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8vo. IV, 224 pp. Contemporary half calf over marbled boards. Very rare sole edition of this defense of the newly-reformed Compagnie des Indes and its commercial activities in the Far East, apparently written by a shareholder, with chapters ranging from West Africa to the Arabian Gulf, India, China, Japan, and even Australia (cf. Ferguson). Spectacularly unsuccessful compared to its European rivals, the French East India Company was suppressed in 1769 but a new charter was granted in 1785 to a "Nouvelle Compagnie des Indes". The avant-propos identifies the anonymous author as an "investor, not a speculator" in this newly-founded Compagnie, and aside from his observations on commercial trade with each nation, he also offers broad arguments supporting the monopoly of the Compagnie and even state-sponsored aid for its activities. The French Revolution brought a swift end to the Compagnie in 1790, and its liquidation in 1793 caused a scandal which involved many deputies of the revolutionary government. - In the author's chapter concerning the west coast of Africa, we find a typically pragmatic Enlightenment approach to the atrocities of slavery: "At the present moment, the slave trade on this coast is a very interesting object for our commerce, due to the abundance and the cheapness of these unfortunate victims of the barbarism of these climes, the need for them in our Ile de France [Mauritius] & Bourbon [Réunion] for the development of agriculture, and due to the ease of selling the excess slaves beyond the needs of those two islands to our colonies of America, & even to those of the Spanish. They [the Spanish] have been forced to depend on the English to provide them with blacks. We could enjoy a preferential treatment [...]". - Again on pp. 22f., in a discussion of Madagascar, he makes his position clear: "The slave trade requires a great deal of caution in its conduct, so as not to alienate the goodwill of the natives. If we buy the prisoners taken in wars from the small nations that share control of this island; and if the advantage of fetching a price from the sale of these unfortunate prisoners spares them the cruel death to which, without this resource, the barbarian victors would subject them, then the expectation of fetching a price from [their sale] need not ever be the cause of war between these small nations [...]". - Elsewhere the author discusses trade with Japan (p. 133), the Philippines (pp. 121f.); China (pp. 134-139); Macao (pp. 140f.), and even Australia ('Nouvelle Hollande", pp. 142-146: "dans nul pays de la terre les hommes ne sont moins avancés en civilization [...]"). - Spine extremely worn and rubbed, but holding perfectly; contents clean and fresh. Very rare: OCLC shows three US copies at Harvard, the Cleveland Public Library, and Minnesota. No copies are recorded at Anglo-American auctions. Goldsmiths'/Kress 13332.3. Ferguson IV, 466 ("pp.142-6 contains a description of New Holland, and of the sailing of the First Fleet").
A single folio on card, ca. 385 x 280 mm. Ink and gouache on paper. Matted, framed and glazed. Fine painting with Mughal influences, showing a golden-coloured domestic falcon, loosely tied to an elegant and decorated outdoor stand. Framed within multiple gilt decorated borders adorned with different floral motifs; borders painted with geometric octagonal shapes, each displaying an array of birds including from the heron and pigeon families, all heightened in gilt. - Attractively preserved.
4to. English manuscript on paper. (4), 306 pp. With mounted engraved frontispiece in original hand colour and 21 mounted engraved plates, 13 of which in original hand colour. Contemporary half calf over patterned boards with giltstamped spine and spine-title. Marbled endpapers. All edges red. Intriguing manuscript comprising five Arabian tales allegedly recounted by officers at a Spahi camp in Algeria in the context of an imminent raid against the Haschemu tribe loyal to Emir Abdelkader in 1842, commanded by the French general Louis Juchault de Lamoricière (1806-65). The compiler, who gives his initals as "E. H. S. de R." on the title-page, states that he transcribed the tales from another book, but gives no clear indication whether or not the account is purely fictitious. He does, however, criticize the "cruel system of warfare which the French have hitherto employed in Africa" (p. 1). - Prefaced to the tales is an introduction describing the events leading up to the frame narrative, involving the rescue of a Douair chieftain by a member of the Spahi regiment, and the officers spending the evening together at the campfire. Five of them are prompted to tell stories, some autobiographical, which the editor has titled "The Unfortunate", "The Dervish of Anatolia", "The Renegade", "The Arab's Faith", "Love and Hate", and "The Fugitive of Armenya". The last tale is followed by an account of the fate of the two Douair and Spahi officers, who became close friends after the latter saved the life of the former. - The hand-coloured engravings which illustrate the volume depict characters and scenes from the tales; the frontispiece shows a lavishly decorated room in a palace with an Arab leader smoking a long pipe, surrounded by servants and followers. Continuously paginated, but with additional pagination for each tale. The additional heading "First series" on the title-page suggests that the present manuscript was conceived as part of a larger set. - Extremities slightly rubbed; interior very clean. A very well preserved volume providing an unusual look at French rule in Algeria during its early years.
Folio (210 x 330 mm). (2), 65, (1) pp. Original printed boards, spine reinforced with cloth. Annotated tables of the tribes making up "Al-Muntafiq", a large Arab tribal league in southern and central Iraq then in struggle against British occupation. Edited from the Basrah Arab Bureau's confidential British government handbook "The Muntafik" published that same year. - Corners chipped; erased stamps; stamp and handwritten ownership of "Harry J. Almond, Arabian Mission" (American Mission School). Extremely rare; no copies in OCLC or the British Library.
8vo (144 x 202 mm). Ottoman manuscript on paper. 122 pp., 13 lines, single column. Black ink with occasional red and blue. With a double-page illustration. Contemporary full brown calf with fore-edge flap and blindstamped ornaments to both covers. An Ottoman Turkish manuscript on the Hajj, describing the rituals of the pilgrimage and the traditional travel route from Turkey through the Levant to Medina and Mekkah. The book includes a rough, annotated drawing of the Prophet’s Mosque and a drawing of the Grand Mosque. - Some edge flaws and tears; occasional waterstains, mainly confined to the wide margins. Early 19th century waqf stamp to the flyleaf. A well-preserved survival.
Wall map, lithographed in colour, ca. 57 x 82 cm. Scale 1:1,500,000. Large-format Ottoman map of Palestine and Syria produced shortly before the First World War, including Eastern Anatolia and Cyprus as well as the northern Sinai Peninsula. Vilayet divisions are given in red, roads and rail transportation ways are indicated in detail. A separate inset shows the Hejaz Railway with tracks running as far south as Medina and various projected but never-realized extensions southwards to Mecca. - Traces of one old vertical and three horizontal folds; light brownstaining at centre and lower edge. A rare survival.
2 albums containing a total of 49 large-format black-and-white prints (measuring up to 18 x 24 cm), some signed "Freund". Contemporary percaline (245 x 350 mm). High-quality photographs, mainly showing the winners of harness races driven by Harry Myrcik, including the horses Editor, Poldi, Aeolus, Burgschwester, Ester Cane, Norina, Cila, Fulklapp, Herbstwind, Cape Horn, Cedar, Ambrina, Akkord, Quarminus, Miami II, Sonnenmeister, Quintaner, Marie, and Oheim. Also, several offical finishing line photos and a few portraits. The collection is arranged chronologically; the 30 images in the first volume are tipped in, while the 19 in volume 2 are loose. Often, the image is captioned in calligraphy, citing the name of the winning horse and its owner, the measured time, the place and date of the race, etc., some signed by photographer (and stamped: "Foto - Freund, Berlin / Charlottenburg"). Most photos were taken at the Berlin's Mariendorf trotting course, founded in 1913 and revived in the 1960s after war damage was repaired. - Three smaller photos have been removed; otherwise perfect.
4to (142 x 195 mm). Manuscript in Ottoman Turkish, 2 parts in one volume. (105), (38) pp. on (84) ff. Text in black (and occasional red) riqa', 15 lines within red (and occasional gilt) rules. 19th century limp brown morocco binding. A collection of two Ottoman Turkish treatises in a single 18th century manuscript, discussing the planting of trees and the cultivation of flowers. - Spine rebacked; altogether well preserved.
Sheet 1: 1030 x 700 mm; sheet 2: 1220 x 710 mm; sheet 3: 1030 x 700 mm; sheet 4: 1030 x 700 mm; sheet 5: 1220 x 710 mm. Scale 1:25,000. Nautical chart of Shatt Al Arab on 5 sheets: sheet 1 showing the "Entrance to Shatt Al Arab", sheet 2 showing the "Inner Bar to Kabda Point", sheet 3 showing "Kabda Point to Abadan" with an inset map of Abadan, sheet 4 showing "Abadan to Tuwaila Island" with an inset map of Mohammerah Bar, and sheet 5 showing "Tuwaila Island to Coal Island" with an inset map of Basra and Ma'qil. Engraved chart, including tidal information, compass roses, soundings, seabed notations, currents, sandbanks, shoals, lighthouses and beacons picked out in yellow and red, inland elevations, detailing and buildings. First published in 1907, revised in 1932. Signs of contemporary use, with several pencil markings. Folded.
655 x 660 mm. Lithograph in colours, dissected into 12 sections and mounted on original cloth. First edition of the first accurate Ottoman general map of Central and Southern Iraq, Kuwait, and Khuzestan (Iran); the authoritative map used by the Ottoman Army for strategic planning during the "Mesopotamia Campaign", during which Ottoman-German forces mounted a unexpectedly strong resistance to Britain's invasion of Iraq in World War I. Examples of the present map were used by Ottoman commanders who oversaw the successful Ottoman-German defence of Baghdad at the Battle of Battle of Ctesiphon (22-25 Nov. 1915), as well as the capture of the main British army at the Siege of Kut-al-Amara (7 Dec. 1915-29 April 1916). - With text entirely in Ottoman Turkish, the map is based on the British War Office's "Lower Mesopotamia Between Baghdad and the Persian Gulf" (1911), which was itself in part based on Ottoman sources. Both maps were dramatically superior in all respects to previous efforts, forming the culmination of over three generations of reconaissance, capped by critical late-breaking discoveries. - Some light staining in margins and in lower-right quadrant, but generally in good condition. Very rare.
Oblong folio (335 x 240 mm). 16 ff. 110 albumen and silver gelatin photographs mounted in photo corners, with handwritten captions. Contemporary saddle-stitched faux crocodile leather boards with tassel. Over one hundred original photographs of R.A.F servicemen in interwar Iraq. Scenes range from the wreckage of a deadly plane crash, men driving an early tank, locals going about daily life, and servicemen entertaining themselves in their recreational time. Most photographs are captioned by the anonymous owner of the album, with a few captioned in plate; all provide a snapshot of the early days of both the R.A.F. and of modern Iraq. - Various contemporary aircraft are photographed, including a Vickers Vimy Commercial experiencing an awkward landing, the first-ever prototype of the Vickers Victoria (captioned simply, "John's plane"), the de Havilland DH.60 Moth ("Stack and his 'Mooth' aeroplane"), a Halifax II which would go on to be shot down over France during the second world war (captioned "Soap with Snipe"; it is unclear between the plane and the pilot which is Soap and which is Snipe). - One photograph of "Alan Cobham and his plane" shows Cobham (1894-1973), by then already a world-famous aviator posing with a biplane, and another five (one of which has been colorized) show Cobham's de Havilland DH.50 floatplane on the Tigris, likely en route through Baghdad on his record-breaking flight from Britain to Australia. These photos would have been taken very shortly before Cobham's engineer of the D.H.50 aircraft, Arthur B. Elliot, was shot and killed after the pair left Baghdad on the 5th of July 1926. More somberly captioned are five photographs of the "Result of the Vernon Crash", dated two weeks after the incident and showing the wreckage of the No. 45 Squadron's Vickers Vernon, which had crashed into a shed at Hinaidi, killing seven: Oswald Kempson Stirling Webb, Reginald Carey Brinton Brading, Eric Miller Pollard, Edgar Kennedy, Francis Crawford Inglis, Horace Leslie Davies, and Edgar Whittle. - Photographs of local Iraqis and scenery around Baghdad include a line of convicts, a pontoon bridge spanning the Tigris, milk sellers, farming methods, money changers, pottery shops, letter writers, butchers, an Armenian family, a flooded Baghdad North Station, the "Baghdad Bridge", falconers, copper merchants, the Kadi mosque, mourners at a funeral, a distant view of the crumbling crusader fort Qal'at al-Shaqif (captioned "Belfort Castle"), and an "oil gusher" spouting in Kirbuk district. - The remainder of the photographs are devoted to soldiers at rest and the mishaps of military life (including many lorries stuck in the mud); men play tug-of-war, and one serviceman poses with his accordion and a small dog sitting atop a stool with a pipe in its mouth. There are fancy dress parties, snapshots of the barracks and troop ships, and servicemen tromping through calf-deep mud. A thorough collection that provides a sum of daily life in interwar Iraq, ranging from the humorous to the tragic, including both military and civilian life. - Quite well preserved.
960 x 235 mm. Three albumen prints (vintage), mounted and joined. Fine photographic view of Jerusalem from Mount Olivet, assembled from three separate, conjoining images and measuring nearly a metre in length. Various buildings and sites identified by number; dated "1889" in a shaded area at lower right. From the Beirut-based studio of Tancrède Dumas, active during the period 1860-1890, with his stamp at lower left (series no. 523).
4to. 2 parts in one volume. VIII, 140 pp. (8), 315, (1) pp. 19th century cloth with giltstamped spine title. The complete text of the Arabic version by Ibn al Muqaffa of this collection of animal fables with didactic overtones designed to illustrate wise conduct, printed in the beautiful types of the "Imprimerie Royale", with an introduction and critical notes in French. The typeface, based on Arab or Turkish specimens of calligraphy and cut in Rome in the early 17th century for Savary, "was the mainstay of Arabic typography in France until the late 19th century; it also provided a model for others" (Roper, p. 145). - Spine sunned; occasional browning and foxing, but a good copy. Chauvin II, p. 11f., no. 17. Cf. G. Roper, Early Arabic Printing in Europe, in: Middle Eastern Languages and the Print Revolution. A Cross-Cultural Encounter (Westhofen 2002), pp. 129-150.
8vo. XVIII, (2), 93, (3), 8 pp. (ads). With lithographic frontispiece of "A Persian Girl" sketched on stone by the translator, printed by C. Hullmandel. With an inserted slip. Original boards, rebacked with new spine label. First English edition: a prose version by the British oriental scholar James A. Atkinson (1780-1852). "This is a specimen of Persian humour, a jeu d'esprit, founded upon female customs and superstitions. It pretends to be a grave work, and is in fact a circle of domestic observances, treated with the solemnity of a code of laws" (preface). With a fine lithographic frontispiece drawn by Atkinson, faithfully depicting a "Persian Girl" in traditional dress, with a lute and hookah by her side, her hair adorned. - Provenance: 1) Wilberforce Eames, (1855-1937), U.S. bibliographer and librarian, known as the "Dean of American bibliographers" (his ink ownership to flyleaf); 2) pencil ownership "Wm. Berrian" (?) to flyleaf; 3) bookplate of the Wisconsin Consistory Library to pastedown; 4) Quaritch notation to pastedown (sold by them). A fine copy; scarce. Wilson 10 & 123. Cat. of the Library of Wilberforce Eames (NY, Anderson Auction, 1905), no. 6247 (this copy).
565 x 780 mm. Scale 1:250,000. Showing the future border, then the dividing line through the Saudi-Kuwaiti Neutral Zone, a 5,770 km² area between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait that was left undefined when the border was established by in 1922. Partitioning negotiations finally commenced when the rulers of both countries met and decided, in October 1960, that the Neutral Zone should be divided. On 7 July 1965, the two governments signed an agreement, which took effect on 25 July 1966, to partition the Zone adjoining their respective territories. Ratification followed on 18 January 1970. "This map has been prepared from the results of the survey according to the agreement between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia for the Neutral Zone Division on 7/4/1386 corresponding to 25/7/1966". The Gulf is labelled "Arabian Gulf". - An indistinct stamp on verso. A tear to one fold; lower edge irregular. Rare; not in OCLC.
Four maps (600 x 620 mm) printed in black and brown, kept folded in a grey cloth pocket. Map of modern Syria, Iraq, Jordan and Saudi Arabia in four parts, illustrating the travels of Alois Musil in 1908-1915 and published as part of a series of books and maps by Musil. Musil "mapped the topography, collected a large number of plants and in 1911 helped make observations that led to the first general sequence of the Phanerozoic geological succession of north-west Arabia". An inset in the map shows terrain elevations for several parts of the region. - Alois Musil (1868-1944) was a Czech orientalist and explorer and professor of Oriental Studies at the University of Prague. The collection of works which includes this map was published by the American Geographical Society with funding by the American industrialist and Arabist Charles R. Crane (1858-1939). - In very good condition. Vincent, Saudi Arabia: an environmental overview, p. 9. Cf. Wright, "Northern Arabia: the explorations of Alois Musil", in: Geographical review XVII, 2 (April 1927), pp. 177-206.
8vo. Ottoman Turkish manuscript, with medical terminology mostly in Arabic. 50 pp. Black (and occasional red) ink on polished paper. 19th century marbled wrappers. A traditional pharmacological essay or pharmacopoeia, as well as a description of several ailments and medical conditions (including earache, infection of the larynx, uvular edema, malaria, jaundice, and yellow fever), with their treatment indications. Interestingly, there is a specific reference to opium ("afyon" in Turkish). The anonymous scribe was very probably a physician or medical practitioner with an imperfect knowledge of Arabic, most likely a Turk. No colophon, but likely written in the early 18th century in an Arabic-speaking Eastern province of the Ottoman Empire. - Occasional stains and smudging; some corner and edge flaws throughout with chipping to wrappers.
Folio (286 x 390 mm). Colour lithogr. title, 303 [i.e., 305], (1) p. With 7 leaves of plates, illustrated throughout (some in colour). Colour advertisement bound after p. 70. Modern red cloth with giltstamped spine title and original giltstamped cover title inset on upper board. Original edition of the Moseman Brothers' sumptuously produced sales catalogue of luxury horse tack and equipment. Dated from a printed letter (March 6, 1893), appearing on p. 67. Contains more than 1000 detailed illustrations of all items relating to the horse including halters, muzzles, halter ties, hitching weights, oils, dressings, stallion shields, boots, toe weights, bitting harness, hopples, spreaders, cart saddles, collars, riding & driving bits, whip sockets, whips, hunting crops, ornaments, chains, snaps, clothing, saddles, veterinary preparations, stable requisites such as brushes, curry cards, brooms, forks, and much more. One of the finest equestrian trade catalogues of the 19th century produced by a leading New York City concern, C. M. Moseman and Brother, offering a vast range of high-quality equestrian goods. Rare, most libraries hold copies of the late 20th century reprints only. OCLC 24193302.
8vo. 8 pp. With woodcut title vignette. Wrappers. First (and only?) printing of the letter by the Capuchin friar Pacifico Scaliger, leader of his order's mission to Persia and Armenia, written to the Capuchin Guardian of Leghorn (dated 21 May 1627), with the two mandates received from Sultan Murad IV: the first a permit to found a hospital at Aleppo, Syria (12 April 1627); the other granting the Capuchins free passage and permission to reside and teach throughout the Ottoman Empire, wherever there are Christians (26 April 1627). - Some brownstaining; old pagination in manuscript and stamped (apparently removed from an old collection). Of special interest is the title woodcut, showing a round moon within the oriental crescent. The round moon bears a crudely drawn face, incorporating the western notion of a "man in the moon", but the heavily structured lunar surface also provides a curious counterpiece to the famous woodcuts which had appeared in Galileo's groundbreaking "Sidereus Nuncius" but eighteen years previously. - Excessively rare: a single copy in library catalogues (HAB Wolfenbüttel); no records via WorldCat or in Italian libraries via SBN. OCLC 258074666 (no holding records). HAB Wolfenbüttel shelfmark M:Gv Kapsel 7 (46).
Oblong folio. (15) ff. With 5 ink wash drawings, 4 pencil drawings, 4 coloured pencil drawings, 1 pen drawing painted with watercolours, 1 pen drawing, 1 coloured lithograph and 1 photograph, all in various formats, on (12) pp. Contemporary green morocco binding, cover giltstamped with crowned monogram "PA". All edges gilt. Includes a loose pencil portrait of a young lady (192 x 262 mm) and a photograph of a castle pasted on the free endpaper. Charming collection of sketches and watercolours, including a pen-drawn genre piece with soldiers (ca. 222 x 174 mm) by the French painter André Dutertre, member of the Institut d'Égypte, and the portrait of a soldier in pencil (ca. 138 x 194 mm) by Claude Vaulot (1818-42), both signed. Dutertre is best known for his portraits of military men, especially in connection with Napoleon's campaign in Egypt, in which he participated. Of particular interest are four orientalist landscape drawings and four character studies of portraits from Kabylia (Algeria). These unsigned pieces are probably connected with the 1830 "Éxpédition de Médéa", part of the French conquest of Algeria. They include a pencil drawing of a road near Medea, a pencil drawing of a source near Mouzaïa, where a battle took place on 21 November 1830, an ink wash drawing of a military encampment in Kabylia, and the portrait of a Kabylian marabout, or holy man. This small portrait is arranged on one page with the other three portraits, two Kabyle women and one man, and a well-executed ink wash drawing of a landscape in Kabylia with the tombs of two marabouts. The collection is completed by a charming lithographed invitation to a puppet play "Theatre de Polichinelle", signed "Nouvian", a photo collage of political caricatures with a written legend, an ink wash of a peasant woman, signed "J. Chastenet", and a watercolour of a group of soldiers marching to war, their wives wringing their hands. - The photo collage is strongly faded, some pages with minor tears and foxing but all drawings and the lithograph well preserved. Spine and edges of binding scuffed.
8vo. (24), 455, (23) pp. With 4 engr. plates. Contemporary half calf with gilt title label on gilt spine. Edges sprinkled red. Extremely rare sole edition of this account of the Niebuhr expedition to Arabia in the 1760s. Produced as a cheaper alternative to the hefty 3-volume sets which appeared in German, Danish, French, and other languages, the present work was printed by the Royal press and gives a summary of the journey intended for a popular audience. Swedish interest in the expedition was elicited by the presence of the Swedish botanist and explorer Peter Forsskål in Niebuhr's caravan. After studying Arabic dialects, Forsskål was the first to scientifically describe many plants of the Arabian Peninsula, before dying in Yemen of malaria in 1763. - The plates, modeled after those of the German edition of 1772, depict a Turkish Pilgrim to Mecca; an Arab woman in a hijab, with an inset detail of a burkha; an Arab farm-girl from the 'Coffee Mountains' of southern Arabia; and an Arab nobleman of Yemen. - Binding rather rubbed; blank margin of first few leaves a little toned, otherwise a very good copy, clean and fresh. OCLC shows just 3 copies worldwide: the University of Texas, the Swedish National Library, and the Danish National Library. No copy seen at Anglo-American auction since 1999. OCLC 156793368. James Ford Bell 340.
8vo. (24), 455, (23) pp. With 4 engr. plates. Contemporary half calf with gilt title label on spine. Extremely rare sole edition of this account of the Niebuhr expedition to Arabia in the 1760s. Produced as a cheaper alternative to the hefty 3-volume sets which appeared in German, Danish, French, and other languages, the present work was printed by the Royal press and gives a summary of the journey intended for a popular audience. Swedish interest in the expedition was elicited by the presence of the Swedish botanist and explorer Peter Forsskål in Niebuhr's caravan. After studying Arabic dialects, Forsskål was the first to scientifically describe many plants of the Arabian Peninsula, before dying in Yemen of malaria in 1763. - The plates, modeled after those of the German edition of 1772, depict a Turkish Pilgrim to Mecca; an Arab woman in a hijab, with an inset detail of a burkha; an Arab farm-girl from the 'Coffee Mountains' of southern Arabia; and an Arab nobleman of Yemen. - Binding rather rubbed; some chipping to spine; blank margin of first few leaves a little toned, otherwise a very good copy, clean and fresh. OCLC shows just 3 copies worldwide: the University of Texas, the Swedish National Library, and the Danish National Library. No copy seen at Anglo-American auction since 1999. OCLC 156793368. James Ford Bell 340.
815 x 1140 mm (on 2 separate sheets). The first distance-time route map of the Ottoman Empire, one of the great masterpieces of Ottoman thematic cartography. Devised by the General Staff of the Ottoman Army and depicting the entire realm of the Sublime Porte from Albania to Yemen, it gives travel times between hundreds of locations, including various routes of the Hajj. - The map captures the scene during the middle of the rule of Sultan Abdul Hamid II (reigned 1876-1909), during which the empire still controlled vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa, extending from the Balkans to the Arabian Peninsula. It is centred upon Anatolia but includes all the core regions of the Empire, extending from Bosnia in the northwest to the head of the Arabian Gulf in the southwest, and from Crimea and Baku in the north and east to Lower Egypt in the southwest. In the lower right corner is an inset capturing the western Gulf, including Kuwait, Bahrain, and Qatar; an inset above details the Red Sea, including Hejaz, Asir and Yemen; a larger inset in the lower left depicts Ottoman Libya as well as parts of French Tunisia and Algeria. Annotated in Ottoman Turkish throughout, the map is traversed by hundreds of lines that connect every city and town of importance, representing the main land travel routes between these centres; each segment states the estimated travel times between the points. The map also features a chart comparing distances between the principal centres: on average, the chart shows, it took 18 hours to travel from the Red Sea port of Jeddah to the holy city of Mecca. - This is the first map ever to display the distances between all significant travel points in the Ottoman Empire and would have been vitally useful to soldiers, merchants, and government bureaucrats planning their itineraries. It was also one of the only maps to give an approximately accurate notion of the times and distance along several of the most important Hajj routes, including the famous Syrian Hajj Road from Damascus to Mecca, now considered by UNESCO for World Heritage Status. - Transportation had always been one of the great challenges confronting the Ottoman Empire, an astoundingly vast realm spanning three continents and traversing some of the world's most rugged terrain. Yet the Hamidian Era marked a period of rapid modernization, including the creation of macadamized highways, railways and modern ports, and saw the rise of sophisticated cartography. The General Staff was able to draw on exhaustive highway surveys and recent itinerary records. The present map also depicts the rapidly expanding Ottoman railway system, after a wave of development had revolutionized travel in the empire's European domains, but just before an unprecedented boom in railway construction would do the same for Ottoman Asia. The Balkans are traversed by several railways: most notably as of 1888 the great port of Salonika was connected to the rest of Europe by rail, while Istanbul was linked to the European system for the first time that same year, providing the direct route for the famed Orient Express, which commenced in 1889. One will also notice the first great leg of the Anatolian Railway that connected Istanbul to Ankara on 31 December 1892, completed only a matter of weeks before the present map was issued. - Although Ottoman cartographers were producing topographic and thematic maps of the highest sophistication and diversity, every bit as impressive as those of the best German and French and British mapmakers, these works tend to be very rare today and are not nearly as well known as they deserve to be: they were almost invariably issued in small print runs, and maps intended for practical use in the field, such as the present work, tended to perish easily. Also, Turkey's switch to the Latin alphabet, in 1928, ensured that many of the surviving earlier maps were discarded, making this specimen a rare survival of an historic cartographical achievement. - Brownstains and waterstains.
Manuscript letter in Italian, opening with a duplicate of an earlier letter, in a different hand, dated 26 September 1732, written in ink on one page of a bifolium originally folded 4 more times for sending (to 8.5 x 14 cm) with the address on one side and traces of a red wax on the other. Letter in Italian concerning the cloth trade in the capital of Egypt during the last months of 1732. The letter is addressed to the Italian merchant Nicolò Caragiani in Venice, who actively traded with the Levant and correspondence with several other merchants survives. The present letter informs Caragiani on the demand in certain types of cloth, which prizes are expected to rise during the approach of Ramadan. It mentions various fabrics including silks, damask and wools and also includes the prices of coffee and pepper. The letter opens with a copy of an earlier letter, followed by the actual letter in a different hand, signed by one Michiel whose last name is unclear, but could read something like Petea or Retea. - With some faint foxing, and a tiny hole and a tear along a fold on the address side, otherwise in very good condition.
Large 4to (206 x 275 mm). XXVI pp., final blank leaf. With engraved armorial vignette to title-page and a woodcut tailpiece. Contemporary bronze-varnished wrappers. Report from the Papal consistory for the Syrian Catholic Church in Aleppo, printed in Latin and Arabic throughout, confirming the newly-elected Archbishop Basilius of the Catholic Armenian rite. With the engraved arms of Pope Pius VI on the title-page. - Some light foxing, otherwise an excellent copy. Very rare; no copy in OCLC. Canon Law Collection of the Library of Congress, p. 17, no. 189. Zenker, BO I, p. 72 ("Jan." in error for "Jun.").