The political questions of the Arabian golf region during the late Ottoman era
1917Best.-Nr. 000214We believe this to be the first complete collection of its kind including several items that we have not encountered in public libraries or archival sources. In any case it represents the most comprehensive collection of issues that we have traced over a period of twenty-five years of Ottoman state publications many of which are difficult to assemble. The collection essentially consists of official reports most of which were prepared by the two ambassadors Fakhr al-Din Rûm Bey Oğlu and Muhammad Nâbi. These reports are highly restricted official documents. Description of the Collection The reports were prepared in Ottoman Turkish except for four items written in modern Turkish after the alphabet reform; these were prepared by İsmail Hakkı Tevfik and Abdulgani Seni Bey. 1. Najd Issue Najd Question Ottoman Turkish report published by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Istanbul 1918. 15 pages octavo. Prepared by Ambassador Fakhr al-Din Rûm Bey Oğlu and the Ottoman Ambassador in Rome Muhammad Nâbi dated 11 March 1917. The report discusses the political borders of Ottoman Najd; the treaty signed between Süleyman Şefik Pasha and Abdulaziz ibn Saud; the Ottoman–British treaty concerning Najd including Qatar; and the Ottoman treaty with Ibn Saud converting Najd from a mutasarrifate into a province vilayet appointing Ibn Saud as governor and commander-in-chief including military organization. Topics include: Midhat Pasha's report; Wahhabis; the conflict between Saud and Abdullah ibn Faisal; the sheikhs of Muscat Mukalla Oman Hadhramaut and Bahrain and their relations with Britain; Saudi movements along eastern Najd; Ottoman naval response under Midhat Pasha; the administrative difficulty of Najd; support of Mubarak al-Sabah for the Ottomans; coercion of Abdullah al-Faisal to sign the al-Ahsa treaty; Ibn Rashid's advances; tribal dynamics; British support of Al-Sabah; British protection; Ibn Saud and the Muntafiq sheikh; Ottoman–Wahhabi agreements 10 April 1905; British protests regarding Ibn Saud's border violations and interference in Qatar and Oman; the 12-article Ottoman–Ibn Saud treaty of 12 July 1913 including the separation of Qatar from Najd; maritime boundaries; recognition of Jasim Al Thani; compensation to the Sheikh of Bahrain. 2. Muscat Issue Ottoman Turkish report Ministry of Foreign Affairs Istanbul 1918. 6 pages. Prepared by Fakhr al-Din Rûm Bey Oğlu and Muhammad Nâbi dated 27 November 1916. Covers Muscat modern Oman the Imamate foreign involvement Ottoman views rejecting Muscat's independence from the Arabian Peninsula; relations between Najd Muscat and British India; strategic location; occupation history; Al-Sa'id relations with Wahhabis; British and French recognition of Omani independence in 1862; Ottoman perspective on Oman's connection to Arabia. 3. Qatar Coasts Issue Prepared 8 January 1917. Printed at the Imperial Press. 7 pages plus 9 pages of French appendices. Topics include British expansion from Bahrain to Qatar; Ottoman claims; British intervention since 1891; correspondence with the Ottoman state; Bahrain–Qatar disputes over Zubarah and al-'Udayd; appointment of Abd al-Rahman Al Thani; British encroachments; Qatar within the Kuwait treaty framework; confirmation of Jassim Al Thani's authority in 1913. 4. Kuwait Issue Fakhr al-Din Rûm Bey Oğlu & Muhammad Nâbi. Imperial Press Istanbul 1334 AH. 34 pages. Geography population sect history of Al-Sabah; Ottoman administration of Baghdad and Basra; British policy; secret treaties 1899–1904; borders; railways; maritime flags; taxation refusal; British attempts to place Kuwait under protection; Ottoman responses; oil islands Bubiyan Khor Abdullah; Sheikh's declaration of being an officer in the British army. Dated 31 August 1918. 5. Basra Gulf Issue Bahrain Qatar Pirate Coast/Emirates İsmail Hakkı Tevfik. Ankara 1931. 32 pages. Political tribal and documentary history in Turkish English and French. 6. Irrigation in Arabia Fakhr al-Din Rûm Bey Oğlu & Muhammad Nâbi. 14 pages. Ottoman irrigation projects; British interference since 1910; German involvement. 7. Asir Revolt of 1911 Report by Consul General İsmail Hakkı. 31 pages. Ottoman military actions; Idrisi revolt; tribal loyalties; Wahhabi involvement; detailed military maps. 8. Aqaba Issue By Rashdi Infantry Brigade Commander. Istanbul 1326 AH. 154 pages. Ottoman–British relations; Egypt's role; Hijaz railway; Aqaba dispute. 9. War in Arabia between Ibn Saud and the Imam of Yemen By Abdülgani Sünni Bey. Ankara 1934. 20 pages. Unique copy. Covers causes tribal alignments Asir Aden Najran foreign involvement. 10. Guide to the Gulf of Aden Ottoman Turkish. Istanbul 1310 AH. 276 pages. Includes maps; authored by naval officer Süleyman Nutqi. 11. Tripoli Benghazi and the Twelve Islands Issue Report dated 27 November 1916. 24 pages French treaty texts. Ottoman North Africa American conflicts Italian ambitions Lausanne Treaty. 12. Sheikh Sa'id Island Issue Istanbul 1916. 4 pages. Strategic Bab al-Mandab island dispute with France. 13. Palestine Issue – Zionist Claims Istanbul 3 March 1918. 43 pages. Origins of Zionism; European diplomacy; Jerusalem administration. 14. Notes on the Iraq War Military Press 1333 AH. 88 pages. Translated from English for official use only. Rare. 15. Bahrain Issue Report dated 8 January 1917. 12 pages French texts. History British protection treaties 1820–1898 inclusion in 1913 Gulf treaty. 16. Muhammarah Issue Report dated 1 March 1917. 8 pages. Borders oil Sheikh Khaz'al Anglo-Iranian-Ottoman relations. 17. Oil Concessions in Arabia Report dated 26 March 1917. 9 pages English treaty. Mosul Baghdad Basra Shell Najd Kuwait. 18. Baghdad Issue Report dated 31 August 1917. 53 pages French texts. Baghdad Railway; British–Ottoman rivalry; Gulf politics. 19. Farasan Islands Issue Report dated 28 November 1916. 8 pages. German coal depot request; British occupation; oil and gas. 20. Hadhramaut Issue Report dated 11 March 1917. 6 pages. Tribal governance; British relations via Aden. 21. Aden and the Nine Districts Report dated 27 November 1916. 39 pages French annexes. Portuguese Ottoman British rule; Yemen administration; sovereignty claims. 22. Memorandum on British Claims Regarding the Baghdad Line and Basra Gulf Istanbul 21 January 1911. 35 pages appendices. Detailed diplomatic negotiations since 1903. 23. Guide to the Red Sea Istanbul 1307 AH. 459 pages. Comprehensive nautical and railway guide with ports and routes. 24. South Arabia Issue Hadhramaut Socotra etc. İsmail Hakkı Tevfik. Bulgaria 1935. 132 pages with photographs and maps. 25. The Egyptian Issue Prepared March 1918. 186 pages. Ottoman legal and political analysis of Egypt from Muhammad Ali to British occupation. 26. Shatt al-Arab Issue Istanbul 1917. 30 pages. 1913 treaty with Britain; navigation borders Iran Muhammarah. Note İsmail Hakkı Tevfik was a senior Ottoman and Republican diplomat and son-in-law of Sultan Mehmed VI. Fakhr al-Din Rûm Bey Oğlu and Muhammad Nâbi were leading Ottoman statesmen. Other contributors include Süleyman Nutqi naval officer and Abdulgani Seni Bey later a key Republican thinker. 26 items Ottoman Ministry of Foreign Affairs paperback
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