‎Thé‎

‎"BRAUN, FERDINAND. - THE DISCOVERY OF SEMICONDUCTOR RECTIFIER EFFECT.‎

‎Ueber die Stromleitung durch Schwefelmetalle.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1874. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. 5 raised bands, gilt spine and gilt lettering to spine. A few scratches to spine. Small stamp on verso of first -and general- titlepage. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Sechste Reihe Bd. 3, (= Poggendorff Bd. 153). X,636 pp., 4 plates. (Entire volume offered). Braun's paper: pp. 556-563.‎

‎First printing of Brown's importent paper in which he described his discovery of a semiconductor diode, noting that electrical currents flows freely in only one direction at the contact between a metal point and a galena crystal.""In 1874 Braun published the results of his research on mineral metal sulfides. He found that these crystals conducted electric currents in only one direction. This information was important in electrical research and in measuring another property of substances, the electrical conductivity, but Braun’s discovery did not have immediate practical application. In the early twentieth century the principle that Braun had discovered was employed in crystal radio receivers.""(DSB).The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909 was awarded jointly to Guglielmo Marconi and Karl Ferdinand Braun ""in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy"".‎

书商的参考编号 : 49327

‎"BAYLISS, W.M. (WILLIAM MADDOCK) & ERNEST H. STARLING. - FOUNDING THE SCIENCE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY.‎

‎On the Causation of the so-called 'Peripheral Secretion' of the Pancreas (Preliminary Communication). Received January 22, - Read January 23, 1902.‎

‎London, Harrison and Sons, 1902. 8vo. Contemp. full cloth. Top of spine worn down. Lower spine end with a small crack. A collation remark on title-page. A bookmark on inside frontcover, stating that the volume was bound 10/9/02 for City of Manchester. Municipal Technical School. ""Proceedings of the Royal Society"", Vol. 69. VII,501 pp. a. 6 plates. Bayliss & Starling's announcement: pp. 352-353. Internally clean.‎

‎This is the first printing, annoucing a milestone discovery which introduced a quite new field in physiology and medicine, the discovery of the FIRST HORMONE, which the discoverers named ""Secretin"". A few years later Sterling coined the word 'hormone' from the Greek 'hormon', meaning to exite or set into motion. Until know it was though that the control of the glands, here the pancreas, was controlled by the nerves (Pavlow and others), but Bayliss and Sterling showed that they have found that the intestine was signalling the pancreas by some COMPLETELY NEW MECHANISM involving a new kind of body or substance functioning as a chemical messenger. ""If nerves are the sprinters of biology, Bayliss & Starling had discovered the marathon runners. In doing so, they also founded the science of hormones, called endocrinology"" (Alan Lightman ""The Discoveries"", p. 34 ff). The announcement, as offered here, was later the same year followed by their larger paper ""The Mechanism of Pancreatic Secretion"" which they published in ""Journal of Physiology (1902)"".""With the discovery of hormones, Bayliss & Starling had found the internal command and control centers - and in this, their discovery was much larger than a new communication system. The mechanism of response and control was chemical: atoms and molecules. Now, with hormones, there was a mechanism for a living thing to regulate itself. Furthermore with hormones, an organism could not only be studied but also controlled from the outside... Never had the living body come closer to a machine, a self-regulating machine governed not only by physics but also chemistry. An not only a machine, but a machine that we human could willfully control. At the start of the new century, we still have not come to terms with the implications of this idea.""(Alan Lightman).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1902 B.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49356

‎"HEISENBERG, WERNER. - THE CONSTITUTION OF MANY-ELECTRON ATOMS.‎

‎Zur Quantentheorie der Multiplettstruktur und der anomalen Zeemaneffekte. (Eingegangen am 10. April 1925).‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925. Contemp. hcloth. In: ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel"", 32. Band. VI,951 pp., textillustr. (Entire volume offered). Heisenberg's paper: pp. 841-860. A stamp to title-page and front free endpaper. Interally clean.‎

‎First printing of Heisenberg's importent paper on the complex spectra of many-electron atoms, - the third paper Heisenberg submitted from Copenhagen on the Quantum Theory.""The paper on multiplet structure and anomalous Zeeman effects..., contained a complete discussion of the problem at that time. This paper had the blessing of Niels Bohr"" also Pauli, who was in Copenhagen when the paper was completed, agreed with its overall content. The central goal of the paper was to formulate what Bohr called 'the stress (constraint), which is not analogous to the action of external forces' and to derive quantitative conclusions from it."" (Mehra and Rechenberg ""The Historical development of Quantum Theory"", vol. 2, p. 201).The volume contains another importent paper in the history of Quantum Physics: W. BOTHE und H. GEIGER ""Über das Wesen des Comptoneffekts, ein experimenteller Beitrag zur Theorie der Strahlung"", pp. 639-663.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49362

‎"GRAHAM, THOMAS. - COINING THE WORD ""DIALYSIS"".‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - On Osmotic Force. Received June 15, - Read June 15, 1854.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1854). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1854, Vol. 144 - Part I. Pp. 177-228, 3 fine textillustrations in woodcut. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this importent paper in which Graham coins the word ""dialysis"" denoting the passage by diffusion of dissolved substances as a function of their concentration and molecular mass. In this way he further explained 'exomosis'.""Thomas Graham (1805-1869) studies diffusion in gases and solutions and discovers and names the phenomenon now known as the osmotic force. He finds that certain substances (i.e. glue) pass more slowly through membranes than others (i.e. common salt). He calls the former colloids and the latter crystalloids and introduces the notion of dialysis to describe these observations. The beginning of his famous lecture ""On osmotic force"" with illustrations is shown on the right.""(From Anders Gedeon ""Science and Technology in Medicine"", p. 244, where part of the first page and the illustrations from the offered paper, are shown).Garrison & Morton: 686 (""Investigation on osmotic force"" provided importent information for the physiologists"").‎

书商的参考编号 : 49408

‎"GRAHAM, THOMAS. - THE FOUNDATION OF COLLOID CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Liquid Diffusion applied to Analysis.‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1854). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1861, Vol. 151 - Part I. Pp. 183-224, textillustrations.‎

‎First printing of a groundbreaking paper in biochemistry and physiology, as Graham here introduced the distinction between colloidal and crystalloid substances by his method of separating animal and other fluids.""Although some isolated investigations on colloids had been carried out before Graham, his publications in this field laid the foundations of colloid chemistry. In ""On the Diffusion of Liquids,"" Graham applied to liquids the exact method of inquiry he had applied to gases twenty years before, and he succeeded in placing the subject of liquid diffusion on about the same footing as that to which he had raised the subject of gaseous diffusion prior to the discovery of his numerical law. He showed that the rate of diffusion was approximately proportional to the concentration of the original solution, increased with rise in temperature, and was almost constant for groups of chemically similar salts at equal absolute (not molecular) concentrations and different with different groups.""(DSB).Garrison & Morton: 688.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49415

‎"DALTON, JOHN. - THE REBIRTH OF THE ATOMIC THEORY.‎

‎Weitere Erörterung einer neuen Theorie über die Beschaffenheit gemischer Gasarten.‎

‎(Halle, Rengerschen Buchhandlung, 1803). Without wrappers as published in ""Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 13, Viertes Stück. Pp. 385-504 a. 1 engraved plate. (The entire issue offered). Dalton's paper: pp. 438-445.‎

‎First German version of one of the founding papers in which he formulated his famous gas laws and raised the foundation of the atomic theory in chemistry.Smyth ""John Dalton... A Bibliography"", No 29.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49442

‎THERSNER, ULRIC. - THE GRAND TOPOGRAPHY OF SWEDISH ROMANTICISM (SKÅNE).‎

‎Skånska Utsigter. Vue de Scanie. (Smudstitelbladet: Fordna och Närvarande Sverige. La Suède Ancienne et Moderne).‎

‎(Stockholm, 1816-23). Tvær-folio. (36 x 52,5 cm.). Samtidigt hldrbd. med rygforgyldning. Marmorerede permer. Lidt slidt ved øverste kapitæl. Mindre revne i nederste del af forreste fals. (Smudstitel, Dedikation til Kongen, Företal) pp. Graveret titelblad, Innehåll (2 blade), Prenumerationsblade (4) pp. samt 60 plancher i kobberstik eller aquatintetryk, tegnet af Thersner og graverede af S.H. Petersen eller C.F. Akrell. Med 60 blade beskrivende tekst (fra 1-4 pp. pr. planche). Med svensk/fransk parallelltekst. Plancherne forestiller vuer og herregårde. Enkelte marginale brunpletter, ellers et meget rent eksemplar med brede marginer.‎

‎Originaltrykket. Et ganske udmærket eksemplar af det første bind (omhandlende Skåne) af Thersners stort anlagte topografiske mesterværk, som udkom i 12 dele i årene 1816-67. Inspirationen til værket, som blev fortsat af hans datter Thora Thersner, fik han fra Dahlbergs Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna og fra Skjöldebrands Voyage Pittoresque au Cap Nord.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49448

‎"PASTEUR, LOUIS. - ANNOUNCING THE DISCOVERY OF ""MOLECULAR ASSYMETRY""‎

‎Mémoire sur la relation qui peut exister entre la forme cristalline et la composition chimique, et sur la cause de la polarisation rotatoire"" (Extrait). (Séance du Lundi 22 Mai 1848).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1848. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 26, No 21. Pp. (529-) 548. (Entire issue offered). Pasteur's paper: pp. 535-538. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of the announcement of Pasteur's momentous and revolutionary discovery of ""molecular assymetry"" and founding the science of Polarimetry.The discovery was first announced by Pasteur in may 1848 by the printing of the preliminary report of only 4 short pages, in order to establish priority (the paper offered). A more full exposition was published the same year in ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3me Series - Tome XXIV.""In 1848....Pasteur studied the crystals of tartrates (one of the substances that exhibited the now-clockwise, now-counterclockwise effect) under the microscope and found that the xcrystasls were mirror images of the others. The two crystals resemmbled each other as a right-hand glove resembles a left-hand glove....This was a revolutionary discovery and it took some courage to announce it. A few years before, the well-known chemist Mitscherlich had studies the same tartrate crystals and declared them all to be identical. Pasteur was only a twenty-sic-year-old unknown. neverthelless he announced his findings and went before Biot to repeat the separation ofthe crystals before the eyes of the aged authority in the field. Biot was convinced and Pasteur received the Rumford medal of the Royal Society for his work....Pasteur had thus founded the science of polarimetry in which the measurements of the manner in which the plane of polarized light was twisted could be used to help to determine the structure of organic substance, to follow various chemical reactions, and so on.""(Asimov). Leicester & Klickstein ""A Source Book of Chemistry"", p. 374-379).‎

书商的参考编号 : 49456

‎"SEMMELWEIS. IGNACE PHILIPPE. - THE DEBUT OF ASEPTIC.‎

‎Note sur la fièvre puerpérale et sur une cause qu’il regarde comme présidant très fréquemment au développement de la maladie. (Séance 21 février 1848).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1848. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 26, No 8. Pp. (233-) 264. (Entire issue offered). Semmelweis's paper: pp. 254-255. Clean and fine.‎

‎First French announcement of this epochal event in the history of medicine, the discovery of the etiology and prevention of childbed fever. First announce by Ferdinand von Hebra in December 1847, then followed (only 2 months) after by the French announcement.""Although Semmelweis's importent discoveries were made in the 1840s, he did not publish them immediately. The first printed reports of his findings were written by his collegues and were published in various German, French, or English Journals. Semmelweis himself gave three lectures before the Imperial and Royal Medical Society of Vienna in 1850 but did not publish his complete discussion of ""The etiology, concept, and prophylaxis of childbeed fever"" until 1861, having previously contributed several shorter accounts to Hungarian medical journals.""(Norman ""One Hundred Books famous in Medicine"", p. 265).Semmelweis demonstrated that puerperal fever (also known as childbed fever) was contagious and that this incidence could drastically be reduced by appropriate hand washing by medical care-givers. He made this discovery in 1847 while working in the Maternity Department of the Vienna Lying-in Hospital. His failure to convince his fellow doctors led to a tragic conclusion. However, he was ultimately vindicated. While employed as assistant to the professor of the maternity clinic at the Vienna General Hospital in Austria in 1847, Semmelweis introduced hand washing with chlorinated lime solutions for interns who had performed autopsies. This immediately reduced the incidence of fatal puerperal fever from about 10 percent (range 5-30 percent) to about 1-2 percent.Toward the end of 1847, accounts of Semmelweis's work began to spread around Europe. Semmelweis and his students wrote letters to the directors of several prominent maternity clinics describing their recent observations. Ferdinand von Hebra, the editor of a leading Austrian medical journal, announced Semmelweis's discovery in the December 1847 and April 1848 issues of the medical journal. Hebra claimed that Semmelweis's work had a practical significance comparable to that of Edward Jenner's introduction of cowpox inoculations to prevent smallpox.Garrison & Morton: 6275 (German version).‎

书商的参考编号 : 49472

‎"ARAGO, FRANCOIS - LOUIS DAGUERRE. - THE DAGUERREOTYPE.‎

‎Le Daguerréotype. (Seance du Lundi 19 Aout 1839). (+ Daguerre:) Des procédés photogéniques comme moyens de gravure - Lettre de M. Daguerre à M. Arago. (Séance du Lundi 20 Septembre 1839).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1839. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome IX, No. 8 a. 14. Pp. (249-) 282 a. pp. (417-) 436. Arago's rapport: Pp. 250-267 - Daguerre's letter: pp. 423-429. Both issues clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of the first official and complete report of the invention of the ""daguerreotype"", the photographic process invented by Louis Daguerre. The presentation by Arago preceeded Daguerre's own publication ""Historique de description des procédés du daguerreotype et du diorama"", (1839). Together with Daguerre's letter to Arago in which he relates the process of heliography and describes his contract with Niépce to exploit the heliogrphis process. The Heliogravure was invented by Niépce‎

书商的参考编号 : 49477

‎"MAREY, (ETIENNE JULES). - MAREY'S ""LAW OF THE HEART""‎

‎Loi qui préside à la fréquence des battements du coeur.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1861. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 53, No 3. Pp. (77-) 128. (Entire issue offered). Marey's paper: pp. 95-98. Faint marginal brownspots.‎

‎First printing of the paper in which Marey formulates the law, named after him and stating that heart rate is related inversely to arterial blood pressure.Marey contributed greatly to the development of experimental physiology. In 1860 he invented the modern sphygmograph, an instrument for recording the features of the pulse and variation in blood pressure on a graph. In 1861 he formulated Marey's law. He was the first to realize the relationship between blood pressure and heart rate.Garrison & Morton: 813.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49480

‎"MENDELÉEFF, D. (MENDELÉEV, MENDELEYEV, MENDELÉEFF). - THE DECISIVE CONFIRMATION OF MENDELEEV'S PERIODIC TABLE OFTHE ELEMENTS.‎

‎Remarque à propos de la découverte du gallium.‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1875. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 81, No 21. Pp. (909-) 992. With titlepage to vol. 81. Mendelejeff's paper: pp. 969-972. Titlepage lightly browned and with a punched stamp in lower margin. Otherwise clean and fine.‎

‎First apperance of this importent paper which established that Gallium is identical with Eka-aluminum (the missing element between Aluminum and Indium) in Mendelejeff's periodic table. The properties of the new element corresponded well with those predicted. A bitter contorversy was raised between the discoverer of Gallium, Lecog de Boisbaudran and Mendelejeff. ""The discovery of the three elements predicted by Mendeleev was, however, of decisive importance in the acceptance of his law. In 1875 Lecoq de Boisbaudran, knowing nothing of Mendeleev’s work, discovered by spectroscopic methods a new metal, which he named gallium. Both in the nature of its discovery and in a number of its properties gallium coincided with Mendeleev’s prediction for eka-aluminum, but its specific weight at first seemed to be less than predicted. Hearing of the discovery, Mendeleev sent to France ""Zametka po povodu otkrytia gallia"" (the paper offered) (""Note on the Occasion of the Discovery of Gallium""), in which he insisted that gallium was in fact his eka-aluminum. Although Lecoq de Boisbaudran objected to this interpretation, he made a second determination of the specific weight of gallium and confirmed that such was indeed the case. From that moment the periodic law was no longer a mere hypothesis, and the scientific world was astounded to note that Mendeleev, the theorist, had seen the properties of a new element more clearly than the chemist who had empirically discovered it. From this time, too, Mendeleev’s work came to be more widely known""(DSB).Parkinson Breakthroughs"" 1875 C.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49528

‎"PREECE, WILLIAM HENRY - THE EDISON EFFECT.‎

‎On a Peculiar Behaviour of Glow-Lamps raised to High Incandescence. (Received March 14, 1885).‎

‎London, Harrison and Sons, 1885. Later full buckram. Gilt lettering to spine. IX,506,XL pp., 1 plate, textillustr. (Entire volume offered). Preece's paper: pp. 219-230 with 6 large textillustrations. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of this importent paper in which Preece was the first to use the term ""Edison effect.""""In 1884 William Henry Preece, an official of the British General Post Office, was shown an experiment by Thomas Edison. Of this experiment Preece gave what appears to be the first printed account in a paper entitled 'On a Peculiar Behaviour of Glow-Lamps raised to High Incandescence' (the paper offered)... What Edison had demonstrated was that if a metal plate is sealed into an electric light bulb and joined to the positive end of the filament a considerable curent will pass. If the plate is joined to the negative terminal, however, no current will pass. This was known as the 'Edison effect' and in 1890 Fleming, an electrical engineer who had workes with the Edison Company in London and now was professor at University College, began a carefull study of this phenomenon in carbon filament lamps. In 1904 he was able to demonstrate that this occurred not only with electric waves but also with wireless waves. He thus introduced the basic principle of the modern wireless valve, which permits only unilateral conductivity.""(PMM No 396).Shiers & Shiers ""Early television"", No 186.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49594

‎"CURIE, (MARIE) SKLODOWSKA. - RADIATION IS AN ATOMIC PROPERTY - COINING THE TERM 'RADIOACTIVITY'‎

‎Rayons émis par les composés de l'uranium et de thorium. Presentée par M. Lippmann. Séance du Mardi 12 Avril 1898).‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1898. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 126, No 15). Entire issue offered. With htitle and titlepage to vol. 126. Pp. 1059-1110. Curie's paper: pp. 1101-1103. Clean and fine. A punched stamp in lower margin of title-page.‎

‎First printing of this milestone paper, being the first ""Note"" from Marie Curie about ""radioactivity"". This same ""Note"" contains a the fundamental observation: ""Two uranium ores... are much more active than uranium itself. This fact... leads one to believe that these ores may contain an element much more active than uranium."" This paper gives the first proof of the fact that radiation is an atomic property.""Henri Becquerel, discovered (1896) that uranium salts shielded from light for several months spontaneously emit rays related in their effects to Roentgen rays. Mme. Curie became enthusiastic about this subject filled with the unknown and, as she later acknowledged, involving no bibliographic research.The first step in the research was to determine whether there existed other elements capable, like uranium, of emitting radiation. Abandoning the idea of hyperfluorescence, couldn’t one calculate by electrical measurement the effects on the conductivity of air that were revealed by the gold-leaf electroscope? Pierre Curie and his brother Jacques had constructed an extremely sensitive apparatus to measure weak currents"" Mme. Curie employed it in testing both pure substances and various ores. In her first ""Note"" in the Comptes rendus""de l Académie des sciences (12 April 1898) she described the method that she followed throughout her life, the method that enabled her to make comparisons through time and crosschecks with other techniques:""I employed... a plate condenser, one of the plates being covered with a uniform layer of uranium or of another finely pulverized substance [(diameter of the plates, eight centimeters"" distance between them, three centimeters). A potential difference of 100 volts was established between the plates.]. The current that traversed the condenser was measured in absolute value by means of an electrometer and a piezoelectric quartz. In general she preferred the zero method, in which the operator compensates for the current created by the active material by manipulating the quartz. All of her students followed this procedure.""(DSB).The first results came in 1898: the measurements varied between 83 × 10-12 amperes for pitch blende to less than 0.3 × 10-12 for almost inactive salts, passing through 53 × 10-12 for thorium oxide and for chalcolite (double phosphate of uranium and copper). Thorium would thus be ""radioactive"" (the term is Mme. Curie’s" its radioactive properties were discovered at the same time, independently, by Schmidt in Germany.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49598

‎"FOURIER, (JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH). - THE PHYSICAL THEORY OF HEAT.‎

‎Questions Sur la Théorie-Physique de la Chaleur rayonnante.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1817. Contemp. hcalf. Spine with gilt lettering. Light scratching to spine In: ""Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie"" 2e Series, Tome 6. - 448,(4) pp. a. 2 engraved plates. (The entire volume offered). Fourier's paper: pp. 259-303. Internally clean and fine. Stamps on verso of title-page.‎

‎First apperance of this importent memoir in which Fourier gives an account of the Physical theory of heat conduction and radiation.""Fourier made observations on the heating power of the Sun and on night-time refrigeration. He conducted experiments on the heating and cooling of objects of different composition and shape, and on the transmission,absorption and reflection of radiant heat. He employed basic physical principles and formulated mathematical laws to explain and predict universal phenomena, such as ‘the progressive extinction of heat rays in the atmosphere."" (James R. Fleming).The volume contains other notable papers JOHN MURRAY ""Analyse de l'Eau de mer,et Observations sur l'analyse des sources salées"", first edition in French, MAGENDIE ""Mémoire sur Emploi de l'Acide prussique dans le traitement de plusieurs maladies de poitrine, et particulierement dans la phthisie pulmonaire"", by Leopol de Buch, Gay-Lussac etc. etc.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49605

‎"PROUT, WILLIAM. - COINING THE WORD ""MERORGANIZED""‎

‎Sur la Composiion des Substances alimentaires simples, etc.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1827. Contemp. hcalf. Gilt lettering on spine. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 2 Séries, Tome 36.. Entire volume offered. 448 pp. a. 1 folded engraved plate. Prout's paper: pp. 366-378. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎First French edition (simultaneously with the English original ""On the ultimate composition of simple alimentary substances"".."") of this milestone paper, containing the first scientific classifilassification of foodstuffs as carbonhydrates, fats, proteins, and water.""The brilliant demonstration in 1824 that the gastric juices of animals contains hydrochloric acid appeared incredible to many of Prout's contemporaries. Yet in 1827 (in the paper offered) they readily adopted his classification of foodstuffs into water, saccharinous (carbonhydrates), oleagineous (fats), and albuminous (proteins). Although Prout promised detailled analyses of the three organic aliments, only those of the saccharinous class were published by him. As a vitalist, Prout maintained that organized bodies (which were composed from organic substances) contained ""independent existing vital principles.""Under the influence of these teleological agents, the four aliments were transformed into blood and tissues. Prout termed the process of digestion and blood formation ""primary assimilation."" ""Secondary assimilation"" (Liebig's ""metamorphosis of tissues"") included both the process of tissue formmation from blood and the destruction and removal of unwanted parts from the animal system. The absorption and removal of water from processed aliments were the principal chemical features of chylification and sanguification, respectively. Organization of processed aliments could not occur, however, without the presence and admixture of minute amounts of water or of elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. In 1827 Prout coined the word (in the paper offered) ""merorganized"" to denote the isomerism and vitalization of organic substances by the presence of these incidental materials.""(DSB XI, p. 173). Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1827 C.The volume contains an importent pioneer-investigation on piezo-electricity by ANTOINE CÉSAR BECQUEREL ""De quelques Phénoménes électriques produits pa la pression et le clivage des cristaux"", pp. 265-271.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49625

‎"LIEBIG, JUSTUS von. - THE ETHER THEORY OF LIEBIG.‎

‎Mémoire sur la Constitution de l'Ether et de ses Combinaisons.‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1833. No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 2 Séries, Tome 55, Cahier 2. pp. 113-224. Entire issue offered. Liebig's paper: pp. 113-156. Scattered brownspots.‎

‎First appearance in French - the paper was published at the same time in ""Annalen der Pharmacie"" and in""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff""- of an importent paper on Radicals in which he regards alcohol as a hydrate of the ethyl radical and ether as the oxide of the ethyl radical. The paper is also relevant for the discovery and development of ether as an anaesthesia.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49628

‎"LE VERRIER (LEVERRIER), URBAIN JEAN JOSEPH. - PREPARING FOR, PREDICTING AND CONFIRMING THE EXISTENCE OF NEPTUNE.‎

‎Premier Mémoire sur la théorie d'Uranus. (Séance 10 Novembre 1845). (+) Recherches sur les mouvements d'Uranus. (Séance du Lundi 1er Juin 1846). (+) Sur la planète qui produit les anomalies observées dans le mouvement d'Uranus. Détermination de ...‎

‎Paris, Bachelier, 1845 a. 1846. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 21, No 19, Vol. 22, No 22, Vol. 23, Nos 9, 14, 16 a. 17. (6 entire issues offered). Le verrier's papers: pp. 1050-1055 (No 19), pp. 907-919 (no 22), pp. 428-438 (No 9), pp. 657-659, 659-643, 676 (No 14), pp. 741, 741-754, 754 (No 16), pp. 798-799, 799-800 (No 17). With title-pages to vol. 21,22 a. 23. Titlepages with a small stamp in upper corner and a perforated stamp to lower margin. Light yellowing to title-pages, otherwise clean and fine on good paper.‎

‎First printing of Le Verrier's importent and famous papers, predicting and confirming the discovery of the Planet Neptune, including the ""preparatory"" paper, the first paper on the anomalities in the orbit of Uranus, the calculations on which eventually leading to his prediction and discovery of a new planet, Neptune the following year, 1846.""In 1846 John Cauch Adams... and Urban J. Leverrier... simultaneously and independently determined the location of a possible new planet... In 1845 he wrote of his findings of the mathematical location of a new planet to Sir George Bidell Airy,,, Because Adams was unknown, his letter was put aside. Meanwhile the same perturbations of Uranus had become of interest to Leverrier. On July 1(should be June !), 1846 he presented a paper ""Recherches sur les mouvements d'Uranus"" to the Academie des Sciences inParis. When Airy realized that Leverrier and Adams had reached the same conclusions, he hastened to suggest that a search be made for the newplanert. Shortly hereafter it was seen bur not recognized. About a week before it was found in England, it was discovered by Galle in Berlin on information supplied by Leverrier. Thus, the honour of the discovery, or even co-discovery of the new planet, Neptune, was lost to Adams and credited to Leverrier.... Adams paper was reade before the Royal Astronomical Society, November 13, 1846, and was published in 1847. (Milestones p. 40).Milestones of Science No 132. - Dibner No. 16.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49635

‎"LEBESGUE, H. (HENRI LÉON) - REVOLUTIONIZING THE CALCULUS.‎

‎Sur une généralisation de l'intégrale dérfinie. Note de H. Lebesgue, présentée par M. Picard. (Séance du Lundi 29 Avril 1901).‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1901). 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 132, No 17. pp. (1013-) 1080. (Entire issue offered). Lebesgue's paper: pp. 1025-1028. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of Lebesgue's seminal paper on the calculus, which generalized the Riemann integral.""Building on the work of others, including that of Emile Borel and Camille Jordan, Lebesgue formulated the theory of measure in 1901 and in his famous paper Sur une generalisation de l'integrale definie, which appeared in the Comptes Rendus on 29 April 1901 (the paper offered), he gave the definition of the Lebesgue integral that generalises the notion of the Riemann integral by extending the concept of the area below a curve to include many discontinuous functions. This generalisation of the Riemann integral revolutionised the integral calculus. Up to the end of the 19th century, mathematical analysis was limited to continuous functions, based largely on the Riemann method of integration. There is a problem here, namely that a function which is not Riemann integrable may be represented as a uniformly bounded series of Riemann integrable functions. What made the new definition important was that Lebesgue was able to recognise in it an analytic tool capable of dealing with - and to a large extent overcoming - the numerous theoretical difficulties that had arisen in connection with Riemann's theory of integration.""‎

书商的参考编号 : 49675

‎CATHERINE THE GREAT (CATHERINE II) - CHURCH SLAVONIC RITUAL.‎

‎Church Slavonic/ Cyrrilic letters (On the Church and the Sacrements).‎

‎(City of the Regent (St. Petersburg), November 7303 (= 1795)). 4to. Contemp. full calf over wood, remains of clasps. The covers bent. A crack in the wood and leather on the backcover. 82 leaves (164 pp). Printed on thick paper, internally clean. A small nick to margin on the first leaf.‎

‎First edition of Catherine's Church Ritual for the Old Believers.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49686

‎"EULER, LEONHARD. - DEVELOPING THE TURBINE THEORY.‎

‎Recherches sur l'effet d'un machine hydraulique proposée par M. Segner, professeur à Goettingue. (Research concerning the effects of a hydraulic machine proposed by M. Segner, professor at Gottingen)‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1752). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome VI, Année 1750. Pp. 311-354 and 5 folded engraved plates.‎

‎First edition. In this importent paper Euler perfection Segner's hydraulic turbine, giving the theory of hydraulic turbines created in accordence with the principle of action and reaction.""In this work, Euler gives a complete hydraulic analysis, an early example of the theory of relative motion. He also shows that very high speeds are necessary for good efficiency. He argues that ""by means of fixed conducting tubes, adjust the incoming velocity of the water so that the speed of efflux relative to the rotor is zero"" in this way, the theorietical efficiency will be 100% at the desired speed of operation.""""(Truesdell).Enestroem: 179.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49696

‎"LOEB, JACQUES. - ""TROPISM"" AS THE BASIS OF PSYCHOLOGY.‎

‎Einleitung in die vergleichende Gehirnphysiologie und vergleichende Psychologie. Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Wirbellosen Thiere. Mit 39 Abbildungen.‎

‎Leipzig, arth, 1899. Contemp. hcalf. Gilt spine with gilt lettering. (8),207,(2) pp. Stamp on foot of title-page and on last page. Inernally fine and clean.‎

‎First edition of a main work on the the physiology of the nerves in the lower animals. Loeb founded the theory of ""tropism"" as the basis of the psychology of the lower forms of life and he became the apostle of the mechanistic conceptions in biology.Loeb became one of the most famous scientists in America, widely covered in newspapers and magazines. He was the model for the character of Max Gottlieb in Sinclair Lewis's Pulitzer-winning novel Arrowsmith, the first great work of fiction to idealize and idolize pure science. Mark Twain also wrote an essay titled ""Dr. Loeb's Incredible Discovery"", which urges the reader not to support a rigid general consensus, but instead be open to new scientific advances.Loeb was nominated many times for the Nobel Prize but never won. - Garrison & Morton: 1428.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49746

‎EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - THE EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE.‎

‎Lichtsgeschwindigkeit und Statik des Gravitationsfeldes (&) Zur Theorie des statischen Gravitationsfeldes"‎

‎(Leipzig, Barth),1912. 8vo. No wrappers. In: ""Annalen der Physik IV, Bd. 38"", No 7. Pp.249-472 a. 3 plates. (Entire issue offered). Einstein's papers: pp. 355-369 and pp. 443-458. Clean and fine.‎

‎Both papers in first edition, and they are considered as the first appearance of a Nonlinear Field Equation for Gravitation. ""Einstein published two remarkable memoirs in 1912 which were efforts to construct a complete theory of gravitation incorporating the equivalence principle. In these memoirs Einstein supposed that the gravitational field can be characterized completely by one function, the local speed of light, analogous to the Newtonian description, where only the gravitational potential appears. By an extraordinary argument he extended the potential equation of Newton...In his second Memoir in 1912, he used the equivalence principle to show the influence of a static gravitational field on electromagnetic and thermal processes."" (DSB IV p.320 ff). - Weil No. 47 and 48.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49779

‎"SEUTTER, GEORG MATTHÄUS. - SCANDINAVIA AND THE BALTIC.‎

‎Synopsis Plagae septemtrionalis sive Sueciae Daniae et Norvegiae Regn.‎

‎(Wien, ca. 1730) (49x58,5 cm.). Kobberstukket, håndkoloreet Skandinavienskort med Estland, Letland, Litauen og det vestlige Rusland. Velbevaret indrammet under glas i fin ramme af brun birketræsfiner. Håndkolorereingen en smule svag.‎

‎Kortet er fra Seutter's ""Atlas Novus"", som blev udgivet 1730-35.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49794

‎"SMOLUCHOWSKI, MARIAN. - WHY IS THE SKY BLUE ?‎

‎Molekular-kinetische Theorie der Opaleszenz von Gasen im kritischer Zustande. sowie einiger verwandter Erscheinungen. (Kinetic Theory of Gas Opalescence at the Critical State). (Bearbeitet nach einer am 2. December 1907 der Krakauer Akademie vorgelegt...‎

‎(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth), 1908 No wrappers. In: ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Hrsg. von W. Wien und M. Planck."", Vierte Folge. Band 25, No 2. Pp. 185-376. The entire issue offered. Smoluchowski's paper: pp. 206-226The block is punched in inner margins after cords.‎

‎First German edition. ""His paper ""Teoria kinetyczna opalescencji gazów w stanie krytycznym"" (""kinetic Theory of Gas Opalescence at the Critical Stale"" 1907) - the paper offered in the German version - shows why the critical point plays such an important role and states that the opalescence of pure gas also should be observable under normal conditions: ""Each of us has observed it innumerable times when admiring the blue of the sky or the glow of the rising sun."" Smoluchowski combined the theory of fluctuations with the results of Lord Rayleigh’s researches on the blue of the sky" his finding (Einstein also took part in the discussion) was that the blueness of the sky was caused by fluctuations in the density of the air. Smoiuchowski’s laboratory production of sky blue closed the investigation to a certain extent.that pure air can opalesce in the laboratory under normal conditions.‎

书商的参考编号 : 49835