MALTHUS, ThomasBiblio.com
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rif. 112135London T. Bensley for J. Johnson 1803. . Second edition substantially revised; 4to 27.5 x 22 cm; a few pencil annotations C4 cancelled and signed C3 title neatly tipped on to following leaf small chip lower edge b2 occasional spotting; modern half brown morocco gilt spine in 6 compartments contrasting red morocco lettering-piece very good; viii 4 610pp. The second edition substantially revised and in essence a 'new work'. The second edition substantially revised and in essence a 'new work' in which Malthus defends his views against a host of critics Preface. 'The central idea of the essay and the hub of Malthusian theory was a simple one. The population of a community Malthus suggested increases geometrically while food supplies increased only arithmetically. If the natural increase in population occurs the food supply becomes insufficient and the size of the population is checked by 'misery' that is the poorest sections of the community suffer disease and famine. The Essay was highly influential in the progress of thought in early nineteenth-century Europe' PMM. In this enlarged edition Malthus made clear what was only implicit in the first that prudential restraint should if humanly possible be 'moral restraint' that is delayed marriage accompanied by strictly moral pre-marital behaviour although he admitted that moral restraint would not be easy and that there would be occasional failures. Whereas in the first edition he had said that all the checks to population would involve either misery or vice in the second edition he attempted to lighten this 'melancholy hue' first edition p.iv and 'to soften some of the harshest conclusions of the first essay' second edition p.vii by arguing that moral restraint if supported by an education emphasising the immorality of bringing children into the world without the means of supporting them would tend to increase rather than diminish individual happiness. 'His work was an important influence on both Darwin and Wallace in their formulation of the concept of natural selection. It also had a profound influence on the decrease in size of families down to the present time' Garrison-Morton. Cf.PMM 251; Garrison-Morton 1693; Goldsmiths 18640; Kress B.4701. London, T. Bensley for J. Johnson, 1803. unknown
1807rif. 31326Altona J.F. Hammerich 1807. 8vo. Bound in the two orig. blue cardboardbindings. The backs have been professionally restored preserving the orig. printed paper title-labels and cont. paper library-labels at lower backs. Occasional brownspotting due to the paper-quality but all in all a very nice and attractive copy. XVI 4 368; VIII 358 1 pp. Some of the first leaves of the "Erstes Buch" in the first volume have been misbound but are all present. Rare first German edition of this political and economic classic which constitutes Malthus' first major publication and his main work because of which he is considered the father of demography and one of the main sources of inspiration for Darwin and Wallace. It is the first translation of the "Principle on Population" into any language and it influenced German politics tremendously.The first edition was printed anonymously in London in 1798 and in 1803 the second edition which also according to Malthus himself can be said to constitute a new work appeared; -the great quarto edition from 1803 is thoroughly revised and much enlarged the title has been changed and Malthus' name appears on the title-page for the first time it is on this edition that all the preceding editions are based and in consequence also the early translations. All the later editions were minor revisions of the second one. In 1806 the third edition appeared and as soon as 1807 the first German one which is translated from the revised third edition "Die gegenwärtige Uebersetzung ist nach der dritten Ausgabe Oktav London 1806. Die Quartausgabe ist minder vollständig" Vorwort p. V. New revisions of the text kept appearing till the sixth edition in 1826. The book then as now is considered highly controversial and it has influenced all demographers ever since as well as being of immense importance to the study of economic theory and genetic inheritance. "The "Essay" was highly influential in the progress of thought in the early nineteenth-century Europe. "Parson" Malthus as Cobbett dubbed him was for many a monster and his views were often grossly misinterpreted. But his influence on social policy whether for good or evil was considerable. The Malthusian theory of population came at the right time to harden the existing feeling against the Poor Laws and Malthus was a leading spirit behind the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834." PMM 251.Thomas Robert Malthus 1766-1834 called the "enfant terrible" of the economists was an English demographer statistician and political economist who is best known for his groundbreaking views on population growth presented in his "Essays on the Principle of Population" which is based on his own prediction that population would outrun food supply causing poverty and starvation. Among other things this caused the legislation which lowered the population of the poor in England. Malthus actually turned political economic and social thought upside down with this work which has caused him to be considered one of the 100 most influential persons in history Hart The 100: A Ranking of the most Influential Persons in History 1978. Of course he was condemned by Marx and Engels and opposed by the socialists universally but the work was of immense impact on not only politics economics social sciences etc but also on natural sciences. "Later in the "Origin of Species" he Darwin wrote that the struggle for existence "is the doctrine of Malthus applied with manifold force to the whole animal and vegetable kingdoms; for in this case there can be no artificial increase of food and no prudential restraint from marriage" p. 63. Alfred Russel Wallace who arrived at a worked-out formulation of the theory of evolution at almost precisely the same time as Darwin acknowledged that "perhaps the most important book I read was Malthus's "Principles of Population" My Life p. 232. Although there were four decennial censuses before Malthus' death he did not himself analyze the data although he did influence Lambert Quetelet and Pierre Verhulst who made precise statistical studies on growth of populations in developed countries and showed how the early exponential growth changed to an S curve." DSB IX p. 69. As Malthus realized that his theories were not satisfactorily presented or sufficiently demonstrated in the first edition from 1798 he travelled for three years through Europe gleaning statistics and then published the second edition in 1803. Among other places he travelled through Northern Germany and his detailed diaries of these journeys provided him with some of the evidence necessary for the development of his theory on population growth. The observational information that he gathered on his travels in Europe were crucial to the development of his theories which also means that the work is of great interest for other European countries and not only Britain. "In 1819 the Royal Society elected Malthus to a fellowship. He was also a member of the French Institute and the Berlin Academy and a founding member of the Statistical Society 1834." DSB IX p. 67. Printing and the Mind of Man 251 first edition. unknown
1807rif. 31326Altona, J.F. Hammerich, 1807. 8vo. Bound in the two orig. blue cardboardbindings. The backs have been professionally restored, preserving the orig. printed paper title-labels and cont. paper library-labels at lower backs. Occasional brownspotting due to the paper-quality, but all in all a very nice and attractive copy. XVI, (4), 368" VIII, 358, (1) pp. Some of the first leaves of the ""Erstes Buch"" in the first volume have been misbound, but are all present.
1803rif. 143843London: T. Bensley 1803. Rare second edition of this cornerstone text of modern economics. Quarto bound in full diced morocco raised bands gilt titles and tooling to the spine front and rear panels marbled endpapers. In very good condition. An exceptional presentation. “Malthus was one of the founders of modern economics. His Essay was originally the product of a discussion on the perfectibility of society with his father who urged him to publish. Thus the first edition published anonymously was essentially a fighting tract but later editions were considerably altered and grew bulkier as Malthus defended his views against a host of critics… The Essay was highly influential in the progress of thought in early 19th-century Europe and his influence on social policy was considerable… Both Darwin and Wallace clearly acknowledged Malthus as a source of the idea of ‘the struggle for existence” PMM 251. T. Bensley hardcover
1820rif. 884511London: 1820. Some light foxing to the title page otherwise a superior copy in the original papercovered boards with paper spine label. Malthus' Principles of Political Economy did not have its full impact on economic theory until it was revived by J.M. Keynes and P. Sraffa in the twentieth century. Math and technology aside Malthus argues not that society tends toward cannibalistic starvation but that either society will "preventatively" control its population or nature will "correctively" reduce population"Several philosophers and speculatists had supposed that a certain state of society very different from any that has hitherto existed was in itself practicable; and that if it were realised it would be productive of a far greater degree of human happiness than is compatible with the present institutions of society."21 Malthus' argument as stated by Hazlitt is that if man were to give up his existing social institutions then there would be as much bad as good come of it. "For says Mr Malthus though this improved state of society were actually realized it could not possibly continue but must soon terminate in a state of things pregnant with evils for more insupportable than any we at present endure.". First Edition. Contemporary Blue Cloth. Excellent. 8vo. Hardcover
1820rif. 143844London: John Murray 1820. Rare first edition of Malthus' classic work. Octavo bound in full diced morocco raised bands gilt titles and tooling to the spine front and rear panels marbled endpapers. In near fine condition. An exceptional presentation. Thomas Malthus was an English economist known for his work in the fields of political economics and demography. His theory that prosperity and production lead not to utopia but to population growth and thereby back to social imbalance known as the "Malthusian trap" was expounded in his Essay on the Principle of Population 1789 one of his most notable and debated works. His Principles of Political Economy was written as a polemic against David Ricardo's On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation and Say's Law arguing that demand did not grow simultaneously with supply but that they should be analyzed independent of each other expounding ideas which became influential on Keynsian economics. Both these works were divisive incurring backlash and support amongst notable economists. The bleak message of his Principle of Population rendered Malthus a notorious figure: Ebenezer Scrooge from A Christmas Carol for example justifies his refusal to give charity as a Malthusian attempt to control the population. John Murray hardcover
1798rif. 116955London: J. Johnson 1798. First edition of this cornerstone text of modern economics. Octavo bound in three quarters calf. Laid in is a clipping from an original manuscript signed by Malthus and entirely in his hand which reads in part "If at one time such a given product would make an effectual demand for certain commodities the conditions of the supply of which are supposed to remain the same it would immediately cease to make such effectual." Signed by Malthus in the lower right corner "Malthus." The verso features two further partial lines of text relating to supply and demand. In near fine condition. First editions of Malthus' magnum opus are exceptionally scarce. “Malthus was one of the founders of modern economics. His Essay was originally the product of a discussion on the perfectibility of society with his father who urged him to publish. Thus the first edition published anonymously was essentially a fighting tract but later editions were considerably altered and grew bulkier as Malthus defended his views against a host of critics… The Essay was highly influential in the progress of thought in early 19th-century Europe and his influence on social policy was considerable… Both Darwin and Wallace clearly acknowledged Malthus as a source of the idea of ‘the struggle for existence” PMM 251. J. Johnson unknown
