‎

‎All papers first edition. - In the papers by Einstein and Haas prooved the Ampere hypothesis that permanent magnetism is caused by the microscopic circular motions of electric charges. The experimental results was very close to the theoretical value and as such they gave a brilliant proof of the soundness of the hypothesis.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 38835

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Zum Quantensatz von Somerfeld und Epstein"‎

‎Braunschweig, Vieweg & Sohn, 1917. Contemp. hcalf. Spine worn and covers detached. Internally clean and fine. ""Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft im Jahre 1917. Neunzehnter Jahrgang. Herausgegeben von Karl Scheel."" V,372 pp. Einstein paper: pp. 82-92. The whole volume offered.‎

‎First edition. Containing also Max von Laue: ""Bandenspektrum und molekulare Quantendrehungen"" pp.130-38. and ""Ein Versagen der klassischen Optik: pp. 19-21. - Weil No 94.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 38838

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Beiträge zur Quantentheorie‎

‎Braunschweig, Vieweg & Sohn, 1914. Later full cloth. A stamp to the general titlepage. IX,1072"414 pp., textillustrations. ""Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft im Jahre 1914. Sechzehnter Jahrgang. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel."" Einstein paper pp. 820-828. Internally clean and fine. The whole volume offered‎

‎First edition. In this paper ""Contributions to quantum theory"" two considerations are given which are interrelated by a common goal, inasmuch as it is attempted to derive two of the most importent achievementss of quantum theory, viz. Planck's radiation law and Nernst's third law of thermodynamics, in a new manner. The proofs do not involve Boltzmann's equation and are thus based enterely on macroscopic thermodynamics. They do introduce, however, the quantum hupothesis. (Einstein points out that the alleged 'proofs' which try to derive the theorem of Nernst from the mere fact that the heat capacity of all substances goes to zero at absolute zero temterature, are not genuine). (Cornelius Lanczos).- Weil No 67.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 38840

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Über einen Satz der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung und seine Anwendung in der Strahlentheorie (Together with L. Hopf) (Withbound:) Statistische Untersuchungen der Bewegung eines Resnators in einem Strahlungsfeld (Withbound:) Theorie der Opaleszenz von ...‎

‎Leipzig, J.A. Barth, 1910. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt, a fs scratches to spine. VIII,1584 pp. and 6 plates. Einstein papers: pp. 1096: pp. 1105-1115" pp. 1275-1298. Fine and clean. The whole volume offered.‎

‎All three papers first edition. The purpose of ""A theorem in probability and its application in the Theory of radiation"" is to demonstrate that the failure of statistical mechanics with respect to the radiation law (Rayleigh - Jeans law, contradicted by experience) cannot be removed by the conjecture that perhaps the individual statistical events should not follow the usual law of independence (product of probabilities) instead of assuming a certain interdependence between them. (Lanczos). The second paper ""Statistical investigation on of the motion of an oscillator in a radiation field"", makes use of the results of the previous investigation. Einstein's aim is to demonstrate that the Rayleigh-jeans law of radiation (contracdicted by the physical facts) is an unavoidable consequence of statistics, even if we avoid any kind of assumption which may be suspected of needing correction. (Lanczos). The third paper ""Theory of the opalescence of homogenous fluids and fluid mixtures near the critical state"" is an importent investigation and one of the most difficult of all his papers to understand. The aim of the paper is to complement the work of Smoluchovski (Ann. d. Physik,25, 1908) who gave a general explanation of the strong density fluctuations - and the opalescence thus generated - of two fluids near the critical state of mixture (or a single fluid near the critical state of condensation) on the basis of the kinetic theory of heat. he did notgive, however,the quantitative details concerning the scattered light associated with this phenomenon. (Lanczos). - Weil Nos 34, 35 and 36 (with an asterix denoting major work).‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 38842

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT, MAX BORN, MAX PLANCK, K.von FRISCH.‎

‎Newtons Mechanik und ihr Einfluss auf die Gestaltung der theoretischen Physik. (Withbound Max Born:)Quantenmechanik und Statistik. (Withbound Max Planck:) Die physikalische Realität der Lichtsquanten. (Withbound Arnold Sommerfeld:) Zur Elektrontheori...‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1927. 4to. Contemp. hcloth. Spine a bit worn. ""Die Naturwissenschaften. Hrsg. von Arnold Berliner. 15. jahrgang"" XXIV,1000 pp. Einstein paper: pp. 273-276 and 1 portrait of Newton. - Born Paper: pp. 238-242. - Planck paper: 529-531. - Sommerfeld paper 825-832 - von Frisch papers: pp. 321-326 and pp. 963-968. The whole volume offered.‎

‎All papers in first edition. The Einstein paper is his contribution to the Anniversary volume of Newton's death. - Weil No 158. - Planck: Akademie No. 165 - K. v. Frisch received the Nobel Prize for his works on animal psychology and behaviour in 1975.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 38844

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - LIEBER, LILLIAN R.‎

‎The Einstein Theory of Relativity.‎

‎London, Dennis Dobson, 1949. Orig. cloth. 324 pp. Illustr. by Hugh Gray Lieber.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 38876

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunktsbewegung und die Trägheit der Energie" (Principle of the Conservation of the centre of mass motion and the inertia of energy).‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906). Bound in a fine recent hmorocco. Gilt lettering on spine. ""Annalen der Physik"", Bd. 20, Heft 8, pp. 433-640. The Einstein paper pp. 627-633.‎

‎First edition of this paper in the periodical form in which Einstein shows that the conservation of mass is a special application of his energy principle (E= Mc2) - ""Einstein considers a weightless (horizontal) cylinder filled with electromagnetic radiation and closed to the external world. A certain amount of radiating energy E moves from the left end of the cylinder to the right end, transferring a certain amount of momentum (due to radiation pressure) to the left end which translates the cylinder to the left. When the radiation arrives at the right end, the motion stops. We now imagine, that a practically massless body absorbs this radiation, moves back to the left and deposits it to its original state. Then the body moves back to right end, into its original position. Now a complete cycle has taken place, the system is back in its original state, but the center of mass has moved by a certain amount to the left. This process can be repeated any number of times with the result that a body, all by itself, without any external forces, can change its centre of mass by an arbitrary amount, in contradiction to all physical evidence. This conclusion is avoided if we assume that the energy E is associated with the mass M=E/c2 in which case the centre of mass remains permanently at rest, in agreement with our ecpectations."" Cornelius Lanczos). - Weil: 13.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 39057

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Sur L'Électrodynamique des Corps en Mouvement. Traduit par M. Solovine. Avec un Portrait de L'Auteur.‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars et Cie, 1925. Small8vo. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. Portrait. (4),56,(2) pp. + Publisher's Cat. (6 pp.). 2 leaves with an insignificant small loss of upper right corner. A fine copy.‎

‎First French edition of the initials papers on Special Relativity. It is a translation of the 2 Einstein-papers which appeared in 1905, ""Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper"" and ""Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig ?"". Published in the series ""Les Maitres de la Pensee scientifique"". - Weil: 9 c - Schielpp-Schields: 189. - Boni-Laurence: 9 B and 10 B.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 39308

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Über die Möglichkeit einer neuen Prüfung des Relativitätsprinzips.‎

‎(Leipzig, Barth, 1907). 8vo. Extract from ""Annalen der Physik IV,23"", pp.197-198.‎

‎First edition in the periodical form. - Weil No. 17.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 41347

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT (+) NIELS BOHR.‎

‎Die Ursache der Mäanderbildung der Flussläufe und des sogenannten Baerschen gesetzes (+) Vorschlag zu einem die Natur des elementaren Strahlungsemissionsprocesses betreffenden Experiment [Einstein] (+) Atomtheorie und Mechanik [Bohr].‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1926. Lex8vo. In ""Die Naturwissenschaften"", Vierzehnter Jahrgang, 1926. Entire volume offered bound in a nice contemporary half calf with five raised band and gilt lettering to spine. Minor wear to capitals, otherwise a very fine and clean copy. [Einstein:] Pp. 223-24" Pp. 300-1 [Bohr:] Pp. 1-10. [Entire volume: XXVIII, 1286, 72 pp.].‎

‎First edition of all three papers. In the first paper, Einstein explains the causes behind Baer's law: Due to the rotation of the earth erosion occurs mostly on the right banks of rivers in the Nothern Hemisphere while in the Southern Hemisphere erosion occurs primarily on the left banks. Weil Nos 150154‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 43839

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - PIONEERWORK IN GLOBULAR CLUSTER DYNAMICS‎

‎Eine einfache Anwendung des Newtonschen Gravitationsgesetzes auf die Kugelförmigen Sternhaufen. (A Simple Application of the Newtonian Law of Gravitation to Globular Star Clusters)‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1921. Lex8vo. Orig. printed wrappers. Offprint/Sonderdruck from ""Der Festschrift der Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften zu ihrem 10jährigen Jubiläum"". Pp. 50-52. A small tear to right margin (1 cm), otherwise fine and clean. At foot frontwrapper ""Nicht im Handel"".‎

‎First edition, the offprint issue, of this pioneerwork in globular cluster physics.""In his paper on M13 (Einstein 1921) concluded that the non-luminous mass contributes no higher order of magnitude to the total mass than does the luminous mass.To my knowledge this has been Einstein's only contact with globular clusters. As in other issues, his claim still holds.""(Tom Richtler).Weil:117 - Boni:123.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 46469

‎"EINSTEIN, A. - THE SINGULARITY PROBLEM - ASSOCIATION COPY.‎

‎Demonstration of the Non-Existence of Gravitational Fields with a non-vanishing total Mass free of Singularities.‎

‎Tucuman, Argentina, 1941. Royal8vo. Orig. printed wrappers. Offprint from ""Revista. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman"", Series A Matematicas y Fisica Teorica, Vol. 2, Diciembre de 1941, Nos 1 y 2. Pp. 11-15. Fine and clean. This copy has belonged to Abraham Pais (1918-2000) - the famous Einstein scholar, theoretical physicist and Einsteins collegue at Princeton - and having his name on top of the frontwrapper ""A Pais""‎

‎First edition of a scarce paper in the offprint version. The paper ""represents the basis of the one written by the same author in collaboration with Wolfgang Pauli in 1943, in which, by following analogous lines, the proof of the non-existence of regular particle-type solutions was generalized to the case of cilyndrical geometries in Kaluza-Klein theory (Einstein & Pauli, 1943). Besides, other generalizations were subsequently presented. The (non)-existence of such solutions in classical unified field theory was undoubtedly an important criterion leading Einstein's investigations.""(Galvagno and Giribet).""In his search for a unified field theory that could undercut quantum mechanics, Einstein considered five-dimensional classical Kaluza-Klein theory. He studied this theory most intensively during the years 1938-1943. One of his primary objectives was finding a non-singular particle solution. In the full theory this search got frustrated, and in the x5-independent theory Einstein, together with Pauli, argued it would be impossible to find these structures."" (Jeroen van Dongen).Weil: 208. - Boni: 243.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 46476

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - THE NOBEL LECTURE.‎

‎Grundgedanken und Probleme der Relativitätstheorie. (Fundamental ideas and problems of the theory of relativity). Vortrag gehalten an der Nordischen Naturforscherversammlung in Gotenburg den 11 Juli 1923. (Basic ideas and problems of the theory of rel...‎

‎Stockholm, Nordstedt & Fils, 1923. Orig. printed wrappers. Offprint from ""Les Prix Nobel en 1921-1922"". Pp. 1-10. Fine and clean.‎

‎First edition in the scarce offprint version of Einsteins Nobel lecture. The paper presents the Nobel lecture delivered in Göteborg on July 11, 1923. Because Einstein did not deliver the lecture at the same time as he received the award, it did not concern the prize topic, which was ""for his attainments in mathematical physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectrical effect.""In relation to his Nobel Prize, Einstein would have preferred to speak on unified field theory, but he followed Arrhenius proposal ""but it is certain that one would be most grateful for a lecture about your relativity theory."" On a very hot day in July, Einstein, dressed in a black redingote, addressed an audience of about two thousand in the Jubilee Hall in Göteborg on ""basic ideas and problems of the theory of relativity."" King Gustav V, who was present, had a pleasant chat with Einstein afterwards. Einstein later gave a second, more technical lecture at Chalmers Technical Institute for about fifty members of the Science Society.""(Pais, pp. 504-5).Weil: 135. - Boni: 136.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 46478

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Newtons Mechanik und ihr Einsfluss auf die Gestaltung der theoretischen Physik.‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1927. 4to. Orig. printed wrappers. In ""Die Naturwissenschaften"", Heft 12, Fünfzehnter Jahrg. (Seite 273-296), textillustrations. Einstein's paper pp. 273-276. With one plate (portrait of Newton). Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of Einstein's Newton-paper, which was later included in ""Mein Weltbild"" and its translation in ""In the World as I see it""- Weil: 158 - Boni: 166.The issue contaions also a first-printing by Max von Laue ""Aus Newtons Optik"", pp. 276-280, textillustr.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 46484

‎"[EINSTEIN, ALBERT].‎

‎APPENDIX FOR THE SECOND EDITION [of The Meaning of Relativity] + APPENDIX II. GENERALIZED THEORY OF GRAVITATION. - [ORIGINAL PROOF-COPY]‎

‎[1950]. 8vo. Original proof-copy (of the latest stage, presumably final proof, in the same format as the printed version and with no corrections), printed on rectos and versos. Stapled twice in left margin. A few marginal creases. A (proof-) number to upper left corner in red ink (297). Pp. 109-148 + tipped-in errata slip at p. 147.‎

‎Very rare original proof-copy of the two highly important appendices for Einstein's ""The Meaning of Relativity"", third edition, 1950, the second appendix being one of the most important pieces Einstein ever wrote, namely the appendix ""in which he described his most recent work on unification"" (Pais), and the work which was hailed by The New York Times under the heading ""New Einstein theory gives a master key to the universe"". The first appendix, which appeared for the second edition of the work, remained unchanged throughout the history of ""the Meaning of Relativity"" and was written because ""Since the first edition of this little book some advances have been made in the theory of relativity. [...] The first step forward is the conclusive demonstration of the existence of the red shift of the spectral lines by the (negative) gravitational potential of the place of origin"" [...] A second step forward, which will be mentioned briefly, concerns the law of motion of a gravitating body."" [...] A third step forward, concerning the so-called ""cosmologic problem,"" wiil be considered here in detail..."" (pp. 109-10). The present 40 pages constitute the final proof-copy of the entire appendices I and II to the Generalized Theory of Gravitation, exactly as they appeared in the third edition (Princeton in 1950). Einstein's ""The Meaning of Relativity"" was originally published in 1922, on the basis of his ""Vier Vorlesungen ueber Relativitetstheorie"" given at Princeton in 1921. A second edition, with an appendix (appendix I) appeared in 1945 (several issues and editions of this appeared also), and in 1949 the third edition, with the seminal Appendix II printed for the first time, appears (also appeared in 1950, in Princeton). In 1950 a revised edition of the third edition appears, having Appendix II slightly revised, and in 1953 the heavily revised fourth edition appears. THIS IS THE PROOF-COPY OF APPENDICES I AND II FOR THE ""THIRD EDITION, INCLUDING THE GENERALIZED THEORY OF GRAVITATION"" (PRINCETON, 1950). The main focus of the work throughout all these editions of the work since 1949 is Appendix II, which deals with Einstein's main interest, the generalization of the Gravitation Theory, which was to unite the general theory of relativity with electromagnetism, recovering an approximation for quantum theory, and presenting us with a theory to explain the universe as a unified entity, the ultimate goal for the greatest physicist that ever lived. ""This was Einstein's ultimate response to the mechanical-electromagnetic crisis in physical theory he had first talked about in the opening of his 1905 light quantum-paper."" (Nandor, in D.S.B., p. 330). It was indeed Einstein's aim to provide an explanation of the universe through his unified field theory, although he was well aware that his sort of field theory might not exist. However, even the establishing of the non-existence of it could bring us closer to an explanation than we had ever been before. There is no topic of greater importance to Einstein than his theory of unification. ""In 1949 Einstein wrote a new appendix for the third edition of his ""The Meaning of Relativity"" in which he described his most recent work on unification. It was none of his doing that a page of his manuscript appeared on the front page of ""The New York Times"" under the heading ""New Einstein theory gives a master key to the universe"". He refused to see reporters and asked Helen Dukas to relay this message to them: ""Come back and see me in twenty years""."" (Pais, p. 350).‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 46543

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT.‎

‎Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung. - [FOUNDING LASER PHYSICS.]‎

‎Leipzig, S. Hirzel, 1917. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine and 5 raised bands with ornaments in gilt. In ""Physikalische Zeitschrift"", Bd. 18, 1917. Spine and hinges with wear, otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. 121-128. [Entire volume: XI, (1), 604 pp. + 14 plates.‎

‎The paper was first published in 1916 in Mitteilungen der Physikalischen Gesellschaft in Zürich, but here for the first time in Physikalische Zeitschrift. All subsequent research on absorption and emission of radiation and the entire discovery of the maser, later the laser, was based on the research presented in the present paper. The paper is also notable for introducing the concept (but not the name) of the photon"" Einstein argues that in the interaction of matter and radiation there must be, in addition to the processes of absorption and spontaneous emission, a third process of stimulated emission. If stimulated emission exists then he can derive the Planck distribution for blackbody radiation and without it the same argument implies the invalid Wien-distribution theory.""In this paper he derived Planck's original quantum law from a different starting point, he suggested that as well as spontaneous emission and absorption, there could also take place the process of stimulated emission. In 1917 this seemed mainly of theoretical interest"" forty years later it was utilized to provide the maser and laser of modern technology. In 1916, ""Einstein came back once more to blackbody radiation and made further progress. In November 1916 he wrote to Besso: 'A splendid light has fallen on me about the absorption and emission of radiation'. His reasoning is divided into three papers, two of which appeared in 1916 and the third one early in 1917 [the two papers above - note that these are the two papers of Einstein on radiation theory cited by Weil as ""principal works"""" a third paper from 1916 is not.] In these papers, Einstein proposed a statistical theory of the interaction between atoms and photons, gave a new demonstration of Planck's radiation theory and introduced the concept of 'stimulated emission', providing the basis for the discovery of masers and lasers "" (Bertolotti, The History of the Laser).""When Einstein returned to the radiation problem in 1916, the quantum theory had undergone a major change. Niels Bohr's papers had opened a new and fertile domain for the application of quantum concepts-the explanation of atomic structure and atomic spectra. In addition Bohr's work and its generalizations by Arnold Sommerfeld and others constituted a fresh approach to the foundations of the quantum theory of matter. Einstein's new work showed the influence of these ideas . He had found still another derivation of Planck's black-body radiation law, an ""astonishingly simple and general"" one which, he thought, mightproperly be called ""the derivation"" 12 of this important law. It was based on statistical assumptions about the processes of absorption and emission of radiation and on Bohr's basic quantum hypothesis that atomic systems have a discrete set of possible stationary states. The proof turned on the requirement that absorption and emission of radiation, both spontaneous and stimulated, suffice to keep a gas of atoms in thermodynamic equilibrium. (This paper introduced the concept of stimulated emission into the quantum theory and is therefore often described as the basis of laser physics.) Einstein himself considered the most important contribution of this work to be not the new derivation of the distribution law but rather the arguments he presented for the directional character of energy quanta. (DSB) Weil No 91 (with an asterix denoting major paper).‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 46895

‎"EINSTEIN, A.‎

‎Zum gegenwärtigen Stande des Gravitationsproblems.‎

‎Leipzig, S. Hirzel, 1913. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Physikalische Zeitschrift"", Vol. 14, 1913. Entire issue offered. Binding with wear, front hinge loose. Front free end-paper and title page with library stamps. Internally fine and clean. Pp. 1249-1266. Discussion"" Pp. 1262-66. [Entire volume: XXXI, (1), 1312 pp. + LVI plates].‎

‎First printing the famous address that Einstein gave on the occasion on the 85th Congress ""Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte zu Wien"" in their meeting September 23, 1913, together with the ensuing discussion. In it he compared the development of the various theories of gravitation with the development of successive concepts of electricity.Weil No. 54.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 46938

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - THE NOBEL-PRIZE PAPER.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtsabsorption" (Eingegangen 13. März 1906). (On the Theory of Light Production and Light Absorption).‎

‎(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906). No wrappers. Extracted from ""Annalen der Physik"" Vierte Folge. Bd. 20. Pp. 199-206. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of one of the papers for which Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. It was for the papers ""Ueber einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt"" of 1905 and ""Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung...( Theory of light emission and absorption), the offered item, that Einstein received the prize: ""for his services to theoretical physics and especially for his discoveryof the law of the photoelectrical effect"" - his reward was not based on relativity.""The quantum theory has affected virtually every branch of physics. Its earliest and one of its most significant developments was Einstein's application of the theory to what is known as the 'photo-electrical effect'....Einstein explained this effext by suggesting that the classical view that light is emitted in the form of continous waves must be abandoned. The photo-electrical effect could be explained only as an example of quantum action where the waves of light or X-rays are emitted in minute particles or bullets. It is he size of the bullet (the wave-lenght of the radiation) which determines the number of electrons ejected. It was for this, and not for the theory of relativity, that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. Einstein's two fundamental papers on this subject are ""Ueber einem Erzeugung...."" 1905 and Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung (the paper offered here)"" (PMM the note to 391).Weil: 12 (with an asterix, denoting a major paper) - Boni:12.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 46956

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - THE PHOTOELECTRIC EQUATION.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtsabsorption (withbound:) Das princip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunktsbewegung und die Trägheit der Energie" (2 papers).‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906. Bound together in one contemp. halfcalf. Spine gilt. Minor scratches to spine. A stamp to titlepage and htitle. ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 20. Herausgegeben von Paul Drude."" , Portrait (Paul Drude), VIII,1048 pp. and 6 plates. Einstein papers: pp. 199-206 and 627-33. The entire volume offered.‎

‎Both papers first edition. It was for the papers ""Ueber einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt"" of 1905 and ""Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung...( Theory of light emission and absorption), the offered item), that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921.""The quantum theory has affected virtually every branch of physics. Its earliest and one of its most significant developments was Einstein's application of the theory to what is known as the 'photo-electrical effect'....Einstein explained this effext by suggesting that the classical view that light is emitted in the form of continous waves must be abandoned. The photo-electrical effect could be explained only as an example of quantum action where the waves of light or X-rays are emitted in minute particles or bullets. It is he size of the bullet (the wave-lenght of the radiation) which determines the number of electrons ejected. It was for this, and not for the theory of relativity, that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. Einstein's two fundamental papers on this subject are ""Ueber einem Erzeugung...."" 1905 and Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung (the paper offered here)"" (PMM the note to 391). In the second paper (Principle of the conservation of the centre of mass motion and the inertia of energy) he shows that the conservation of mass is a special application of his energy principle (E= Mc2) - Weil: 12 & 13.Among the many papers in this volume we have Max von Laue: Zur Thermodynamik der Inteferenzerscheinungen. pp. 365-378.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 46962

‎"EINSTEIN, A.‎

‎Address at the University of Nottingham.‎

‎New York, The Science Press, 1930. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary black full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Science"", Vol. 71, 1930. Small stamp to lower part of front free end-paper. Otherwise a very fine and clean copy. Pp.608-10. [Entire volume: VIII, 670 pp + advertisements].‎

‎First printing. Einstein was invited to give a lecture at the University of Nottingham by a lecturer there, Henry Brose, who also acted as interpreter. Einstein came with his wife Elsa on 6th June 1930. He was due to start the lecture at 3.45pm but did not arrive until 6.30 as he took a detour to visit the birth place of Isaac Newton. The blackboard on which he wrote was quickly varnished over when the lecture was over and is still preserved in the university. While in Nottingham Einstein commented on George Green's contribution to mathematics, saying that he had been 20 years ahead of his time.Weil no 174a.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 46969

‎"EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - INTRODUCING ""PROBABILITY"" IN QUANTUM PHYSICS.‎

‎Die Plancksche Theorie der Strahlung und die Theorie der spezifischen Wärme. (+) Berichtigung zu meiner Arbeit: ""Die Plancksche Theorie der Strahlung etc.""""‎

‎Berlin, J.A. Barth, 1907. 8vo. 2 issues, to both the original printed yellow wrappers. No backstrip. Wrappers loose. In: ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 22"", No. 1. and No. 4. Pp. 1-208, 1 fold. plate a. 1 portrait (P. Curie) a. pp. 609-800, 1 plate. (Entire issues offered). Einsteins paper: pp. 180-190 and p. 800. Astamp to verso of plates and a few leaves. THE PRINTED WRAPPERS LOOSE.‎

‎First printing of a major paper in Quantum Theory, introducing the first systematic introduction of probability factors in Quantum Theory.""From 1905 through 1909 Einstein published five major papers on the hypothesis of energy quanta, its theoretical implications, and its use in the explanation of various phenomena. Among these papers we have his importent paper ""Die Plancksche..."" and in his second paper from 1906d he asserted that Planck's derivation implicitly assumes quantification of the enrgies of charged oscillators. Now (in the paper offered) he returned to this question, showing that, if the structure function in phase space he had introduced earlier is assumed to restrict the oscillators to orbits with energies that are integral mulætiples of 'hv', then the average oscillator energy in a canonical ensemble yealds Planck's law, when substituted in eg. The works contains the first systematic introduction of probability factors in the mathematics of Quantum Theory."" Weil: nos 15 (1-2 with an asterix, denoting a major paper). - Boni: 15.‎

Riferimento per il libraio : 47020