‎Autographes‎

‎ISMET [PASHA] INÖNÜ, (Turkish general and statesman, Second President of Turkey, "National Chief"), (1884-1973).‎

‎[LETTER of TURKISH NATIONAL CHIEF] Autograph letter signed 'Basvekil Ismet'.‎

‎Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original autograph letter signed 'President Ismet' and by president of 'Cemiyet-i Tedrisiye-i Islamiye'. 4to. (32 x 21 cm). In Ottoman script. 1 p. Dated July, 28, 1927. It's written from Bursa city. Letterhead of Turkish Presidency. Inönü was a Turkish general and statesman, who served as the second President of Turkey from 10 November 1938 to 27 May 1950, when his Republican People's Party was defeated in Turkey's second free elections. He also served as the first Chief of the General Staff from 1922 to 1924, and as the first Prime Minister after the declaration of the Republic, serving three terms: from 1923 to 1924, 1925 to 1937, and 1961 to 1965. As President, he was granted the official title of "Millî Sef" (i.e. National Chief). When the 1934 Surname Law was adopted, Mustafa Kemal gave him a surname taken from Inönü, where he commanded the forces of Army of Grand National Assembly as the Minister of the Chief of the General Staff (Erkân-i Harbiye-i Umumiye Reis Vekili) during the Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922. Afterwards these battles became to be known as the First Battle of Inönü and Second Battle of Inönü. Ismet graduated from the Imperial School of Military Engineering (Mühendishane-i Berrî-i Hümâyûn) in 1903 as gunnery officer, and received his first military assignment in the Ottoman Army. He joined the Committee of Union and Progress. He won his first military victories by suppressing two major revolts against the struggling Ottoman Empire, first in Rumelia and later in Yemen, whose leader was Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din. He served as a military officer during the Balkan Wars on the Ottoman-Bulgarian front. During World War I, he served with the Ottoman military rank of Miralay (arbitrarily the equivalent of Colonel or Senior Colonel (Brigadier)) and worked under Mustafa Kemal Pasha during his assignments at the Caucasus and Palestine fronts. During the war, on 13 April 1916, Ismet married Mevhibe, who was a daughter of an Ashraf (Esraf) of Zistovi (present day Svishtov) Zühtü Efendi. They had three children: Ömer, Erdal and Özden (married to Metin Toker). After losing the Battle of Megiddo against General Edmund Allenby during the last days of World War I, he went to Constantinople (Istanbul) and was assigned Undersecretary of the Ministry of War and then General Secretary of the Documentation in the Military Council. After the military occupation of Constantinople on 16 March 1920, he decided to pass to Anatolia to join the Turkish National Movement. He and his chief of staff Major Saffet (Arikan) wore soldier uniform and left Maltepe in the evening of 19 March 1920 and arrived at Ankara on 9 April 1920... (Source: Wikipedia). This letter has been written in the Republic period.‎

‎BEHIÇ ERKIN, (Ottoman / Turkish statesman, Minister of Public Works, Diplomat), (1876-1961).‎

‎[DIPLOMAT WHO HELPED SAVE JEWS in FRANCE DURING WW II] Autograph letter signed 'Nafia Vekili Behiç'.‎

‎Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original manuscript (handwritten) letter (ALS) signed 'Nafia Vekili Behiç' [i. e. Minister of Public Works, Behiç [Erkin]]. 21x14,5 cm. In Ottoman script. 1 p. Dated February 19, 1928. Written from Ankara. Letterhead 'Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryollari Vekâleti [Ministry of Turkish Republic Railways]'. To an un-named female correspondent. Behiç Erkin was a Turkish career officer, first director (1920-1926) of the Turkish State Railways, nationalized under his auspices, statesman and diplomat of the Turkish Republic, who helped save almost 20,000 ethnic Jews in France during World War II. He was Minister of Public Works, 1926-1928, and deputy for three terms; and an ambassador. He served as Turkey's ambassador to Budapest between 1928-1939, and to Paris and Vichy between August 1939-August 1943. As Turkish ambassador in France under the German Occupation after June 1940, Erkin used the power of his office and nation's neutrality to save Jews who could document a Turkish connection, however slight, from the Holocaust. Other Turkish diplomats in France and elsewhere, were also active in this rescue effort. The consulate staff under Necdet Kent in Marseille was particularly involved.‎

‎CELÂL BAYAR, (Turkish politician, Third President of Turkey, Prime Minister of Turkey), (1883-1986).‎

‎Autograph letter signed 'C. Bayar'.‎

‎Very Good Turkish Original typewritten autograph letter signed 'C. Bayar'. 30x22 cm. Punch-holes on left side. 1 p. In Turkish. 'Celâl Bayar' letterhead. Dated 5/6/1974. Sent to Agatangelos Kalaycioglu. Includes response to birthday celebration. Mahmut Celâl Bayar was a Turkish politician, who was the third President of Turkey from 1950 to 1960; previously he was Prime Minister of Turkey from 1937 to 1939. Bayar, as the Turkish President, was decorated with the Legion of Merit by the President of the United States, as a result of Turkey's participation in the Korean War. He is considered to be the longest-lived former head of state and was the longest-lived state leader until 8 December 2008 (when he was surpassed by Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum). Celal Bayar died on 22 August 1986 at the age of 103 after a brief illness.‎

‎IBRAHIM KAZIM TAHTAKILIÇ, (Turkish / Ottoman politician, member of Union and Progress Party, Mutasarrif of Nigde city, Parliamentary, Second President of Alasehir Congress, Commandant of Salihli and Bozdogan fronts in Turkish War of Independence),‎

‎[CHANGE REQUEST of the NAME of 'ÜRGÜP' [PROKOPI] TOWN] Autograph letter signed 'Nigde Mutasarrifi Kâzim' addressed to Sheikh al-Islam Hayri Ürgüblü'.‎

‎Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original manuscript (handwritten) letter (ALS) signed 'Nigde Mutasarrifi Kâzim'. 20x13i5 cm. In Ottoman script. 1 p. Dated AH: 1330 (13 Kanunievvel 1331) = AD: 1915. Sent to last Ottoman sheik al-islam Mustafa Hayri Ürgüplü Efendi, (1867-1921). Includes the change request of Ürgüp (Prokopi)'s name (Ürgüb nâminin tebdili tensib kilinmasi'. Letter has 10 lines.‎

‎ALI FUAD [FUAT] CEBESOY, (Turkish army officer and politician), (1882-1968).‎

‎Typed letter signed 'A. F. Cebesoy'.‎

‎Very Good Turkish Original typescript letter signed (TLS) 'A. F. Cebesoy' sent to Salih [Sener]. 23x15 cm. In Turkish. Dated 'November 1, 1939'. Response to greetings of Salih Keçeci. Text: "Sayin Bay Salih, Tebrikinize tesekkür ederim. Bayraminizi kutlular, sihhat ve saadetler dilrim. Hürmetler., Naia Vekili, A[li] F[uad] Cebesoy.". Ali Fuat was born in September 1882 to father Ismail Fazil Pasha and mother Zekiye Hanim. Ali Fuat was the grandson (on his mother's side) of Mushir Mehmet Ali Pasha. (Ludwig Karl Friedrich Detroit) who was the commander of the Danube Army (Tuna Sark Ordusu) during the Russo-Turkish war, participated in the Congress of Berlin as one of three representatives of the Ottoman Empire and was killed on September 7, 1878. in Dakovica (Kosovo) by Albanian insurgents who were dissatisfied with the results of the Berlin Congress. Ali Fuat attended the War School in 1902, and graduated from the Ottoman War College in 1905 as a Staff Captain. He was assigned to the 3rd Rifle Battalion (Üçüncü Nisanci Taburu), the 28th Cavalry Regiment (Yirmi Sekizinci Süvari Alayi) based in Beirut under the command of Fifth Army based in Damascus, and later to 15th Artillery Regiment (On Besinci Topçu Alayi) based in Thessalonica under the command of Third Army as an intern. He joined the Committee of Union and Progress (membership number was 191). On June 28, he was assigned to the staff officer of the Third Army. And then he was promoted to the rank of Senior Captain and appointed to the area commander of Karaferye (present day: Veria). On January 9, 1909, he was appointed to the military attaché in Rome, Italy. On October 1, 1911, he was appointed to the chief of the 1st department (chief of operations) of the Western Army On February 20, he was temporarily appointed to the chief of staff of the VII Corps</a>. And then he was appointed to the commander of a detachment that was formed to liberate Ipek (present day: Pec) and Yakova (Dakovica) from insurgents. On January 15, 1914, he was appointed to the chief of staff of the VIII Corps. After Kress von Kressenstein was appointed the chief of staff of this corps, replacing Ali Fuat, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel (Kaymakam) and on September 19, he was appointed to the commander of the 25th Division. In January 1915, he participated in the First Suez Offensive. On January 7, he and his division left Birüssebi (present day: Beersheba) for the desert and arrived at the front of the Suez Canal, but the Ottoman forces couldn't pass the canal and retreated. He and his division went back to Gaza on January 20, 1915. After the Gallipoli Campaign was launched, the 25th Division was dispatched to the Gallipoli Front on May 24, 1915, and started to arrive there on June 2, 1916. His division entered to the order of the XVII Corps of the First Army and deployed in the Bulair-Saros area. On January 20, 1916, he was appointed to the commander of the 14th Division. At first, his division was intended for use in the Second Suez Offensive and sent to Maallaha, but because of the Russian offensive, his division instead came under the command of the Second Army under Ahmet Izzet Pasha, and on June 27, were sent back from the Rayak station to Aleppo and dispatched to Diyârbekir. On September 30, he was promoted to commander of the 5th Division and in January he became the chief of staff of the Second Army. On January 12, 1917, he returned to the Sina-Palestine Front and in April he became the deputy commander of the Sina-Palestine Front. On June 30, 1917, he became the commander of the XX Corps. After the Armistice of Mudros was signed, he concurrently became the deputy commander of Seventh Army, replacing Mustafa Kemal. After the Seventh Army was abolished, he transferred the headquarters of the XX Corps from Syria to Eregli, then to Konya and to Ankara. Ali Fuat Pasha organized the resistance in Western Turkey against the Greek invasion and thus actually started the National Independence War.‎

‎ALI FETHI OKYAR, (Turkish diplomat and politician, MInister of Justice), (1880-1943).‎

‎Typed letter signed 'Fethi Okyar'.‎

‎Very Good Turkish Original typescript letter signed (TLS). 21x14 cm (Letter size). In Turkish. 1 p. Letterhead Turkish Ministry of Justice. Correspondent is 'Salih Sener', Istanbul - Kiziltoprak. Dated February 2, 1940. Okyar was a Turkish diplomat and politician, who also served as a military officer and diplomat during the last decade of the Ottoman Empire. He was also the second Prime Minister of Turkey (1924-1925) and the second Speaker of the Turkish Parliament after Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. He was born in the Ottoman town of Prilep in Manastir Vilayet (present-day Republic of Macedonia) to a Circassian family. In 1913, he joined the Committee of Union and Progress (Ittihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti) and was elected as the secretary general. In 1930, while serving as Turkey's Ambassador in Paris, he was asked by Atatürk, during a meeting in Yalova, to establish the Serbest Cumhuriyet Firkasi (Liberal Republican Party), an early party of opposition, in order to establish the tradition of multi-party democracy in Turkey. However, when the government noticed the support of this opposition party among Islamists, it was declared illegal and closed down, a situation similar to that of the Progressive Republican Party, which had lasted for a few months in 1924. He later served as Justice Minister from 1939 to 1941. (Wikipedia). Letter includes Okyar's response to Sener's greetings for the 15th anniversary of Turkish Republic.‎

‎[MUSTAFA] CELÂL ARAT, (Turkish military officer, Politician, Diplomat), (1883-1968).‎

‎Autograph letter signed 'Yozgad Millet Vekili Celâl Arat'.‎

‎Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original autograph letter signed (ALS) 'Yozgat Milletvekili Celâl Arat'. 21x15 cm. In Ottoman script. 1 p. Folded. Dated October, 10, 1946. Includes five lines.‎

‎ALI RIZA, (Ottoman / Turkish politician), (Active as governor of Yozgat city between 1927-1931).‎

‎Autograph letter signed 'Yozgad Valisi Ali Riza' with his original portrait photograph.‎

‎Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original autograph letter (ALS) signed 'Yozgad Valisi Ali Riza' with his original b/w portrait photograph. 1 p. including four lines in Ottoman script. Dated June, 21, 1928.‎

‎KEMAL [OKUR] SÜLKER, (Turkish unionist, journalist, author), (1919-1995).‎

‎Typed letter signed 'Kemal Sülker' addressed to 'Türkiye Defteri' periodicals.‎

‎Very Good Turkish Original typescript autograph letter signed by Kemal Sülker. (25,5x20 cm). In Turkish. Containing five lines. Dated 1.3.1974. Sülker says he would happily sent an article for the 'Kemal Tahir' special issue of Türkiye Defteri literary periodical.‎

‎KILISLI HACI HIDAYET AGAZÂDE, (Ayân in 'Emirler Karyesi' in the 19th century).‎

‎[OTTOMAN 'ESRAF' and 'AYÂNS'] Autograph document signed and sealed 'Kilisli Haci Hidayet Agazâde Mustafa'.‎

‎Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original autograph document signed and sealed by Haci Hidayet Agazâde Mustafa who was 'ayân' and one of 'eshraf' (descendant from a local rooted and powerful family) in 'Emirler' Karyesi (Gaziantep - Aintab). (18 x11 cm). In Ottoman script. 1 p. Includes seven lines. Sent to Hacizâde Raif Efendi. Text: "Rif'atlu Kilisli Hacizâde Raif Efendi Hazretlerine, Rif'atu efendim Emirler Karyesi (?) azâ olmak üzere muhtarimiz Mustafa Bey'e yüz gurus virüb leffen gönderilen ilmühaber mûcibince azâ idüb isbu ilmühaberi ahz ediniz. Fî 13 Mayis sene [1]306 [1890].". It says that a bribery will be given to the local manager and that document will be destroyed.‎

‎MAHMOUD CHEVKET PASHA, (1856-1913); IZZEDDIN ÇALISLAR, (1882-1951).‎

‎[OTTOMAN COUNTERCOUP of 1909 - HAREKET ORDUSU] Autograph letter signed Mahmud Sevket Pasa and Erkân-i Harb Kolagasi Izzeddin [Çalislar].‎

‎Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original paper autograph letter handwritten signed by Mahmud Sevket, Izzeddin Çalislar. (33x21 cm). In Ottoman script. 2 p. Repaired back side. Request of a surgical operation by 'Said bin Mehmed' (Siroz Redif Taburu Efrâdindan) and Mahmud Sevket Pasha and Izzeddin's confirmations. Signed by Mahmud Shevket Pasha as "commander of Turkish countercoup of 1909 (Hareket Army)" and by Izzeddin [Çalislar] as "Erkân-i Harb Kolagasi (Batallion commander)". The Ottoman countercoup of 1909 (13 April 1909) was an attempt to dismantle the Second Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire and replace it with an autocracy under Sultan/Caliph Abdul Hamid II. Unfortunately for the advocates of representative parliamentary government, mutinous demonstrations by disenfranchised regimental officers broke out which led to the collapse of the Ottoman government. Characterized as a counterrevolution, chaos reigned briefly and several people were killed in the confusion. It was instigated by some parts of the Ottoman Army in a large part by a certain Cypriot Islamic extremist. Dervish Vahdeti reigned supreme in Istanbul for 11 days. The Countercoup was put down in the 31 March Incident, on 24 April 1909 by the Army of Action (Hareket Ordusu) which was the 11th Salonika Reserve Infantry Division of to the Third Army (Ottoman Empire) commanded by Mahmud Shevket Pasha. Extremely rare.‎

‎TARIK ZAFER TUNAYA, (Turkish jurist, academician, author), (1916-1991).‎

‎Autograph letter signed 'Dr. T. Z. Tunaya' addressed to Nevzad [Ayasbeyoglu].‎

‎Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original handwritten two ALS. Sent to Nevzat Ayasbeyoglu, (1885-1965?) who was Turkish educator, politician and author. (23x15 cm). In Ottoman script. 1 p. Full. Dated 'March 18, 1950'. Letterhead "Doçent Dr. Tarik Zafer Tunaya - [Istanbul University] Law Faculty". Tunaya was author of 'Türkiye'de siyasî partiler' [i.e. Turkish political parties] including three volumes. He was an important dissident figure during the Coup of May, 1960.‎

‎MEHMED SAID PASHA, (Mabeyn baskatibi, also known as 'Küçük Said Pasha' [i.e. Said Pasha the Younger] or 'Sapur Çelebi', Ottoman monarchist, senator, statesman and editor of the Turkish newspaper Jerid-i-Havadis), (1830-1914).‎

‎[OTTOMAN CHIEF of the COUNCIL of the STATE] Autograph document sealed 'Sura-yi Devlet reisi Mehmed Said'.‎

‎Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original manuscript autograph document signed by Mehmed Said Pasha sent to Trabzon Vilayat, Ordu Kaza, Hasbamane Nahiya local manager, faziletlu 'Mehmed Ali Sevki Beyefendi'. 33,5x20 cm. Folded. 1 p. In Ottoman script. Mehmed Said Pasha was an Ottoman monarchist, senator, statesman and editor of the Turkish newspaper Jerid-i-Havadis. He supported the CUP, the political party which came to power after the Ottoman coup d'état of 1913. His origin comes from 'Sebazâde family' from Ankara. He became first secretary to Sultan Abdul Hamid II shortly after the Sultan's accession, and is said to have contributed to the realizations of his majesty's design of concentrating power in his own hands; later he became successively minister of the interior and then governor of Bursa, reaching the high post of grand vizier in 1879. He was grand vizier seven more times under Abdul Hamid II, and once under his successor, Mehmed V. He was known for his opposition to the extension of foreign influence in Turkey. n 1896, he took refuge at the British embassy in Constantinople, and, though then assured of his personal liberty and safety, remained practically a prisoner in his own house. He came into temporary prominence again during the revolution of 1908. On 22 July he succeeded Mehmed Ferid Pasha as grand vizier, but on the 6 August was replaced by the more liberal Kâmil Pasha, at the insistence of the Young Turks. Also during 1908, Mehmed Said Pasha bought the famed Istanbul arcade in the Beyoglu (Pera) district, today known as Çiçek Pasaji ("Flower Passage"). The modern name became common in the 1940s; during Mehmed Said Pasha's ownership in the 1900s and 1910s, the arcade was known as Sait Pasa Pasaji ("Said Pasha Passage"). During the Italian crisis in 1911-12, he was again called to the premiership. He was again removed from power by the Savior Officers (who backed the Freedom and Accord Party (Liberal Union) against the Committee of Union and Progress) and replaced by a new cabinet supported by the Officers and the Freedom and Accord Party. The CUP would return to power, however, the next year after the Ottoman coup d'état of 1913. (Source: Wikipedia). Seven lines on special paper with watermark 'Joynson Superfine'. Letter of request to provide teaching for some students in the region.‎

‎[TEPEDELENLIZÂDE] ISMAIL RAHMI PASHA, (Active as Turkish / Ottoman governor of Adrianople between 1848-1850).‎

‎Autograph letter signed [sealed] 'Vâlî-yi Edirne Es-Seyyid Ismail Rahmi' to famous Crimean origin Haci Giray family for condolences.‎

‎Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original autograph manuscript letter sent to Haci Giray family for condolences on Haci Giray's death. 38x21 cm. On a special paper with 'ahar'. Sealed. 1 p. Has six lines. With a legible script and fine calligraphic style. It starts with 'huve'. He was a Turkish statesman, governor and member of state council according to Sicill-i Osmânî by Süreya and Türkischer Biographischer Index. The House of Giray (Crimean Tatar: Geraylar, Turkish: Âl-i Cengiz), also Girays, were the Genghisid/Turkic dynasty that reigned in the Khanate of Crimea from its formation in 1427 until its downfall in 1783. The dynasty also supplied several khans of Kazan and Astrakhan between 1521 and 1550. Apart from the royal Girays, there was also a lateral branch, the Choban Girays (Çoban Geraylar). Before reaching the age of majority, young Girays were brought up in one of the Circassian tribes, where they were instructed in the arts of war. The Giray khans were elected by other Crimean Tatar dynasts, called myrzas (mirzalar). They also elected an heir apparent, called the qalgha sultan (qalga sultan). In later centuries, the Ottoman Sultan obtained the right of installing and deposing the khans at his will. Giray family settled in Adrianople (Edirne) city in 17th century.‎

‎ENVER PASHA (Sealed by personally), (Ottoman Mnister of War -Harbiye Nâziri-), (1881-1922).‎

‎Ottoman berat for promoted rank of Musa Rifki Efendi, son of Hasan of Düzce, who was deputy reserve officer to the rank 'lieutenant' during WW 1 in 1916.‎

‎Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original manuscript 'berat' in diwanî Ottoman Turkish script for promoted rank of Ottoman berat for promoted rank of Musa Rifki Efendi, son of Hasan of Düzce, who was deputy reserve officer to the rank 'lieutenant' durin WW 1 in 1916. 41x19,5 cm. 1 p. Four lines with elqab and sealed by Enver Pasha when he was Minister of War during the first World War in 1916. Written in very calligraphic diwanî style. Sealed in Dersaadet, Ministry of War, as 'Harbiye Nâziri Enver' (i.e. Enver, Minister of War). Enver Pasha was an important Ottoman general and commander in chief, a hero of the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, and a leading member of the Ottoman government from 1913 to 1918. He played a key role in the Ottoman entry into World War I on the side of Germany, and, after the Ottoman defeat in 1918, he attempted to organize the Turkic peoples of Central Asia against the Soviets. Manuscript notes on verso.‎

‎MEHMED TEVFIK BEY [BIREN], (Ottoman / Turkish governor, minister and last chief of the Council of the State), (1867-1956).‎

‎[THE LAST OTTOMAN CHIEF OF THE STATE COUNCIL] Autograph document signed 'Sûrâ-yi Devlet reisi Tevfik'.‎

‎Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original manuscript autograph document signed by Mehmed Tevfik Biren. 33,5x20 cm. Folded. 1 p. In Ottoman script. Dated 25 Saban [1]338 [AH]. Letterhead of 'Sûrâ-yi Devlet' addressed to 'Bâb-i Âlî Teshilât Sandigi Komisyonu'. Biren served as a high-ranking statesman such as the Minister and the Governor in the last period of the Ottoman Empire. Also he was last chief of the council of the state [i.e. Shûrâ al-Devlet]. Mehmet Tevfik Bey was born in 1867 in Istanbul. His father was a high-ranking statesman in the Ministry of Education. After graduating from Mekteb-i Mulkiye in 1885, at the age of 18, he started his first duty as the clerk of Abdulhamid II at Yildiz Palace. From 1897 to 1901 he served as the Governor of Jerusalem. After that he was appointed as the Governor of Thessaloniki. He was the governor of Yemen between 1904-1905. He became the Minister of Finance in the last years of the Ottoman Empire. He participated in the negotiations of the Treaty of Sevres signed in 1920. He was last appointed on 19 August 1921 as the 'Sûrâ re'isi'. He continued this duty until the abolition of the Sultanate on 4 November 1922. Thus, he was the last 'al-Shura' of the Ottoman Empire. After the proclamation of the Republic, he left the state. (Wikipedia).‎

‎ARISTARCHI BEY [GREGORY "LIGOR" ARISTARCHIS], (Ottoman diplomat), (1843-1915).‎

‎Autograph letter signed 'Aristarchi Bey' as an Ottoman minister in Washington, addressed 'Cher Monsiuer'.‎

‎Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original manuscript (handwritten) letter (ALS) signed as a Turkish / Ottoman minister in Washington addressed 'Cher Monsiuer', evidently taking in hand the arrangements for his correspondent's visit to Constantinople. 18x11 cm. In French. 3 p. Washington, 25 January 1878. Folds, lightly toned, some mnor blemmishes. Embossed crest with Greek inscription 'Epeude Vradeus'. Gregory "Ligor" Aristarchis also known as Aristarchi Bey, was an Ottoman diplomat of Phanariote Greek ethnicity, compiler of a corpus of Ottoman legislation. Originally a provincial jurist, he became the director of foreign correspondence of Crete beginning in 1861, and then from 1867 the Smyrna (Izmir) directeur politique ("political director") and vice-governor. He served as Ottoman Minister in Washington from 1873 to 1883 with Alexandros Mavrogenis. The Ottoman government dismissed him from his post. Sinan Kuneralp, the author of "Ottoman Diplomatic and Consular Personnel in the United States of America, 1867-1917," argued that his relationship with Midhat Pasha was the "more likely" reason why he was fired, while the official accusation was that Aristarchis misused money from a weapons deal. After 1883 he lived in Paris where he worked as an advisor to Alfred Nobel. After the fall of Abdul Hamid II, he served as an Ottoman envoy to the Netherlands, where he died. He composed one of the first collections of the Ottoman law in 7 volumes in the French language: "egislation ottomane, ou Recueil des lois, reglements, ordonnances, traités, capitulations et autres documents officiels de l'Émpire Ottoman", Constantinople: Imprimerie, Frères Nicolaides.‎

‎MUSTAFA HALIM [ÖZYAZICI], (Ottoman / Turkish calligrapher), (1898-1964).‎

‎Autograph paper signed 'Hattat el-Hac Mustafa Halim'.‎

‎Fine Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original manuscript paper with its decorative frame. Paper size: 7,5x13 cm; frame size: 19x24 cm. In Ottoman script. 1 p. Signature of Halim by his very calligraphic style with 'Hattat el-Hac' title and seen one sentence down of paper: 'Gönderilen meblagi mütesekkir aldim hürmetlerim efendim' [i.e. 'I received the amount sent, thanks and gratitude']. Mustafa Halim Özyazici, was an Ottoman calligrapher and one of the last of the classical Ottoman calligraphers, using the Arabic script. He was a versatile calligrapher with a high level of expertise in many styles of script, but was widely regarded as a master jeli-thuluth. He is most noted for his work on various restoration projects, of both manuscripts and public buildings. He was born Mustafa Abdülhalim on 14 January, 1898 in the Hazeki district of Istanbul. He was the son of Nalinci Haci Cemâl Efendi, originally from Crimea and his mother was Sudanese. He was educated at Gülsen Junior High School, where he was given lessons in calligraphy by Hamid Aytaç, who recognised his talent and encouraged him to pursue calligraphy as a career. He later studied drawing and sculpture at the Academy of Fine Arts in Istanbul. His formal calligraphy studies were with Hasan Riza Effendi (1849-1920) and Kamil Akdik (1862-1941) where he mastered the thuluth, nasih and riqâ scripts. In 1916, he was drafted into the Army. After completing basic training he worked in the Military Printing Department and also worked in Evkâf-i Islâmiyye Printing Press. Following his discharge from the Army in 1924, he opened an office in Bâbiâli Street (The Sublime Porte) where he prepared all types of calligraphy; business cards, seals and book covers. He also taught in various schools around the Cagaloglu district of Istanbul. From 1927, he was employed in the Imperial Chancery. When the Latin alphabet replaced Arabic lettering in 1928, he applied to go to Egypt, where classical calligraphy, using Arabic script, was still valued, but his application was rejected in 1929. He subsequently abandoned calligraphy altogether. However, during the 1940s, his skills in classical calligraphy found an outlet when he became part of a major restoration project which worked on repairs to numerous manuscripts in a variety of styles and the restoration of calligraphic reliefs and monumental art in historic, public buildings, including many mosques. In 1948, he was appointed to the position of 'old writing teacher' at the Academy of Fine Arts in Istanbul; a position he retained until his retirement in 1963. One of his responsibilities was to write the diplomas for those who were about to graduate from the Academy. He died on 30 September, 1964, ten days after being involved in a traffic accident. He was buried in the Kozlu Cemetery. Although he developed expertise in many different types of script, he was regarded as a master of jeli-thuluth script. He wrote a number of exercise books for students to practice scripts in nesih, thuluth-nesih, riq'a, diwânî and jeli diwânî, and which were part of a program designed to promote the art of calligraphy. These books are still being printed and distributed to students of calligraphy.‎

‎ABDUSSEYYID, (Ottoman local qadi -judge- in Inebolu, Kastamonu city), (17th century).‎

‎Early Ottoman court order document about a debt claim between a Greek and a Turkish citizen in Inebolu sealed 'Abdüsseyyid'.‎

‎Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original document sealed 'Abdüsseyyid'. Original manuscript written on a special paper with 'ahar'. Chipped extremities. Slightly foxing. Some stains. 32x15 cm. In Ottoman script. A 17th century law document including a traditional language in its period. A case about a debt claim between non-Muslim (Greek) citizen Andriye bin Lefter and muslim-Turkish citizen Mustafa Bise bin Mehmed. AH 1108 = AD 1692. 28 lines text and 3 lines names. Full.‎

‎CIHAD BABAN, (Turkish journalist, Minister of Culture, author, and a parliamentary deputy in the 1950s and 1960s), (1911-1984).‎

‎Autograph dedicated business card of Cihad Baban.‎

‎Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original business card with autograph dedication as 'Saygilarimla' (With my regards) in Turkish by a pen. 5,5x9 cm. Cihad Baban as Turkish Minister of Culture. Mustafa Cihad Baban was a Turkish journalist, author, and a parliamentary deputy in the 1950s and 1960s. Baban attended Galatasaray High School, Istanbul, and graduated from Istanbul University in 1934. As a journalist, Baban contributed to newspapers including Son Posta, Yeni Sabah, Cumhuriyet, and Tercüman, and he was one of the founders of the Turkish Journalists' Association in 1946. He also wrote a variety of books. Baban was elected in the 1946 general election for the Democratic Party, representing Istanbul. He was re-elected in the 1950 general election and 1954 general election, representing Izmir Province until the 1957 elections, in which he was not elected. He was a member of the constituent assembly which wrote the 1961 Constitution of Turkey, and was Minister of Tourism and Promotion (January to August 1961) in the 1960-1 post-coup government of Cemal Gürsel. In the October 1961 general election he was elected again for the Republican People's Party representing Istanbul, and in the 1965 general election representing Çanakkale. He later served as Minister of Culture in the 1980-3 post-coup government of Bülend Ulusu.‎

‎ROBERT [FRIEDRICH MORITZ] ANHEGGER, (German Turcologist, Orientalist), (1911-2001).‎

‎Autograph typed document with signed 'Rob. Anhegger' sent to the Organizing Committee of the XVth International Congress of Sociology in 1952, Istanbul.‎

‎Very Good English Original types document with autograph scripts. 4to. (30 x 21 cm). In English. 1 p. A typed document for the registration to the Congress of Sociology at Istanbul in 1952. Dated 31. IX. 1952. His autograph notes are his name and surname, his address, date, title of communication (his proceeding's title) and signature. His proceeding entitled 'Osmanlica'nin inkisafinda içtimâî faktörler' [i.e. Social factors in the development of Ottoman Turkish]. German Turkologist; educated in Switzerland; member of the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD); traveled widely in Turkey together with the Austrian Turkologist and fellow party member Andreas Tietze; settled in Turkey in 1939; after the Second World War director of the German cultural institute, later Goethe Institute (1961-68), in Istanbul and lastly of the Goethe Institute in Amsterdam. Anhegger was born in Vienna in 1911, the son of a German trader. After World War I (much of which he spent in Switzerland), Anhegger moved with his parents to Rotterdam. In 1923 the family moved to Zürich. In Zürich, Anhegger started to read Law, History and Literature at the university, before moving to Vienna in 1932. There he continued his studies, this time reading Economic History, Slavonic studies and Islamic studies. He also started to learn Turkish. It was during his studies in Vienna that he befriended Andreas Tietze. They not only shared scholarly interests, but also a passion for left-wing politics. Anhegger made his first trip to Turkey in 1935. In 1939 he received his Ph.D. degree at the University of Zürich and in 1940 he moved (and as it turned out emigrated) to Istanbul. He had several motives for doing so: quite apart from his scholarly interest in Turkey, his background in the Communist movement and the fact that he shared his life with a Jewish woman, made him feel unsafe so close to Germany. In Istanbul he worked at the German Archeological Institute until he was dismissed in 1942 for refusing to join up when called to serve in the German army. After his dismissal he worked as a teacher of German language and literature in a number of places, notably Istanbul University. As a German with intimate knowledge of Turkey, who was untainted by any Nazi connections, Anhegger from the early fifties onwards became the lynchpin of German cultural activities in Istanbul, culminating in his directorship of the Goethe Institute after 1961. In 1958 Anhegger married the Turkish architect Muallâ Eyüboglu, the sister of the painter Bedri Rahmi. His connections with modern Turkish painters led him to found the first private art gallery in Istanbul in 1957. Robert and Muallâ Anhegger now live partly in Istanbul, partly in Amsterdam.‎

‎EYÜBZÂDE LÂMI' ÖMER, (Turkish young from Trabzon gentry and ayans -Eyubzâde family-), (19th century).‎

‎[TRAVEL FROM TREBIZOND TO ANTWERP] Autograph letter signed 'Eyübzâde'.‎

‎Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original autograph letter signed (ALS) 'Eyubzâde Lâmi' Ömer' addressed to his aunt. 26,5x20 cm. In Ottoman script. 1 p. Full. Folded. It starts with 'My dear aunt'. He describes his travel during sixteen days from Trebizond to Anvers, Belgium by a ship and his memoirs in the capital of Antwerp province in the Flemish Region of Belgium. 'Eyubzade'family of Trebizond, especially settled in Maçka region, is a well-established and very important family that raised prominent individuals in the 18th and 19th centuries and played important roles in the social and economic life of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. The family served in 'Maçka voivodalik' from 1764 to 1837. In the period after the declaration of the Tanzimat, the role of family members who held administrative positions in the Trabzon bureaucracy is very important as well in regard to the central administration-local bureaucracy-gentry triangle. Eyübzade Mehmed Hamdi Efendi was the writer of 'Safahat-i Hayatim' book who was also the grandfather of Bedri Rahmi Eyuboglu, (1911-1975), who was a famous Turkish poet and painter.‎

‎SAFFET ARIKAN, (Turkish politician), (1888-1947).‎

‎Autograph letter signed 'Kocaeli meb'usu Safvet' sent to an unknown person, related to Sirket-i Hayriye and its 'muraqib' report.‎

‎Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original autograph letter signed (ALS) 'Kocaeli meb'usu Safvet'. 22x13,5 cm. In Ottoman script. 1 p. of four pages. Folded. It starts with 'Huve' and date (November, 22, 1926), and 13 lines. Including meeting with Necmeddin Molla [Karatas] who was the chairman of the board of Sirket-i Hayriye and a 'muraqib' report on it. It's written from Kocaeli, when Arikan was a parliamentary from Kocaeli city, (1923-1947). Arikan was a Turkish politician. He was born in Erzincan, Ottoman Empire. In 1910 he graduated from the Military Academy. After a brief service in Yemen, he was appointed to an office work in Istanbul. In 1915 he fought in the Battle of Gully Ravine (Kerevizdere) during the Dardanelles Campaign. Later he also served in the Mesopotamia. After the Ottoman Empire was defeated in World War I, he joined the nationalists in the Turkish War of Independence. He served briefly as the military attache of the newly founded Turkey in Moscow. Beginning by 8 August 1923, he was elected as a MP in the 2nd Parliament of Turkey. He was reelected in the following terms. In the 8th, 9th and the 10th government of Turkey he was the Minister of Education and in the 12th government of Turkey he was the Minister National Defence. Between 1942 and 1944 he was the Turkish ambassador to Germany. He is known as one of the pioneers of the Village Institutes. Although the project began after his term in the Ministry of Education, another project called "village trainer" (köy egitmeni) which was the predecessor of the village institutes began in 1936 during his term in the office.‎

‎DANTE ALIGHIERI, (1265-1321).; (KOSTAKI MUSURUS PASHA [KONSTANTINOS MOUSOURUS], (Translator and Ottoman diplomat), (1807-1891).‎

‎[FIRST GREEK EDITION of DANTE'S PARADISE] [Dante's Paradiso - La Divina Commedia] Paradeisos. Metaphrasis Konstantinou Mousourou, (1807-1891) [SIGNED by MUSURUS PASHA to CONSTANTINOPLE PATRIARCH AUGUSTE BONETTI].‎

‎Very Good Greek, Modern (post 1453) Original decorative cloth bdg. with Dante's portrait gilt on front board and spine. Black cloth with red decorative borders. Gilt on spine with Greek letters 'Dantou o Paradeisos [.] Metaphrasis Konstantinou Mousourou', and gilt publisher's name in English on lower. A small etiquette on lower spine. Some little wormholes on cloth and several pages. Pages are partly opened, uncut and untrimmed. Slightly faded on cloth's board. A stamp on first page. Otherwise a very good copy. Roy. 8vo. (23 x 16 cm). In Greek (Modern). [xiv], 334 p. 14 p. 'prologos' by Musurus. Konstantinos Mousouros, also known as Kostaki Musurus Pasha, was an Ottoman Greek diplomatic official of the Ottoman Empire who served as ambassador to Greece, Austria, Great Britain, Belgium, and the Netherlands. He was born in 1807 in Constantinople (Istanbul) to a distinguished Phanariote family. His brother, Pavlos Mousouros, also became a diplomat. Mousouros became the first ambassador of the Ottoman Empire to the newly independent Kingdom of Greece in 1840, a position he kept until 1848. In 1847-48 he was a central figure in the events known as Mousourika (??????????), which led to his temporary recall and the breakdown of relations between the two states. On his return to Athens he survived an assassination attempt, leading to his transfer to Vienna. In 1850 he took up the post of Ottoman ambassador to the Great Britain and Ireland, which he kept for 35 consecutive years, until his retirement in 1885. During the same period, he also served as ambassador to the Netherlands (1861-77) and Belgium (1861-75). In 1876-78, he was ex officio a member of the short-lived Senate of the Ottoman Empire. Well educated, in 1883 Mousouros translated Dante's Divine Comedy into ancient Greek. He was married and had a son, Stephanos Mousouros, who later became Prince of Samos. (Wikipedia). He is known as the first translator of Dante's Divine Comedy into modern Greek. Musurus Pasha had an intellectual identity. One of the most important occupations of Musurus Pasha in the last years was the translation of Dante's Divine Comedy from Italian to Greek. Being able to translate a work of Italian classics and masterpieces of western literature should be an indication of Musurus Pasha's performance and intellectual dimension. Due to negative statements about Muhammad and Ali in Dante's work, the book was not allowed to be published within the Ottoman Imperial borders. Despite this, Musurus Pasha asked him to be permitted to publish his translation, but it was not accepted. (Source: Bir Tanzimat diplomati Kostaki Musurus Pasa, (1807-1891)., NURDAN SAFAK). Dante's Divine Comedy, originally called Comedia, and later christened Divina by Giovanni Boccaccio, is widely considered the most important poem of the Middle Ages and the greatest literary work in the Italian language. This is only 'Paradiso' book from the set. It's signed and inscribed by Musurus Pasha with a dedication in French to Monseigneur Auguste Bonetti as "A la grandeur Monseigneur Bonetti, Hommage de veneration, Musurus". Bonetti was, in 1887, after the appointment of Monsignor Rotelli to the Vatican Ambassador to Paris, the new Constantinople patriarch appointed by Rome for him. First Greek Edition. Extremely rare.‎

‎PEYAMI SAFA, (Turkish author), (1899-1961).‎

‎Autograph document signed 'Peyami Safa'.‎

‎Very Good French Original autograph manuscript document signed 'Peyami Safa'. Oblong: 15x23 cm. In French. 1 p. It's resume of a paper written for the "XVeme Congress International de Sociologie, Istanbul, 11-17 Septembre 1952" related to 'Ibn-Khaldoun' and 'Auguste Comte'. Safa was a Turkish journalist, columnist and novelist. He was born in 1899 to writer and poet Ismail Safa (1867-1901) in Istanbul, Ottoman Empire. While he was only two years old, his father died in exile in Sivas. During his youth years until the age of seventeen, he lived in psychic and physical depression due a bone sickness he suffered from at the age of eight or nine. He rejected his doctors' advice to amputate his arm. Safa described his experiences in hospitals in his novel Dokuzuncu Hariciye Kogusu, which was filmed in 1967. In 1911, Peyami Safa had to give up his education at Vefa High School, and began working in a printing house and later in the Ministry of Post. He taught himself French, and in 1918 together with his elder brother began publishing a newspaper. In later years, he published three literary periodicals. He also wrote in various newspapers sometimes as a columnist, and sometimes as a novelist. Most of his novels were created before 1940. In these novels, he stressed on the west-east conflict in the Turkish society during the early years of the Turkish Republic. His novel Dokuzuncu Hariciye Kogusu gained much interest. In 1931, he wrote his only historical novel about Attila the Hun. Besides these novels, he wrote many serial stories and novels in newspapers, among them in Cumhuriyet and Milliyet, under the pseudonym "Server Bedii". Some of these are about a gentleman thief named Cingöz Recai.‎