‎Tea‎

‎"FARADAY, (MICHAEL). - ON THE DISCOVERY OF ELECTOMAGNETIC INDUCTION.‎

‎(Lettré) A M. Gay-Lussac. Institution royale, Ier décembre 1832. (The letter ""On Magneto-electric Induction"").‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1832. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Light wear along edges. Stamps to verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 2e Series, vol. 51. (Entire volume offered). 448 pp. a. 1 folded engraved plate. Faraday's letter: pp. 404-434. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of Faraday's famous letter to Gay-Lussac in which he claim to be the discoverer of electro-magnetic induction, analysed the results of the Italian philosophers, pointing out their errors, and defending himself from what he regarded as imputations on his character. The style of this letter is unexceptionable, for Faraday could not write otherwise than as a gentleman"" but the letter shows that had he willed it he could have hit hard. The letter was later translated into English and published in ""Philosophical Magazine"" in 1840 under the title ""On Magneto-electric Induction"".""In 1831, seemingly out of nowhere, came the discovery of electromagnetic induction and the beginning of the experimental researches in electricity which were to lead Faraday to the discovery of the laws of electrochemistry, specific inductive capacity, the Faraday effect, and the foundations of classical field theory."" (DSB). The volume contains further importent papers by AMPÈRE ""Note sur une Experience de Hippolyte Pixii, relative au Courant produit par la Rotation d'un aimant, à l'aide dün appareil imagine par M. Hippolyte Pixii"", WÖHLER et LIEBIG ""recherches sur le Radical de l'Acide benzoique"" and ""Lettre de M. Berzelius sur le Benzoyle et l'Acide benzoique"", papers by Strohmeyer, Gay-Lussac, Dutrochet, Boussingault, BERZELIUS ""Sur le Bleu de Prusse et le Cyanoferrure de plomb"" etc. etc.‎

Bookseller reference : 47933

‎"LEWIS, C.I. (CLARENCE IRVING). - ""THE LOGIC OF STRICT IMPLICATIONS""‎

‎A Survey of Symbolic Logic.‎

‎Berkeley, University of California Press, 1918. Royal8vo. Orig. full cloth. Stamps on foot of titlepage. VI,406,(4) pp., textfigs. From the library of the Danish logician and philosopher Jørgen Jørgensen with his name on front free endpaper. Some pencil underlinings by Jørgensen.‎

‎First edition of a main textbook in modern symbolic logic and having an interesting provenance as the copy has belonged to the Danish logician Jørgen Jørgensen.""Modern interest in modal Logic begins with the work of C.I. Lewis, first published in book form in his 'Survey of Symbolic Logic' of 1918. This theory is commonly called the logic of strict implication, because it was originally put forward in opposition to an account of implication which Lewis thought mistaken.""(Kneale and Kneale ""The Development of Logic"" 1962, p. 548 ff.).‎

Bookseller reference : 47987

‎"HEISENBERG, WERNER. - THE CONSTITUTION OF MANY-ELECTRON ATOMS.‎

‎Zur Quantentheorie der Multiplettstruktur und der anomalen Zeemaneffekte. (Eingegangen am 10. April 1925).‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925. Contemp. hcloth. Gilt lettering to spine. In: ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel"", 32. Band. VI,951 pp., textillustr. (Entire volume offered). Heisenberg's paper: pp. 841-860. A small erased stamp on titlepage leaving two small holes, no loss of text. Internally clean.‎

‎First appearance of Heisenberg's importent paper on the complex spectra of many-electron atoms, - the third paper Heisenberg submitted from Copenhagen on the Quantum Theory.""The paper on multiplet structure and anomalous Zeeman effects..., contained a complete discussion of the problem at that time. This paper had the blessing of Niels Bohr"" also Pauli, who wasin Copenhagen when the paper was completed, agreed with its overall content. The central goal of the paper was to formulate what Bohr called 'the stress (constraint), which is not analogous to the action of external forces' and to derive quantitative conclusions from it."" (Mehra and rechenberg ""The Historical development of Quantum Theory"", vol. 2, p. 201).The volume contains another importent paper in the history of Quantum Physics: W. BOTHE und H. GEIGER ""Über das Wesen des Comptoneffekts, ein experimenteller Beitrag zur Theorie der Strahlung"", pp. 639-663.‎

Bookseller reference : 48025

‎"FRANCK, J. und G. HERTZ. - PROVING THE QUANTIZED MODEL OF THE BOHR ATOM AND PLANCK'S QUANTUM THEORY.‎

‎Über Zusammenstösse zwischen Elektronen und den Molekülen des Quecksilberdampfes und die Ionisierungsspannung desselben. (+) Über die Erregung der Quecksilberresonanzlinie 253,6 (u,u) durch Elektronenstösse.‎

‎Braunschweig, Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, 1914. Lex8vo. Contemp hcloth, gilt spine. Lower spine end a bit frayed, otherwise very fine. In: ""Verhandlungen der deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft im Jahre 1914"", 16. Jahrgang. IX,1072 pp. Franck & Hertz' papers: pp. 457-467 a. 512-517, textillustr. Fine and clean.‎

‎First apperance of the famous Franck-Hertz Experiment which is considered as a new and independent support, not only of Planck's quantum theory and Einstein's light-quantum hypothesis but also of Bohr's theory of the atom with stationary states of discrete energies.Franck and Hertz were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1925 for this work and Franck concluded his Nobel lecture with the words ""We know only to well that we owe the wide recognition that our work received to contact with the great concepts and ideas of M. Planck and in particular Niels Bohr.""""In their famous experiments, Franck and Hertz' showed that electrons could impart energy to a mercury atom only if they had a kinetic energy exceeding 4.9 ev., and that exactly this quantum of energy was taken up by the mercury atom, causing it to emit light of the resonance line Å 2537. It was the first direct proof of the quantized nature of the energy transfer and of the connection of the quantum DeltaE of energy with the frequency p = DeltaE/h of the light emitted as the result of the transfer. These experiments are rightly regarded as the first decisive proof of the reality of the quantized energy levels that had just been postulated by Niel’s Bohr..."" (DSB).See: Siegmund Brandt ""The Harevest of a Century. Discoveries of Modern Physics in 100 Episodes"", Episode 25, The Franck-Hartz Experiment (1914), pp. 102-104.The volume contains another importent paper ALBERT EINSTEIN ""Beiträge zur Quantentheorie"", pp. 820-828. First edition. ""In this paper.... two considerations are given which are interrelated by a common goal, inasmuch as it is attempted to derive two of the most importent achievementss of quantum theory, viz. Planck's radiation law and Nernst's third law of thermodynamics, in a new manner. The proofs do not involve Boltzmann's equation and are thus based enterely on macroscopic thermodynamics. They do introduce, however, the quantum hupothesis. (Einstein points out that the alleged 'proofs' which try to derive the theorem of Nernst from the mere fact that the heat capacity of all substances goes to zero at absolute zero temterature, are not genuine)."" (Cornelius Lanczos).Weil No 67.‎

Bookseller reference : 48028

‎"AMPÈRE, ANDRÉ-MARIE. - ""ONE OF THE MOST CELEBRATED MEMOIRS IN THE HISTORY OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY""‎

‎Mémoire sur une nouvelle Expérience électrodynamique, sur son application à la formule qui représente l'action mutuelle de deux élemend de conducteurs voltaïques, et sur de nouvelles conséquences déduites de cette formule. (Lu à l'Academie royale de...‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1825. 8vo. Bound in 2 uniform later hcloth. Gilt lettering to spines. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 29 a. 30. - 448 pp. and 3 folded engraved plates + 448 pp. and 2 folded engraved plates. (The entire volumes offered). Ampère's papers: pp. 381-404 (tome 29) + Suite pp. 29-41 (tome 30) + ""Lettre à Gerhardi"": pp. 373-381 (tome 29). Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎First appearance of this famous memoir, in which Ampère presented his collected results on electrodynamics to the French Academy, creating the foundation of 19th century developments in electricity and magnetism. In the words of James Clark Maxwell, ""We can scarcely believe that Ampère really discovered the law of action by means of the experiments which he describes. We are led to suspect, what, indeed, he tells us himself, that he discovered the law by some process which he has not shown us, and that when he had afterwards built up a pefect demonstration he removed all traces of the scaffolding by which he raised it.""The offered memoir was published BEFORE the famous ""Theorie mathématique des phénomènes électro-dynamiques uniquement déduite de L'expérience"", which did not appear until 1827. That 1827-Memoire incorporates, together with a new presentation of Ampère's results from 1820, 1822, 1823, the offered memoir (1825). (Horblit: 100 - Dibner: 62).""From 1814 until 1820 Ampére did not perform the kind of research that would have made it into the annals of the histrory of science, but on September 11, 1820 when he heard Francois Arago speak about Oersted's work, he got fresh inspiration and started the work that made him famous. Arago related how Oersted had found that a steady electric current influences the orientation of a compass needle. After a weak Ampère had determined experimentally that that two straight, parallel, and current-carrying, wires execute a force on each other. The magnitude of the force is inversely proportional to the distance between the wires and proportional to the strenghts of the current..... During the following years he continued his researches, both experimentally and theoretically. he built an instrument for measuring electricity that later was developed into the galvanometer. Finally in 1825 he presented his collected results to the Academy IN ONE OF THE MOST CELEBRATED MEMOIRS IN THE HISTORY OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY (The paper offered)."" (Citizen's Compendium, p. 2). - Norman No 47.The volumes contain many other notable papers by: Wöhler, Fresnel, Marcet, Berzelius, Felix Savart, De la Rive, Braconnet, Boussingault, Magnus, Poncelet, Vaugelin, Poisson, Gay-Lussac, Faraday, Laplace etc.‎

Bookseller reference : 48082

‎"WÖHLER, F. et J. LIEBIG. - THE DISCOVERY OF ""EMULSIN"" A MAIN WORK IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.‎

‎Sur la Formation de l'Huile d'Amandes amères. (+) Emploi d'un nouveau Médicament en place des Waux distillées du Laurier-Cerise ou d'Amandes amères, proposé par.. F. Woehler et J. Liebig.‎

‎Paris, Crochard et Comp., 1837. Orig. printed wrappers. No backstrip. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 64, Cahier 2 (Fevrier 1837). Pp. 113-224. (Entire issue offered with printed wrappers.). Wöhler a. Liebig's papers: pp. 185-209 a. pp. 209-217.‎

‎First appearance of this classic paper in organic chemistry in which Wöhler and Liebig showed how Amygdalin could be decomposed by a vegetable emulsion, the first example of a glycoside. The papers were issued at the same time in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie"".""The conclusions which you have drawn from the investigation of bitter-almond oil,"" wrote Berzelius to Liebig and Wöhler, ""are certainly the most importent which have so far been reached in the domain of vegetable chemistry, and give promise of shedding an unexpected light over this part of the science...The facts which you have set forth inspire such reflections that they may be regarded as the dawn of a new day in vegetable chemistry.""(Berzelius-Wöhler Briefwechsel).""During the years that Liebig was preoccupied with the ether theory and with organic acids, he also carried out two importent investigations with Wöhler. In october 1836 Wöhler wrote that he had discovered a way to transform amygdalin to oil of bitter almonds and hydrocyanid acis, by distilling it with manganese and sulfuric acid, and he invited Liebig to join in pursuing the topic. Two days later he made a more remarkable discovery. It had occurred to him that perhaps thetransformation of amygdalin could be effected by the albumin in the almonds, in a manner similar to the action of yeast in sugar...Wöhler suspected that the decomposition was an example of what Berzelius had recently defined as catalysis. Liebig and Wöhler then divided up the detailed examination of the properties and composition of amygdalin. They precipitated from the emulsion of almonds a substance which when dissolved retain its action. They named the active substance ""emulsion"". Its effectiveness in very small quantities confirmed that it acted like yeast.""(DSB VIII, p. 342).‎

Bookseller reference : 48086

‎"PASTEUR, (LOUIS) et (JULES) JOUBERT - THE FIRST DOCUMENTED DISCOVERY OF AN ANTIBIOTIC.‎

‎Charbon et septicémie.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1877. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 85, No 3. Pp. (101-) 168. (Entire issue offered). Pasteur & Joubert's paper: pp. (101-) 115.‎

‎First appearance of one of the founding papers in the realm of antibiotics, being the discovery of ""Vibrion septique"" (Cl. septicum), the first pathogenic anaerobe to be found. ""Pasteur and Joubert were probably the first to realize the practical implications of antibiosis. They noted the antagonism between Bacillus anthracis and other bacteria cultures (in the paper offered)""(Garrison & Morton: No. 1932.1 and 2490).‎

Bookseller reference : 48136

‎"PASTEUR, (LOUIS). - THE DOWNFALL OF THE THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION - PMM 336 (b)‎

‎Expériences relatives aux générations dites spontanées. (+) De l'origine des ferments. Nouvelles expériences relatives aux générations dites spontanées. (+) Nouvelles expériences relatives aux générations dites spontanées. (+) Suite à une précédente c...‎

‎(Paris, Mallet-Bachelier), 1860. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 50, No 6 a. No 19, Tome 51, No 10 a. No 19. (4 entire issues offered). Pasteur's papers: pp. 303-307, 849-854 (tome 50), pp. 348-352, 675-678 (tome 51).‎

‎First appearance of the suite of the 4 groundbreaking papers marking the downfall of the theory of spontaneous generation, and all of Pasteur's later work in this field can be seen as an extension, elaboration, and defence of the principles and methods set forth here. It is from these conclusions all modern bacteriology and immunology have developed. Pasteur was awarded the Zecker Price 1861 for these discoveries. ""Pasteur's publications on the subject of spontaneous generation consists chiefly of communications to the Academy of Sciences in Paris and published in abstracts in the Comptes rendus... (the paper offered)... In these communication he dealt with the collection and demonstration of erms in the air, the origin of ferments, the distribution of germs in nature, and many other questions. These reports were finally expanded in his famous ""Memoire sur les corpuscules organisés qui existent dans l'atmosphere. Examen de la doctrine de génerations spontanées"", which was published in 1861. (Bullocdh ""The History of Bacteriology"", p. 96).Printing and the Mind of Man No, 336 (b) - Garrison & Morton No. 2474.‎

Bookseller reference : 48140

‎"BELL, ALEXANDER GRAHAM. - THE PHOTOPHONE AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS.‎

‎Sur l'application du photophone à l'étude des bruits qui ont lieu à la surface solaire. Note présentée par M. Janssen au nom de Alex. Graham Bell.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1880. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 91, No 18. Pp.(698-) 736. (Entire issue offered). Bell's paper: pp. 726-727.‎

‎First printing of the paper in which Bell speculates how his and Tainter's invention of the Photophone or Radiophone could have a wider use. He pondered the photophone's possible scientific use in the spectral analysis of artificial light sources, stars and sunspots. He later also speculated on its possible future applications, though he did not anticipate either the laser or fiber-optic telecommunications:""Can Imagination picture what the future of this invention is to be!.... We may talk by light to any visible distance without any conduction wire.... In general science, discoveries will be make by the Photophone that are undreamed of just now."" Not long after its invention laboratories within the Bell System continued to improve the photophone in the hope that it could supplement or replace expensive conventional telephone lines. Its earliest non-experimental use came with military communication systems during World War I and II, its key advantage being that its light-based transmissions could not be intercepted by the enemy.‎

Bookseller reference : 48148

‎"FRANCK, J. und G. HERTZ. - THE FRANCK-HERTZ EXPERIMENTS, NOBEL PRIZE 1926.‎

‎Über Zusammenstösse zwischen Elektronen und den Molekülen des Quecksilberdampfes und die Ionisierungsspannung desselben. (+) Uber die Erregung der Quicksilberresonanzlinie 256,6 (u u) durch Elektronenstösse.‎

‎Braunschweig, Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, 1914. No wrappers. In: ""Verhandlungen der deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft im Jahre 1914. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel"", 16. jahrgang, Nr. 10 a. 11. Pp. (437-) 494 a. (495-) 566. (Entire issues offered). With titlepage to 16. Jahrgang. The papers: pp. 457-467 a. pp. 512-517, 2 textillustr.‎

‎First apperance of these two groundbreaking papers constituting the famous ""Franck-Hertz Experiments"" giving the first experimental determination of Planck's constant not using blackbody radiation.""Thus, the experiments by Franck and hertz were later considered as a new and independent support not only of Planck's quantum theory and Einstein's light-quantum hypothesis, but also of Bohr's theory of the atom with sationary states of discrete energies. In 1926 Franck and Hertz were awardedthe Nobel prize for 1925.""(Siegmund Brandt ""The Harvest of a century"", Episode 25, p. 102).The Nobel Prize were given ""for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom"".‎

Bookseller reference : 48162

‎"PASTEUR, L. (LOUIS). - THE ""DISEASES"" OF WINE‎

‎Études sur les vins. Première partie: De l'influence de l'oxygene de l'air dans la vinification. (+) Deuxiéme partie: Des altérations spontanées ou maladies des vins, particulièrement dans le Jura.‎

‎(Paris, Mallet-Bachelier), 1863 a. 1864. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 57, No 23 a. Tome 58, No 3. Pp. (925-) 964 a. pp. (141- 180. (2 entire issues offered). Pasteur's paper: pp. 936-942 a. 142-150 and 1 engraved plate (Maladies des Vins - leurs Fermets..).‎

‎First appearance of these famous papers initiating Pasteur's renowned studies on wine and its ""diseases"", being his most importent papers on wine.""In December 1863 Pasteur published the first of the papers that culminated in his Études sur le vin (1866"" 2nd ed. 1873). In that first paper, dealing with the role of atmospheric oxygen in vinification, he sought to establish that the aging of wine resulted from the slow penetration of atmospheric oxygen through the porous wook casks into which new wine was decanted. By virtue of this slow oxidation, he claimed, new wine grows less harsh and acid to the taste as it becomes clearer and lighter from the to the taste as it becomes clearer and lighter from the precipation of dark coloring matters. In his second paper (January 1864) Pasteur examined the ""alterations"" or ""diseases of wine, especially wine from the Jura, his native department. Reviewing the familiar disease of ""turned,"" ""acid"" ""ropy"" or ""oily "" wine, he associated each with a microscopic organism. He summarized the results of his first two papers by nothing that ""wine, which is proudced by a cellular vegetation acting as a ferment [namely, yeast], is altered only by the influence of other vegetations of the same order"" and once removed from the effects of their parasitism, it is made or matured principally by the action of atmospheric oxygen penetrating slowly through the staves of the casks.""(DSB).‎

Bookseller reference : 48186

‎"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - COINING THE WORDS ELECTRODE, ANODE, CATHODE, ION, ANION, AND CATION.‎

‎Fünfte Reihe von Experimental-Untersuchungen über Elektricität. 11. Von der elektrochemischen Zerasetzung.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1834. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Spine slightly rubbed. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 32 (= 2. Reihe, Bd. 2). VIII,666 pp. a. 5 folded lithographed plates. (Entire volume offered). Faraday's paper: pp. 401-453 a. 1 lithographed plate. Stamp to verso of titlepage and verso of plates. Clean and fine, printed on good paper.‎

‎First appearance in German - prepared by Faraday himself for publication in Annalen - of an importent historical paper in chemistry and physics in which Faraday reexamines some of his earlier views on electro-chemical decomposition and critizises in detail the theories of Grotthuss, Davy, Riffault and Chompré, Biot, De la Rive and Hachette. Here Faraday's give coins the names, still in use, for several electrical phenomena.""For his next series of researches (the paper offered), Faraday reverted to subjects which had been among the first to attract him as an apprentice attending Davy's lectures"" the voltaic pile, and the relation of electricity to chemistry......To test the doctrine (of Davy and De La Rive) of the influence of terminals, Faraday moistened a piece of paper in a saline solution, and supported it in the air on wax, so as to occupy part of the interval between two needle points which were connected with an electric machine...under these circumstances it was found thet the salt underwent decomposition......Since in this case no metallic terminals of any kind were in contact with the solution it was evident that all hypotheses which attributed decomposition to the action of the terminals were untenable...many of the perplexities which had harassed the older theories were at once removed when the phenomena were regarded from Faraday's point of view.""(Whittaker).""Faraday's paper, 'on electrochemical decompositions, is mostly a review and criticism of earlier theories of electrolysis and the statement of his own theory tat: 'electr-chemical decomposition does not depend upon any direct attraction and repulsion of the poles (meaning thereby the metallic terminations either of the voltaic battery, or ordinary electrical machine arrangements).' Decomposition occurs on pieces of paper not directly connected with the poles of an electrical machine, the silent discharge passing throug the air."" (Partington IV:p. 115).From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).‎

Bookseller reference : 48202

‎"VILLARD, P. (PAUL ULRICH). - THE DISCOVERY OF GAMMA RAYS AND GAMMA RADIATION.‎

‎Sur la réflexion et la réfraction des rayons cathodiques et des rayons déviables du radium. (+) Sur le rayonnement du radium.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1900). 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 130, No 15 a. No 18. Pp. (962-) 1044 a. pp. (1145-) 1220. Entire issues offered. Stamp on first pages. A few tears to margins. Poor paperquality, fragile. Villard's papers: pp. 1010-1012 a. 1178-1182, textillustrations.‎

‎First apperance of Villard's two papers in which he announced and described the discovery of a new type of radiation more powerfull and penetrating than alpha-and beta rays. The new type of rays was named by Rutherford as gammarays.""His (Villard)experiments in radioactivity led to the unexpected discovery of gamma rays in 1900. Villard recognized them as being different from x rays because the gamma rays had a much greater penetrating depth. He had discovered they were emitted from radioactive substances and were not affected by electric or magnetic fields. These came to be called gamma rays by another scientist, Ernest Rutherford. It wasn't until 1914 that Rutherford showed that they were a form of electromagnetic (EM) like light only with a much shorter wavelength than x rays. Now we know that gamma rays are a form of EM radiation similar to x rays. Gamma rays tend to have a higher energy and a shorter wavelength than x rays do. However, the dividing line between these two forms of radiation is not clearly defined. Scientists typically apply the term gamma ray to EM radiation with energies above several hundred thousand electron volts."" (Hps - Healt Physics Society). - See Sigmund Brandt ""The Harevst of a Century"", Episode 6, p. 24 ff.).The issues contains other importent papers HENRI BECQUEREL ""Note sur la transmission du rayonnement du radium au travers des corps"", pp. 979-984 and ""Sur la transparance de l'aluminium pour le rayonnement du radium"", pp. 1154-57. P. CURIE et G. SAGNAC ""Électrisation négative des rayons secondaires produits au moyen des rayons de Röntgen"", pp. 1013-1016.‎

Bookseller reference : 48207

‎"MARIGNAC, C. (JEAN CHARLES). - THE DISCOVERY OF THE RARE EARTH YTTERBIUM.‎

‎Sur l'ytterbine, nouvelle terre contenue dans la gadolinite.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1878. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 87, No 17. Pp. (570-) 616. (Entire issue offered). Marignac's paper: pp. 578-581.‎

‎First apperance of the paper relating Marignac's discovery of the rare earth Ytterbium (Ytterbia).""He began his study of the rare earths in 1840, when he was barely twenty-three years old. According to P.T. Cleve, ""Marignac's work on the rare earths is undoubtedly the most importent in this particular department of chemistry"". In 1878 marignac heated some erbium nitrate obtained from gadolinite until it decomposed. When he extracted the resulting mass with water, he obtained two oxides: a red one, for which he retained the name Erbia, and a colorless one, which he named Ytterbia."" (Weeks ""The Discovery of the Elements"").Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1878 C‎

Bookseller reference : 48210

‎"L'HÔSPITAL, (GUILLAUME FRANÇOIS ANTOINE) MARQUIS DE. - CARTESIAN GEOMETRY APPLIED TO THE CONIC SECTIONS.‎

‎Traité Analytique des Sections Coniques et de leur Usage pour la Resolution des Equations dans les Problêmes tant déterminez qu'indéterminez. Ouvrage Posthume.‎

‎Paris, Jean Boudot et Jean Boudet fils, 1707. 4to. Contemporary full calf. A bit of cracking to front hinges, so that cords are seen, but cover not loosening. Spine with 6 raised bands, richly gilt compartments. Wear to top of spine. Two small old paperlabels, one to upper compartment, one to frontcover. Covers slightly rubbed. (4),459,(5) pp. Large woodcut vignette on titlepage, 2 other vignettes, one engraved , one in woodcut. 32 folded engraved plates and one smaller folded plate (Fig. A). An old owners stamp on flyleaf. Internally clean and fine. A few tiny brownspots. Wide-margined and printed on good paper.‎

‎Scarce first edition of l'Hôspital's second book - his second successfull textbook - the manuscript of which was left completed at his death in 1704. His first book ""Analyse des infiniment petits pour l’intelligence des lignes courbes"", 1696 was the first textbook of the differential calculus, and his name lives on in the name of the rule for finding the limiting value of a fraction whose numerator and denominator tend to zero. His mathyematical teacher was Jean Bernoulli.The year in which Newton published the anti-Cartesian ""Arithmeticus"" there appeared in France a conspicuously successfull textbook on Cartesian geometry along the lines of that of Guisnée. This was the ""Traité Analytique des Sections Coniques"".... a book which contains less original material than that of Guisnée, but which is more extensive and closer to the modern manner of treatment. The work had been intended for publication at the time the authors famous calculus textbook appeared in 1696, but l'Hospital's illness apparently led to delay and it appeared posthumously in 1707. It is Cartesian in emphasis and although it consists of but one volume, follows generally the tripartite plan of Lahire and Ozanam: first an algebraic quasi-analytic treatment of the Conic Sections along the lines of Apollonian theory"" then an analytic study of the loci, and finally a long section on the customary construction by conics of the roots of cubic and quartic polynominal equations... LHospital sometimes used two axes and seems to have recognized the interchangeability of these, but he betrays some hesitation... In general, L'Hospital (like Descartes) was more interested in analytic geometry as a measure of ecpressing loci algebraivcally than as a method of deriving the properties of a curve from its equation."" (Carl B. Boyer ""History of Analytic geometry"", pp. 150-154.‎

Bookseller reference : 48217

‎"MITSCHERLICH, EILHARD. - THE LAW OF ISOMORPHISM ANNOUNCED.‎

‎Sur la Relation qui existe entre la forme cristalline et les proportions chimiques. IIe Memoire sur les Arséniates et les Phsophates. (Traduit, par l'Auteur lui-même, des Mèmoires de l'Academie royale des Sciences de Stockholm, pour l'an 1821, tome I.).‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1821. Without wrappers. In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Volume 19, Cahier 4. Titlepage to vol. 19. Pp. 337-442 a. 2 folded plates. (Entire issue offered). Mitscherlich's paper: pp. 350-419. 2 large folded engraved plates (crystalforms). A few minor brownspots.‎

‎First French edition - in the authors own form and translation - of Mitcherlich's announcment of his discovery of Isomorphism, stating that similar crystalline form reflect analogous chemical formulae, which Berzelius used in fixing the formulas of compounds. Mitcherlich was at this time an assistent to Berzelius, and the first printing of this classical paper appeared the same year in Akad. Handl., Stockholm. The paper was soon afterward printed in French (the paper offered) and English, and Berzelius discussed it in his ""Jahresbericht"", so that the work quickly became known. - Leicester & Klickstein pp. 306-08.""The statement of the law of isomorphism...marks Mitscherlich's most importent contribution to chemistry - indeed, Berzelius considered Mitscherlich's discovery to be the most significant since that of chemical proportions. Berzelius himself found Mitscherlich's work to be of great use"" he was at that time concerned with the determination of the atomic weights of the elements amd the law of isomorphism provided him with a valuable tool....Berzeluius' task was simplified by the application of Mitscherlich's law...""(DSB IX, p. 424).‎

Bookseller reference : 48230

‎"KELLER, FERDINAND - THE ""APPEARANCE"" OF PFAHLBAUTEN (THE STAKE BUILDINGS) IN SWITZERLAND.‎

‎Die keltischen Pfahlbauten in den Schweizerseen. (Erster-) Achter Bericht.‎

‎Zürich, Meyer und Zeller, (1854-) 1879. 4to. Contemporary halfcalf. Gilt spine, gilt letterinf. Fronthinge weakening. 1. Bericht (title without year): pp. (66-) 100 - 2.: pp. (110-) 155 - 3.: X,(73-) 116 - 4.: 34,(2) pp. - 5.: (4),(131-) 188 pp. - 6.: VIII,(245-) 320 pp. - 7.: (2),(4),69,(2),XII,(2) pp. - 8.: VIII,58 pp. and 85 lithographed plates, each with numerous illustr., 2 views (complete). Siebenter berich has 2 titlepages, the first: ""Résultat des Recherches exécutées dans les Lacs de la Suisse Occidentale depuis l'année 1866 decrit par V. Gross, F.-A. Forel et Edm. de Fellenberg"". The second: ""Pfahlbauten. Siebenter Bericht. Von Ferdinand Keller"". A few minor brownspots, internally clean.The work was published in ""Mittheilungen der antiquarischen Gesellschaft in Zürich"", Bde IX,,XII,,XIII,,XIV,.XV,,XIX, a. XX. The work has successively belong to three well-known Danish archaeologist: Georg Sarauw, Axel Steensberg and J. Troels-Smith with their names on front free endpaper.Troels-Smith is internatonally known as one of the pioneers in Pollen Analysis, especially with his work ""Pollenanalytische Untersuchungen zu einigen Schweizerischen Pfahlbauproblemen"" founded on his excavations on the ""Pfahlbauten"".‎

‎First edition of this pioneer work in Swiss archaeology, exposing in a long series of reports his finds in the Swiss lakes (the Swiss lake Dwellings), - describing the Swiss ""Urbevölkerung"" with their Stake Buildings and the rich finds around these in the Swiss lakes.‎

Bookseller reference : 48328

‎FECHNER, GUSTAV THEODOR. - THE FREQUENCY INTERPRETATION OF PROBABILITY.‎

‎Kollektivmasslehre. Im Auftrage der Königlich Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. Herausgegeben von Gottl. Friedr. Lipps.‎

‎Leipzig, Wilhelm Engelmann, 1897. Lex8vo. Orig. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Covers with a few scratches. X"483 pp. Stamps to foot of titlepage. Internally fine and clean.‎

‎First edition. Fechner is noted for the introduction of quantitative methods into psychology (e.g. Fechner's Law). His most importent contribution to statistics is his posthumously published book on the measurements of collectives, his ""Kollektivmasslehre"" from 1897. The main examples he treated are to be found in anthropology, zoology, botany, meteorology and aesthetics.""Fechner's Kollektivmasslehre was of immediate influence on many of his colleagues in Leipzig. The psychologists Gottlob Friedrich Lipps, Wilhelm Wirth and to some extent also Wilhelm Wundt used the new methods in psychophysics. Charles Edward Spearman who obtained his Ph.D. under Wundt extended Fechner's ideas and studied the correlation between magnitudes. The Leipzig astronomer and mathematician Heinrich Bruns (1848-1919) soon gave a general solution to Fechner's problem of a mathematical representation of frequency distributions, the so-called Bruns-series (today called Gram-Charlier series) and tried to unify Fechner's theory of collectives with probability theory. His most illustrious student was Felix Hausdorff who carried this tradition further. (Girlich 1996) Bruns and Hausdorff, however, dropped Fechner's requirement of chance variation of the collective object, thus obscuring any trace of Fechner's indeterminism."" (The Encyclopedia sponsored by Statistics and Probability Societies).‎

Bookseller reference : 48338

‎"PEANO, G. (GUISEPPE). - THE ""FORMULARIO-PROJECT""‎

‎Formulaire de Mathématiques.‎

‎Paris, Georges Carré et C. Naud, 1901. Royal8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Small stamp at foot of titlepage and last leaf. VIII,230,(2) pp. With the ownership-signature of the noted Danish logician Jørgen Jørgensen to front free endpaper. Clean and fine.‎

‎First edition of Peano's third version - the third volume - of his Formulario-project aiming at presenting all mathematical axioms and results in a clear form always using his five axioms and thereby rewrites all known mathematics in a symbolic form and thus provide a key to a satisfactory solution to the questions of the foundations of mathematics. The logical notations used by Peano were used and developed by Whitehead and Russell in their ""Principia Mathematica"" of 1910.""In 1892 he announced in the Rivista the Formulario project, which was to take much of his mathematical and editorial energies for the next sixteen years. He hoped that the result of this project would be the publication of a collection of all known theorems in the various branches of mathematics. The notations of his mathematical logic were to be used, and proofs of the theorems were to be given. There were five editions of the Formulario (the offered item being the third). The first appeared in 1895"" the last was completed in 1908, and contained some 4,200 theorems (the item offered). But Peano was less interested in logic as a science per se than in logic as used in mathematics. (For this reason he called his system ""mathematical logic."") Thus the last two editions of the Formulario introduce sections on logic only as it is needed in the proofs of mathematical theorems."" (DSB).The famous Italian mathematician, logical philosopher, pioneer of symbolic logic, and a founder of mathematical logic and set theory, Giuseppe Peano (1858 -1932) studied mathematics at the University of Turin, where he was employed just after graduating (1880), and where he stayed almost all of his life, devoting this to mathematics. After having graduated with honours, he was employed to assist first Enrico D'Ovidio, and then the renowned Angelo Genocchi, who possessed the chair of Infinitesimal calculus. In 1890 Peano became extraordinary professor, and in 1895 ordinary professor, of infinitesimal calculus at the Unversity of Turin.‎

Bookseller reference : 48350

‎BEWICK, (T.) THOMAS. - WITH THE TWO SUPPLEMENTS.‎

‎A History of British Birds. 2 Vols. (I. Containing the History and Description of Land Birds: And a Supplement, with additional Figures - II. Containing the History and Description of Water Birds And a Supplement, with additional Figures.).‎

‎Newcastle, Edward Walker for T. Bewick, 1821. 8vo. 2 fine contemp. full calf. Rebacked to style with richly gilt spine, title-and tomelabels in leather with gilt lettering. Spines divided in 6 compartments. Covers with broad gilt rectangular borders. Light bumping to corners. Minor scratches to covers. XL,(43)-330,46,(2)"XXII,(19-)360,43,(1) pp. (Complete in spite of the odd numbering). With all 4 titlepages (separate titles to the Supplements). Very clean throughout, only a few leaves with small faint brownspots.‎

‎The fifth edition of this ornithological classic, but the first containing both ""Supplements"".Zimmer p. 58 - Wood p. 237.‎

Bookseller reference : 48418

‎MARIANA, JOANNIS (JUAN de MARIANA) - THE HISTORY OF SPAIN.‎

‎Hispani E Societate Iesu Historiae De Rebus Hispaniae libri XXX. Cum Indive copioso, & explicatione vocum obscuriorum. (2 parts).‎

‎Mogvntiae (Mainz), Andreas Wechsel, 1605. 4to. Contemp. full vellum, raised bands, blindstamped covers. Printers wood-cut device on titlepage. (16),619"638,(36) pp. A bit of browning to the first few leaves. A few scattered brownspots. Printed in double columns.‎

‎This is the first edition containing all 30 books. The first 20 books were published in Spanish in 1601. Marianas's importent history of Spain deals with the country from the first settlements to the death of King Ferdinand, who united the Crowns of Castile and Aragon.""Among his (Maraina's) literary labours the most important is undoubtedly his great work on the history of Spain, which is still remembered today. There was published as late as 1854, in Madrid, an improved and richly illustrated edition continued up to that year. The work first appeared as ""Historiæ de rebus Hispaniæ libri XX. Toleti, typis P. Roderici, 1592"". A later edition of the compiler himself, carried on still further is ""De rebus Hispaniæ libri XXX"", published at Mainz in 160 (the item offered). This edition bears the imprimatur of the order for the thirty books, given by Stephan Hojeda, visitor from Dec., 1598, and of the provincial from 1604. The author had in the mean time converted a Latin edition into Spanish and this appeared complete, containing the thirty books of the Latin edition, at Toledo in 1601. This went through a number of editions during the lifetime of the author and through others after his death"" (The Catholic Encyclopedia)..‎

Bookseller reference : 48560

‎BARTHOLIN, CASPAR - BARTHOLIN, THOMAS. - THE JEWELLWRY OF THE ANCIENTS.‎

‎De Inauribus veterum Syntagma. Accedit Mantissa ex Thomae Bartholini Miscellaneis Medicis De Annulis narium.‎

‎Amsterdam, henric Westenius, 1676. 12mo. Later modest hcloth. Engraved titlevignette. (16),148,(2),18,(8) pp. 7 textengravings (of which 4 are full-page), several woodcut illustrations. A small piece of corners gone on titlepage, no loss of text. Light browning to the fist leaves, a marginal dampstain to the last 12 leaves.‎

‎Second edition of caspar Bartholin's historical account of the jewellery of the Ancients together with his father's dissertation on nose-rings.Bibl. Danica II:446. - Wellcome II, 108.‎

Bookseller reference : 48738

‎"BOLLÉE, LÉON. - THE INVENTION OF ""THE MILLIONAIRE CALCULATOR""‎

‎Sur une nouvelle machine à calculer.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1889). 4to. No wrappers. Disbound. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 109, No 20. Pp. (723-) 758 (entire issue offered). Bollée's paper: pp. 737-739. Disbound but clean.‎

‎First printing of the paper in which Bollée describes his invention of a new calculating machine, later called ""The Millionaire"", based on a multiplying mechanism which was capable of performing multiplication directly instead of using repeated addition. As it allows multiplication by any digit it was used by government agencies ans scientists, especially astronomers, well into the twentieths century.Bollée did not produced his machine comercially, ""... but in 1893 Otto Steiger of Munich patented a calculator based on Bollée's approach, which was manufactured between 1895 and 1935 by the firm Hans W. Egli of Switzerland and marketed under the name of ""Millionaire"".... Forty-six hundred ""Millionaires"" were sold, primarly in Europe."" (Hook & Norman ""Origins of Cyberspace"" : 288).‎

Bookseller reference : 48744

‎"LORENTZ, H.A. - THE MOLECULAR THEORY OF DILUTE SOLUTIONS.‎

‎Sur la Théorie moléculaire des Dissolutions diluées.‎

‎Harlem, Les Heritieres Loosjes, 1891. Lex8vo. Orig. printed wrappers. In ""Archives Néerlandaises des Science Exactes et Naturelles. Redigée par J. Bosschar"", Tome XXV, 2me Livraison. Pp. (101-) 226 (entire issue offered). Lorentz's paper: pp. 107-130. A faint stamp to frontwrapper and to the first page.‎

‎First edition. In this paper Lorentz applies statistical methods to his molecular theory of dlute solutions, discussing the phenomena of osmosis (van't Hoff's law of pressure) in this context and Boltzmann's theorem.‎

Bookseller reference : 48777

‎"LE VERRIER, URBAIN JEAN JOSEPH. - THE FIRST STEPS TOWARDS DISCOVERING NEPTUNE.‎

‎Premier Mémoire sur la théorie d'Uranus.‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1845. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 21, No 19. Pp. (1009-) 1082 (entire issue offered). With titlepage to vol. 21. Le Verrier's paper: pp. 1050-1055. Stamp to top of titlepage.‎

‎First appearance of Le Verrier's first paper on the anomalities in the orbit of Uranus, the calculations on which eventually leading to his prediction and discovery of a new planet, Neptune the following year, 1846.‎

Bookseller reference : 48802