‎Chimie‎

‎"BERZELIUS, JÖNS JACOB. - ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTENT WORKS IN THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY - THE FRENCH VERSION.‎

‎Essais sur les proportions déterminées dans lesquelles se trouvent réunis les élémens de la nature inorganiques. (+) Suite des experiences sur les proportions déterminées, d'après lesquelles les élémens de la nature inorganique s'unissent... (In all...‎

‎Paris, Chez J. Klostermann fils, 1811-12. Bound in 6 contemp. hcalf. Gilt spines, slightly rubbed. Wear to top of spines. In: ""Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie"" Tome 78, 79, 80, 81, 82 and 83. (Entire volumes offered). The 14 parts: (Tome 78:) pp. 5-37, 105-132, 217-242. - (Tome 79:) pp. 113-142, 233-264. - (Tome 80:) pp. 5-37, 225-258. - (Tome 81:) pp. 5-36, 278-303. - (Tome 82:) pp. 5-33, 113-125, 225-72. (Tome 83:) pp. 5-35 a. pp. 117-127. With in all 3 engraved plates. Some scattered brownspots.‎

‎The papers represents one of the first announcements of Berzelius' discovery of the fixed chemical proportions, determining the weights and valencies of the various constituent elements in inorganic compounds. The papers were published at the same time in Swedish, German (both here in Annalen and in Schweiger's Journal), and in French. By running many hundreds of analysis of chemical compounds he gave so many examples of the law of definite proportions that the world of chemistry could no longer doubt its validity, and in so doing he gave experimental evidence to the atomic theory. He hereby laid a solid fundation for the further development of chemistry. A reprint is found in Ostwald's Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften, No. 35.According to Söderbaum (Jac. Berzelius, 2, p.12) ""It was a giant work, one of the most importent in the history of chemistry, which was here presented. One is even more impressed when one remembers that it was a pioneer undertaking in every sense of the term. Analytic and synthetic methods existed before Berzelius' time, to be sure, but there were no precise methods of the sort which he required. They all had to be elaborated at the cost of time and labour.""(J. Erik Jorpes ""Jac. Berzelius"", p.45).""In general Berzelius's efforts were directed toward the consolidation and extension of the atomic theory. He improved chemical analysis and determined the composition of a large number of compounds, thus verifying the laws of constant and multiple proportions and furnishing the most accurate equivalent weights then available. By ingenious methods he arrived at the correct atomic composition of most common substances, and thus was enabled to draw up (in 1826) a table of atomic weights very nearly identical with the modern one.""(Leicester & Klicktein ""A Source Book in Chemistry"", p. 258).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1810-20 C.‎

Ссылка продавца : 46030

‎"RAOULT, FRANCOIS MARIE.‎

‎Sur les Tensions de Vapeur des Dissolutions.‎

‎Paris, G. Masson, 1890. Contemp. hcalf. Light wear along edges. Two small stamps on verso of titlepage. In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 6. Series - Tome XX. 576 pp. The entire volume offered. Raoult's paper: pp. 297-371. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of an importent paper in which Raoult gives further applications of his own discovery, ""Raoult's Law""""Raoult soon turned to the anomalous results with salts in water, which had puzzled previous investigators. He classified the salts he used according to the valence of the radicals and found that the lowering of the freezing point could be accounted for by assigning certain numbers to these radicals. He demonstrated that the freezing point lowering obtained with these salts was consistent with the hypothesis that the salt radicals themselves acted as if they existed independently in the solution, and that certain radicals were more effective than others in lowering the freezing point of water. With the statement that ""the neutral salts of mono and di-basic salts act as if the electropositive and electronegative radicals of these salts when dissolved in water solution do not combine, but remain as simple mixtures (in the paper offered), Raoult showed that he had come to accept much of Arrhenius’ work on ionization.""(DSB).‎

Ссылка продавца : 46033

‎"WÖHLER, F. (FRIEDRICH). - DISCLOSING ISOMERISM.‎

‎Recherches analytiques sur l'Acide cyanique‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1824). 8vo. Without wrappers. Extracted from 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Series 2 - Volume 27. Titlepage to vol. 27 and pp. 196-200. Some faint brownspots.‎

‎First appearance of an importent historical paper in chemistry.""Wöhler's analysis of cyanates appeared in 1824, (the paper offered), shortly after Liebig's analysis of fulminates. Gay-Lussac, then editor of the 'Annales de Chimie', noted that the analysis of cyanic and fulminic acid were identical - the first case of isomerism. This incident brought Wöhler and Liebig together, and there followed many years of collaboration in which the two studied the chemistry of benzaldehyde and numerous other compounds.""(Klickstein ""A Source in Chemistry.."", p. 309.Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1823 C.‎

Ссылка продавца : 46036

‎"FARADAY, M. (MICHAEL).‎

‎On fluid Chlorine. Communicated by H. Davy. Read March 13, 1823. (With Davy's Note on the Condensation of Muriatic Acid Gas into the liquid form).‎

‎(London, W. Nicol, 1823). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1823 - Part I. Pp. 160-165. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this famous paper in which Faraday describes his procedure to obtain liquefaction of chlorine and some of its properties. Faraday made an analysis of chlorine hydrate..., finding the composition... He showed the results to Davy, who suggested that he should heat this compound in a sealed tube. The result was the liquefaction of chlorine, reported in a note at the end of the paper""(Partington IV:p. 105).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1823 C.The paper comes together with Humphry Davy ""On a new phenomenon of electro-magnetism"", pp. 153-159 and Charles Bell's importent works on the physiology of the eye ""On the Motion of the Eye, in illustration of the uses of the muscles and nerves of the orbit"", pp. 166-186 a. 1 engraved plate. + ""Second Part of the Paper on the nerves of the Orbit"", pp. 289-307.‎

Ссылка продавца : 46104

‎"GRAHAM, THOMAS. - FOUNDATION OF COLLOID CHEMISTRY.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. On the Diffusion of Liquids. Received November 16, - Read December 29, 1849. (+) Supplementary Observations on the Diffusion of Liquids. Received May 2, - Read June 20, 1850. (+) Additional Observations on the Diffusion of Liquid...‎

‎(London, Richard Taylor, 1850 a.1851). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1850 and 1851. Pp. 1-45, pp. 805-836 and pp. 483-494. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this pioneer work in which Graham introduces the terminology and fundamental concepts of colloid chemistry.""Although some isolated investigations on colloids had been carried out before Graham, his publications in this field laid the foundations of colloid chemistry. In ""On the Diffusion of Liquids,"" Graham applied to liquids the exact method of inquiry he had applied to gases twenty years before, and he succeeded in placing the subject of liquid diffusion on about the same footing as that to which he had raised the subject of gaseous diffusion prior to the discovery of his numerical law. He showed that the rate of diffusion was approximately proportional to the concentration of the original solution, increased with rise in temperature, and was almost constant for groups of chemically similar salts at equal absolute (not molecular) concentrations and different with different groups. He believed that liquid diffusion was similar to gaseous diffusion and vaporization with dilute solutions, but with concentrated solutions he noted a departure from the ideal relationship, similar to that in gases approaching liquefaction under pressure.""(DSB).‎

Ссылка продавца : 46363

‎"ANDREWS, THOMAS. - THE ""CRITICAL TEMPERATURE"" OF GASES.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. - On the Continuity of the Gaseous and Liquid States of Matter. Received June 14, - Read June 17, 1869.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1870). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1869 - Vol. 159 - Part II. Pp. 575-590 and 1 plate. Clean and fine.‎

‎First apperance of the paper in which Thomas Andrews announces his discovery of the ""CRITICAL POINT"", which states that for every gas there was a temperature above which pressure alone could not liquefy it.""This was a crucial discovery for it pointed the way toward the liquefaction of the permanent gases by demonstrating the necessity of dropping the temperature below the critical point before exerting pressure. This new view led within half a century to the work of Dewar and Kammerlingh-Onnes and the liquefaction of all known gases.""(Asimov).Magie: A Source Book in Physics, pp. 187-192. - Parkinson, Breakthroughs: 1869 C.‎

Ссылка продавца : 46366

‎"ANDREWS, THOMAS. - THE NATURE OF OZONE‎

‎On the Constitution and Properties of Ozone. Received May 16, - Read June 21, 1855.‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1856). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1856 - Vol. 146 - Part I. Pp. 1-13 a. 1 lithographed plates.‎

‎First printing of Andrew's paper in which he shows, that ozone is oxygen in allotropic form.Andrews subsequently turned his attention to the problem of the constitution of ozone. This had been investigated by a number of chemists, including Schöonbein, its discoverer. Its nature was still unknown, however, and it was by no means certain that the ozone obtained from different sources was one and the same substance" it was thought by some to contain hydrogen. Andrews says his researches extended over four or five years, and he finally reached the conclusion that all the supposed varieties of ozone were identical and that it was in fact oxygen in an altered or allotropic condition.‎

Ссылка продавца : 46372

‎"DUFAY (DU FAY), CHARLES FRANCOIS DE CISTERNAY. - PHOSPHORESCENCE.‎

‎Mémoire sur un grand Nombre de Phosphores nouveaux.‎

‎(Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1732). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences. Année 1730"". Pp. 524-535.‎

‎First appearance of Dufay's importent work on phosphorescence.""Chemists had long been acquainted with a fes minerals like the Bologna stone (BaS) and Balduin's hermetic phosphor (plain CaS) that glowed after exposure to light. Greatmystery surrunded those expensive and supposedly rare substances. Dufay detested mysteries and held as a guiding principle that a given physical property, however bizarre, must be assumed characteristic of a large class of bodies, not of isolated species. He found that almost everything except metals and very hard gems could be made phosphorescent: he depressed the phosphor market by describing his procedure: and he became sensitive to the endless small variations in the physical properties of bodies. 'How many things behave that seemed similar, and how many varieties there are in effects that seemed identical."" (Heilbron ""Electricity in the 17 & 18 Centuries"", p. 251).Another paper attached to Dufay's paper is Charles Pitot ""Reflexions sur le Mouvement des Eaux"". Pp. 536-544 a. 1 folded engraved plate. (Poggendorff II:p. 459).Partington ""A History of Chemistry"" III, p.66‎

Ссылка продавца : 46595

‎"ARAGO, FRANCOIS - LOUIS DAGUERRE. - THE INVENTION OF THE DAGUERREOTYPE.‎

‎Fixation des images qui se forment au foyer d'une chambre obscure. (Seance du Lundi 7 Janvier 1839). (+) Le Daguerréotype. (Seance du Lundi 19 Aout 1839).‎

‎Paris, Bachelier, 1839. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome VIII (No.1)+ IX, (No. 8) Entire issues offered with htitles and titlepages to both volumes. Pp. 1-36 + Pp. 249-282 and 1 lithographed plate. The papers: pp. 4-7 and pp. 250-267. A faint stamp to top of titlepages. A few brownspots to titlepages.‎

‎First Edition of the official and complete report of the invention of the ""daguerreotype"", the photographic process invented by Louis Daguerre. Together with the preliminary report of the invention (OF JANUARY 7). The presentation by Arago preceeded Daguerre's own publication ""Historique de description des procédés du daguerreotype et du diorama"", (1839). ""When the attempt to exploit the process of daguerreotype was unsuccessfull, Daguerre and Nièpce decided to offer their method to the government. Daguerre approached Francois Jean Arago, to whom he imparted, under the seal of secrecy his processes and those of Nicéphore Niépce. It was fortunate that Arago possessed such a great insight into the invention, which he received enthusiastically. He reported the invention of the daguerretype to the Academy of Sciences on January 7, 1839. The secrecy, however, was not observed very carefully, for the ""Gazette de France"" published a note abouit it on January 6, 1839, although without printing any details.""(Eder ""History of Photography"").‎

Ссылка продавца : 46845

‎"KAPITZA, P (+) J. F. ALLEN (+) A. D. MISENER.‎

‎Viscosity of liquid Helium below the lambda-point [Kapitza] (+) Flow of liquid Helium II [J. F. Allen & A. D. Misener] [The volume also contain the following papers: New phenomena connected with heat flow in liquid Helium II [J. F. Allen & H. Jones] (... - [THE DISCOVERY OF SUPERFLUIDITY]‎

‎New York, Macmillian and Co, 1938. Royal8vo. In publisher's pictorial cloth with the original wrappers [in the back]. Gilt lettering and Nature's logo to spine and front board. Entire issue of ""Nature"", January - June, 1938, Vol. 141. ""Emmanuel College"" in gilt lettering to spine and two library stamps to title-page and first index page. Two small white paper labels pasted on to spine and a small tear to top of spine. Very slight wear to extremities, otherwise a very fine and clean copy. Rare in the publisher's binding. P. 74"" P. 75. [Entire volume: LXIV, 1156 + VIII, IV, VIII, VIII, XVI, VIII, VIII, XVI, VIII, XII, VIII, XII, XII, IV, IV, VIII, XII, VIII, VIII, VIII, VIII, XII, VIII, IV, XVI, CCLX (Advertisements).‎

‎First publication of these two seminal papers which constitutes one of the most significant discovery in 20th century physics. It ushered a golden period of low-temperature physics and created a new research field within physics which was later to be called quantum liquids. Both paper described a hitherto unknown state of matter: superfluidity of matter. The two discoveries were made independently, Kapitza's paper superseding Allen and Misener's by two weeks. Both studies reported that liquid helium flowed with almost no measurable viscosity below the transition temperature of 2.18 K.""Although the discovery of superfluidity stands as one of the most significant in physics in the 20th century, it was to be 40 years before the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences honoured this seminal discovery with a Nobel prize - an exceptionally long interval. In 1978 Kapitza, by then 84, was given half of that year's Nobel Prize for Physics with a somewhat vague citation reading ""for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics"". The other half did not go to Allen and Misener. Today, science popularizers generally give sole credit for the discovery of superfluidity to Kapitza."" (Physics world, University of Toronto.). ""Kapitza observed that He II flowed between two closely spaced parallel plates extremely rapidly compared to He I, for the same pressure difference. This result, published in Nature on 8 January 1938, showed unambiguously that here was a new and mysterious kind of liquid - one with almost no viscosity. On the page facing Kapitza's one-page paper was another by the young Canadian physicists Jack Allen and Donald Misener, with essentially equivalent results on helium flow on long capillary tubes. It was submitted two weeks after Kapitza's, but both papers are the standard reference for the discovery of superfluidity"". (Griffin, A Century of Nature, 2003, p. 52).While investigating the thermal conductivity of liquid helium, Kapitsa measured the flow as the fluid flows through a gap between two discs into a surrounding bath. Above the lambda point, there was little flow, but below the lambda temperature, the liquid flowed with such great ease that Kapitsa drew an analogy with superconductors. It was a liquid of zero viscosity. He discovered the phenomenon in 1937 and published a paper about it in Nature in January 1938. He wrote: ""The helium below the lambda point enters a special state that might be called a ‘superfluid.’"" (DSB).Today the theory behind superfluidity is widely used within a broad variety of different subject such as spectroscopic and in high-precision devices as gyroscopes which allow the measurement of some theoretically predicted gravitational effects. In 1999, a type of superfluid was used to trap light and greatly reduce its speed. Light was passed through a Bose-Einstein condensed gas of sodium (superfluid) and found to be slowed to 17 m/s from its normal speed of 299,792,458 metres per second.Brandt, The Harvest of a Century, Pp. 254-7.‎

Ссылка продавца : 46897

‎"(PROUT, WILLIAM). - ""PRIMA MATERIA"" FOUND - PROUT'S HYPOTHESIS.‎

‎On the Relation between the Specific Gravities of Bodies in their Gaseous State and the Weight of their Atoms. (+) Correction of a Mistake in the Essay on the Relation between the Specific Gravities of Bodies in their Gaseous State and the Weights of ...‎

‎London, Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1815 a. 1816. 8vo. Bound in 2 ciontemp. full moiré cloth, rebacked. Endpapers renewed. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. In: ""Annals of Philosophy...by Thomas Thomson"", Vol. VI, July to December, 1815 and Vol. VII January-June 1816. VIII,480 pp. a. 6 plates + VIII,488 pp. a. 10 plates. Some brownspots to plates and offsettings from plates, not affecting Prout's papers. Prout's papers: pp. 320-330 a. pp. 111-113. Internally clean.‎

‎First appearance of a milestone-paper in the history of chemistry and atomic theory as Prout here set forth - coupled with experimental evidences - the theory that the elements seems to have atomic weights that are whole number multiples of the atomic weight of hydrogen and that all elements is in some way a combination of hydrogen atoms. The theory announced here in Prout's first paper on the subjecy, is called PROUT'S HYPOTHESIS, and it was ""not until the twentieth century that new views of the atom, arising out of the Second Scientific revolution of the 1890s, revitalized the notion. As a result of the work of Soddy and Aston a new form of Prout's hypothesis was established and Prout was found to be not wrong, but merely a century premature.""(Asimov).""The concept of a primary substance as the basis of all matter has a tempting simplicity which has appealed to thinkers from the classic Greek age to our own day. The idea was revived in a new garb in 1815-1816 by a London physician, Willia Prout, who observed that with few exceptions the specific gravities of elementary gases (i.e., their atomic weight) were evenmultiples of of that of hydrogen. The experimental errors in the data then available were such asto make the hypothesis appear plausible. Prout concluded, therefore, that hydrogen isthe fundamental constituent from which all other elements are compounded....... his idea that all matter is composed of the same material is now established.""(Leicester & Klickstein in ""A Source Book in Chemistry 1400-1900"", p. 275 ff.). - See also note to PMM 407, entry Moseley The Atomic Table.Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1816 C.‎

Ссылка продавца : 46918

‎"CAILLETET, L. - RAOUL PICTET - THE LIQUEFACTION OF OXYGEN A BREAKTHROUGH IN LOW-TEMPERATURE CHEMISTRY.‎

‎De la Condensation de l'oxygè et de l'oxyde de carbone. (Cailletet) + Expériences sur la liquéfaction de l'oxygéne. (2 papers).‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1877. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 85, No 26 (entire issue offered). With htitle and titlepage to vol. 85. Titlepage with a stamp on verso, seen on front. Pp. 1185-1248. Cailletet's paper: pp. 1213-1214. Pictet's paper: pp. 1214-1217. With an illustration of the apparatus in the text.‎

‎First printing of these two milestone papers in Low-temperature Chemistry. This process of liquefaction of oxygene was achieved independently, in the same year, by Cailletet and Pictet, using different methods. Cailletet used the Joule-Thomson effect"" oxygen was cooled while highly compressed, then allowed to rapidly expand, cooling it further, resulting in the production of small droplets of liquid oxygen. Pictet's method was more elaborate, using compounds pumps. (This compound is shown on the illustration in the text).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1877 C. - Magee ""Source Books in Physics"" p. 192-93 (Cailletet) and pp. 194-96 (Pictet).‎

Ссылка продавца : 47000

‎"DEVILLE, H. SAINTE-CLAIRE - INTRODUCING ""DISSOCIATION"" IN CHEMISTRY.‎

‎De la dissociation ou décomposition spontanée des corps sous l'influence de la chaleur.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1857. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 45, No 21. Pp. 833-908 (entire issue offered). Deville's paper: pp. 857-861.‎

‎First printing of Deville's first paper on ""Dissociation"", establishing a new type of high temperature chemistry.""The effect of heat on chemical reactions was of particular interest. From the time of Bergman it had been realized that reactions often followed a course at high temperatures which differed from that followed at lower ones. In 1857, Henri Deville began a eries of studies which established quantitatively a new type of high- temperature reaction... In the course of his studies on the preparation of sodium and potassium and their use as reducing agents in the manufacture of other metals, Deville often used high temperatures. He was aware of the decompositions which often occurred under these conditions, and he suspected that such decompositions were of very frequent occurrence. He therfore undertook the study of reactions which occurred reversibly at high temperature. Such reactions he called 'dissociations', and by an extensive series of studies he showed the importence of dissociation as a general phenomenon in chemistry."" (Leicester a. Klickstein ""A Source Book in Chemistry"", pp. 392 ff.).‎

Ссылка продавца : 47027

‎DUMAS, (JEAN BAPTISTE-ANDRE). - THE MAIN PAPER ON SUBSTITUTION AND THE THEORY OF TYPES.‎

‎Mémoire sur la loi des substitutions et la Theorie des types" Séance du Lundi 5 Février 1840.‎

‎Paris, Bachelier, 1840 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome X , No 5 (entire issue offered). Pp. (143-) 207. Dumas' paper: pp. 149-178.‎

‎First appearance of this paper, which was published the same year in 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', is the most importent on the theory of structural types and the nomenclature of organic compounds, refuting the electrochemical theory of Berzelius. ""The development of this idea (type organique) into what is sometimes called the ""Older Type Theory"", as distinguished from Gerhardt's Type heory, is contained in Dumas' importent memoir on the substitution and the theory of types, presented on 3 febriary 1840.""(Partington IV, p. 365). ""Jean Baptiste Dumas advances a theory that the chemical properties of an organic compound are determined by its structure and not, as seems to be the case with inorganic compounds, by its electrical properties. he illustrates the concept with the example that the basic qualitative properties of acetic acid are retained even after replacing three fourths of the hydrogen by chlorine. As a consequence, he calls for a revision of chemical nomenclature for organic compounds, basing terms on common features, not on elemental composition.""(Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1840 C).‎

Ссылка продавца : 47109

‎"PASTEUR, LOUIS. - ANNOUNCING THE DISCOVERY OF ""MOLECULAR ASSYMETRY""‎

‎Mémoire sur la relation qui peut exister entre la forme cristalline et la composition chimique, et sur la cause de la polarisation rotatoire"" (Extrait). (Séance du Lundi 22 Mai 1848).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1848. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 26, No 21. Pp. (529-) 548. (Entire issue offered). Pasteur's paper: pp. 535-538.‎

‎First appearance of the announcement of Pasteur's momentous and revolutionary discovery of ""molecular assymetry"" and founding the science of Polarimetry.The discovery was first announced by Pasteur in may 1848 by the printing of the preliminary report of only 4 short pages, in order to establish priority (the paper offered). A more full exposition was published the same year in ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3me Series - Tome XXIV.""In 1848....Pasteur studied the crystals of tartrates (one of the substances that exhibited the now-clockwise, now-counterclockwise effect) under the microscope and found that the xcrystasls were mirror images of the others. The two crystals resemmbled each other as a right-hand glove resembles a left-hand glove....This was a revolutionary discovery and it took some courage to announce it. A few years before, the well-known chemist Mitscherlich had studies the same tartrate crystals and declared them all to be identical. Pasteur was only a twenty-sic-year-old unknown. neverthelless he announced his findings and went before Biot to repeat the separation ofthe crystals before the eyes of the aged authority in the field. Biot was convinced and Pasteur received the Rumford medal of the Royal Society for his work....Pasteur had thus founded the science of polarimetry in which the measurements of the manner in which the plane of polarized light was twisted could be used to help to determine the structure of organic substance, to follow various chemical reactions, and so on.""(Asimov). Leicester & Klickstein ""A Source Book of Chemistry"", p. 374-379).‎

Ссылка продавца : 47149

‎"BECQUEREL, EDMOND (ALEXANDRE-EDMUND). - BECQUEREL'S ""CONTINUING RAYS"" OR THE ""BECQUEREL PHENOMENA""‎

‎Mémoire sur le rayonnement chimique qui accompagne la lumiere solaire et la lumiere électrique. (3e Mémoire.- Extrait par l'auteur).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1840. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome XI (No.18). Pp. (667-) 716. (Entire issue offered). Becquerel's paper:pp. 702-703. Some marginal brownspots, margins slightly soiled, light browning an creasing.‎

‎First printing of an importent paper in the history of photochemistry as he here discovered some effects of coloured rays of the solar spectrum.""Edmund Becquerel seems to be the first person to observe, in 1840 (in the paper offered), that the latent daguerreotype image which had been underexposed could be intensified if re-exposed to the yellow and red rays of the spectrum and then developed with mercury... Explaining this phenomenon, Becquerel called the yellow-red continuing rays (""rayon continuateurs"") in contrast to the primary rays, which exicited or produced the light image and which he called exiciting rays (""rayons excitateurs"").... They are dependent on the wave lenght of the light.""(Eder ""History of Photography"", pp. 265 ff.)""Becquerel was an early experimenter in photography. In 1840 he discovered that the silver halides, natively insensitive to red and yellow light, became sensitive to that part of the spectrum in proportion to their exposure to blue, violet and ultraviolet light, allowing Daguerreotypes and other photographic materials to be developed by bathing in strong red or yellow light rather than by chemical treatment. In practice this technique was rarely used."" (Wikipedia).‎

Ссылка продавца : 47213

‎"NIEPCE DE SAINT-VICTOR, (CLAUDE FELIX ABEL). - THE INVENTION OF NIEPCEOTYPES OR ""GLASS PICTURES"".‎

‎Sur des propriétés particulières de l'iode, du phosphore, de l'acide azotique, etc. (Dépose en deux parties a l'Institut, le 22 juin 1846 et le 11 janvier 1847.) (Extrait). (+) Annexe au Mémoire précédent, présenté à l'Academie le 25 octobre 1847....‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1847. 4to. No wrappers. In ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 25, No 17. Pp. (561-) 608. (Entire issue offered). Niepce de Saint-Victor's paper: pp. 579-589.‎

‎First appearance of this milestone paper in the histroy of photography in which Niepce de Saint-Victor describes his invention of photography on glass or ""glass negatives"".""Early in 1847 Niepce de Saint-Victor experienced with the use of starch paste on his glass plates as a binding substratum for the iodide coating, but he soon found that albumen was preferable"" he also tried gelatine, but laid it aside because it came off in the aceto-silver nitrate bath. By a mixture of honey, syrup, or whey with the albumen, he oncreased, later the sensivity. He published his process on October 25, 1847, in the Comp. rend. (the paper offered), and soon had many followers. He also made many modifications (Annexe to the memoir)."" (Eder ""History of Photography"", Dover Publ., pp. 338 ff.).‎

Ссылка продавца : 47222

‎"BRAVAIS, (AUGUSTE). - INTRODUCING ""BRAVAIS LATTICE""‎

‎Sur les propriétés géométriques des assemblages de points régulièrement distribués dans l'éspace.‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1848 4to. No wrappers. In ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 27, No 24. Pp. (593-) 616. (Entire issue offered). Bravais' paper: pp. 601-604.‎

‎Frst appearance of a landmark paper in crystallography and mathematics as Bravais here begins his rechearches of the rotations and translations of crystals into themselves, and he thereby, in this process, advanced the studies of both crystalline structure and of group theory.""Bravais Lattice is a type of spatial crystal lattice first described by the French scientist A. Bravais in 1848. Bravais expressed the hypothesis that spatial crystal lattices are constructed of regularly spaced node-points (where the atoms are located) that can be obtained by repeating a given point by means of parallel transpositions (translations). When straight lines and planes are constructed through these points, the spatial lattice becomes divided into equal parallelepipeds (cells). There are a total of 14 types of such lattices, by which the structure of any crystal can be described in the first approximation.""(The Free Dictionary).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1848 C/M.‎

Ссылка продавца : 47229

‎"BLANQUART-ÈVRARD, (LOUIS-DESIRE). - PHOTOGRAPHIC ""GLASS-PICTURES"".‎

‎Recherches photographiques.‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1849. 4to. Without wrappers. In ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 29, No 8. Pp. (193-) 224. (Entire issue offered). Blanquart-Evrard's paper: pp. 215-217.‎

‎First printing of an importent paper in the history of photography in which "" Blanquart-Evrard described, in 1849 (the paper offered), a process very similar to that of Niepce de Saint-Victor (his glass pictures or ""Niepceotypes""), with minor changes, and called attention to the fact that the silver-iodized albumen could be used either moist or dry.""(Eder p. 339).""In the field of photography we are indepted to Blanquart-Evrard for many improvements,in particular for having introduced the developing process of iodide bromide (or silver chloride) paper by gallic acid as a rapid printing process for producing large editions of silver prints.""(Eder).‎

Ссылка продавца : 47233

‎"DUMAS, JEAN BAPTISTE & ANDRE & J.S. STAS. - THE ATOMIC WEIGHT OF CARBON ESTABLISHED.‎

‎Recherches sur la véritable poids atomiques du carbone.(Extrait).‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier), 1840. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome XI , No 25. Pp. (991-) 1020. (Entire issue offered). The paper: pp. (991-) 1008. A bit of marginal soiling and some creasing to leaves.‎

‎First appearance of the paper which states the correct weight of the carbon atom. This research had profound influence on the development of organic chemistry. The paper in full was published the year after (1841) in ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"".""From 1840 onward he carried out an important revision of the atomic weights of thirty elements. His most valuable contribution in this field was his very precise determination of the atomic weight of carbon (jointly with his pupil Stas) in 1840. A previously accepted weight, determined by Berzelius as C = 12.20 (O = 16), was shown to be incorrect. Dumas proved that C = 12±.002 (O = 16) or C = 75 (O = 100). The analysis was made by burning diamond and artificial and natural graphite in oxygen"" the carbon dioxide formed was weighed in potash solution. The results were in close agreement. The ""new"" weight of carbon had a great effect on the progress of organic chemistry.""(DSB).‎

Ссылка продавца : 47238

‎"PASTEUR, LOUIS. - REVEALING A NEW KIND OF ISOMERISM.‎

‎Transformation des acides tartriques en acide racémique. Découverte de l'acide tartrique inactif. Nouvelle méthode de séparation de l'acide racémique en acides tartriques droit et gauche.‎

‎(Paris, Bachelier),1853. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome XXXVII, No. 5. Pp. (145-) 196. (Entire issue offered). Pasteur's paper: pp. 162-166.‎

‎First appearance of a milestone paper in chemistry in which Pasteur announced two momentous importent discoveries, that racemic acid could be separated into the two optically active tartaric acids and the discovery of ""mesotartaric"" acid.For his work on racemic acid and crystallography he received the prize of 1,500 francs from the Société de pharmacie (1853), membership in the Legion of Honor, and the Rumford Medal of the Royal Society (1856).""During this journey (travel to Vienna, Prag and Saxony) Pasteur met a German industrial chemist who claimed to have achieved what Pasteur then considered impossible - the chemical transformation of tartaric into racemic acid. Although he soon confirmed his belief that this particular claim was inaccurate, Pasteur unexpectedly achieved the transformation in May 1853 by heating cinchonine tartrate at 170°C. for five to six hours. This procedure also yielded a small amount of inactive ""mesotartaric"" acid, the existence of which Pasteur had predicted the year before and in search of which he had apparently undertaken the experiment. In the memoir (1 August 1853) in which he announced these two discoveries, Pasteur disclosed a new method for separating racemic acid into its left- and right- handed components. His original method, involving the manual separation of the crystals, was laborious and extremely limited in applicability. The central feature of the new method was the chemical combination of racemic acid with optically active bases. Under appropriate conditions they affected the solubility of the resulting paratartrates in such a way as to favor the crystallization of only one of the two forms that together compose the paratartrate. Although introduced by Pasteur only for the case of racemic acid, this new method clearly had wider applicability and was soon used to separate the left- and right- handed components in other ""racemic"" substances (substances inactive by compensation)."" (DSB)‎

Ссылка продавца : 47267

‎"HÖNIGSCHMID, O. et MLLE ST.-HOROVITZ - PROVING THE EXISTENCE OF LEAD ISOTOPES‎

‎Sur les poids du plomb de la pechblende.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1914. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 158, No 24. Pp. (1737-) 1839. (Entire issue offered). The paper: pp. 1796-1798.‎

‎First appearance of an importent paper proving the existence of lead isotopes and thus changed the course of chemical thinking by proving that the periodic table of elements could not be founded only on atomic weights. The paper is translated in Leicester ""Source Book in Chemistry 1900-1950"" with the translated title ""The Atomic Weight of Lead from Pitchblende"".‎

Ссылка продавца : 47269

‎"MENDELEJEFF, (MENDELÉEV, MENDELEYEV, MENDELÉEFF), DIMITRY IVANOVICH. - THE DECISIVE CONFIRMATION OF MENDELEEV'S PERIODIC TABLE OFTHE ELEMENTS.‎

‎Remarque à propos de la découverte du gallium.‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1875. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 81, No 21. Pp. (909-) 992. With titlepage to vol. 81. A stamp to verso of titlepage, showing on recto. Mendelejeff's paper: pp. 969-972.‎

‎First apperance of this importent paper which established that Gallium is identical with Eka-aluminum (the missing element between Aluminum and Indium) in Mendelejeff's periodic table. The properties of the new element corresponded well with those predicted. A bitter contorversy was raised between the discoverer of Gallium, Lecog de Boisbaudran and Mendelejeff. ""The discovery of the three elements predicted by Mendeleev was, however, of decisive importance in the acceptance of his law. In 1875 Lecoq de Boisbaudran, knowing nothing of Mendeleev’s work, discovered by spectroscopic methods a new metal, which he named gallium. Both in the nature of its discovery and in a number of its properties gallium coincided with Mendeleev’s prediction for eka-aluminum, but its specific weight at first seemed to be less than predicted. Hearing of the discovery, Mendeleev sent to France ""Zametka po povodu otkrytia gallia"" (the paper offered) (""Note on the Occasion of the Discovery of Gallium""), in which he insisted that gallium was in fact his eka-aluminum. Although Lecoq de Boisbaudran objected to this interpretation, he made a second determination of the specific weight of gallium and confirmed that such was indeed the case. From that moment the periodic law was no longer a mere hypothesis, and the scientific world was astounded to note that Mendeleev, the theorist, had seen the properties of a new element more clearly than the chemist who had empirically discovered it. From this time, too, Mendeleev’s work came to be more widely known""(DSB).Parkinson Breakthroughs"" 1875 C.‎

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‎"LECOQ de BOISBAUDRAN, PAUL ÈMILE. - THE DISCOVERY OF SAMARIUM.‎

‎Nouvelles raies spectrales observées dans des substances extraites de la samarskite.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1879. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 88, No 7. Pp. (313-) 352. (Entire issue offered). Boisbaudran's paper: pp. 322-324.‎

‎First apperance of the paper in which Boisbaudran revealed his discovery of a new earth that precipitated had a unique spectrum. De Boisbaudran named it samaria, after the mineral from which it was derived. The mineral samarskite is named for a Russian mining engineer and Chief of Staff - Corps of Mining Engineers, Colonel Vasili Evgrafovich Samarsky-Bykhovets.""Samarium was discovered by French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1879. He noticed in his research that impure didymium (praseodymium and neodymium with other impurities), seemed to contain more than just didymium based on spectroscopic work on various rare-earth minerals. When Lecoq de Boisbaudran added ammonium hydroxide to a concentrate prepared from the mineral samarskite he observed a precipitate that formed before the didymium (Weeks and Leicester, 1968, p. 685). Partington ""Breakthroughs"" 1879 C.‎

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‎"DEBIERNE, (ANDRÉ). - THE DISCOVERY OF ACTINIUM.‎

‎Sur une nouvelle matière radio-active.‎

‎(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1898. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 129, No 16. Pp. (567-) 626. (Entire issue offered). Debierne's paper: pp. 593-595. Paperquality rather poor, a bit fragile.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Debierne announced his discovery of a new radioactive element found in uranium residues.""In 1906 Professor Hahn discovered radioactinium between actinium an actinium X. Actinium emanation, or ""action"", like radon, is an inert gas, was discovered independently by F. Giesel and André Debierne."" (Weeks ""Discovery of the Elements"", p. 307.Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1899 C.‎

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